Bartholomaeus Anglicus (before 1203–1272),
also known as Bartholomew the Englishman and Berthelet, was an early 13th-century
Scholastic of Paris, a member of the
Franciscan
, image = FrancescoCoA PioM.svg
, image_size = 200px
, caption = A cross, Christ's arm and Saint Francis's arm, a universal symbol of the Franciscans
, abbreviation = OFM
, predecessor =
, ...
order. He was the author of the compendium ''De proprietatibus rerum'' ("On the Properties of Things"), dated c.1240, an early forerunner of the
encyclopedia and a widely cited book in the Middle Ages. Bartholomew also held senior positions within the church and was appointed
Bishop
A bishop is an ordained clergy member who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution.
In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance of dioceses. The role or office of bishop is c ...
of
Łuków
Łuków is a city in eastern Poland with 30,727 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2005). Since 1999, it has been situated in the Lublin Voivodeship, previously it had belonged to the Siedlce Voivodeship (between 1975–1998). It is the capital of ...
in what is now Poland, although he was not consecrated to that position.
Early life
Little is known of Bartholomew's early life. He is believed to have been born around the turn of the 13th century to unknown parents. The first record of him was in 1224 in Paris as a teacher, although he is also believed to have studied at
Oxford University
Oxford () is a city in England. It is the county town and only city of Oxfordshire. In 2020, its population was estimated at 151,584. It is north-west of London, south-east of Birmingham and north-east of Bristol. The city is home to th ...
.
Encyclopedia
The work ''De proprietatibus rerum'' was written at the school of
Magdeburg
Magdeburg (; nds, label=Low Saxon, Meideborg ) is the capital and second-largest city of the German state Saxony-Anhalt. The city is situated at the Elbe river.
Otto I, the first Holy Roman Emperor and founder of the Archdiocese of Magdebu ...
in
Saxonia and intended for the use of students and the general public.
Bartholomew carefully notes the sources for the material included, although, at present, it is sometimes impossible to identify or locate some of them. His annotations give a good idea of the wide variety of works available to a medieval scholar.
The original Latin work was translated into French in 1372 and a number of manuscripts of the Latin and French versions survive. The work was later printed in numerous editions.
John Trevisa
350px,
John Trevisa (or John of Trevisa; la, Ioannes Trevisa; fl. 1342–1402 AD) was a Cornish writer and translator.
Trevisa was born at Trevessa in the parish of St Enoder in mid-Cornwall, in Britain and was a native Cornish speaker. He w ...
produced an English translation in 1397. Extracts were compiled by
Robert Steele under the title ''Medieval Lore: an Epitome'' (1893). A critical edition of Trevisa's translation appeared in 1975.
![Stages of Life by Bartholomeus Anglicus 1486](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Stages_of_Life_by_Bartholomeus_Anglicus_1486.jpg)
The work was organized in 19 books. The subjects of the books, in order, are
God
In monotheistic thought, God is usually viewed as the supreme being, creator, and principal object of faith. Swinburne, R.G. "God" in Honderich, Ted. (ed)''The Oxford Companion to Philosophy'', Oxford University Press, 1995. God is typically ...
,
angel
In various theistic religious traditions an angel is a supernatural spiritual being who serves God.
Abrahamic religions often depict angels as benevolent celestial intermediaries between God (or Heaven) and humanity. Other roles inclu ...
s (including
demons), the human
mind or
soul
In many religious and philosophical traditions, there is a belief that a soul is "the immaterial aspect or essence of a human being".
Etymology
The Modern English noun '' soul'' is derived from Old English ''sāwol, sāwel''. The earliest atte ...
,
physiology
Physiology (; ) is the scientific study of functions and mechanisms in a living system. As a sub-discipline of biology, physiology focuses on how organisms, organ systems, individual organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out the chemical ...
, of ages (family and domestic life),
medicine
Medicine is the science and practice of caring for a patient, managing the diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, treatment, palliation of their injury or disease, and promoting their health. Medicine encompasses a variety of health care pr ...
, the universe and celestial bodies, time, form and matter (
elements),
air
The atmosphere of Earth is the layer of gases, known collectively as air, retained by Earth's gravity that surrounds the planet and forms its planetary atmosphere. The atmosphere of Earth protects life on Earth by creating pressure allowing f ...
and its forms, water and its forms, earth and its forms including
geography
Geography (from Greek: , ''geographia''. Combination of Greek words ‘Geo’ (The Earth) and ‘Graphien’ (to describe), literally "earth description") is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, an ...
,
gems
Gems, or gemstones, are polished, cut stones or minerals.
Gems or GEMS may also refer to:
Arts, entertainment and media
* ''Gems'' (Aerosmith album), 1988
* ''Gems'' (Patti LaBelle album), 1994
* ''Gems'' (Michael Bolton album), 2011
* Gems TV, ...
,
mineral
In geology and mineralogy, a mineral or mineral species is, broadly speaking, a solid chemical compound with a fairly well-defined chemical composition and a specific crystal structure that occurs naturally in pure form.John P. Rafferty, ed. (2 ...
s and metals, animals, and color, odor, taste and liquids.
*Book 1 ''De Deo'' On God and the names of God
*Book 2 ''De proprietatibus angelorum'' On angels, good and bad
*Book 3 ''De anima'' On the soul and reason
*Book 4 ''De humani corporis'' On the bodily humors
*Book 5 ''De hominis corpore'' On the parts of the body
*Book 6 ''De state hominis'' On daily life
*Book 7 ''De infirmitatibus'' On diseases and poisons
*Book 8 ''De mundo'' On earth and the heavenly bodies
*Book 9 ''De temporibus'' On time and motion
*Book 10 ''De materia et forma'' On matter, form and fire
*Book 11 ''De aere'' On the air and weather
*Book 12 ''De avibus'' On birds
*Book 13 ''De aqua'' On water and fishes
*Book 14 ''De terra'' On the earth and its surface
*Book 15 ''De regionibus et provinciis'' On regions and places
*Book 16 ''De lapidibus et metallis'' On rocks, gems and minerals
*Book 17 ''De herbis et arboribus'' On plants and trees
*Book 18 ''De animalibus'' On land animals
*Book 19 ''De accidentibus'' On colours, smells and tastes, substances, measurements, numbers and music
Sources
Sources as given by William Morris
*
Origen Adamantius
Origen of Alexandria, ''Ōrigénēs''; Origen's Greek name ''Ōrigénēs'' () probably means "child of Horus" (from , "Horus", and , "born"). ( 185 – 253), also known as Origen Adamantius, was an Early Christianity, early Christian scholar, ...
*
Gilles de Corbeil
Gilles de Corbeil (Latin: ''Egidius de Corbolio'' or ''Egidius Corboliensis''; also ''Aegidius'') was a French royal physician, teacher, and poet. He was born in approximately 1140 in Corbeil and died in the first quarter of the 13th century. He ...
*
Alain de Lille
*
Albertus Magnus
Albertus Magnus (c. 1200 – 15 November 1280), also known as Saint Albert the Great or Albert of Cologne, was a German Dominican friar, philosopher, scientist, and bishop. Later canonised as a Catholic saint, he was known during his li ...
*
Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi
Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi, Latinized as Albumasar (also ''Albusar'', ''Albuxar''; full name ''Abū Maʿshar Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar al-Balkhī'' ;
, AH 171–272), was an early Persian Muslim astrologer, thought to be the greatest ast ...
*
Alcuin
Alcuin of York (; la, Flaccus Albinus Alcuinus; 735 – 19 May 804) – also called Ealhwine, Alhwin, or Alchoin – was a scholar, clergyman, poet, and teacher from York, Northumbria. He was born around 735 and became the student o ...
*
Alexander Neckam
Alexander Neckam (8 September 115731 March 1217) was an English magnetician, poet, theologian, and writer. He was an abbot of Cirencester Abbey from 1213 until his death.
Early life
Born on 8 September 1157 in St Albans, Alexander shared his b ...
*
Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Kathīr al-Farghānī
Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Kathīr al-Farghānī ( ar, أبو العبّاس أحمد بن محمد بن كثير الفرغاني 798/800/805–870), also known as Alfraganus in the West, was an astronomer in the Abbasid court ...
*
Alfred of Sareshel
*
Al-Ghazali
Al-Ghazali ( – 19 December 1111; ), full name (), and known in Persian-speaking countries as Imam Muhammad-i Ghazali (Persian: امام محمد غزالی) or in Medieval Europe by the Latinized as Algazelus or Algazel, was a Persian poly ...
*
Ambrose
*
Anselm of Canterbury
*
Archelaus (geographer)
*
Aristotle
Aristotle (; grc-gre, Ἀριστοτέλης ''Aristotélēs'', ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of ph ...
*
Augustine of Hippo Saint Augustine
*Aurora, The: A metrical version of the Bible by
Petrus Riga
Petrus Riga (c. 1140 – 1209) was a French poet. He is known for his work ''Aurora'', which is a commentary on the Bible with emphasis on allegorical and moral interpretation. Although it has been called the verse Bible
The Bible (from Ko ...
*
Averroes
Ibn Rushd ( ar, ; full name in ; 14 April 112611 December 1198), often Latinized as Averroes ( ), was an
Andalusian polymath and jurist who wrote about many subjects, including philosophy, theology, medicine, astronomy, physics, psy ...
*
Solomon ibn Gabirol
*
Avicenna
*
Haymo of Faversham
Haymo of Faversham, O.F.M. ( ) was an English Franciscan scholar. His scholastic epithet was ' (Latin for "Most Aristotelian among the Aristotelians"), referring to his stature among the Scholastics during the Recovery of Aristotle amid the ...
(died 1244).
*
Basil of Caesarea In
Hexameron
The term Hexameron (Greek: Ἡ Ἑξαήμερος Δημιουργία ''Hē Hexaēmeros Dēmiourgia'') refers either to the genre of theological treatise that describes God's work on the six days of creation or to the six days of creation them ...
*
Bede (673-735). The work by which he was best known in the 13th century was not his History but the works on the Calendar, etc.
*
Jean Beleth
Jean Beleth ( la, Joannes Belethus; -1182) was a twelfth-century French liturgist and theologian. He is thought to have been rector in a Paris theological college. That he was possibly of English origin was a hypothesis discussed by John Pits, and ...
*
Bernard of Clairvaux
Bernard of Clairvaux, O. Cist. ( la, Bernardus Claraevallensis; 109020 August 1153), venerated as Saint Bernard, was an abbot, mystic, co-founder of the Knights Templars, and a major leader in the reformation of the Benedictine Order throug ...
*Bestiarium: A collection of early myths on animals; of Eastern origin. There are many different forms of this work. All are founded on
Physiologus
The ''Physiologus'' () is a didactic Christian text written or compiled in Greek by an unknown author, in Alexandria; its composition has been traditionally dated to the 2nd century AD by readers who saw parallels with writings of Clement of Al ...
.
*
Boethius
Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius, commonly known as Boethius (; Latin: ''Boetius''; 480 – 524 AD), was a Roman senator, consul, ''magister officiorum'', historian, and philosopher of the Early Middle Ages. He was a central figure in the tr ...
treatise on arithmetic
*Callisthenes pseudo:
Alexander romance
*
Cassiodorus
Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus Senator (c. 485 – c. 585), commonly known as Cassiodorus (), was a Roman statesman, renowned scholar of antiquity, and writer serving in the administration of Theodoric the Great, king of the Ostrogoths. ''Senator'' ...
De Septem Disciplinis
*
Cato the Elder
Marcus Porcius Cato (; 234–149 BC), also known as Cato the Censor ( la, Censorius), the Elder and the Wise, was a Roman soldier, senator, and historian known for his conservatism and opposition to Hellenization. He was the first to write his ...
: On Agriculture
*
Calcidius
Calcidius (or Chalcidius) was a 4th-century philosopher (and possibly a Christians, Christian) who translated the first part (to 53c) of Plato's ''Timaeus (dialogue), Timaeus'' from Greek (language), Greek into Latin around the year 321 and provid ...
: A commentary on the
Timaeus (dialogue)
''Timaeus'' (; grc-gre, Τίμαιος, Timaios, ) is one of Plato's dialogues, mostly in the form of long monologues given by Critias and Timaeus, written 360 BC. The work puts forward reasoning on the possible nature of the physical world ...
of
Plato
Plato ( ; grc-gre, Πλάτων ; 428/427 or 424/423 – 348/347 BC) was a Greek philosopher born in Athens during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. He founded the Platonist school of thought and the Academy, the first institution ...
*
Cicero
Marcus Tullius Cicero ( ; ; 3 January 106 BC – 7 December 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar, philosopher, and academic skeptic, who tried to uphold optimate principles during the political crises that led to the esta ...
(107-44 BC). In SOMN. SCIPIONIS.
*
Constantine the African
Constantine the African ( la, Constantinus Africanus; died before 1098/1099, Monte Cassino) was a physician who lived in the 11th century. The first part of his life was spent in Ifriqiya and the rest in Italy. He first arrived in Italy in the ...
He wrote the Viaticum and the Pantegna He introduced
Arab medicine
In the history of medicine, "Islamic medicine" is the science of medicine developed in the Middle East, and usually written in Arabic, the '' lingua franca'' of Islamic civilization.
Islamic medicine adopted, systematized and developed the med ...
into Europe through the
School of Salerno
The Schola Medica Salernitana ( it, Scuola Medica Salernitana) was a Medieval medical school, the first and most important of its kind. Situated on the Tyrrhenian Sea in the south Italian city of Salerno, it was founded in the 9th century and ros ...
.
*
Cyprian
Cyprian (; la, Thaschus Caecilius Cyprianus; 210 – 14 September 258 AD''The Liturgy of the Hours according to the Roman Rite: Vol. IV.'' New York: Catholic Book Publishing Company, 1975. p. 1406.) was a bishop of Carthage and an early Christ ...
(died 285). A Syriac astrologer, afterwards Bishop of Antioch, and Martyr in the Diocletian persecution.
*
DAMASCENE Damascene may refer to:
* Topics directly associated with the city of Damascus in Syria:
** A native or inhabitant of Damascus
** Damascus Arabic, the local dialect of Damascus
** Damascus steel, developed for swordmaking
** "Damascene moment", the ...
(11th century). Quoted by Constantinus Afer. A physician.
*
John Damascene
John of Damascus ( ar, يوحنا الدمشقي, Yūḥanna ad-Dimashqī; gr, Ἰωάννης ὁ Δαμασκηνός, Ioánnēs ho Damaskēnós, ; la, Ioannes Damascenus) or John Damascene was a Christian monk, priest, hymnographer, and ...
(end of 12th century). An Arab physician.
*
Damascius
Damascius (; grc-gre, Δαμάσκιος, 458 – after 538), known as "the last of the Athenian Neoplatonists," was the last scholarch of the neoplatonic Athenian school. He was one of the neoplatonic philosophers who left Athens after laws ...
(c. 533). A Syrian commentator on
Aristotle
Aristotle (; grc-gre, Ἀριστοτέλης ''Aristotélēs'', ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of ph ...
, who took refuge in Persia. Author of a work on wonders quoted by
Photius.
*
Pedanius Dioscorides
Pedanius Dioscorides ( grc-gre, Πεδάνιος Διοσκουρίδης, ; 40–90 AD), “the father of pharmacognosy”, was a Greek physician, pharmacologist, botanist, and author of '' De materia medica'' (, On Medical Material) —a 5-vo ...
*
Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite
Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite (or Dionysius the Pseudo-Areopagite) was a Greek author, Christian theologian and Neoplatonic philosopher of the late 5th to early 6th century, who wrote a set of works known as the ''Corpus Areopagiticum'' o ...
:
De Coelesti Hierarchia
''De Coelesti Hierarchia'' ( grc-gre, Περὶ τῆς Οὐρανίας Ἱεραρχίας, "On the Celestial Hierarchy") is a Pseudo-Dionysian work on angelology, written in Greek and dated to ca. AD the 5th century; it exerted great influen ...
, and de divinis nominibus
*
Aelius Donatus
Aelius Donatus (; fl. mid-fourth century AD) was a Roman grammarian and teacher of rhetoric.
Works
He was the author of a number of professional works, of which several are extant:
*Ars maior – A commentary on Latin grammar.
* Ars minor ...
Grammarian.
*
EUFICIUS (c. 600). A disciple of Gregory.
*
Fabius Planciades Fulgentius
Fabius Planciades Fulgentius () was a Latin writer of late antiquity. Four extant works are commonly attributed to him, as well as a possible fifth which some scholars include in compilations with much reservation. His mythography was greatly admi ...
or
Fulgentius of Ruspe
Fabius Claudius Gordianus Fulgentius, also known as Fulgentius of Ruspe (462 or 467 – 1 January 527 or 533) was North African Christian prelate who served as Bishop of Ruspe, in modern-day Tunisia, during the 5th and 6th century. He has been ca ...
grammarian.
*
Galen
Aelius Galenus or Claudius Galenus ( el, Κλαύδιος Γαληνός; September 129 – c. AD 216), often Anglicized as Galen () or Galen of Pergamon, was a Greek physician, surgeon and philosopher in the Roman Empire. Considered to be one ...
(131-210).
*
Gilbertus Anglicus
Gilbertus Anglicus (or Gilbert of England, also known as ''Gilbertinus''; c. 1180 – c. 1250) was a medieval English physician. He is known chiefly for his encyclopedic work, the ''Compendium of Medicine'' (''Compendium Medicinæ''), most probably ...
An English physician in France; wrote COMPENDIUM MEDICINAE.
*
Pope Gregory I
Pope Gregory I ( la, Gregorius I; – 12 March 604), commonly known as Saint Gregory the Great, was the bishop of Rome from 3 September 590 to his death. He is known for instigating the first recorded large-scale mission from Rome, the Gregor ...
''
Moralia in Job
''Moralia in Job'', also called ''Moralia, sive Expositio in Job'' or ''Magna Moralia'', is a commentary on the '' Book of Job'' by Gregory the Great, written between 578 and 595. It was begun when Gregory was at the court of Emperor Tiberius II ...
''.
*
HALY The first medical work translated by Constantius Afercanus
*HERMES. In ALCHEMIA (not now extant).
*
Hippocrates
Hippocrates of Kos (; grc-gre, Ἱπποκράτης ὁ Κῷος, Hippokrátēs ho Kôios; ), also known as Hippocrates II, was a Greek physician of the classical period who is considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history o ...
(460-351 BC).
*
Huguccio (died 1210). A jurisconsult and writer on Grammar.
*HYGINUS, PSEUDO- (6th century). Writer on Astronomy. ?
*
Pope Innocent III
Pope Innocent III ( la, Innocentius III; 1160 or 1161 – 16 July 1216), born Lotario dei Conti di Segni (anglicized as Lothar of Segni), was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 January 1198 to his death in 16 ...
. (died 1216). Wrote "De Contemptu Mundi," etc.
*
Isaac Israeli ben Solomon
Isaac Israeli ben Solomon (Hebrew: יצחק בן שלמה הישראלי, ''Yitzhak ben Shlomo ha-Yisraeli''; Arabic: أبو يعقوب إسحاق بن سليمان الإسرائيلي, ''Abu Ya'qub Ishaq ibn Suleiman al-Isra'ili'') ( 832 &ndas ...
(c. 660). An Arab physician, who translated many Greek authors into Arabic.
*
Isidore of Seville (died 636). Bishop of Seville. He wrote a work on Etymology in 20 books, one of the most popular works of the Middle Age.
*
Jacques de Vitry (died 1240). A Crusading Bishop, afterwards Cardinal legate. Wrote an EXEMPLAR, and 3 books of Eastern and Western History.
*
Jerome
Jerome (; la, Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus; grc-gre, Εὐσέβιος Σωφρόνιος Ἱερώνυμος; – 30 September 420), also known as Jerome of Stridon, was a Christian priest, confessor, theologian, and historian; he is co ...
(340-420).
*
Joseph ben Gorion
''Josippon'' ( ''Sefer Yosipon'') is a chronicle of Jewish history from Adam to the age of Titus. It is named after its supposed author, Josephus Flavius, though it was actually composed in the 10th century in Southern Italy. The Ethiopic ...
(). Abridgment of Jewish History containing many legends.
*
Josephus
Flavius Josephus (; grc-gre, Ἰώσηπος, ; 37 – 100) was a first-century Romano-Jewish historian and military leader, best known for '' The Jewish War'', who was born in Jerusalem—then part of Roman Judea—to a father of priestly ...
(37-95). Jewish historian.
*JORATH. DE ANIMALIBUS. A Syriac writer (?).
*LAPIDARIUM. See MARBODIUS DE GEMMIS.
There are many treatises under this name.
*
Pope Leo IX
Pope Leo IX (21 June 1002 – 19 April 1054), born Bruno von Egisheim-Dagsburg, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 12 February 1049 to his death in 1054. Leo IX is considered to be one of the most historically ...
. (1054). See
Jacques Paul Migne
Jacques Paul Migne (; 25 October 1800 – 24 October 1875) was a French priest who published inexpensive and widely distributed editions of theological works, encyclopedias, and the texts of the Church Fathers, with the goal of providing a ...
, Patrologia.
*
Lucan (died 65). One of the most popular Latin poets of the Middle Age.
*
Aemilius Macer
Aemilius Macer of Verona was a Roman didactic poet. He authored two poems, one on birds (''Ornithogonia''), a translation of a work by Boios, and the other on the antidotes against the poison of serpents (''Theriaca''), which he imitated from ...
(6th century). On THE VIRTUES OF HERBS The extant
hexameter
Hexameter is a metrical line of verses consisting of six feet (a "foot" here is the pulse, or major accent, of words in an English line of poetry; in Greek and Latin a "foot" is not an accent, but describes various combinations of syllables). It w ...
poem known as ''Floridus'' or ''De viribus (aut virtutibus) herbarum'', traditionally ascribed to Macer, is actually a
medieval
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire ...
production by
Odo Magdunensis, a French physician.
*
Macrobius (c. 409). His commentary on the
dream of Scipio was a favourite work in Medieval times.
*
Martianus Capella
Martianus Minneus Felix Capella (fl. c. 410–420) was a jurist, polymath and Latin prose writer of late antiquity, one of the earliest developers of the system of the seven liberal arts that structured early medieval education. He was a nati ...
(c. 400). Wrote a poem, THE MARRIAGE OF MERCURY AND PHILOLOGIA, treating of THE SEVEN LIBERAL ARTS, which was the standard text-book from the 5th century for the schools.
*
Mashallah ibn Athari
''Mashallah'' ( ar, مَا شَاءَ ٱللَّٰهُ, '), also written Masha'Allah, Maşallah (Turkey and Azerbaijan), Masya Allah (Malaysia and Indonesia), Maschallah (Germany), and Mašallah (Bosnia), is an Arabic phrase that is used to expres ...
(c. 1100).
*METHODIUS, PSEUDO- (8th century). DE AGARINI.
*
Michael Scot
Michael Scot (Latin: Michael Scotus; 1175 – ) was a Scottish mathematician and scholar in the Middle Ages. He was educated at Oxford and Paris, and worked in Bologna and Toledo, where he learned Arabic. His patron was Frederick II of the H ...
(c. 1235). At this time concerned in the translation of some Arabic works on Astronomy, and Aristotle's DE COELO and DE MUNDO DE ANIMA, and HISTORIA NATURALIS with commentaries.
*MISALATH ASTROLOGUS (?).
*
Papias (lexicographer) Papias ('' fl.'' 1040s–1060s) was a Latin lexicographer from Italy. Although he is often referred to as Papias the Lombard, little is known of his life, including whether he actually came from Lombardy. ''The Oxford History of English Lexicograph ...
(c. 1053). Grammarian.
ilan, 1467, etc.*Perspectiva Sciencia. According to William Morris this may be Bacon's, Peckham's, or Albertus Magnus', but he favors Peckham.
Others say;
Alhacen
Ḥasan Ibn al-Haytham, Latinized as Alhazen (; full name ; ), was a medieval mathematician, astronomer, and physicist of the Islamic Golden Age from present-day Iraq.For the description of his main fields, see e.g. ("He is one of the prin ...
's ''De Aspectibus'', a medieval Latin translation of Ibn al-Haytham's ''Kitab al-Manazir (
Book of Optics)'', was first cited in this compendium, dated about 1240.
*
Petrus Comestor
Petrus Comestor, also called Pierre le Mangeur (died 22 October 1178), was a twelfth-century French theological writer and university teacher.
Life
Petrus Comestor was born in Troyes. Although the name ''Comestor'' (Latin for 'eater', ''le Ma ...
(died 1198). Named MAGISTER HISTORIARUM or Master of Histories, wrote an account of the world from the Creation, which, when translated into French, was called the "Mer des Histoires." A favourite Medieval book.
*PHILARETUS (1100). A writer on Medicine. date seems wrong here redirects to
Theophilus Protospatharius
Theophilus Protospatharius ( el, Θεόφιλος Πρωτοσπαθάριος; ca. 7th century) was the author of several extant Greek medical works of uncertain status, either from Philaretus or Philotheus. Nothing is known of his life or the ti ...
The real Philaretus wrote on pulses
*
Physiologus
The ''Physiologus'' () is a didactic Christian text written or compiled in Greek by an unknown author, in Alexandria; its composition has been traditionally dated to the 2nd century AD by readers who saw parallels with writings of Clement of Al ...
. A Syriac compilation of moralities on animal myths. It first appears in Western Europe as THEOBALDUS DE NATURIS XII. ANIMALIUM. Of Alexandrian origin, it dates from before the 4th century, and appears to have been altered at the will of each writer.
*PLATEARIUS SALERNITANUS (c. 1100) was Johannes, one of a family of physicians at Salerno.
His work is called the PRACTICA. A book on the virtues of herbs.
ugd., 1525, etc.*
Plato
Plato ( ; grc-gre, Πλάτων ; 428/427 or 424/423 – 348/347 BC) was a Greek philosopher born in Athens during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. He founded the Platonist school of thought and the Academy, the first institution ...
(430-348 BC). The
Timaeus (dialogue)
''Timaeus'' (; grc-gre, Τίμαιος, Timaios, ) is one of Plato's dialogues, mostly in the form of long monologues given by Critias and Timaeus, written 360 BC. The work puts forward reasoning on the possible nature of the physical world ...
is quoted, probably from
Chalcidius
Calcidius (or Chalcidius) was a 4th-century philosopher (and possibly a Christian) who translated the first part (to 53c) of Plato's '' Timaeus'' from Greek into Latin around the year 321 and provided with it an extensive commentary. This was lik ...
.
*
Pliny
Pliny may refer to:
People
* Pliny the Elder (23–79 CE), ancient Roman nobleman, scientist, historian, and author of ''Naturalis Historia'' (''Pliny's Natural History'')
* Pliny the Younger (died 113), ancient Roman statesman, orator, w ...
(died 79). Natural History. This and Isidore's work are the two chief sources of medieval knowledge of Nature.
*
Priscian
Priscianus Caesariensis (), commonly known as Priscian ( or ), was a Latin grammarian and the author of the ''Institutes of Grammar'', which was the standard textbook for the study of Latin during the Middle Ages. It also provided the raw materia ...
(c. 525). Grammarian and physicist.
*
Ptolemy
Claudius Ptolemy (; grc-gre, Πτολεμαῖος, ; la, Claudius Ptolemaeus; AD) was a mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer, and music theorist, who wrote about a dozen scientific treatises, three of which were of importance ...
(c. 130). An Alexandrian astronomer, known through Arabic translations only at that time.
en., 1509, etc.*
Rabanus Maurus (776-856) of Fulda, pupil of
Alcuin
Alcuin of York (; la, Flaccus Albinus Alcuinus; 735 – 19 May 804) – also called Ealhwine, Alhwin, or Alchoin – was a scholar, clergyman, poet, and teacher from York, Northumbria. He was born around 735 and became the student o ...
. A Benedictine, afterwards Archbishop of Mayence, who wrote DE UNIVERSO MUNDO.
468; Col., 1627, etc.*
Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi (died 935). An Arab physician, perhaps the greatest of the School.
en., 1548, etc.*
Remigius of Auxerre Remigius (Remi) of Auxerre ( la, Remigius Autissiodorensis; c. 841 – 908) was a Benedictine monk during the Carolingian period, a teacher of Latin grammar, and a prolific author of commentaries on classical Greek and Latin texts. He is also acc ...
(died 908). A teacher of Grammar in the School of Paris. His grammar remained in use there four centuries. He wrote a gloss on
Marcianus Capella.
*
Richard of Saint Victor
Richard of Saint Victor (died 1173) was a Medieval Scottish philosopher and theologian and one of the most influential religious thinkers of his time. A canon regular, he was a prominent mystical theologian, and was prior of the famous Augustin ...
(died 1173). A Scottish theologian, Prior of St. Victor. A mystic of considerable acuteness.
en., 1506, etc.*
Richard Rufus of Cornwall (c. 1225). A Cornishman who was a doctor in great renown, both at Oxford and Paris. He afterwards joined the Franciscans.
*
Robert Grosseteste
Robert Grosseteste, ', ', or ') or the gallicised Robert Grosstête ( ; la, Robertus Grossetesta or '). Also known as Robert of Lincoln ( la, Robertus Lincolniensis, ', &c.) or Rupert of Lincoln ( la, Rubertus Lincolniensis, &c.). ( ; la, Rob ...
(died 1253), the celebrated Bishop of Lincoln and patron of Bacon. Taught at Paris and at Oxford. Commentaries on Aristotle.
*SALUSTIUS (died 363?). DE DIIS ET MUNDO. A geographer.
*
Schola Medica Salernitana
The Schola Medica Salernitana ( it, Scuola Medica Salernitana) was a Medieval medical school, the first and most important of its kind. Situated on the Tyrrhenian Sea in the south Italian city of Salerno, it was founded in the 9th century and rose ...
(c. 1100). A treatise on the preservation of health in leonine verse for popular use, said to be addressed to Robert of England. It has been translated and commented on hundreds of times. The Middle Age very sensibly thought preservation from disease a branch of medicine equally important with the cure of it.
*SECUNDUS. A writer on Medicine. 4th century used
Pliny
Pliny may refer to:
People
* Pliny the Elder (23–79 CE), ancient Roman nobleman, scientist, historian, and author of ''Naturalis Historia'' (''Pliny's Natural History'')
* Pliny the Younger (died 113), ancient Roman statesman, orator, w ...
*
Gaius Julius Solinus
Gaius Julius Solinus was a Latin grammarian, geographer, and compiler who probably flourished in the early 3rd century AD. Historical scholar Theodor Mommsen dates him to the middle of the 3rd century.
Solinus was the author of ''De mirabilibus mu ...
(c. 100). Wrote an account of things in general—POLYHISTORIA
*STEPHANUS (c. 600). Commentary on Galen.
*
Walafrid Strabo
Walafrid, alternatively spelt Walahfrid, nicknamed Strabo (or Strabus, i.e. " squint-eyed") (c. 80818 August 849), was an Alemannic Benedictine monk and theological writer who lived on Reichenau Island in southern Germany.
Life
Walafrid Strabo ...
(died 847). A Benedictine, Abbot of Reichenau, near Constance. One of the authors of the Gloss.
*SYMON CORNUBIENSIS (?).
*
Marcus Terentius Varro
Marcus Terentius Varro (; 116–27 BC) was a Roman polymath and a prolific author. He is regarded as ancient Rome's greatest scholar, and was described by Petrarch as "the third great light of Rome" (after Vergil and Cicero). He is sometimes calle ...
, M. T. (116-26 BC). Most celebrated grammarian.
*
Virgil
Publius Vergilius Maro (; traditional dates 15 October 7021 September 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil ( ) in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He composed three of the most famous poems in Latin literature: th ...
(70-19 BC).
*
William of Conches
William of Conches (c. 1090/1091 – c. 1155/1170s) was a French scholastic philosopher who sought to expand the bounds of Christian humanism by studying secular works of the classics and fostering empirical science. He was a prominent member ...
(died 1150). Lectured at Paris, 1139, on Grammar, wrote DE NATURA.
*
Zeno of Cyprus
Zeno of Cyprus ( grc, Ζήνων ὁ Κύπριος), (4th century), was a Greek physician, a native of Cyprus, and the tutor of Ionicus, Magnus, and Oribasius.Eunapius, ''Vit. Philos.'' Eunapius states that he lived "down to the time of Julian the ...
(c. 400), A writer on Medicine, and teacher at Alexandria.
Church positions
Bartholomew was elected as Minister of
Austria
Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...
in 1247 and was then elected as Minister of
Bohemia in 1255. This appointment included
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...
where he resolved a dispute between Duke Boleslaw and the Cathedral Chapter at
Kraków
Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland until 1596 ...
.
Pope Alexander IV
Pope Alexander IV (1199 or 1185 – 25 May 1261) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 12 December 1254 to his death in 1261.
Early career
He was born as Rinaldo di Jenne in Jenne (now in the Province of Rome), he ...
appointed him as
Papal legate north of the
Carpathians
The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians () are a range of mountains forming an arc across Central Europe. Roughly long, it is the third-longest European mountain range after the Urals at and the Scandinavian Mountains at . The range stretches ...
in 1256 and appointed him as the Bishop of Łuków. However, he was probably not consecrated in that position due to the
second Mongol invasion of Poland
The second Mongol invasion of Poland was carried out by general Boroldai (Burundai) in 1259–1260. During this invasion the cities of Sandomierz, Kraków, Lublin, Zawichost, and Bytom were sacked by Mongols for the second time.
History
The in ...
in 1259. Bartholomew was appointed as Minister at
Saxonia in 1262 and served in that position until his death in 1272.
He was at some point confused with
Bartholomeus de Glanvilla, another Franciscan friar who lived a century later.
References
;Citations
;Bibliography
*
*
External links
*
*
De proprietatibus rerum 20 June 1492 edition published by A. Koberger in Nuremberg
heldby the Corning Museum of Glass. (Accessed 17 April 2014)
* French translation by Jean Corbechon
''Le Propriétaire des choses'', (Lyon 1495) scanned by La Bibliothèque
d'agglomération de Saint-Omer.
* French translation by Jean Corbechon
''Le Propriétaire des choses'', (c. 1500), scanned by La bibliothèque municipale de
Nîmes.
* Complete text of the English translation by John de Trevisa revised by
Stephen Batman
Stephen or Stephan Batman or Bateman (died 1584) was an English translator and author.
Life
Batman was born at Bruton, Somerset, and, after a preliminary education in the school of his native town, went to Cambridge, where he had the reputation of ...
''Batman uppon Bartholome his booke De Proprietatibus Rerum'', (London 1582) Early English Books Online /
University of Michigan
, mottoeng = "Arts, Knowledge, Truth"
, former_names = Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania (1817–1821)
, budget = $10.3 billion (2021)
, endowment = $17 billion (2021)As o ...
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bartholomeus Anglicus
English Franciscans
1272 deaths
Year of birth uncertain
13th-century Latin writers
English male writers
Latin encyclopedists
13th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Poland