"Boom style" is a recognised architectural development of a late nineteenth-century period of prosperity in which domestic, commercial, public and ecclesiastical architecture burgeoned, particularly in
Victoria, Australia
Victoria is a state in southeastern Australia. It is the second-smallest state with a land area of , the second most populated state (after New South Wales) with a population of over 6.5 million, and the most densely populated state in Au ...
, and in other east-coast Australian states.
The phrase is sometimes used, uncapitalised, to designate similar opulent architecture of overlapping periods across the late
British Empire
The British Empire was composed of the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It began with the overseas possessions and trading posts esta ...
,
and to some extent in America.
Background
![Mutual Life Assurance Office from The Powerhouse Museum Collection](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Mutual_Life_Assurance_Office_from_The_Powerhouse_Museum_Collection.jpg)
In the 19th century, there was a significant increase in the construction of civic buildings in urban areas throughout the
British Empire
The British Empire was composed of the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It began with the overseas possessions and trading posts esta ...
supported by the rise of the middle class and its leisure activities accommodated by theatres, shopping arcades, and coffee houses.
These buildings embraced the latest architectural trends incorporating both Gothic and classical elements in an unconventional manner to create visually stunning effects in a design approach, criticised in the
Modernist period by such commentators as Freeland, as uneducated eclecticism or frivolousness.
Australia
King and Willis
note that the term ‘Boom Style’ (as capitalised) has entered the lexicon of Australian architectural historians, its first usage being accepted as by
Robyn Boyd in the 1952 edition of his ''Australia's Home''.
The Australian gold rushes led to a fivefold population increase within a mere thirty-year period attracting opportunists and adventurers from around the world and the resultant wealth funded the emergence, particularly in Melbourne, and to a lesser extent in
Sydney
Sydney ( ) is the capital city of the state of New South Wales, and the most populous city in both Australia and Oceania. Located on Australia's east coast, the metropolis surrounds Sydney Harbour and extends about towards the Blue Mountain ...
and
Brisbane
Brisbane ( ) is the capital and most populous city of the states and territories of Australia, Australian state of Queensland, and the list of cities in Australia by population, third-most populous city in Australia and Oceania, with a populati ...
,
of a lavish architectural style known since as the Boom style. The period between the gold rushes and the major depression of the 1890s witnessed a significant surge in building activity, encompassing both residential and secular structures, as well as religious buildings.
Previously limited to three or four stories, commercial office buildings in the Boom Style reached '
skyscraper
A skyscraper is a tall continuously habitable building having multiple floors. Modern sources currently define skyscrapers as being at least or in height, though there is no universally accepted definition. Skyscrapers are very tall high-ris ...
' heights.
Melbourne
Melbourne in particular, as the capital of the colony in which most gold was discovered, experienced a rapid influx of money, which contributed to the city's growth. This period marked the prevalence of elaborately decorated Victorian architecture in the city recognised as ‘
Marvellous Melbourne
''Marvellous Melbourne: Queen City of the South'' is a 1910 documentary of Melbourne that takes the audience through the hotspots of its central business district and surrounding features. Published in 1910, the film stands as the oldest surviv ...
”
The centres of gold mining including
Ballarat
Ballarat ( ) is a city in the Central Highlands (Victoria), Central Highlands of Victoria (Australia), Victoria, Australia. At the 2021 Census, Ballarat had a population of 116,201, making it the third largest city in Victoria. Estimated resid ...
and
Bendigo
Bendigo ( ) is a city in Victoria, Australia, located in the Bendigo Valley near the geographical centre of the state and approximately north-west of Melbourne, the state capital.
As of 2019, Bendigo had an urban population of 100,991, makin ...
, and even the now smaller towns such as
Clunes,
Maryborough,
Daylesford and
Beechworth
Beechworth is a well-preserved historical town located in the north-east of Victoria, Australia, famous for its major growth during the gold rush days of the mid-1850s. At the , Beechworth had a population of 3,859.
Beechworth's many histor ...
also feature such buildings.
Characteristics
![Winter medley - Flickr - mugley](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Winter_medley_-_Flickr_-_mugley.jpg)
In the late 1880s and early 1890s, the Boom Style gained prominence, featuring unrestrainedly ornate facades. Stucco parapets or balustrades concealed the roofs, colored-brick patterns were common, and cast-iron verandas and stained glass around the front doors were chararcteristc. Architectural historians categorise 'Boom style' into sub-styles such as Georgian Colonial, Gothic Revival, Renaissance Revival, and French Second Empire.
Architects rose to the challenge of providing wealthy clients' demands for ostentatious houses. Notable examples include "Benvenuta" in
Carlton
Carlton may refer to:
People
* Carlton (name), a list of those with the given name or surname
* Carlton (singer), English soul singer Carlton McCarthy
* Carlton, a pen name used by Joseph Caldwell (1773–1835), American educator, Presbyterian ...
, designed by
Walter Scott Law
Walter Scott Law was an English-born architect based in Melbourne, Australia and later in Cape Town, South Africa. He designed many buildings in Carlton, a suburb of Melbourne.
Early life
Walter Scott Law was born in 1852 in London, England.
...
in 1892 for a small-arms manufacturer. Roman-inspired, and now known as
Medley Hall
Medley Hall is the smallest residential college of the University of Melbourne in Australia. Established in 1954, it is situated on 48 Drummond St in Carlton, Victoria, away from other residential colleges in Parkville. It is home to approxima ...
, a residential college, is another example, featuring intricate garlands, encrustations of floral motifs, and statues on the parapet, all crafted by Italian artisans.
Glass
![Labassa](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Labassa.jpg)
During this era, coloured glass became a popular feature in private homes, adorning both modest terraces and grand mansions. The availability of relatively inexpensive glass due to the
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Great Britain, continental Europe, and the United States, that occurred during the period from around 1760 to about 1820–1840. This transition included going f ...
, its suitability as ballast on returning ships, and the public's inclination for ornamentation all contributed to its widespread usage. By the 1880s international exhibitions in
Sydney
Sydney ( ) is the capital city of the state of New South Wales, and the most populous city in both Australia and Oceania. Located on Australia's east coast, the metropolis surrounds Sydney Harbour and extends about towards the Blue Mountain ...
(1879) and
Melbourne
Melbourne ( ; Boonwurrung/Woiwurrung: ''Narrm'' or ''Naarm'') is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-most populous city in both Australia and Oceania. Its name generally refers to a met ...
(1880-81) had popularised sophisticated new products from manufacturing nations and the introduction of various types of specialty glass, adding a colourful element to the generally subdued tones of boom-style building materials. Painted and enameled decorative panels, etched ruby glass, and high-quality Victorian
leadlight
Leadlights, leaded lights or leaded windows are decorative windows made of small sections of glass supported in lead cames. The technique of creating windows using glass and lead came to be known as came glasswork. The term 'leadlight' could be ...
s, featuring thick and deeply colored quarries and sparkling roundels, were incorporated into door settings, stairwells, and hallway windows. The role of the stained glass window is showcased in ''Labassa'', an Italian-inspired villa in
Caulfield North
Caulfield North is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 11 km south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Glen Eira local government area. Caulfield North recorded a population of 16,903 at the ...
, constructed in 1890 for W. A. Robertson, a pastoralist and investor. Designed by J. A. B. Koch and again built by Italian craftsmen, the villa exhibited extensive sculptural ornamentation and extravagant use of stenciled decorations and stained glass.
Architects
*
George Henry Male Addison
George Henry Male Addison (1857–1922) was an Australian architect and artist. Many of his buildings are now heritage-listed.
Early life
Addison was born on 23 March 1857 in Llanelly, Wales, the son of Edward James Addison (1820–1863), a Wes ...
:
The
Albert Street Uniting Church
Albert Street Uniting Church is a heritage-listed church at 319 Albert Street (on the corner of Ann Street), Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by George Henry Male Addison and built from 1888 to 1889 by ...
,
Brisbane
Brisbane ( ) is the capital and most populous city of the states and territories of Australia, Australian state of Queensland, and the list of cities in Australia by population, third-most populous city in Australia and Oceania, with a populati ...
, (1889); Cliveden Mansions,
Spring Hill (1888); The villa
Kirkston
Kirkston is a heritage-listed villa at 23 Rupert Street, Windsor, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by George Henry Male Addison and built from 1888 to 1889 by John William Young. It was added to the Queensland Heritage ...
, built in 1888–89 at
Windsor
Windsor may refer to:
Places Australia
* Windsor, New South Wales
** Municipality of Windsor, a former local government area
* Windsor, Queensland, a suburb of Brisbane, Queensland
**Shire of Windsor, a former local government authority around Wi ...
Extensive additions to
Stanley Hall
Granville Stanley Hall (February 1, 1846 – April 24, 1924) was a pioneering American psychologist and educator. His interests focused on human life span development and evolutionary theory. Hall was the first president of the American P ...
,
Clayfield
Clayfield is a suburb in the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. In the , Clayfield had a population of 10,555 people.
Geography
Clayfield is by road from the Brisbane GPO. Clayfield is bordered to the north by Nundah, to the east by A ...
, (1889);
The Mansions, 40 George Street, Brisbane (1889); ''Fernbrook'', his home in Indooroopilly (c. 1889, demolished in the 1920s);
Cumbooquepa
Cumbooquepa is a heritage-listed house at Somerville House, 253 Vulture Street, South Brisbane, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by George Henry Male Addison and built in 1890. It is also known as Brisbane High School f ...
,
South Brisbane
South Brisbane is an inner southern suburb in the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. In the , South Brisbane had a population of 7,196 people.
Geography
The suburb is on the southern bank of the Brisbane River, bounded to the north-west, ...
(1890) ;The
Old Museum Building, Brisbane
The Old Museum Building is a heritage-listed former exhibition building, former museum and now performance venue in Bowen Hills, Queensland, Bowen Hills, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It is made from 1.3 million red bricks and bordered by Gre ...
, (1891)
* James Birtwistle (1857-1939): ''Illawarra'',
Toorak (1889); Great Southern Hotel,
Beaumaris
Beaumaris ( ; cy, Biwmares ) is a town and community on the Isle of Anglesey in Wales, of which it is the former county town of Anglesey. It is located at the eastern entrance to the Menai Strait, the tidal waterway separating Anglesey from ...
(1889);
Preston Town Hall (1895, uncompleted)
*
Thomas James Crouch (1832 - 1889): Deloraine Terrace,
Parkville, 1887;
Melbourne General Post Office
The General Post Office, situated on the corner of Elizabeth and Bourke streets in Melbourne, is the former General Post Office for Victoria, Australia.
Still owned by the Federal Government, the building appears on all major heritage lists: ...
(design ultimately went to A. E. Johnson);
Methodist Ladies College
* George De Lacy Evans: Marks’ Warehouses, 29 Niagara Lane, Melbourne (1887); Sum Kum Lee Building, Lt. Bourke St, (1888)
* Harry Browse Gibbs (1858–1918): George Hotel,
Fitzroy Street,
St Kilda (1886, corner section); ''Crossakiel'', 26 Kooyongkoot Road.,
Hawthorn
Hawthorn or Hawthorns may refer to:
Plants
* '' Crataegus'' (hawthorn), a large genus of shrubs and trees in the family Rosaceae
* ''Rhaphiolepis'' (hawthorn), a genus of about 15 species of evergreen shrubs and small trees in the family Rosace ...
(1884-6)
* Norman Hitchcock (c.1837-1918): ''Holcombe Terrace'', Carlton; 70 Albert Street,
East Melbourne
East Melbourne is an inner-city suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Melbourne local government area. East Melbourne recorded a population of 4,896 at the 2021 ...
; Victoria Buildings, 193-207
Smith Street,
Fitzroy Fitzroy or FitzRoy may refer to:
People As a given name
*Several members of the Somerset family (Dukes of Beaufort) have this as a middle-name:
**FitzRoy Somerset, 1st Baron Raglan (1788–1855)
** Henry Charles FitzRoy Somerset, 8th Duke of Beau ...
(1889); Melbournia Terrace, 1 - 13 Drummond Street,,
Carlton
Carlton may refer to:
People
* Carlton (name), a list of those with the given name or surname
* Carlton (singer), English soul singer Carlton McCarthy
* Carlton, a pen name used by Joseph Caldwell (1773–1835), American educator, Presbyterian ...
* Arthur Ebden Johnson:
Melbourne General Post Office
The General Post Office, situated on the corner of Elizabeth and Bourke streets in Melbourne, is the former General Post Office for Victoria, Australia.
Still owned by the Federal Government, the building appears on all major heritage lists: ...
(additions 1887);
Melbourne Athenaeum
The Athenaeum or Melbourne Athenaeum is an art and cultural hub in the Melbourne city centre, central business district of Melbourne, Victoria (Australia), Victoria, Australia. Founded in 1839, it is the city's oldest cultural institution.
It ...
(1886);
Eastern Hill Fire Station
Eastern Hill Fire Station is the central fire station of Melbourne, Victoria, located on the corner of Victoria Parade and Gisborne Street at one of the highest points in the City. The building has been recognised as historically significant by ...
(1893)
*
William Pitt: designs include: Premier Permanent Building Society 1882 (demolished); Melbourne Coffee Palace in 1882 (demolished in the 1960s);
Princess Theatre; The Federal Coffee Palace (demolished in 1972); Olderfleet buildings; Old Safe Deposit Building; Old Rialto Building; Former Melbourne Stock Exchange; Grand Hotel,
Yarra Glen
Yarra Glen is a town in Victoria, Australia, 40 km north-east from Melbourne's central business district, located within the Shire of Yarra Ranges local government area. Yarra Glen recorded a population of 3,012 at the .
History
The Ry ...
*
Joseph Reed (c. 1823–1890):
Royal Exhibition Building
The Royal Exhibition Building is a World Heritage-listed building in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, built in 1879–1880 as part of the international exhibition movement, which presented over 50 exhibitions between 1851 and 1915 around the glo ...
, 1880;
Ormond College
Ormond College is the largest of the residential colleges of the University of Melbourne located in the city of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It is home to around 350 undergraduates, 90 graduates and 35 professorial and academic residents.
Hi ...
, Melbourne University (1881); Holy Trinity Church, East St Kilda (1882–1889);
Old Pathology Building, Melbourne University (1885); Sacred Heart Church, St Kilda (1884);
Lombard Building
The Lombard Building is a Victorian era building built between 1889 and 1890, within the Melbourne CBD in Victoria, Australia. It was designed by the architectural practice of Reed, Henderson & Smart (1883–1890), now known as Bates Smart. The ...
(15-17
Queen Street) (1887);
Baldwin Spencer Building
The Baldwin Spencer Building, also called Building 113, is a university teaching facility that serves as a student service centre, located at 152-292 Grattan Street, The University of Melbourne, Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Built ...
, Melbourne University (1887);
Old Physics Conference Room and Gallery
The Old Physics Conference Room and Gallery is a university teaching and art gallery located at 156-292 Grattan Street, The University of Melbourne, Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Built between 1886 and 1889, the building formerly ...
, Melbourne University (1888)
* Lloyd Tayler (1830-1900): ''Chevy Chase,'' 203 Were Street,
Brighton
Brighton () is a seaside resort and one of the two main areas of the City of Brighton and Hove in the county of East Sussex, England. It is located south of London.
Archaeological evidence of settlement in the area dates back to the Bronze A ...
(1881)
* Edward Twentyman (from 1882 – Twentyman and Askew) Cairns Memorial Church, East Melbourne (c1886), Colonial Sugar Refinery,
Port Melbourne
Port Melbourne is an inner-city suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, south-west of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the Cities of Melbourne and Port Phillip local government areas. Port Melbourne recorded a populatio ...
(c1886);
Block Arcade
The Block Arcade is an historic shopping arcade in the central business district of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Constructed between 1891 and 1893, it is considered one of the late Victorian era's finest shopping arcades and ranks among Melbou ...
, Collins Street (1890-93); Campi Buildings at 149-167 Queens Parade,
Clifton Hill (1883)
*
William Charles Vahland (1828–1915):
Bendigo Town Hall
The Bendigo Town Hall is an Australian town hall prominently located at the intersection of Bull Street and Hargreaves Street in Bendigo, Victoria. It is considered one of the finest Victorian-era Second Empire buildings in Australia.
Early hist ...
(1885),
Shamrock Hotel
The Shamrock was a hotel constructed between 1946 and 1949 by wildcatter Glenn McCarthy southwest of downtown Houston, Texas next to the Texas Medical Center. It was the largest hotel built in the United States during the 1940s. The grand openin ...
(1897)
*
Charles Webb:
Hotel Windsor,
Royal Arcade Royal Arcade can refer to a number of structures:
* Royal Arcade, Boscombe
* Royal Arcade, Cardiff
* Royal Arcade, Charters Towers
* Royal Arcade, London
* Royal Arcade, Melbourne
* Royal Arcade, Norwich
The Royal Arcade is a grade II* listed ...
,
South Melbourne Town Hall
South Melbourne Town Hall is a civic building located on Bank Street in South Melbourne, Victoria, South Melbourne, a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria (Australia), Victoria, Australia. It is of state heritage significance to Victoria being listed o ...
, ''Tasma Terrace'', and his own home at 6 Farleigh Grove are all listed on the
Victorian Heritage Register
The Victorian Heritage Register (VHR) lists places deemed to be of cultural heritage significance to the State of Victoria, Australia. It has statutory weight under the Heritage Act 2017. The Minister for Planning is the responsible Minister. H ...
.
* William Wolf: Lalor House, Richmond, 1888;
Nathan’s Terrace,
Flemington, 1888; Canterbury Mansions,
Canterbury
Canterbury (, ) is a City status in the United Kingdom, cathedral city and UNESCO World Heritage Site, situated in the heart of the City of Canterbury local government district of Kent, England. It lies on the River Stour, Kent, River Stour.
...
, 1889
Demise
With a recession and the collapse of banks in 1893 and following that, the demise of numerous newly established companies, the building industry embraced a more modest style that reflected the prevailing sobriety.
The "
Queen Anne" revival style emerged in deliberate contrast to the Boom Style, characterised by meticulously pointed red bricks and newly imported Marseilles-pattern roofing tiles made of terra-cotta, and abandoning the use of stucco. Grey slate was replaced with red tiles, while the folded M-shaped roof expanded to form a high, all-encompassing cap. Instead of formal symmetry, the plan and silhouette of buildings transformed into an assortment of irregular bays, dormers, porches, and spires, striving to achieve a "picturesque" appearance, and a more homely 'English' quality.
File:PLCShubra1892.jpg, Shubra Hall and the Main School Building and students of the Presbyterian Ladies' College, Sydney, 1892.
File:Studley Park circa 1900.jpg, Studley Park, Camden circa 1900
File:Mudgee Railway Station 2007.jpg, Mudgee railway station
Mudgee railway station is a heritage-listed former railway station on the Gwabegar railway line at Mudgee, Mid-Western Regional Council, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by John Whitton and built from 1883 to 1884. The property was a ...
, architect John Whitton
John Whitton (1820, near Wakefield, Yorkshire, England – 20 February 1898), an Anglo–Australian railway engineer, was the Engineer-in-Charge for the New South Wales Government Railways, serving between 1856 and 1890, considered the Father of ...
File:Lombard Building, Queen street, Melbourne.jpg, Lombard Building
The Lombard Building is a Victorian era building built between 1889 and 1890, within the Melbourne CBD in Victoria, Australia. It was designed by the architectural practice of Reed, Henderson & Smart (1883–1890), now known as Bates Smart. The ...
, Queen Street, Melbourne
Queen Street is a street in the central business district of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The street forms part of the original Hoddle Grid and was laid out in 1837. It runs roughly north-south and is primarily a commercial and financial th ...
, 1890. Architects Balfour, Elliott & Co.
File:Heritage Hotel, Bulli.jpg, Heritage Hotel, Bulli, New South Wales
Bulli ( ) is a northern suburb of Wollongong situated on the south coast of New South Wales, Australia.
History
Bulli is possibly derived from an Aboriginal word signifying "double or two mountains", but other derivations have been suggeste ...
, 1889. Kenwood and Kerle architects
File:BendigoShamrockHotel.JPG, Shamrock Hotel, Bendigo
The Shamrock Hotel, currently trading as Hotel Shamrock, is a grand 19th-century hotel in Bendigo, Victoria, Australia, situated on Pall Mall (Bendigo), Pall Mall, the city's main street.
The current Shamrock building is a major landmark of B ...
, 1897. Designed by Phillip Kennedy
File:Trinity Terrace, Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne.jpg, Trinity Terrace, Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne
File:Bendigo, l'hotel de ville.jpg, Bendigo Town Hall
The Bendigo Town Hall is an Australian town hall prominently located at the intersection of Bull Street and Hargreaves Street in Bendigo, Victoria. It is considered one of the finest Victorian-era Second Empire buildings in Australia.
Early hist ...
, architect William Vahland
William Charles Vahland (born Carl Wilhelm Vahland; 2 October 1828 – 21 July 1915) was a German-trained Australian architect who, after migrating to Bendigo in 1854 and becoming an Australian citizen on 20 July 1857, became known as the ...
, 1885
File:Victorian terrace on canterbury road, Middle Park.jpg, Victorian terrace on canterbury road, Middle Park
File:Cintra House in Maitland (1).jpg, Cintra House, Maitland
Cintra House is a heritage-listed residence and one-time private hospital at 34 Regent Street, Maitland, City of Maitland, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by John Wiltshire Pender with a garden by Sydney landscape architect R. Culbe ...
, architect John Wiltshire Pender, 1889
File:Fitzroy street st kilda in 1890.jpg, Fitzroy Street, St Kilda in 1890
File:Marion terrace.jpg, Marion Terrace, St Kilda
File:Grosvenor Chambers, 1977.jpg, Grosvenor Chambers
Grosvenor Chambers, at number 9 Collins Street, Melbourne, contained the first custom-built complex of artists' studios in Australia. The construction costs were almost £6,000 and the building opened in April 1888. The owner was Charles Stewar ...
. Architects Oakden, Addison and Kemp, 1888
File:"Wardlow", Parkville, Victoria Australia (4596152014).jpg, "Wardlow", Parkville, Victoria, 1888
File:20101211-Post-Office-Flemington-Victoria-AU.JPG, Flemington Post Office. Architect J. R. Brown, 1888
File:APA Australia Building in Melbourne.jpg, APA Building, Melbourne
The APA Building was a Victorian " skyscraper" in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; at 12 storeys and 53m to the tip of its corner spire, it was the tallest commercial building in Australia at the time of its construction in 1888–9, later repute ...
, Oakden, Addison & Kemp
Oakden, Addison and Kemp was an Australian architectural firm in Melbourne, Victoria. While it was short lived, existing from only 1887 to 1892, they designed a number of outstanding projects, and all three members designed many more notable proje ...
1889
File:Equitable c1900 slv.jpg, Equitable Building, Collins Street, architect Edward Raht, 1896
File:Federal Coffee Palace in Melbourne, 1950s.jpg, Federal Coffee Palace
The Federal Hotel and Coffee Palace was a large elaborate Second Empire style temperance hotel in the city centre of Melbourne, Victoria, built in 1888 at the height of Melbourne's Boom era, and controversially demolished in 1973. Located on C ...
, Melbourne, designed by Ellerker & Kilburn and William Pitt, 1888
File:Fink's Building, c. 1890s.jpg, Fink's Building, Melbourne. Architects Twentyman & Askew, 1888
File:1887- Parer's Crystal Cafe by Schwarze, W.jpg, Parer's Crystal Cafe, Bourke Street
Bourke Street is one of the main streets in the Melbourne central business district and a core feature of the Hoddle Grid. It was traditionally the entertainment hub of inner-city Melbourne, and is now also a popular tourist destination and tr ...
, Melbourne 1886
References
{{reflist
Australian architecture by state or territory
Architectural styles
Victorian architecture in Australia
Renaissance Revival architecture in Australia
Gothic Revival architecture in Melbourne
Second Empire architecture in Australia