Bolzano (
or ; german: Bozen,
(formerly ); bar, Bozn; lld, Balsan or ) is the
capital city
A capital city or capital is the municipality holding primary status in a country, state, province, Department (country subdivision), department, or other subnational entity, usually as its seat of the government. A capital is typically a city ...
of the province of
South Tyrol
it, Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano – Alto Adige lld, Provinzia Autonoma de Balsan/Bulsan – Südtirol
, settlement_type = Autonomous province
, image_skyline =
, image_alt ...
in northern Italy. With a population of 108,245, Bolzano is also by far the largest city in
South Tyrol
it, Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano – Alto Adige lld, Provinzia Autonoma de Balsan/Bulsan – Südtirol
, settlement_type = Autonomous province
, image_skyline =
, image_alt ...
and the third largest in historical
Tyrol
Tyrol (; historically the Tyrole; de-AT, Tirol ; it, Tirolo) is a historical region in the Alps - in Northern Italy and western Austria. The area was historically the core of the County of Tyrol, part of the Holy Roman Empire, Austrian Emp ...
. The greater metro area has about 250,000 inhabitants and is one of the urban centers within the
Alps
The Alps () ; german: Alpen ; it, Alpi ; rm, Alps ; sl, Alpe . are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately across seven Alpine countries (from west to east): France, Sw ...
.
Bolzano is the seat of the
Free University of Bozen-Bolzano
The Free University of Bozen-Bolzano (Italian language, Italian: ''Libera Università di Bolzano'', German language, German: ''Freie Universität Bozen'', Ladin language, Ladin: ''Università Liedia de Bulsan'') is a university primarily loca ...
, where lectures and seminars are held in English, German, and Italian. The city is also home to the
Italian Army
"The safeguard of the republic shall be the supreme law"
, colors =
, colors_labels =
, march = ''Parata d'Eroi'' ("Heroes's parade") by Francesco Pellegrino, ''4 Maggio'' (May 4) ...
's
Alpini
The Alpini are the Italian Army's specialist mountain infantry. Part of the army's infantry corps, the speciality distinguished itself in combat during World War I and World War II. Currently the active Alpini units are organized in two operatio ...
High Command (
COMALP
The Comando Truppe Alpine (Alpine Troops Command) or COMTA (formerly also COMALP) commands the Mountain Troops of the Italian Army, called '' Alpini'' (singular: ''Alpino'') and various support and training units. It is the successor to the ''4º ...
) and some of its combat and support units.
In the 2020 version of the annual ranking of quality of life in Italian cities, Bolzano was ranked joint first for quality of life alongside
Bologna
Bologna (, , ; egl, label= Emilian, Bulåggna ; lat, Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region in Northern Italy. It is the seventh most populous city in Italy with about 400,000 inhabitants and 150 different nat ...
.
Along with other Alpine towns in South Tyrol, Bolzano engages in the
Alpine Town of the Year
The Alpine Town of the Year award is given to towns which have made exceptional efforts for the realization of the Alpine Convention and for sustainable development. The ''Alpine Towns of the Year'' are members of the international association of ...
Association for the implementation of the Alpine Convention. The Convention aims to promote and achieve sustainable development in the Alpine Arc. Consequently, Bolzano was awarded ''Alpine Town of the Year 2009''.
Bolzano is considered a bridge between
Northern Europe
The northern region of Europe has several definitions. A restrictive definition may describe Northern Europe as being roughly north of the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, which is about 54th parallel north, 54°N, or may be based on other g ...
and
Southern Europe
Southern Europe is the southern regions of Europe, region of Europe. It is also known as Mediterranean Europe, as its geography is essentially marked by the Mediterranean Sea. Definitions of Southern Europe include some or all of these countrie ...
due to the three spoken languages in
South Tyrol
it, Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano – Alto Adige lld, Provinzia Autonoma de Balsan/Bulsan – Südtirol
, settlement_type = Autonomous province
, image_skyline =
, image_alt ...
(
Italian
Italian(s) may refer to:
* Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries
** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom
** Italian language, a Romance language
*** Regional Ita ...
,
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
**Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ger ...
, and
Ladin
Ladin may refer to:
* Ladin language, a language in northern Italy, often classified as a Rhaeto-Romance language
*Ladin people, the inhabitants of the Dolomite Alps region of northern Italy
See also
*Laden (disambiguation)
* Ladino (disambigua ...
) and the confluence of Italian and
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
**Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ger ...
-
Austrian
Austrian may refer to:
* Austrians, someone from Austria or of Austrian descent
** Someone who is considered an Austrian citizen, see Austrian nationality law
* Austrian German dialect
* Something associated with the country Austria, for example: ...
culture.
Geography
Location
The area of the city of Bolzano is 52.3 km
2 (20 sq. mi.), of which 28 km
2 (10 sq. mi.) is used as a settlement area. The city is located in the basin where the
Sarntal
Sarntal (; it, Sarentino ) is a valley and a ''comune'' (municipality) in South Tyrol in northern Italy, located about north of the city of Bolzano. The municipality comprises several towns and villages. The largest one, seat of the mayor and co ...
,
Eisacktal
Eisack Valley ( it, Valle Isarco ; german: Eisacktal) is a district ( it, comprensorio; german: Bezirksgemeinschaft) in South Tyrol, Italy. It comprises the middle part of the valley of the Eisack, from Franzensfeste in the north to Waidbruck in t ...
, and the
Adige Valley
The Adige (; german: Etsch ; vec, Àdexe ; rm, Adisch ; lld, Adesc; la, Athesis; grc, Ἄθεσις, Áthesis, or , ''Átagis'') is the second-longest river in Italy, after the Po. It rises near the Reschen Pass in the Vinschgau in the prov ...
with their rivers,
Talfer
The Talfer (; it, Talvera) is a river located in South Tyrol, Italy. It flows into the Eisack in Bolzano
Bolzano ( or ; german: Bozen, (formerly ); bar, Bozn; lld, Balsan or ) is the capital city of the province of South Tyrol in northern I ...
,
Eisack
The Eisack (german: Eisack, ; it, Isarco ; Latin: ''Isarus'' or ''Isarcus'') is a river in Northern Italy, the second largest river in South Tyrol. Its source is near the Brenner Pass, at an altitude of about 1990 m above sea level. The river draw ...
, and
Adige
The Adige (; german: Etsch ; vec, Àdexe ; rm, Adisch ; lld, Adesc; la, Athesis; grc, Ἄθεσις, Áthesis, or , ''Átagis'') is the second-longest river in Italy, after the Po. It rises near the Reschen Pass in the Vinschgau in the prov ...
, meet. In the Middle Ages, the two main Alpine crossings, the
Via Claudia Augusta
The Via Claudia Augusta is an ancient Roman road, which linked the valley of the Po River with Rhaetia (encompassing parts of modern Eastern Switzerland, Northern Italy, Western Austria, Southern Germany and all of Liechtenstein) across the Alps ...
over
Reschenpass
Reschen Pass (german: Reschenpass, ; it, Passo di Resia ) is a mountain pass across the main chain of the Alps, connecting the Upper Inn Valley in the northwest with the Vinschgau region in the southeast. Since 1919, the border between South Tyr ...
and the Brenner route over
Brenner Pass
The Brenner Pass (german: link=no, Brennerpass , shortly ; it, Passo del Brennero ) is a mountain pass through the Alps which forms the border between Italy and Austria. It is one of the principal passes of the Eastern Alpine range and has ...
, met in Bolzano. Thus, the city was very important for the trade. The highest point is 1616 metres (5302') above sea level and the lowest point is 232 metres (761') above sea level. The center is located at an altitude of 262 metres (860') above sea level. The nearest big cities are 58 km (36 miles) (
Trento
Trento ( or ; Ladin and lmo, Trent; german: Trient ; cim, Tria; , ), also anglicized as Trent, is a city on the Adige River in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol in Italy. It is the capital of the autonomous province of Trento. In the 16th centu ...
) and 118 km (73 miles) (
Innsbruck
Innsbruck (; bar, Innschbruck, label=Bavarian language, Austro-Bavarian ) is the capital of Tyrol (state), Tyrol and the List of cities and towns in Austria, fifth-largest city in Austria. On the Inn (river), River Inn, at its junction with the ...
) away.
City districts and neighbouring communities
![Luftbild Bolzano](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Luftbild_Bolzano.jpg)
City districts (most district names were originally in German and italianized at a later stage):
* Centro-Piani-Rencio/Zentrum-Bozner Boden-Rentsch
* Don Bosco/Don Bosco-Neugries
* Europa-Novacella/Europa-Neustift
* Gries-San Quirino/Gries-Quirein
* Oltrisarco-Aslago/Oberau-Haslach
In 1911 Zwölfmalgreien and in 1925 the municipality Gries were incorporated in the city of Bolzano.
Neighbouring communities are:
Eppan,
Karneid
Karneid (; it, Cornedo all'Isarco ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in South Tyrol in northern Italy, located about east of the city of Bolzano. It is also the location of Karneid castle.
Geography
As of 30 November 2010, it had a population of 3 ...
,
Laives
Laives (; german: Leifers ) is a town and a ''comune'' (municipality) in South Tyrol in northern Italy, located about south of the city of Bolzano. It is one of only five mainly Italian speaking municipalities in South Tyrol, and the fourth larg ...
,
Deutschnofen
Deutschnofen (; it, Nova Ponente ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the province of South Tyrol in northern Italy, located about southeast of the city of Bolzano.
Deutschnofen borders the following municipalities: Aldein, Bolzano, Bronzolo, Ka ...
,
Ritten
Ritten (; it, Renon ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in South Tyrol in northern Italy.
Territory
The community is named after the high plateau, elevation , the Ritten or the Renon, on which most of the villages are located. The plateau forms t ...
,
Jenesien
Jenesien (; it, San Genesio Atesino ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the province of South Tyrol in northern Italy, located about northwest of the city of Bolzano.
Geography
As of 30 November 2010, it had a population of 2,952 and an area of ...
,
Terlan
Terlan (; it, Terlano ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in South Tyrol in northern Italy.
Geography
The municipal area is situated within the Adige Valley, about northwest of the city of Bolzano. Terlan is famous for its wine and asparagus produ ...
and
Vadena
Vadena (; german: Pfatten ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in South Tyrol in northern Italy, located about southwest of the city of Bolzano. It is one of only five mainly Italian speaking municipalities in South Tyrol.
Geography
As of November 3 ...
.
Climate
Being located at multiple climate borders, Bolzano features a
humid subtropical climate
A humid subtropical climate is a zone of climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and cool to mild winters. These climates normally lie on the southeast side of all continents (except Antarctica), generally between latitudes 25° and 40° ...
(Cfa) with hot summers and very cold winters by Italian standards. According to the Trewartha classification, this climate could not be really considered a subtropical climate because fewer than 8 months are at least , and thus would be considered a semi-continental climate with hot summers. Some of its suburbs are designated an
oceanic climate
An oceanic climate, also known as a marine climate, is the humid temperate climate sub-type in Köppen classification ''Cfb'', typical of west coasts in higher middle latitudes of continents, generally featuring cool summers and mild winters ( ...
(Cfb) based on cooler summer temperatures, while mountains in the area may feature a continental climate (Dfb). The climate of Bolzano is influenced by its low altitude in a valley south of the main alps. This causes very sheltered conditions from cool winds during daytime, ensuring much warmer temperatures year-round than in similar valley cities north of the range.
Society
Linguistic distribution
According to the 2011 census, 73.80% of the city's inhabitants spoke
Italian
Italian(s) may refer to:
* Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries
** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom
** Italian language, a Romance language
*** Regional Ita ...
, 25.52%
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
**Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ger ...
and 0.68%
Ladin
Ladin may refer to:
* Ladin language, a language in northern Italy, often classified as a Rhaeto-Romance language
*Ladin people, the inhabitants of the Dolomite Alps region of northern Italy
See also
*Laden (disambiguation)
* Ladino (disambigua ...
as their
first language
A first language, native tongue, native language, mother tongue or L1 is the first language or dialect that a person has been exposed to from birth or within the critical period. In some countries, the term ''native language'' or ''mother tongu ...
.
Through fascism and the
Italianization
Italianization ( it, italianizzazione; hr, talijanizacija; french: italianisation; sl, poitaljančevanje; german: Italianisierung; el, Ιταλοποίηση) is the spread of Italian culture, language and identity by way of integration or a ...
policy under
Benito Mussolini
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (; 29 July 188328 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who founded and led the National Fascist Party. He was Prime Minister of Italy from the March on Rome in 1922 until his deposition in 194 ...
in the inter-war period, the Italian language group became the majority in Bolzano. Prior to the annexation of South Tyrol to Italy (
Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles (french: Traité de Versailles; german: Versailler Vertrag, ) was the most important of the peace treaties of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June ...
, 1919) a small Italophone community of up to 10% of the population already lived in Bolzano.
History
Prehistory and Roman settlement
The modern-day Bolzano was in ancient times a marshy region inhabited by the
Raeti
The Raeti (spelling variants: ''Rhaeti'', ''Rheti'' or ''Rhaetii'') were a confederation of Alpine tribes, whose language and culture was related to those of the Etruscans. Before the Roman conquest, they inhabited present-day Tyrol in Austria, ...
an Isarci people, traditionally believed to be descendants of
Etruscan __NOTOC__
Etruscan may refer to:
Ancient civilization
*The Etruscan language, an extinct language in ancient Italy
*Something derived from or related to the Etruscan civilization
**Etruscan architecture
**Etruscan art
**Etruscan cities
**Etruscan ...
refugees fleeing Italy from the invading Gauls. The Romans built a settlement after the area had been conquered in 15 BC by general
Nero Claudius Drusus
Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus (38–9 BC), also called Drusus the Elder, was a Roman politician and military commander. He was a patrician Claudian on his birth father's side but his maternal grandmother was from a plebeian family. He was the ...
. The military settlement, ''Pons Drusi'' (Drusus Bridge), was named after this Roman general. During this time the area became part of the region
Venetia et Histria
Venetia et Histria (Latin: ''Regio X Venetia et Histria'') was an administrative subdivision in the northeast of Roman Italy. It was originally created by Augustus as the tenth ''regio'' in 7 AD alongside the nine other ''regiones''. The region h ...
(Regio X) of
ancient Italy
The history of Italy covers the ancient period, the Middle Ages, and the modern era. Since classical antiquity, ancient Etruscans, various Italic peoples (such as the Latins, Samnites, and Umbri), Celts, '' Magna Graecia'' colonists, and oth ...
.
In 1948, excavations of the current Cathedral led to the discovery of an ancient Christian basilica from the fourth century. Also discovered was a Roman cemetery, including the tomb of "Secundus Regontius" with Latin inscriptions dating to the third century, making him the oldest known inhabitant of Bolzano.
Bavarian settlement
During the gradual decline of the Lombard influence in the seventh century,
Bavaria
Bavaria ( ; ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (german: Freistaat Bayern, link=no ), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total lan ...
n immigration took place and the first mention of a Bavarian ruler in Bolzano dates from 679. At that time, the Bavarians named the nearby villages around Bolzano ''Bauzanum'' or ''Bauzana''. In 769
Tassilo III, Duke of Bavaria
Tassilo III ( 741 – c. 796) was the duke of Bavaria from 748 to 788, the last of the house of the Agilolfings. The Son of Duke Odilo of Bavaria and Hitrud, the Daughter of Charles Martell.
Tassilo, then still a child, began his rule as a Frankis ...
issued in Bolzano the foundation charter of the
Innichen Abbey
Innichen Abbey (German: ''Stift Innichen'') is a former Benedictine monastery in Innichen, South Tyrol in northern Italy. Founded in the 8th century, its collegiate church dedicated to Saint Candidus, rebuilt in the 12th–13th centuries, is consi ...
.
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
**Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ger ...
populations have been present in the region of
Tyrol
Tyrol (; historically the Tyrole; de-AT, Tirol ; it, Tirolo) is a historical region in the Alps - in Northern Italy and western Austria. The area was historically the core of the County of Tyrol, part of the Holy Roman Empire, Austrian Emp ...
from that period onwards. At around the year 1000, the settlement is called "in Pauzana valle, quae lingua Teutisca Pozana nuncupatur".
Bishopric of Trent
![BozenLaubenGasse](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/BozenLaubenGasse.jpg)
In 1027 the area of Bolzano and the rest of the diocese was conferred, by the
emperor Conrad II
Conrad II ( – 4 June 1039), also known as and , was the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire from 1027 until his death in 1039. The first of a succession of four Salian emperors, who reigned for one century until 1125, Conrad ruled the kingdoms ...
from the
Salian dynasty
The Salian dynasty or Salic dynasty (german: Salier) was a dynasty in the High Middle Ages. The dynasty provided four kings of Germany (1024–1125), all of whom went on to be crowned Holy Roman emperors (1027–1125).
After the death of the la ...
, upon the
bishops of Trent. In the late-12th century, the bishop founded a
market town
A market town is a settlement most common in Europe that obtained by custom or royal charter, in the Middle Ages, a market right, which allowed it to host a regular market; this distinguished it from a village or city. In Britain, small rural ...
, along the ''Lauben'' thoroughfare. The town therefore became an important trading post on the Transalpine
Augsburg
Augsburg (; bar , Augschburg , links=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swabian_German , label=Swabian German, , ) is a city in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany, around west of Bavarian capital Munich. It is a university town and regional seat of the ' ...
-
Venice
Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 ...
route over the
Brenner Pass
The Brenner Pass (german: link=no, Brennerpass , shortly ; it, Passo del Brennero ) is a mountain pass through the Alps which forms the border between Italy and Austria. It is one of the principal passes of the Eastern Alpine range and has ...
, elevation above sea level, within the
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a Polity, political entity in Western Europe, Western, Central Europe, Central, and Southern Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, dissolution i ...
.
County of Tyrol
In 1277 Bolzano was conquered by
Meinhard II
Meinhard II (c. 1238 – 1 November 1295), a member of the House of Gorizia (''Meinhardiner''), ruled the County of Gorizia (as Meinhard IV) and the County of Tyrol together with his younger brother Albert from 1258. In 1271 they divided their he ...
, the Count of Tyrol, leading to a struggle between the
counts of Tyrol
The (Princely) County of Tyrol was an estate of the Holy Roman Empire established about 1140. After 1253, it was ruled by the House of Gorizia and from 1363 by the House of Habsburg. In 1804, the County of Tyrol, unified with the secularised pr ...
and the bishops of Trent. In 1363, the
County of Tyrol
The (Princely) County of Tyrol was an estate of the Holy Roman Empire established about 1140. After 1253, it was ruled by the House of Gorizia and from 1363 by the House of Habsburg. In 1804, the County of Tyrol, unified with the secularised pr ...
passed to the Austrian
House of Habsburg
The House of Habsburg (), alternatively spelled Hapsburg in Englishgerman: Haus Habsburg, ; es, Casa de Habsburgo; hu, Habsburg család, it, Casa di Asburgo, nl, Huis van Habsburg, pl, dom Habsburgów, pt, Casa de Habsburgo, la, Domus Hab ...
. In 1381,
Duke Leopold granted the citizens of Bolzano the privilege of a town council. This gradually eliminated the influence and power previously held by the bishops of Trent over the next few decades. In 1462, the bishops eventually resigned all their rights of jurisdiction over the town.
![Amtsraitung Bozen 1471 Hs 173](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Amtsraitung_Bozen_1471_Hs_173.jpg)
From the 14th and 15th centuries onwards, a large market fair was organised four times per year to greet tradesmen and merchants en-route the Brenner Pass. The Mercantile Magistrate was therefore founded in 1635 by the Austrian duchess
Claudia de' Medici
Claudia de' Medici (4 June 1604 – 25 December 1648) was Regent of the Austrian County of Tyrol during the minority of her son from 1632 until 1646.
She was a daughter of Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany and Christina of Lorraine. ...
. During every market season, two Italian and two Germanic officers, who were appointed among the local tradesmen, worked in this magistrate office. The establishment of an official trade organisation strengthened Bolzano as a cultural crossroad in the Alps.
![Geuter's city plan of Bozen-Bolzano in 1914](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Geuter%27s_city_plan_of_Bozen-Bolzano_in_1914.JPG)
After the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, Bolzano became briefly part of the Napoleonic
Kingdom of Italy
The Kingdom of Italy ( it, Regno d'Italia) was a state that existed from 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Kingdom of Sardinia, Sardinia was proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy, proclaimed King of Italy, until 1946, when civil discontent led to ...
and was incorporated into the ''
Department of Alto Adige
The Department of Alto Adige (Italian and official ''Dipartimento dell'Alto Adige'', french: link=no, département du Haut-Adige, translated into English ''Department of Upper Adige'') was a northern department of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy ...
''. After the
Congress of Vienna (1814-15) Bolzano returned to the
County of Tyrol
The (Princely) County of Tyrol was an estate of the Holy Roman Empire established about 1140. After 1253, it was ruled by the House of Gorizia and from 1363 by the House of Habsburg. In 1804, the County of Tyrol, unified with the secularised pr ...
, within the
Austrian Empire
The Austrian Empire (german: link=no, Kaiserthum Oesterreich, modern spelling , ) was a Central-Eastern European multinational great power from 1804 to 1867, created by proclamation out of the realms of the Habsburgs. During its existence, ...
and subsequently the
Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary in 1867. The County covered both modern-day
South Tyrol
it, Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano – Alto Adige lld, Provinzia Autonoma de Balsan/Bulsan – Südtirol
, settlement_type = Autonomous province
, image_skyline =
, image_alt ...
,
Trentino
Trentino ( lld, Trentin), officially the Autonomous Province of Trento, is an autonomous province of Italy, in the country's far north. The Trentino and South Tyrol constitute the region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, an autonomous region ...
and the federal state of
Tyrol
Tyrol (; historically the Tyrole; de-AT, Tirol ; it, Tirolo) is a historical region in the Alps - in Northern Italy and western Austria. The area was historically the core of the County of Tyrol, part of the Holy Roman Empire, Austrian Emp ...
(including
East Tyrol
East Tyrol, occasionally East Tirol (german: Osttirol), is an exclave of the Austrian state of Tyrol, separated from the main North Tyrol part by the short common border of Salzburg and Italian South Tyrol (''Südtirol'', it, Alto Adige). It is c ...
) in Austria.
In 1915, the
Triple Entente
The Triple Entente (from French '' entente'' meaning "friendship, understanding, agreement") describes the informal understanding between the Russian Empire, the French Third Republic, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland as well a ...
powers promised Italy territorial gains if she would enter the
First World War
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
on the side of the Entente instead of siding with the
German Empire
The German Empire (),Herbert Tuttle wrote in September 1881 that the term "Reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people. The term literally denotes an empire – particularly a hereditary ...
and
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...
. When Italy abandoned the
Triple Alliance (1882)
The Triple Alliance was a military alliance between German Empire, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Kingdom of Italy, Italy. It was formed on 20 May 1882 and renewed periodically until it expired in 1915 during Diplomatic history of World War I, ...
, the Entente offered her territorial promises in
Tyrol
Tyrol (; historically the Tyrole; de-AT, Tirol ; it, Tirolo) is a historical region in the Alps - in Northern Italy and western Austria. The area was historically the core of the County of Tyrol, part of the Holy Roman Empire, Austrian Emp ...
and
Istria
Istria ( ; Croatian language, Croatian and Slovene language, Slovene: ; ist, Eîstria; Istro-Romanian language, Istro-Romanian, Italian language, Italian and Venetian language, Venetian: ; formerly in Latin and in Ancient Greek) is the larges ...
. This secret arrangement was confirmed in the
Treaty of London (1915)
The Treaty of London ( it, Trattato di Londra) or the Pact of London () was a secret agreement concluded on 26 April 1915 by the United Kingdom, France, and Russia on the one part, and Italy on the other, in order to entice the latter to enter ...
.
After Italy declared war on Austria-Hungary on May 24, 1915, heavy fighting took place all along Tyrol's southern border for the entire duration of the conflict. For the next years Tyrol's southern border became the front line between Austro-Hungarian and Italian troops. Tyrol's south frontier was - and still is - dotted with tens of defensive fortresses that had been built in view of a possible Italian attack. Losses on both sides amount to several thousands. During World War I, tens of thousands of civilians living along Tyrol's southern border were evacuated to either of the two countries, the majority to Bohemian and inner Austrian areas, and some to Italian internment camps, away from the front line.
Part of Italy
On November 3, 1918, the armistice of Villa Giusti, near Padova ended military operations between Italy and Austria-Hungary. Subsequently, Italian troops entered Tyrol and occupied the Austrian areas south of the Brenner Pass. Italian control of
South Tyrol
it, Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano – Alto Adige lld, Provinzia Autonoma de Balsan/Bulsan – Südtirol
, settlement_type = Autonomous province
, image_skyline =
, image_alt ...
was internationally recognized in 1919. At the time of Bolzano's annexation by the
Kingdom of Italy
The Kingdom of Italy ( it, Regno d'Italia) was a state that existed from 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Kingdom of Sardinia, Sardinia was proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy, proclaimed King of Italy, until 1946, when civil discontent led to ...
the town was settled primarily by a German-speaking population. As of 1910, 29,000 inhabitants identified themselves as German speakers and only 1,300 as Italian speakers, these latter ones mainly from the Italian speaking areas of Tyrol, namely Welschtirol, currently known as Trentino.
[City of Bolzano publication](_blank)
![Bolzano, monumento alla vittoria (13995) 01](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Bolzano%2C_monumento_alla_vittoria_%2813995%29_01.jpg)
Along with the rest of South Tyrol, Bolzano was subjected to an intensive
Italianisation programme enforced by Fascist leader
Benito Mussolini
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (; 29 July 188328 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who founded and led the National Fascist Party. He was Prime Minister of Italy from the March on Rome in 1922 until his deposition in 194 ...
from the 1920s onwards to September 8, 1943, when Italy left the military alliance with Nazi-Germany and South Tyrol fell under direct German control. The goal of such programme was to outnumber the local German-speaking population by tripling Bolzano's population through Italian immigration from other regions of Italy.
In 1927 Bolzano became the capital of the province of Bolzano. Any reference to and use of the words Tyrol and Tyrolean were banned by law and were punishable offences. In 1933,
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Nazi Germany, Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his death in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the le ...
came to power in the
Weimar Republic
The Weimar Republic (german: link=no, Weimarer Republik ), officially named the German Reich, was the government of Germany from 1918 to 1933, during which it was a constitutional federal republic for the first time in history; hence it is al ...
. Mussolini and the Fascists worried that Hitler, in pursuing his ideology of ''all ethnic Germans under one Reich'', would claim South Tyrol from Italy. To avoid such prospect, in 1939 Mussolini and Hitler signed the
Option Agreement
An option contract, or simply option, is defined as "a promise which meets the requirements for the formation of a contract and limits the promisor's power to revoke an offer". Option contracts are common in professional sports.
An option contrac ...
, by which Germany would renounce territorial claims over South Tyrol as Germany's ''Lebensraum'' (living space). Furthermore, ethnic South-Tyroleans who had opted to stay in South Tyrol and refused resettlement to the
Third Reich
Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...
were subjected to full-scale Italianisation, including loss of their German names and national identity, prohibition of schooling in German and use of German for their daily transactions.
Second World War
During the
Second World War
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, Bolzano was the site of the
Nazi
Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in ...
's
Bolzano Transit Camp
, known for =
, location = Bolzano, Operationszone Alpenvorland
, coordinates =
, built by =
, operated by = SS
, commandant = Wilhelm Harster Karl Friedrich Titho
, original use ...
, a
concentration camp
Internment is the imprisonment of people, commonly in large groups, without charges or intent to file charges. The term is especially used for the confinement "of enemy citizens in wartime or of terrorism suspects". Thus, while it can simply ...
for persecuted
Jew
Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""Th ...
s and political prisoners. Members of the Jewish population of Bolzano were deported to the death camps in Nazi Germany and murdered there. When Italy
surrendered
Surrender, in military terms, is the relinquishment of control over territory, combatants, fortifications, ships or armament to another power. A surrender may be accomplished peacefully or it may be the result of defeat in battle. A sovereign ...
in September 1943, the whole of South Tyrol as well as
Belluno
Belluno (; lld, Belum; vec, Belùn) is a town and province in the Veneto region of northern Italy. Located about north of Venice, Belluno is the capital of the province of Belluno and the most important city in the Eastern Dolomites region ...
were ''de facto'' administered by the Nazis as
Operational Zone of the Alpine Foothills
The Operational Zone of the Alpine Foothills (german: Operationszone Alpenvorland (OZAV); it, Zona d'operazione delle Prealpi) was a Nazi German occupation zone in the sub-Alpine area in Italy during World War II.
Origin and geography
OZAV was ...
. After 1943, heavy fighting between Nazi Germany and the Allied Powers took place in the
Dolomites
The Dolomites ( it, Dolomiti ; Ladin: ''Dolomites''; german: Dolomiten ; vec, Dołomiti : fur, Dolomitis), also known as the Dolomite Mountains, Dolomite Alps or Dolomitic Alps, are a mountain range located in northeastern Italy. They form par ...
.
Capital of an autonomous province
After the War, the
Gruber-De Gasperi Agreement of September 1946 was signed by the Italian and Austrian Foreign Ministers in Paris, guaranteeing "complete equality of rights" (including education and use of German as an official language) as well as "autonomous legislative and executive regional power" to the German-speaking population in South Tyrol and Trentino.
Because the implementation of the post-war agreement was not seen as satisfactory by the Austrian government (the autonomous province of 1947
included Trentino and therefore had an Italian-speaking majority), it became a cause of significant friction with Italy and was brought to the
General Assembly of the United Nations
The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA or GA; french: link=no, Assemblée générale, AG) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN), serving as the main deliberative, policymaking, and representative organ of the UN. Curr ...
in 1960, which called for a resolution of the issue. A fresh round of negotiations took place in 1961 but proved unsuccessful, partly because of the campaign of terrorism by
South Tyrolean Liberation Committee
The South Tyrolean Liberation Committee (german: Befreiungsausschuss Südtirol, abbreviated ''BAS'') was an underground secessionist and terrorist organisation founded by Sepp Kerschbaumer and several combatants including Georg Klotz in the mid-195 ...
– a secessionist movement – against Italian police and electric power structures (one notable incident being the
Night of Fire
The Night of fire (german: Feuernacht; it, Notte dei fuochi) happened on the night of 12 June 1961 when 37 electricity pylons were blown up in South Tyrol by the South Tyrolean Liberation Committee. It formed a turning point in the history of th ...
on 12 June 1961).
The issue was resolved in 1971, when a new statute of autonomy for the smaller, majority German-speaking province
Bozen – Südtirol/Bolzano – Alto Adige, which was supported by the German-speaking population of South Tyrol, was granted by Italy. It resulted in a considerable level of self-government,
also due to the large financial resources of South Tyrol, which retains almost 90% of all levied taxes. The agreement was implemented and proved broadly satisfactory to the parties involved and the separatist tensions soon eased. In 1992, Austria and Italy officially ended their dispute over the autonomy issue on the basis of the statute of 1972.
Economy and Research
Economy
The city thrives on a mix of old and new high-quality intensive
agriculture
Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to ...
(including
wine
Wine is an alcoholic drink typically made from fermented grapes. Yeast consumes the sugar in the grapes and converts it to ethanol and carbon dioxide, releasing heat in the process. Different varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts are m ...
,
fruit
In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants that is formed from the ovary after flowering.
Fruits are the means by which flowering plants (also known as angiosperms) disseminate their seeds. Edible fruits in particu ...
, and
dairy product
Dairy products or milk products, also known as lacticinia, are food products made from (or containing) milk. The most common dairy animals are cow, water buffalo, nanny goat, and ewe. Dairy products include common grocery store food items in th ...
s),
tourism
Tourism is travel for pleasure or business; also the theory and practice of touring (disambiguation), touring, the business of attracting, accommodating, and entertaining tourists, and the business of operating tour (disambiguation), tours. Th ...
, traditional
handicraft
A handicraft, sometimes more precisely expressed as artisanal handicraft or handmade, is any of a wide variety of types of work where useful and decorative objects are made completely by one’s hand or by using only simple, non-automated re ...
(wood, ceramics), and advanced
services
Service may refer to:
Activities
* Administrative service, a required part of the workload of university faculty
* Civil service, the body of employees of a government
* Community service, volunteer service for the benefit of a community or a pu ...
.
Heavy industry
Heavy industry is an industry that involves one or more characteristics such as large and heavy products; large and heavy equipment and facilities (such as heavy equipment, large machine tools, huge buildings and large-scale infrastructure); o ...
(machinery, automotive, and steel) installed during the 1930s has now been mostly dismantled. The local economy is very dependent on the
public sector
The public sector, also called the state sector, is the part of the economy composed of both public services and public enterprises. Public sectors include the public goods and governmental services such as the military, law enforcement, infra ...
and especially the provincial government.
Bolzano is the biggest city in South Tyrol, which is an autonomous province in Northern Italy with a special statute. This statute preserves the rights of the German-speaking minority in Italy. This unique system was admired by the
Dalai Lama
Dalai Lama (, ; ) is a title given by the Tibetan people to the foremost spiritual leader of the Gelug or "Yellow Hat" school of Tibetan Buddhism, the newest and most dominant of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism. The 14th and current Dal ...
, who visited the city on several occasions to study a possible application in
Tibet
Tibet (; ''Böd''; ) is a region in East Asia, covering much of the Tibetan Plateau and spanning about . It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people. Also resident on the plateau are some other ethnic groups such as Monpa people, ...
. It has also been presented as role model for the successful and fair resolution of inter-ethnic conflict to other regions of the world.
Exhibition Bolzano
![Messe Bozen-Messegelände](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Messe_Bozen-Messegel%C3%A4nde.jpg)
The tradeshows and conferences of the
exhibition
An exhibition, in the most general sense, is an organized presentation and display of a selection of items. In practice, exhibitions usually occur within a cultural or educational setting such as a museum, art gallery, park, library, exhibition ...
are concentrated on topics relating to the economies of Alpine countries. There is thus a great focus on tradeshow subjects within the economic competence of South Tyrol and Trentino. The main focuses of dining and leisure time, sports, agriculture, and specific Alpine industries attract an annual total of over 3,000 exhibitors and over 230,000 visitors from all over Europe.
Italian German Business Forum Bozen-Bolzano
Since 2011, the city hosts the Italo-Germanic Business Forum, which brings together the leaders of the Italian and German economies –
Confindustria
The General Confederation of Italian Industry ( it, Confederazione generale dell'industria italiana), commonly known as Confindustria, is the Italy, Italian employers' federation and national chamber of commerce, founded in 1910. It groups togeth ...
and the
Bundesverband der Deutschen Industrie
The Bundesverband der Deutschen Industrie (BDI), Federation of German Industries e. V. is the leading organization of German industry and industry-related service providers. It represents 39 industry associations and more than 100,000 companies wi ...
– in the Mercantile Palace to address issues related to the international crisis.
Companies
![Oberalp Headquarters in Bozen](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Oberalp_Headquarters_in_Bozen.jpg)
Large companies in Bolzano are:
* THUN AG
* FERCAM AG
*
Spar (retailer)
SPAR, originally DESPAR, styled as DE SPAR, is a Dutch multinational that provides branding, supplies and support services for independently owned and operated food retail stores. It was founded in the Netherlands in 1932, by Adriaan van Well, ...
Italia SPA
*
Acciaierie Valbruna SPA
*
Iveco
IVECO, an acronym for Industrial Vehicles Corporation, is an Italian multinational transport vehicle manufacturing company. It designs and builds light, medium, and heavy commercial vehicles. The name IVECO first appeared in 1975 after a merger o ...
SPA
* Oberalp AG
* Alperia AG
Research
NOI Techpark
NOI Techpark
NOI Techpark is the science and technology park of South Tyrol that hosts 4 research institutes ( Fraunhofer Italia, Eurac Research, ClimateHouse and Research Centre Laimburg), 4 Faculties of the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 40 scientific la ...
is on a 12-hectare (30 acre) site in the south of Bolzano, on premises formerly home to aluminium works.
The "Nature of Innovation" concept contains: innovation imitating nature. This concept that NOI Techpark is based on, where research institutes, companies and start-ups from South Tyrol and all over the globe will work together to prepare the ground for a sustainable development.
Working with representatives from South Tyrol's business and research communities, BLS and TIS innovation park have developed the park's "Nature of Innovation" positioning title, the initials of which give the park its name: NOI. The name reflects two meanings in South Tyrol: depending on how you want to pronounce it, NOI can either sound like the Italian word for "we" or the South Tyrolean dialect word for "new".
A special focus lies on those fields:
* Alpine Technology
* Renewable Energies and Energy Efficiency
* Food Technology
* ICT & Automation
Free University of Bolzano-Bozen
The
Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, founded in October 1997, is actively involved in basic and applied research projects through its five faculties, of which four are located in Bolzano. The university is engaged in a multitude of scientific and technological areas, in addition to different disciplines belonging to
Humanities
Humanities are academic disciplines that study aspects of human society and culture. In the Renaissance, the term contrasted with divinity and referred to what is now called classics, the main area of secular study in universities at the t ...
.
Eurac Research
The
Eurac Research
Eurac Research is a private research center headquartered in Bolzano, South Tyrol. The center has eleven institutes and five centers. Eurac Research has more than 800 partners spread across 56 countries. Eurac Research collaborates with internatio ...
is a private research center headquartered in Bolzano. The research facility was founded in 1992 and initially had 12 employees. Meanwhile, the Center for Applied Research has more than 300 employees. The topics of this institution include, for example, "Liveable Regions", "Diversity as Added Value" and "Healthy Society". The research has focused more on the Alpine region. Since 2002, the site has been located on Drusus Street, in the former fascist "GIL" building, which was then extensively renovated and integrated with modern buildings. In 2018, the research facility will lead the terraXcube in the NOI Techpark Bolzano. The terraXcube is a research infrastructure that can simulate the most extreme climatic conditions on earth. Air pressure, humidity and solar radiation can be simulated and changed simultaneously in one room. The aim is to investigate how humans react to extreme climatic conditions. Even machines can be tested in this simulator.
Fraunhofer Italia
Fraunhofer Italia is a subsidiary of
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft
The Fraunhofer Society (german: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., lit=Fraunhofer Society for the Advancement of Applied Research) is a German research organization with 76institutes spread throughout Germany ...
and is headquartered in Bolzano. The company was founded in 2009 and since then specializes in areas such as "Automation and Mechatronic Engineering" and "Process Engineering in Construction". The Organization for Applied Research seeks to help small and medium-sized enterprises in the region through charitable research. Since 2017, the research facility has been based in the Technology Park in Bolzano South.
Politics
City Council
![Piazza Municipio Bolzano](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Piazza_Municipio_Bolzano.jpg)
The last municipal elections were held in the year 2020. Of the 45 seats, 9 different parties were elected to the city council. The
Partito Democratico
The Democratic Party ( it, Partito Democratico , PD) is a social-democratic political party in Italy. The party's secretary is Enrico Letta, who was elected by the national assembly in March 2021, after the resignation of the former leader Nicol ...
(PD), the
Südtiroler Volkspartei
The South Tyrolean People's Party (german: Südtiroler Volkspartei, SVP) is a regionalist and autonomist political party in South Tyrol, an autonomous province with a German-speaking majority in northern Italy.
Founded on 8 May 1945, the SVP h ...
(SVP) and the
Lega Nord
Lega Nord (; acronym: LN), whose complete name is (), is a right-wing, federalist, populist and conservative political party in Italy. In the run-up of the 2018 general election, the party was rebranded as (), without changing its official n ...
(LN) won 7 seats each.
Mayors
This table shows the mayors of the city of Bolzano after 1945. All mayors within this list belong to the Italian language group. So far, the last mayor of the German language group in Bolzano was
Julius Perathoner
Julius Perathoner (Dietenheim (Bruneck), February 28, 1849 – Bolzano, April 17, 1926) was an Austro-Hungarian politician who became an Italian citizen after the Treaty of Saint-Germain. He was one of the most important exponents of the Liberal P ...
from 1895 to 1922 and was replaced by the
march on Bolzano
March is the third month of the year in both the Julian calendar, Julian and Gregorian calendars. It is the second of seven months to have a length of 31 days. In the Northern Hemisphere, the Meteorology, meteorological beginning of Spring (se ...
by the fascists.
Euroregion Tyrol-South Tyrol-Trentino
In 1996, the European Union approved further cultural and economic integration between the Austrian province of
Tyrol
Tyrol (; historically the Tyrole; de-AT, Tirol ; it, Tirolo) is a historical region in the Alps - in Northern Italy and western Austria. The area was historically the core of the County of Tyrol, part of the Holy Roman Empire, Austrian Emp ...
and the Italian autonomous provinces of South Tyrol and
Trentino
Trentino ( lld, Trentin), officially the Autonomous Province of Trento, is an autonomous province of Italy, in the country's far north. The Trentino and South Tyrol constitute the region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, an autonomous region ...
by recognizing the creation of the
Euroregion Tyrol-South Tyrol-Trentino
In European politics, the term Euroregion usually refers to a transnational co-operation structure between two (or more) contiguous territories located in different European countries. Euroregions represent a specific type of cross-border region. ...
.
Main sights
![Fassade finanzamt bozen 2018](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Fassade_finanzamt_bozen_2018.jpg)
Its medieval city centre,
Gothic
Gothic or Gothics may refer to:
People and languages
*Goths or Gothic people, the ethnonym of a group of East Germanic tribes
**Gothic language, an extinct East Germanic language spoken by the Goths
**Crimean Gothic, the Gothic language spoken b ...
and
Romanesque churches and bilingual signage give it the flavour of a city at the crossroads of Italian and Austrian cultures. This and its natural and cultural attractions make it a popular tourist destination.
Among the major monuments and sights are:
* the ''Walther Square'', with a statue of
Walther von der Vogelweide
Walther von der Vogelweide (c. 1170c. 1230) was a Minnesänger who composed and performed love-songs and political songs (" Sprüche") in Middle High German. Walther has been described as the greatest German lyrical poet before Goethe; his hundr ...
, a German minstrel (''
minnesinger
(; "love song") was a tradition of lyric- and song-writing in Germany and Austria that flourished in the Middle High German period. This period of medieval German literature began in the 12th century and continued into the 14th. People who wr ...
'')
* the ''Laubengasse'' or ''Via dei Portici'', a street long, in the city centre with medieval carcades along its entire course, now housing countless high-street shops
* the
South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology
South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology (german: Südtiroler Archäologiemuseum; it, Museo archeologico dell'Alto Adige) is an archaeological museum in the city of Bolzano, South Tyrol, Italy. It is the home of the preserved body of Ötzi the Iceman.
...
, which has the mummy of
Ötzi the Iceman
Ötzi, also called the Iceman, is the natural mummy of a man who lived some time between 3350 and 3105 BC, discovered in September 1991 in the Ötztal Alps (hence the nickname "Ötzi") on the border between Austria and Italy.
Ötzi is believed to ...
* the
Museion
The Musaeum or Mouseion of Alexandria ( grc, Μουσεῖον τῆς Ἀλεξανδρείας; ), which arguably included the Great Library of Alexandria
The Great Library of Alexandria in Alexandria, Egypt, was one of the largest and mo ...
, the Museum of modern and contemporary art of Bolzano
* the Gothic Cathedral, started in 1184, expanded in the 14th century by architects
Martin Martin may refer to:
Places
* Martin City (disambiguation)
* Martin County (disambiguation)
* Martin Township (disambiguation)
Antarctica
* Martin Peninsula, Marie Byrd Land
* Port Martin, Adelie Land
* Point Martin, South Orkney Islands
Austral ...
and
Peter Schiche and completed in the early 16th century by Hans Lutz von
Schussenried
* the
Old Parish Church of Gries
The Old Parish Church of Gries (german: Alte Pfarrkirche Gries; it, Vecchia Parrocchiale di Gries; also known as Our Lady's Church) was until 1788 the parish church of the formerly independent municipality of Gries, which today forms part of the ...
, with an altarpiece by
Michael Pacher
Michael Pacher ( 1435 – August 1498) was a painter and sculptor from Tyrol active during the second half of the fifteenth century. He was one of the earliest artists to introduce the principles of Renaissance painting into Germany. Pacher was a ...
* the
benedictine
, image = Medalla San Benito.PNG
, caption = Design on the obverse side of the Saint Benedict Medal
, abbreviation = OSB
, formation =
, motto = (English: 'Pray and Work')
, foun ...
monastery of
Muri-Gries, with baroque paintings by
Martin Knoller
Martin Knoller (18 November 1725 – 24 July 1804) was an Austrian-Italian painter active in Italy who is remembered for his fresco work.
Biography
Born in Steinach am Brenner near the Austrian city of Innsbruck, Knoller studied under Paul Tr ...
* the
Chiesa dei Domenicani
The Chiesa dei Domenicani (German: ''Dominikanerkirche'') is a medieval church in Bolzano/Bozen, South Tyrol, northern Italy.
The church, one of the earliest examples of Gothic architecture in Tyrol, was founded by the Dominicans after their arr ...
/Dominikanerkirche (13th century), with a series of 14th-century Gothic paintings
* various castles, including ''
Castle Maretsch'', ''
Runkelstein Castle
Runkelstein Castle (german: link=no, Schloss Runkelstein; it, Castel Roncolo) is a medieval fortification on a rocky spur in the territory of Ritten, near the city of Bolzano in South Tyrol, Italy. In 1237 Alderich Prince-Bishop of Trent gave th ...
'' and ''
Firmian/Sigmundskron Castle''
* ''
Victory Monument'', a triumphal arch built on the order of
Benito Mussolini
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (; 29 July 188328 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who founded and led the National Fascist Party. He was Prime Minister of Italy from the March on Rome in 1922 until his deposition in 194 ...
in 1928, site of a permanent exhibition on the regional history in the context of the two dictatorships of the Italian
Fascism
Fascism is a far-right, authoritarian, ultra-nationalist political ideology and movement,: "extreme militaristic nationalism, contempt for electoral democracy and political and cultural liberalism, a belief in natural social hierarchy an ...
and the German
Nazism
Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Na ...
* the former
Casa del Fascio
A ''casa del Fascio'', ''casa Littoria'', or ''casa del Littorio'' () was a building housing the local branch of the National Fascist Party and later the Republican Fascist Party under the regime of Italian Fascism, in Italy and its colonies. ...
, recontextualized in 2017
*
Messner Mountain Museum
The Messner Mountain Museum (MMM) is a museum project created in 2006 by Italian mountaineer and extreme climber Reinhold Messner in South Tyrol in northern Italy. Messner's museum project is designed to educate visitors on "man's encounter with mo ...
of
Reinhold Messner
Reinhold Andreas Messner (; born 17 September 1944) is an Italian mountaineer, explorer, and author from South Tyrol. He made the first solo ascent of Mount Everest and, along with Peter Habeler, the first ascent of Everest without supplemental ...
For more historical and geographical information see
South Tyrol
it, Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano – Alto Adige lld, Provinzia Autonoma de Balsan/Bulsan – Südtirol
, settlement_type = Autonomous province
, image_skyline =
, image_alt ...
.
Gallery
File:Chiostro Francescani Bolzano.jpg, Franciscan Friary, Bolzano
The Franciscan Friary, Bolzano (german: Franziskanerkloster, Bozen; it, Convento dei Francescani, Bolzano) is a Franciscan friary in the city of Bolzano, in South Tyrol, northern Italy. It was founded in 1221, less than a century after Bolzano w ...
File:Sparkassenstraße cropped.jpg, Sparkassenstraße
File:Kornplatz Bozen 2015.jpg, Kornplatz
File:Via goethe, bolzano.JPG, Obstplatz
File:Kloster und Stiftskirche Muri-Gires in Bozen Südtirol.JPG, Muri-Gries
File:Bozen Waltherplatz.jpg, Statue of Walther von der Vogelweide
Walther von der Vogelweide (c. 1170c. 1230) was a Minnesänger who composed and performed love-songs and political songs (" Sprüche") in Middle High German. Walther has been described as the greatest German lyrical poet before Goethe; his hundr ...
File:St-magdalena st-justina-rosengarten.jpg, St. Magdalena with the Rosengarten group
The Rosengarten group ( it, Catinaccio , Ladin: ''Ciadenac'', ''Ciadenáze'') is a massif in the Dolomites of northern Italy. It is located between the Tierser Tal and Eggental in South Tyrol and the Fassa Valley in Trentino.
One peculiarity of ...
Culture
Museums
![MuseionBolzano](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/MuseionBolzano.jpg)
*
South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology
South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology (german: Südtiroler Archäologiemuseum; it, Museo archeologico dell'Alto Adige) is an archaeological museum in the city of Bolzano, South Tyrol, Italy. It is the home of the preserved body of Ötzi the Iceman.
...
, is the exhibition location of the
Ötzi
Ötzi, also called the Iceman, is the natural mummy of a man who lived some time between 3350 and 3105 BC, discovered in September 1991 in the Ötztal Alps (hence the nickname "Ötzi") on the border between Austria and Italy.
Ötzi is believed to ...
. The museum also exhibits other archaeological finds from the South Tyrolean region. Due to the Ötzi, it is one of the leading archaeological museums in Italy.
*
Runkelstein Castle
Runkelstein Castle (german: link=no, Schloss Runkelstein; it, Castel Roncolo) is a medieval fortification on a rocky spur in the territory of Ritten, near the city of Bolzano in South Tyrol, Italy. In 1237 Alderich Prince-Bishop of Trent gave th ...
, was built in 1237 by the brothers Friedrich and Beral von Wangen. The castle became known for its extensive and profane
fresco
Fresco (plural ''frescos'' or ''frescoes'') is a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly laid ("wet") lime plaster. Water is used as the vehicle for the dry-powder pigment to merge with the plaster, and with the setting of the plaste ...
cycle from the
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire a ...
.
*
Bolzano City Museum; The collections of the museum include works of art as paintings, sculptures,
altars
An altar is a table or platform for the presentation of religious offerings, for sacrifices, or for other ritualistic purposes. Altars are found at shrines, temples, churches, and other places of worship. They are used particularly in paganism, ...
and folklore objects of daily life from all over
South Tyrol
it, Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano – Alto Adige lld, Provinzia Autonoma de Balsan/Bulsan – Südtirol
, settlement_type = Autonomous province
, image_skyline =
, image_alt ...
. The access to the museum is limited and only a part of the valuable collection is visible. The museum, built in 1905, is in the planning stage for an extension that would be fully accessible.
*
Nature Museum South Tyrol, is dedicated to areas such as geology, flora and fauna. The exhibition shows the emergence of South Tyrolean landscapes, for example the
Dolomites
The Dolomites ( it, Dolomiti ; Ladin: ''Dolomites''; german: Dolomiten ; vec, Dołomiti : fur, Dolomitis), also known as the Dolomite Mountains, Dolomite Alps or Dolomitic Alps, are a mountain range located in northeastern Italy. They form par ...
, and natural science collections from the South Tyrolean region.
*
Museion
The Musaeum or Mouseion of Alexandria ( grc, Μουσεῖον τῆς Ἀλεξανδρείας; ), which arguably included the Great Library of Alexandria
The Great Library of Alexandria in Alexandria, Egypt, was one of the largest and mo ...
, is a museum of Modern and Contemporary Art. The museum was founded in 1985 and today, since 2008, has its headquarters on "Talferwiesen". The modern cube, including bridges, was planned by the architects' office "Krüger, Schubert, Vandreike (KSV)".
*
Mercantile Museum of Bolzano
Trade involves the transfer of goods and services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. Economists refer to a system or network that allows trade as a market.
An early form of trade, barter, saw the direct exchan ...
, tells about the economic history of Bolzano and its importance in Central Europe as a bridge between North and South. The museum used to be the seat of the former
Mercantile Magistrate. It also documents the trade fairs and their significance for the trading city.
*
Bolzano School Museum
Bolzano ( or ; german: Bozen, (formerly ); bar, Bozn; lld, Balsan or ) is the capital city of the province of South Tyrol in northern Italy. With a population of 108,245, Bolzano is also by far the largest city in South Tyrol and the third la ...
, reports about the development of the school in South Tyrol since the introduction of the compulsory education of Empress
Maria Theresia
Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina (german: Maria Theresia; 13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was ruler of the Habsburg dominions from 1740 until her death in 1780, and the only woman to hold the position ''suo jure'' (in her own right). ...
in the year 1774. Special features of this museum are, among other things, the presentation of the
catacomb schools and the documentation about the Jewish school home near
Merano
Merano (, , ) or Meran () is a city and ''comune'' in South Tyrol, northern Italy. Generally best known for its spa resorts, it is located within a basin, surrounded by mountains standing up to above sea level, at the entrance to the Passeier V ...
.
*
Bolzano Cathedral Treasury, was founded in 2007 and has its seat near the
Cathedral of Bolzano
A cathedral is a church (building), church that contains the ''cathedra'' () of a bishop, thus serving as the central church of a diocese, Annual conferences within Methodism, conference, or episcopate. Churches with the function of "cathedral ...
. The museum shows
sacred art
Religious art is artistic imagery using religious inspiration and motifs and is often intended to uplift the mind to the spiritual. Sacred art involves the ritual and cultic practices and practical and operative aspects of the path of the spiritu ...
such as church treasures, 18th-century paintings and goldsmithing.
*
MMM Firmian, is one of six locations of the museum project of mountaineer
Reinhold Messner
Reinhold Andreas Messner (; born 17 September 1944) is an Italian mountaineer, explorer, and author from South Tyrol. He made the first solo ascent of Mount Everest and, along with Peter Habeler, the first ascent of Everest without supplemental ...
. The MMM Firmian is located at
Sigmundskron Castle
Sigmundskron Castle (german: Schloss Sigmundskron, it, Castel Firmiano) is an extensive castle and set of fortifications near Bolzano in South Tyrol. Today its ruins house the fourth mountain museum established by the South Tyrolean mountaineer, R ...
and is also the headquarters of the project. Themes of this museum are the history of mountaineering and the art of mountaineering. It shows the connection between the people and the mountains. Additionally, Reinhold Messner's experiences, collections and memories of the expeditions will be exhibited.
*
Semi-rural House, was one of many houses built in the Semi-rural zone during the 1930s for industrial workers. It documents the development of this district at that time until the 1980s.
* Documentation Center "BZ '18–'45: one monument, one city, two dictatorships",
Victory Monument. The museum is located below the Victory Monument and documents the time of the population of Bolzano and South Tyrol during the
Italian fascism and after 1943 the German
National Socialism
Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right politics, far-right Totalitarianism, totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hit ...
. It is the first museum in Italy to work on the fascism under Benito Mussolini. In 2016, the Museum received a lot of recognition from the jury of the
European Museum of the Year Award
The European Museum of the Year Award (EMYA) is presented each year by the European Museum Forum ( EMF) under the auspices of the Council of Europe. The EMYA is considered the most important annual award in the European museum sector.
History
...
for exhibiting this sensitive topic.
* Pons Drusi Museum, located in the retirement home "Grieserhof" and showing archaeological remains such as frescoes and vases from Roman antiquity. The remaining walls indicate a former temple complex and a building with a pillared hall. Several objects from the first century AD were found, showing the life of the Romans in Gries-Bolzano at that time.
Libraries and Archives
*
Tessmann Library Tessmann is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
*Bernhard Tessmann (1912–1998), German scientist
*Brad Tessmann (born 1960), Australian rugby league player
*Heath Tessmann (born 1984), Australian rugby union player
*Tanner Tessman ...
*
University Library of Bozen-Bolzano
A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, t ...
*
South Tyrolean Provincial Archives
South is one of the cardinal directions or compass points. The direction is the opposite of north and is perpendicular to both east and west.
Etymology
The word ''south'' comes from Old English ''sūþ'', from earlier Proto-Germanic ''*sunþaz ...
*
Civic Archives in Bozen-Bolzano
The Civic Archives in Bozen-Bolzano (German: ''Stadtarchiv Bozen''; Italian: ''Archivio Storico della Città di Bolzano'') are the municipal archive of the city of Bolzano in South Tyrol, Italy. They are located in the old town hall and store docum ...
Cinema and Theatre
![Teatro Comunale Bolzano](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Teatro_Comunale_Bolzano.jpg)
* Bolzano Civic Theatre - Stadttheater Bozen; the new city theater was opened in 1999 according to the plans of the architect
Marco Zanuso
Marco Zanuso (14 May 1916 – 11 July 2001) was a leading Italian Modernist architect and designer.
Early life
Marco Zanuso was born in Milan (Italy) 14 May 1916. He was one of a group of Italian designers from Milan shaping the internat ...
. For a long time, the city had no city theater because the old one was destroyed in World War II. It is the seat of the United Stages Bolzano (VBB) and has 2 halls. The theater features performances in Italian and German.
*
Concert Hall Bolzano
A concert is a live music performance in front of an audience. The performance may be by a single musician, sometimes then called a recital, or by a musical ensemble, such as an orchestra, choir, or band. Concerts are held in a wide variety ...
, was also opened in 1999 and is the seat of the
Haydn Orchestra of Bolzano and Trento
Franz Joseph Haydn ( , ; 31 March 173231 May 1809) was an Austrian composer of the Classical period. He was instrumental in the development of chamber music such as the string quartet and piano trio. His contributions to musical form have led ...
. Every two years the famous
Ferruccio Busoni International Piano Competition
The Ferruccio Busoni International Piano Competition is a music competition for young pianists that takes place in Bolzano, Italy. It was founded in 1949 by Cesare Nordio in memory of the pianist and composer Ferruccio Busoni.
History
The fir ...
is held in the auditorium.
* Haus der Kultur
Walther von der Vogelweide
Walther von der Vogelweide (c. 1170c. 1230) was a Minnesänger who composed and performed love-songs and political songs (" Sprüche") in Middle High German. Walther has been described as the greatest German lyrical poet before Goethe; his hundr ...
(Culture house Walther von der Vogelweide), is a theater that presents a majority of performances in German. It is located in the center of the city and can accommodate about 500 people.
* Teatro Cristallo, is located outside the center in Dalmatienstreet. Most of the performances are presented in Italian.
* Stadttheater Gries (City theater Gries), located in the district of Gries-Quirein and can accommodate 371 people. Performances are presented in German and Italian.
* Theater im Hof (Theatre in the courtyard), is located on Obstplatz and dedicated to the children and youth theater. An additional focus of the small theater is the topic of "women in and at the theater".
* Carambolage; in this venue improvisational theater and other forms of
cabaret
Cabaret is a form of theatrical entertainment featuring music, song, dance, recitation, or drama. The performance venue might be a pub, a casino, a hotel, a restaurant, or a nightclub with a stage for performances. The audience, often dining or d ...
are offered. It is located in the center of the city.
* Batzen Sudwerk; below the 600-year-old brewery is a cultural workshop in the basement. There are offered often performances in the form of
cabaret
Cabaret is a form of theatrical entertainment featuring music, song, dance, recitation, or drama. The performance venue might be a pub, a casino, a hotel, a restaurant, or a nightclub with a stage for performances. The audience, often dining or d ...
.
* Teatro Cinema Rainerum; at the Rainerum Institute in the Don Bosco district there is a theater for about 400 people.
*
Filmclub Bolzano
Filmclub is an education charity that sets up film clubs in schools and other education and care establishments in England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and the Isle of Man. The scheme is free to all state primary and secondary schools in ...
(Movie club Bolzano), is a cinema with 3 rooms and also shows several films of regional directors and actors. The Filmclub is also the venue of the
Bolzano Filmfestival
Bolzano ( or ; german: Bozen, (formerly ); bar, Bozn; lld, Balsan or ) is the capital city of the province of South Tyrol in northern Italy. With a population of 108,245, Bolzano is also by far the largest city in South Tyrol and the third la ...
. The cinema is located in the old town of Bolzano.
*
Cineplexx, was opened in 2009 and offers a majority of films in German. In addition to films in German and Italian, other films are also available in English. The cinema has 7 rooms.
*
UCI Cinema
UCI Cinemas (''United Cinemas International'') is a brand of cinema, currently operating in Germany, Italy, Portugal, and Brazil, which has been owned since 2004 by Odeon Cinemas Group, whose owner is now AMC Theatres, except for the UCI Cinemas ...
, opened in 2015 and is located in the shopping center "Twenty". Most of the 6 halls offer films in Italian. Also in this cinema are occasionally shown films in English and German.
Cultural events
Bolzano organizes the following events every year:
* Südtirol JazzFestival, is a festival that not only takes place in Bolzano but is also performed all over South Tyrol. The jazz festival lasts up to 10 days and performs 90 concerts in 50 different locations with over 150 jazz musicians. International jazz musicians such as
Don Cherry
Donald Stewart Cherry (born February 5, 1934) is a Canadian former ice hockey player, coach, and television commentator. Cherry played one game in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Boston Bruins, and later coached the team for five se ...
,
Randy Brecker
Randal Edward Brecker (born November 27, 1945) is an American trumpeter, flugelhornist, and composer. His versatility has made him a popular studio musician who has recorded with acts in jazz, rock, and R&B.
Early life
Brecker was born on Nov ...
,
Carla Bley
Carla Bley (born Lovella May Borg; May 11, 1936) is an American jazz composer, pianist, organist and bandleader. An important figure in the free jazz movement of the 1960s, she is perhaps best known for her jazz opera '' Escalator over the Hill'' ...
,
Chick Corea
Armando Anthony "Chick" Corea (June 12, 1941 – February 9, 2021) was an American jazz composer, pianist, keyboardist, bandleader, and occasional percussionist. His compositions "Spain", " 500 Miles High", "La Fiesta", "Armando's Rhumba", and ...
,
Pat Metheny
Patrick Bruce Metheny ( ; born August 12, 1954) is an American jazz guitarist and composer.
He is the leader of the Pat Metheny Group and is also involved in duets, solo works, and other side projects. His style incorporates elements of progre ...
, and
Collin Walcott
Collin Walcott (April 24, 1945 – November 8, 1984) was an American musician who worked in jazz and world music.
Early life
Walcott was born in New York City, United States. He studied violin and tympani in his youth, and was a percussion stud ...
participated in this event.
*
Ferruccio Busoni International Piano Competition
The Ferruccio Busoni International Piano Competition is a music competition for young pianists that takes place in Bolzano, Italy. It was founded in 1949 by Cesare Nordio in memory of the pianist and composer Ferruccio Busoni.
History
The fir ...
, is an international piano competition and is held every 2 years. This competition was initiated by the director of the Conservatory of Music "Claudio Monteverdi" in memory of the 25th anniversary of the death of
Ferruccio Busoni
Ferruccio Busoni (1 April 1866 – 27 July 1924) was an Italian composer, pianist, conductor, editor, writer, and teacher. His international career and reputation led him to work closely with many of the leading musicians, artists and literary ...
. The artist influenced Italian and German music art and was therefore a symbol of the South Tyrolean culture.
* Bolzano Filmfestival Bozen; The first Bolzano film festival was held in 1987 under the name "Bozner Filmtage". It serves as a platform for the local film scene and creates contact between filmmakers and audiences. Films in Italian and German are shown. Artists like
Tobias Moretti
Tobias Moretti (; born Tobias Bloéb; 11 July 1959) is an Austrian actor.
Biography
Born in Gries am Brenner, Tyrol, Moretti is the eldest of four brothers, including Thomas, Christoph and fellow actor Gregor Bloéb. Since 1997, he has been marr ...
,
Fred Zinnemann
Alfred ''Fred'' Zinnemann (April 29, 1907 – March 14, 1997) was an Austrian Empire-born American film director. He won four Academy Awards for directing and producing films in various genres, including thrillers, westerns, film noir and play ...
,
Herbert Achternbusch
Herbert Achternbusch ( Schild; 23 November 1938 – 10 January 2022) was a German film director, writer and painter. He began as a writer of avant-garde prose, such as the novel ''Die Alexanderschlacht'', before turning to low-budget films. He h ...
,
Michele Placido
Michele Placido (; born 19 May 1946) is an Italian actor, film director, and screenwriter. He began his career on stage, and first gained mainstream attention through a series of roles in films directed by the likes of Mario Monicelli and Marco ...
, and
Jiri Menzel participated in this event.
* Bolzano Festival Bozen, is a festival that takes place every summer and offers classical music. The
European Union Youth Orchestra
The European Union Youth Orchestra (EUYO) is a youth orchestra with members drawn from the 27 members states of the European Union. Since its foundation in 1976, it has connected music colleges and the professional music world for generations o ...
, the
Gustav Mahler Jugendorchester
Gustav Mahler Jugendorchester (GMJO) is a youth orchestra based in Vienna, Austria, founded in 1986 by conductor Claudio Abbado, and named after Gustav Mahler. It is an associated member of the European Federation of National Youth Orchestras.
...
and the participants of the Ferruccio Busoni Competition are performing regularly.
* Tanz Bozen - Bolzano Danza, is an international contemporary dance festival and is held every summer. It is a festival that shows different dance performances in different places of the city. It is organized by the Haydn Foundation of Bolzano and Trento.
* Christmas market Bozen; The Bolzano Christmas Market was founded in 1990 as Italy's first Christmas market. The stands are located in different places of the old town. With over 1.2 million visitors (2005), the Bolzano Christmas Market is the most visited in Italy.
* Bolzano ShortFilmFestival, also collaborates with the Bolzano Filmfestival and awards prizes for the best short films without words ("No Words"). Indedpently of the Bolzano Filmfestival it also awards prizes for the best Italian short film. The festival was held in 1968 for the first time.
Education
Free University of Bozen-Bolzano
![Unibz logo](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Unibz_logo.jpg)
The
Free University of Bozen-Bolzano
The Free University of Bozen-Bolzano (Italian language, Italian: ''Libera Università di Bolzano'', German language, German: ''Freie Universität Bozen'', Ladin language, Ladin: ''Università Liedia de Bulsan'') is a university primarily loca ...
was founded in 1997 and has its headquarters in the city of Bolzano. It offers trilingual courses in German, Italian and English. The unibz was the first trilingual university in Europe. Other university locations are in
Brixen
Brixen (, ; it, Bressanone ; lld, Porsenù or ) is a town in South Tyrol, northern Italy, located about north of Bolzano.
Geography
First mentioned in 901, Brixen is the third largest city and oldest town in the province, and the artistic and ...
and
Bruneck
Bruneck (; it, Brunico or Ladin: ''Bornech'' or ''Burnech''; la, Branecium or ''Brunopolis'' is the largest town in the Puster Valley in the Italian province of South Tyrol.
Geography
Bruneck rises up in the middle of a wide valley (perhaps a ...
. Through the
Euroregion Tyrol-South Tyrol-Trentino
In European politics, the term Euroregion usually refers to a transnational co-operation structure between two (or more) contiguous territories located in different European countries. Euroregions represent a specific type of cross-border region. ...
, the university also works closely together with the universities of
Innsbruck
Innsbruck (; bar, Innschbruck, label=Bavarian language, Austro-Bavarian ) is the capital of Tyrol (state), Tyrol and the List of cities and towns in Austria, fifth-largest city in Austria. On the Inn (river), River Inn, at its junction with the ...
and
Trento
Trento ( or ; Ladin and lmo, Trent; german: Trient ; cim, Tria; , ), also anglicized as Trent, is a city on the Adige River in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol in Italy. It is the capital of the autonomous province of Trento. In the 16th centu ...
. The University of Bolzano has the following five faculties:
* Economics
* Computer science
* Design and arts
* Science and technology
* Education
State College of Health Professions "Claudiana"
The State College of Health Professions "Claudiana" was founded in 1993 and has since 2006 its headquarters next to the regional hospital of Bolzano outside the center. The college was named after the Regent of the Austrian
County of Tyrol
The (Princely) County of Tyrol was an estate of the Holy Roman Empire established about 1140. After 1253, it was ruled by the House of Gorizia and from 1363 by the House of Habsburg. In 1804, the County of Tyrol, unified with the secularised pr ...
,
Claudia de Medici
Claudia de' Medici (4 June 1604 – 25 December 1648) was Regent of the Austrian County of Tyrol during the minority of her son from 1632 until 1646.
She was a daughter of Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany and Christina of Lorraine. ...
. The college serves to train health professionals, such as nurses, midwives, technical medicine and rehabilitation specialists. Teaching is in Italian and German.
Conservatory "Claudio Monteverdi"
The conservatory "Claudio Monteverdi" is a college of music in Bolzano. The conservatory was founded in 1927 and has since been named after the former Italian composer
Claudio Monteverdi
Claudio Giovanni Antonio Monteverdi (baptized 15 May 1567 – 29 November 1643) was an Italian composer, choirmaster and string player. A composer of both secular and sacred music, and a pioneer in the development of opera, he is considered ...
. The rooms of the conservatory are located in the
Dominican monastery
Dominican may refer to:
* Someone or something from or related to the Dominican Republic ( , stress on the "mi"), on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles, in the Caribbean
** People of the Dominican Republic
** Demographics of the Domi ...
. The Academy of Music gained international recognition through the biennial
Ferruccio Busoni International Piano Competition
The Ferruccio Busoni International Piano Competition is a music competition for young pianists that takes place in Bolzano, Italy. It was founded in 1949 by Cesare Nordio in memory of the pianist and composer Ferruccio Busoni.
History
The fir ...
.
Transport
![Bahnstation - panoramio (1)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Bahnstation_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg)
Bolzano is connected to the motorway network
A22-
E45 to
Trento
Trento ( or ; Ladin and lmo, Trent; german: Trient ; cim, Tria; , ), also anglicized as Trent, is a city on the Adige River in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol in Italy. It is the capital of the autonomous province of Trento. In the 16th centu ...
and
Verona
Verona ( , ; vec, Verona or ) is a city on the Adige River in Veneto, Northern Italy, Italy, with 258,031 inhabitants. It is one of the seven provincial capitals of the region. It is the largest city Comune, municipality in the region and the ...
and to
Innsbruck
Innsbruck (; bar, Innschbruck, label=Bavarian language, Austro-Bavarian ) is the capital of Tyrol (state), Tyrol and the List of cities and towns in Austria, fifth-largest city in Austria. On the Inn (river), River Inn, at its junction with the ...
(Austria) and
Munich
Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the States of Germany, German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the List of cities in Germany by popu ...
(Germany). In Bolzano South there is a transport hub that connects the dual carriageway MeBo with the A22 motorway. The
dual carriageway
A dual carriageway ( BE) or divided highway ( AE) is a class of highway with carriageways for traffic travelling in opposite directions separated by a central reservation (BrE) or median (AmE). Roads with two or more carriageways which are ...
MeBo (
Merano
Merano (, , ) or Meran () is a city and ''comune'' in South Tyrol, northern Italy. Generally best known for its spa resorts, it is located within a basin, surrounded by mountains standing up to above sea level, at the entrance to the Passeier V ...
- Bolzano) was completed in 1997 to quickly connect the two metropolitan areas of
South Tyrol
it, Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano – Alto Adige lld, Provinzia Autonoma de Balsan/Bulsan – Südtirol
, settlement_type = Autonomous province
, image_skyline =
, image_alt ...
, Merano and Bolzano, and to relieve the surrounding communities in the district of
Burggrafenamt
The Burggrafenamt ( it, Burgraviato , german: Burggrafenamt) is a district ( it, comprensorio, german: Bezirksgemeinschaft) in the western part of the Italian province of South Tyrol. It comprises the part of the Adige river valley between Naturns ...
and the old former two-lane State street SS38 (Strada statale 38).
The city is also connected to the
Italian railway system.
Bolzano railway station, opened in 1859, forms part of the
Brenner railway (Verona–Innsbruck), which is part of the main railway route between Italy and Germany. The station is also a
junction
Junction may refer to:
Arts and entertainment
* ''Junction'' (film), a 2012 American film
* Jjunction, a 2002 Indian film
* Junction (album), a 1976 album by Andrew Cyrille
* Junction (EP), by Basement Jaxx, 2002
* Junction (manga), or ''Hot ...
of two branch lines, to
Merano
Merano (, , ) or Meran () is a city and ''comune'' in South Tyrol, northern Italy. Generally best known for its spa resorts, it is located within a basin, surrounded by mountains standing up to above sea level, at the entrance to the Passeier V ...
and
Mals
Mals (; it, Malles Venosta ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in South Tyrol in northern Italy, located about northwest of Bolzano, on the border with Switzerland and Austria.
History
Coat-of-arms
The emblem is party per fess: the upper of gul ...
. The station of Bolzano is served by
Frecciarossa
''Frecciarossa'' is a high-speed train of the Italian national train operator, Trenitalia, and a member of the train category Le Frecce. The name, which, if spelled "Freccia rossa" means "Red arrow" in English, was introduced in 2008 after i ...
and
Frecciargento
''Frecciargento'' is a high-speed train of the Italian national train operator, Trenitalia, and a member of the train category Le Frecce. The name, which means "Silver Arrow", was introduced in 2012 after it had previously been known as Euros ...
trains of
Trenitalia
Trenitalia is the primary train operator in Italy. A subsidiary of Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane, itself owned by the Italian government, the company was established in 2000 following a European Union directive on the deregulation of rail transp ...
, Italo EVO of
Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori
Italo - Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori ( it, New Travellers Transport) is an Italian open access operator, open-access train operating company operating in the field of high-speed rail transport.
Commencing services in early 2012, it became Europe' ...
(from August 2018) and
EuroCity
EuroCity, abbreviated as EC, is a cross-border train category within the European inter-city rail network. In contrast to trains allocated to the lower-level "IC" (InterCity) category, EC trains are international services that meet 20 criteri ...
trains of
ÖBB
The Austrian Federal Railways (german: Österreichische Bundesbahnen, formally (lit. "Austrian Federal Railways Holding Stock Company") and formerly the or ''BBÖ''), now commonly known as ÖBB, is the national railway company ...
.
A two-line
light rail network is planned to serve Bolzano, at a length of 7.2 km ( miles) with 17 stops, with a projected cost of €192 million.
There is a network of cycle paths, and about 30 percent of journeys in Bolzano are made by bicycle.
Until summer 2015 there was a regular connection between
Bolzano Airport
Bolzano Airport ( it, Aeroporto di Bolzano — Dolomiti, german: Flughafen Bozen — Dolomiten) is a small regional airport near Bolzano in the province of South Tyrol in northern Italy.
History
The airport was created in October 1926 with a 130 ...
(IATA: BZO) and
Rome
, established_title = Founded
, established_date = 753 BC
, founder = King Romulus (legendary)
, image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg
, map_caption ...
. In summer charter flights are offered to
Cagliari
Cagliari (, also , , ; sc, Casteddu ; lat, Caralis) is an Italian municipality and the capital of the island of Sardinia, an autonomous region of Italy. Cagliari's Sardinian name ''Casteddu'' means ''castle''. It has about 155,000 inhabitant ...
,
Olbia
Olbia (, ; sc, Terranoa; sdn, Tarranoa) is a city and commune of 60,346 inhabitants (May 2018) in the Italian insular province of Sassari in northeastern Sardinia, Italy, in the historical region of Gallura. Called ''Olbia'' in the Roman age, ...
,
Lamezia Terme
Lamezia Terme (), commonly called Lamezia, is an Italian city and ''comune'' of 70,452 inhabitants (2013), in the province of Catanzaro in the Calabria region.
Geography
Lamezia is located on the eastern border of the coastal plain commonly cal ...
and
Catania
Catania (, , Sicilian and ) is the second largest municipality in Sicily, after Palermo. Despite its reputation as the second city of the island, Catania is the largest Sicilian conurbation, among the largest in Italy, as evidenced also by ...
.
Since 1966 a
cable car Cable car most commonly refers to the following cable transportation systems:
* Aerial lift, such as aerial tramways and gondola lifts, in which the vehicle is suspended in the air from a cable
** Aerial tramway
** Chairlift
** Gondola lift
*** Bi ...
connects the centre of Bolzano with Oberbozen-Soprabolzano and the community of
Ritten
Ritten (; it, Renon ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in South Tyrol in northern Italy.
Territory
The community is named after the high plateau, elevation , the Ritten or the Renon, on which most of the villages are located. The plateau forms t ...
. In 2009 the Italian manufacturer Leitner replaced the old cable car with a new modern
3S system. Although the so-called "Rittner Seilbahn" primarily serves the tourist market, it also provides an important transit link for the residents of Renon. The cable car system, which can carry up to 726 persons per hour, is the first tricable gondola lift in Italy.
File:A90523cabinaRenonAaa.jpg, Cable car Ritten
Ritten (; it, Renon ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in South Tyrol in northern Italy.
Territory
The community is named after the high plateau, elevation , the Ritten or the Renon, on which most of the villages are located. The plateau forms t ...
File:BozenBahnhof05.jpg, Bolzano railway station
File:Bozen 1 (278).JPG, Bolzano Airport
Bolzano Airport ( it, Aeroporto di Bolzano — Dolomiti, german: Flughafen Bozen — Dolomiten) is a small regional airport near Bolzano in the province of South Tyrol in northern Italy.
History
The airport was created in October 1926 with a 130 ...
Sport
The town is host to an annual
road running
Road running is the sport of running on a measured course over an established road. This differs from track and field on a regular track and cross country running over natural terrain.
These events are usually classified as long-distance ac ...
competition – the
BOclassic
The BOclassic is an annual road running competition over the distance of 10 kilometres for men and 5 kilometres for women. It is held on New Year's Eve in Bolzano, Italy. The competition has only elite races, competed between a limited number of ...
– which features an elite men's 10K and women's 5K races. The event, first held in 1975, takes place on
New Year's Eve
In the Gregorian calendar, New Year's Eve, also known as Old Year's Day or Saint Sylvester's Day in many countries, is the evening or the entire day of the last day of the year, on 31 December. The last day of the year is commonly referred to ...
and is broadcast live on television by
Rai Sport Più.
Bolzano is also the host city to the Giro delle Dolomiti annual road bike event.
Local teams
;Football
*
F.C. Südtirol
Fußball Club Südtirol is an Italian association football club, based in the city of Bolzano, in the autonomous province South Tyrol. The club was formerly known as its bilingual name F.C. Südtirol – Alto Adige. They will play in Serie B f ...
*
A.C. Virtus Bolzano
*
Bozner F.C.
*
F.C. Neugries
FC may refer to:
Businesses, organisations, and schools
* Fergusson College, a science and arts college in Pune, India
* Finncomm Airlines (IATA code)
* FranklinCovey company, NYSE stock symbol FC
* Frontier Corps, a paramilitary force in Pakist ...
*
F.C. Bolzano 1996
F.C. Bolzano 1996 was an Italian association football club located in Bolzano
Bolzano ( or ; german: Bozen, (formerly ); bar, Bozn; lld, Balsan or ) is the capital city of the province of South Tyrol in northern Italy. With a population ...
*
Virtus Don Bosco
''Virtus'' () was a specific virtue in Ancient Rome. It carries connotations of valor, manliness, excellence, courage, character, and worth, perceived as masculine strengths (from Latin ''vir'', "man"). It was thus a frequently stated virtue o ...
;Handball
*
Loacker Bozen Handball
Loacker S.p.A. (in German Loacker AG) is an Italian confectionery company, based in South Tyrol, Italy and specialized in the production of wafers, chocolate and derivative products.
History
The company was founded in 1925 in the historic city ...
Handball
Handball (also known as team handball, European handball or Olympic handball) is a team sport in which two teams of seven players each (six outcourt players and a goalkeeper) pass a ball using their hands with the aim of throwing it into the g ...
A-Elite Liga
;Ice hockey
![HC Bolzano-Sheffield Steelers](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/HC_Bolzano-Sheffield_Steelers.jpg)
*
EV Bozen 96 plays in
Serie A2
*
HC Bolzano Bozen Foxes plays in
Serie A1 and the
EBEL League, winning the EBEL title in their Debut year 2014
;Rugby
*
Sudtirolo Rugby Cavaliers The Cavaliers play in the Italian Serie C
;American football
*
Giants Bolzano
A giant is a being of human appearance, sometimes of prodigious size and strength, common in folklore.
Giant(s) or The Giant(s) may also refer to:
Mythology and religion
*Giants (Greek mythology)
*Jötunn, a Germanic term often translated as 'gi ...
The Giants plays in IFL (Italian Football League), the first league of the FIDAF
;Softball and baseball
* Adler
* Pool 77
* Softball Club Dolomiti
;Fistball
*
SSV Bozen SSV may refer to:
* SSV (band), a German techno music group
* Soviet command ship SSV-33
* Special Service Vehicles (SSVs), North American police vehicles
* Small saphenous vein
* SSV (game architecture), by SETA, Sammy, and Visco
* SSV Helsinki, a ...
plays in the FBL (Austrian Fistball League), the first Austrian league.
Notable people
![Dorian Gray in Totò, Peppino e](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Dorian_Gray_in_Tot%C3%B2%2C_Peppino_e..._la_malafemmina.jpg)
Notable people born in or associated with Bolzano include:
* Blessed
Henry of Treviso
Henry of Treviso (german: Heinrich von Bozen; it, italic=yes, Arrigo nricoda Bolzano) (died 1315), also known as Henry of Bolzano or Blessed Rigo, was a lay pilgrim and holy man, a German from Bolzano (Bozen), who established himself in Treviso ...
(died 1315), a lay pilgrim and holy man, a German from Bolzano
;18th C
*
Joseph Tiefenthaler
Joseph Tiefenthaler (or Tieffenthaler or Tieffentaller) (27 August 1710 – 5 July 1785) was a Jesuit missionary and one of the earliest European geographers to write about India.
Life and travels
Tiefenthaler was born in Bozen, in the county of ...
(1710–1785), a Jesuit missionary who wrote about India
*
Johann Nepomuk von Tschiderer zu Gleifheim (1777–1860), Prince-Bishop of Trent
*
Archduke Rainer Joseph of Austria
Archduke Rainer of Austria (30 September 1783 – 16 January 1853) was a Viceroy of the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia from 1818 to 1848. He was also an Archduke of Austria, Prince Royal of Hungary and Bohemia.
Biography
Rainer was a son of Empero ...
(1783–1853), Viceroy of Lombardy-Venetia
*
Jacob Anton Zallinger zum Thurn (1735–1813), philosopher and canonist
* Annette of Menz (1796–1869), in 1811 she was the richest heiress in Bolzano
;19th C
*
Daniel Harrwitz
Daniel Harrwitz (22 February 1821 – 2 January 1884) was a German chess master.
Harrwitz was born in Breslau (Wrocław) in the Prussian Province of Silesia. Harrwitz's correct birth and death dates (22 February 1821 and 2 January 1884 respectiv ...
(1821 – 1884 in Bolzano), German chess master
*
Heinrich Anton of Austria
Archduke Heinrich Anton of Austria (Heinrich Anton Maria Rainer Karl Gregor), (May 9, 1828, Milan – November 30, 1891, Vienna) was an Archduke of Austria and Lieutenant field marshal.
Biography
Ernst was the fifth son of the viceroy Archduke Rai ...
(1828-1891), Archduke of Austria
*
Anton Ausserer
Anton Ausserer (5 July 184320 July 1889)Maurer, Ferdinand: ''Nachruf an Dr. Anton Ausserer.'' Programm des kk. acad. Gymnasiums in Grätz. Graz 1890 was an Austrian naturalist specialising in spiders.Bonnet, Pierre: Bibliographia aranearum, Les ...
(1843–1889), naturalist and
arachnologist
Arachnology is the scientific study of arachnids, which comprise spiders and related invertebrates such as scorpions, pseudoscorpions, and harvestmen. Those who study spiders and other arachnids are arachnologists. More narrowly, the study of sp ...
*
Alois Riehl
Alois Adolf Riehl (; 27 April 1844 – 21 November 1924) was an Austrian neo-Kantian philosopher. He was born in Bozen (Bolzano) in the Austrian Empire (now in Italy). He was the brother of .
Biography
Riehl studied at Vienna, Munich, Innsbruck ...
(1844–1924), neo-Kantian philosopher
*
Julius Perathoner
Julius Perathoner (Dietenheim (Bruneck), February 28, 1849 – Bolzano, April 17, 1926) was an Austro-Hungarian politician who became an Italian citizen after the Treaty of Saint-Germain. He was one of the most important exponents of the Liberal P ...
(1849–1926), last mayor of Bolzano of German ethnicity, 1895-1922
*
Alois Delug
Alois Delug (25 May 1859 – 17 September 1930) was an Austrian painter and a professor at the Academy of Fine Arts, Vienna. He may be remembered best for his supposed role in rejecting Adolf Hitler's application to join the Academy.
Life
Af ...
(1859–1930), painter and a professor at the
Academy of Fine Arts, Vienna
The Academy of Fine Arts Vienna (german: link=no, Akademie der bildenden Künste Wien) is a public art school in Vienna, Austria.
History
The Academy of Fine Arts Vienna was founded in 1692 as a private academy modelled on the Accademia di Sa ...
; rejected Adolf Hitler's application to join the academy.
*
Ludwig Thuille
Ludwig Wilhelm Andreas Maria Thuille (Bolzano, Bozen, 30 November 1861 – 5 February 1907) was an Austrian composer and teacher, numbered for a while among the leading operatic composers of the so-called Munich School of composers, whose most fam ...
(1861–1907), composer, teacher and music theorist
*
Prince Carlos of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
Don Carlos, Prince of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Infante of Spain (Full Italian name: ''Carlo Maria Francesco d'Assisi Pasquale Ferdinando Antonio di Padova Francesco de Paola Alfonso Andrea Avelino Tancredi, Principe di Borbone delle Due Sicilie, Infa ...
(1870–1949), member of the Spanish Royal family
* Karl Theodor Hoeniger (1881–1970), author and cultural historian
*
Ressel Orla
Ressel Orla (born Theres Anna Ochs; 18 May 1889 – 23 July 1931) was an Austrian stage and film actress. She appeared in some of Fritz Lang's earliest films.
Selected filmography
* '' The Firm Gets Married'' (1914)
* '' The Queen's Secretary'' ...
(1889–1931), actress, appeared in some of
Fritz Lang
Friedrich Christian Anton Lang (; December 5, 1890 – August 2, 1976), known as Fritz Lang, was an Austrian film director, screenwriter, and producer who worked in Germany and later the United States.Obituary ''Variety'', August 4, 1976, p. 6 ...
's earliest films
*
Max Valier
Max Valier (9 February 1895 – 17 May 1930) was an Austrian rocketry pioneer. He was a leading figure in the world's first large-scale rocket program, Opel-RAK, and helped found the German ''Verein für Raumschiffahrt'' (VfR – "Spacefligh ...
(1895–1930), rocketry pioneer, astronomer and writer
* Christian Hess (1895–1944), painter and sculptor
;20th C
*
Josef Mayr-Nusser
Josef Mayr-Nusser (27 December 1910 – 24 February 1945) was an Italian Roman Catholic who served as the President of the Saint Vincent de Paul Conference of the Bolzano division as well as a member of Catholic Action. He is known best for refus ...
(1910–1945), South Tyrolean leader of the resistance against Nazi rule
*
Maria Luise Thurmair
Maria Luise Thurmair née Mumelter (27 September 1912 – 24 October 2005) was a German Catholic theologian, hymnodist and writer. She contributed the lyrics of many hymns when the Catholic hymnal ''Gotteslob'' was first published in 1975.
Care ...
(1912–2005), a Catholic theologian, hymnodist and writer
*
Carlo Maria Giulini
Carlo Maria Giulini (; 9 May 1914 – 14 June 2005) was an Italian conductor.
From the age of five, when he began to play the violin, Giulini's musical education was expanded when he began to study at Italy's foremost conservatory, the Conserva ...
(1914–2005), conductor
*
Silvius Magnago
Silvius Magnago (5 February 1914 – 25 May 2010) was a South Tyrolean politician.
Biography
Magnago was born in Merano, which was then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, on 5 February 1914. In 1936 he graduated from the grammar school of ...
(1914-2010), lawyer and politician
*
Maria Gardena
Maria Gardena (born Herthilde Gabloner; 1920 – 2008) was an Italian film actress and later architect.
Herthilde Gabloner was the daughter of sculptor Ignaz Gabloner and studied architecture in Rome. During those years had a brief acting car ...
(1920–2008) film actress and later architect
* Alcide Berloffa (1922-2011), politician
*
Valentin Braitenberg
Valentino Braitenberg (or ''Valentin von Braitenberg''; 18 June 1926 – 9 September 2011) was an Italian neuroscientist and cyberneticist. He was former director at the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics in Tübingen, Germany.
His ...
(1926-2011), brain researcher,
cyberneticist
A cyberneticist or a cybernetician is a person who practices cybernetics.
Heinz von Foerster once told Stuart Umpleby that Norbert Wiener preferred the term "cybernetician" rather than "cyberneticist", perhaps because Wiener was a mathematician ...
and writer
*
Dorian Gray
''The Picture of Dorian Gray'' is a philosophical novel by Irish writer Oscar Wilde. A shorter novella-length version was published in the July 1890 issue of the American periodical '' Lippincott's Monthly Magazine''.''The Picture of Dorian G ...
(1928-2011), actress
*
Herbert Rosendorfer file:Herbert Rosendorfer.jpg, Herbert Rosendorfer, 2009
Herbert Rosendorfer (19 February 1934, in Bolzano – 20 September 2012, in Eppan an der Weinstraße, Eppan, South Tyrol) was a German jurist, writer, historian, and composer.
Biography
Herber ...
(1934–2012), German jurist and writer
*
Giuseppe Anfossi
Giuseppe Anfossi (born 7 March 1935) is the bishop emeritus of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Aosta from 1994 to 2011.
Biography
He was ordained priest on 1959. He was appointed bishop of Aosta on 30 December 1994. He was consecrated on 22 Jan ...
(born 1935), bishop emeritus of the
Roman Catholic Diocese of Aosta
french: Diocèse d'Aoste
, image = Aosta Cattedrale.JPG
, image_size = 255px
, image_alt = Facade of Cathedral of Aosta
, caption = Aosta Cathedral
, country = Italy
, metropolitan =
, ...
1994 to 2011.
*
Adolf Dallapozza
Adolf Dallapozza (born 14 March 1940 in Bolzano) is an Austrian tenor in opera, operetta and musical theatre He worked for more than 40 years at the Vienna Volksoper.
Career
Dallapozza was trained as a clerk and started work in a book shop. At t ...
(born 1940), tenor in opera, operetta and musical theatre at the
Vienna Volksoper
The Vienna Volksoper (''Volksoper'' or ''Vienna People's Opera'') is an opera house in Vienna, Austria. It produces three hundred performances of twenty-five German language productions of opera, operetta, musicals, and ballet, during an annual s ...
*
Ottavia Piccolo
Ottavia Piccolo (born 9 October 1949) is an Italian actress.
Biography
Born in Bolzano, Piccolo began her acting debut in the stage adaption of ''The Miracle Worker'' at the age of 11 under the direction of Luigi Squarzina. She has also appeare ...
(born 1949), theatre and film actress
*
Matteo Thun
Matteo Thun (full name Mathäus Antonius Maria Graf von Thun and Hohenstein, 17 June 1952 Bolzano, Italy) is an Italian architect and designer.
Biography
Matteo Thun was born in Bolzano in 1952 as the first son of the South Tyrolean entrepreneuri ...
(born 1952), an architect and designer
*
Andrea Bonatta
Andrea Bonatta (born April 27, 1952, Bolzano, Italy) is an Italian pianist and conductor.
Life
Bonatta was born in Bolzano (South Tyrol). His mother Marcella Balestri was a professional pianist and his first teacher.
He studied piano at the C ...
(born 1952), pianist and conductor
*
Franz Fischnaller
Franz Fischnaller (born 1954 in Bolzano, Alto Adige, Italy) is a new media artist and transdisciplinary researcher. He is recognized for the creation of his digital, virtual reality and interactive art installations works across the fields ...
(born 1954), new media artist and transdisciplinary researcher
*
Cuno Tarfusser
Cuno Jakob Tarfusser (born 1954) is an Italian judge of the International Criminal Court (ICC).
Education and early career
Tarfusser studied at the University of Innsbruck and the University of Padova.
Prior to his appointment to the ICC, he had ...
(born 1954), former judge of the International Criminal Court
*
Lilli Gruber
Dietlinde "Lilli" Gruber (born 19 April 1957) is an Italian journalist and former politician.
Currently a talk show host for Italian private television channel La7, Gruber also served as Member of the European Parliament from 2004 to September ...
(born 1957), journalist, former politician and TV talk show host
*
Marco Bergamo (1966-2017) ''the Monster of Bolzano'', an Italian serial killer
*
Sergio Azzolini
Sergio Azzolini (born 1967, in Bolzano) is an Italian bassoonist and music conductor.
Early life
Azzolini was born in Bolzano, Italy in 1967 and learned bassoon after his mother suggested being a musician would provide a long term job for him.
...
(born 1967) bassoonist and music conductor
*
Anna Unterberger (born 1985) actress
IMDb Database
retrieved 22 June 2019
;Sport
* Paula Wiesinger
Paula (Paola) Rosa Wiesinger later Steger (27 February 1907 – 12 June 2001) was a pioneering Italian alpine skier and mountain climber who competed at one edition of Winter Olympics and three editions of the FIS Alpine World Ski Championship ...
(1907-2001), mountaineer, ski racer and restaurateur
* Erika Lechner
Erika Lechner (sometimes listed as Erica Lechner, born 28 May 1947 in Bolzano) is an Italian luger who competed during the late 1960s and early 1970s. At the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, she originally finished third in the women's singles ...
(born 1947), luger, medallist at the 1968 Winter Olympics
The 1968 Winter Olympics, officially known as the X Olympic Winter Games (french: Les Xes Jeux olympiques d'hiver), were a winter multi-sport event held from 6 to 18 February 1968 in Grenoble, France. Thirty-seven countries participated. Frenchm ...
* Hans Kammerlander
Hans Kammerlander (born 6 December 1956, Bolzano, South Tyrol, Italy) is an Italian mountaineer, living in Ahornach, a hamlet nearby Sand in Taufers. He has climbed 13 of the 14 8000m peaks. In 1984, together with Reinhold Messner he was the ...
(born 1956), mountaineer
* Antonella Bellutti
Antonella Bellutti (born 7 November 1968) is an Italian racing cyclist and two-time Olympic champion in track cycling.
She won the pursuit at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta and the points race at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. ...
(born 1968), racing cyclist and two-time Olympic champion in track cycling
* Gerda Weissensteiner
Gerda Weissensteiner OMRI (born 3 January 1969) is an Italian luger and bobsleigh pilot who competed from the late 1980s to 2006. Competing in six Winter Olympics, she won the gold medal in the women's singles luge event at the 1994 Winter Olym ...
(born 1969), luger and bobsleigh pilot, competed in six Winter Olympics, gold medallist in the women's singles luge at the 1994 Winter Olympics
The 1994 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XVII Olympic Winter Games ( no, De 17. olympiske vinterleker; nn, Dei 17. olympiske vinterleikane) and commonly known as Lillehammer '94, was an international winter multi-sport event held fro ...
and bronze medallist in the two-woman bobsleigh at the 2006 Winter Olympics
The 2006 Winter Olympics, officially the XX Olympic Winter Games ( it, XX Giochi olimpici invernali) and also known as Torino 2006, were a winter multi-sport event held from 10 to 26 February 2006 in Turin, Italy. This marked the second t ...
* Ylenia Scapin
Ylenia Scapin (born 8 January 1975 in Bolzano) is an Italian judoka.
She won two Olympic medals in different weight classes, in 1996 Summer Olympics, 1996 and 2000 Summer Olympics, 2000.
External links
*
*
*
*
Ylenia Scapin
at raisport.r ...
(born 1975), judoka, won two Olympic medals in different weight classes in 1996 and 2000.
* Isolde Kostner
Isolde Kostner (born 20 March 1975) is an Italian former Alpine skier who won two bronze medals at the 1994 Winter Olympics and a silver medal at the 2002 Winter Olympics. She was the Italian flag bearer at the opening ceremony of the 2002 Olym ...
(born 1975), Alpine skier, two bronze medals at the 1994 Winter Olympics
The 1994 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XVII Olympic Winter Games ( no, De 17. olympiske vinterleker; nn, Dei 17. olympiske vinterleikane) and commonly known as Lillehammer '94, was an international winter multi-sport event held fro ...
and a silver medal at the 2002 Winter Olympics
The 2002 Winter Olympics, officially the XIX Olympic Winter Games and commonly known as Salt Lake 2002 ( arp, Niico'ooowu' 2002; Gosiute Shoshoni: ''Tit'-so-pi 2002''; nv, Sooléí 2002; Shoshoni: ''Soónkahni 2002''), was an internation ...
* Karen Putzer
Karen Putzer (born 29 September 1978) is a former Italian alpine skier.
Biography
She was born in Bolzano, Italy. A specialist of Giant Slalom and Super-G, she won a total of eight World Cup victories, arriving second in the overall classment i ...
(born 1978), former alpine skier, bronze medallist at the 2002 Winter Olympics
The 2002 Winter Olympics, officially the XIX Olympic Winter Games and commonly known as Salt Lake 2002 ( arp, Niico'ooowu' 2002; Gosiute Shoshoni: ''Tit'-so-pi 2002''; nv, Sooléí 2002; Shoshoni: ''Soónkahni 2002''), was an internation ...
* Andreas Seppi
Andreas Seppi (born 21 February 1984) is an Italian former professional tennis player.
He reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 18 on 28 January 2013. He became the first Italian to win a title on all three surfaces.
Tennis car ...
(born 1984), tennis player, has reached a career-high singles ranking of World Nr. 18.
* Tania Cagnotto
Tania Cagnotto (; born 15 May 1985) is an Italian diver. She is the first female Italian diver to win a medal in a World Championship. A five-time Olympian, she won medals in both individual and synchronized springboard diving in her final appe ...
(born 1985), world and European champion in diving, Olympic bronze and silver medallist
* Carolina Kostner
Carolina Kostner (born 8 February 1987) is an Italian figure skater. She is the 2014 Olympic bronze medalist, the 2012 World champion, a five-time European champion (2007–2008, 2010, 2012–2013), and the 2011 Grand Prix Final champion. She ...
(born 1987), figure skater, World Champion and Olympic bronze medalist
* Raphael Andergassen
Raphael Andergassen (born 16 June 1993) is an Italian ice hockey player for HC Pustertal Wölfe in the ICE Hockey League (ICEHL) and the Italian national team.
He participated at the 2017 IIHF World Championship
The 2017 IIHF World Championsh ...
(born 1993), ice hockey player
* Alex Trivellato
Alex Trivellato (born 5 January 1993 in Bolzano) is an Italian professional ice hockey defenceman. He is currently playing for Schwenninger Wild Wings of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL).
Playing career
Trivellato spent the 2015-16 DEL season, ...
(born 1993), ice hockey player
* Peter Hochkofler (born 1994), ice hockey player
International relations
Twin towns – sister cities
Bolzano is twinned with:
See also
* History of South Tyrol
Modern-day South Tyrol, an autonomous Italian province created in 1948, was part of the Austro-Hungarian County of Tyrol until 1918 (then known as ''Deutschsüdtirol'' and occasionally ''Mitteltirol''). It was annexed by Italy following the de ...
* Italianization of South Tyrol
In 1919, at the time of its annexation, the middle part of the County of Tyrol which is today called South Tyrol (in Italian ''Alto Adige'') was inhabited by almost 90% German speakers.Oscar Benvenuto (ed.):South Tyrol in Figures 2008", Provincia ...
* Jacob Anton Zallinger zum Thurn
* Radio Tandem
* Tyrol
Tyrol (; historically the Tyrole; de-AT, Tirol ; it, Tirolo) is a historical region in the Alps - in Northern Italy and western Austria. The area was historically the core of the County of Tyrol, part of the Holy Roman Empire, Austrian Emp ...
* Bozner Blutsonntag
References
Bibliography
External links
Bolzano City Hall Official website
(in Italian and German)
Bolzano Tourist Board Official website
{{Authority control
Bolzano