The Bambuseae are the most diverse

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English language, English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in p ...

bamboo Bamboos are a diverse group of evergreen perennial flowering plants making up the subfamily Bambusoideae of the grass family Poaceae. Giant bamboos are the largest members of the grass family. The origin of the word "bamboo" is uncertain, bu ...

s in the grass

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

(

Poaceae Poaceae () or Gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in lawns an ...

). They consist of woody species from tropical regions, including some

giant bamboo Giant bamboo is a common name for several large species of bamboo and may refer to: * Large species in the genus ''Bambusa'' include: ** "Giant timber bamboo" (''Bambusa oldhamii''), a large (to 20 m) bamboo species originating from Taiwan ** ''Bamb ...

s. Their

sister group In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and t ...

are the small herbaceous bamboos from the tropics in tribe

Olyreae Olyreae is a tribe of grasses in the bamboo subfamily (Bambusoideae). Unlike the other two bamboo tribes, Olyreae are herbaceous and do not have a woody stem. Their sister group are the tropical woody bamboos ( Bambuseae). Olyreae grow in the un ...

, while the temperate woody bamboos (

Arundinarieae Arundinarieae is a tribe of bamboo in the grass family (Poaceae) containing a single subtribe, Arundinariinae, and 31 genera. These woody bamboos occur in areas with warm temperate climates in southeastern North America, Subsaharan Africa, South ...

) are more distantly related. The Bambuseae fall into two

clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...

s, corresponding to species from the

Neotropics The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropics, tropical Ecoregion#Terrestrial, terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperat ...

(

subtribe Subtribe is a taxonomic category ranking which is below the rank of tribe and above genus. The standard suffix for a subtribe is -ina (in animals) or -inae (in plants Plants are predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plant ...

Arthrostylidiinae The Arthrostylidiinae is a subtribe of bamboo (tribe Bambuseae of the family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purp ...

Chusqueinae ''Chusquea'' is a genus of evergreen bamboos in the grass family. Most of them are native to mountain habitats in Latin America, from Mexico to southern Chile and Argentina. They are sometimes referred to as South American mountain bamboos. Un ...

, and

Guaduinae The Guaduinae is a subtribe of bamboo (tribe Bambuseae of the family Poaceae Poaceae () or Gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, ...

) and from the

Paleotropics The Paleotropical Kingdom (Paleotropis) is a floristic kingdom comprising tropical areas of Africa, Asia and Oceania (excluding Australia and New Zealand), as proposed by Ronald Good and Armen Takhtajan. Part of its flora, inherited from the ancient ...

(subtribes

Bambusinae The Bambusinae are a subtribe of bamboo (tribe Bambuseae of the family Poaceae). It comprises 17 genera. Genera *''Bambusa'' *''Bonia'' *'' Cochinchinochloa'' *''Dendrocalamus'' *''Fimbribambusa'' *''Gigantochloa'' *'' Laobambos'' *'' Maclu ...

Hickeliinae The Hickeliinae are a subtribe of bamboo (tribe Bambuseae of the family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose o ...

Melocanninae The Melocanninae is a subtribe of bamboo (tribe Bambuseae of the family Poaceae). Genera Nine genera were accepted by Soreng et al.: *'' Annamocalamus'' *''Cephalostachyum'' *''Davidsea'' *''Melocanna'' *''Neohouzeaua'' *''Ochlandra'' *''P ...

, and Racemobambosinae).

Subtribes and genera

The 73

genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclat ...

are placed in eleven subtribes: * subtribe

: *:''

Actinocladum ''Actinocladum'' is a South American genus of bamboo in the grass family. ;Species The only known species is ''Actinocladum verticillatum.'' The species is widespread across Bolivia and much of Brazil.Renvoize, S. A. 1998. Gramíneas de Boliv ...

'', ''

Alvimia ''Alvimia'' is a Brazilian genus of bamboo in the Poaceae, grass family. It is native to the eastern coastal regions of the State of Bahia in eastern Brazil. ;Species # ''Alvimia auriculata'' Soderstr. & Londoño # ''Alvimia gracilis'' Soderst ...

'', '' Arthrostylidium'', ''

Athroostachys ''Athroostachys'' is a Brazilian genus of bamboo in the grass family. The only known species is ''Athroostachys capitata,'' native to Brazil (States of Bahia, Mato Grosso, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro). See also * List of Poaceae genera The tr ...

'', ''

Atractantha ''Atractantha'' is a South American genus of bamboo in the grass family, native to Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela. ;Species # '' Atractantha amazonica'' Judz. & L.G.Clark - Amazonas in Brazil, Amazonas in Venezuela, Vaupés in Colombia # '' ...

'', ''

Aulonemia ''Aulonemia'' is a genus of Latin American bamboo in the grass family. ;Species ;Formerly included see ''Colanthelia Olmeca'' * ''Aulonemia cingulata - Colanthelia cingulata'' * ''Aulonemia clarkiae - Olmeca clarkiae'' * ''Aulonemia fulgor ...

'', ''

Cambajuva ''Cambajuva'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Poaceae Poaceae () or Gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, ...

'', ''

Colanthelia ''Colanthelia'' is a genus of South American bamboo in the grass family, native to southern Brazil and northeastern Argentina. ;SpeciesSmith, L.B., D. C. Wasshausen & R.M. Klein. 1981. Gramíneas. Gêneros: 1. Bambusa até 44. Chloris. 1(GRAM): ...

'', ''

Didymogonyx ''Didymogonyx'' is a genus of South American bamboo in the grass family. ;Species # '' Didymogonyx geminatum'' (McClure) C.D.Tyrrell, L.G.Clark & Londoño - Colombia, Venezuela # '' Didymogonyx longispiculatum'' (Londoño & L.G.Clark) C.D.Tyrrel ...

'', ''

Elytrostachys ''Elytrostachys'' is a genus of bamboo (tribe Bambuseae of the family Poaceae), found in the rainforests from Honduras to Venezuela. ;Species # '' Elytrostachys clavigera'' McClure - Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panamá, Colombia # ''Elytro ...

'', ''

Filgueirasia ''Filgueirasia'' is a genus of Brazilian bamboo in the grass family. Members of the genus were originally published as species of ''Apoclada'' and were classified in that genus for many years.McClure, F. 1973. Genera of Bamboos Native to the Ne ...

'', ''

Glaziophyton ''Glaziophyton'' is a Brazilian genus of bamboo in the Poaceae, grass family. Species The only known species is ''Glaziophyton mirabile,'' native to the State of Rio de Janeiro (state), Rio de Janeiro in southeastern Brazil. References

...

'', ''

Merostachys ''Merostachys'' is a Neotropical genus of bamboo in the grass family. It is found in South America and Central America from Belize to Paraguay. ;Species ;Formerly included see ''Athroostachys Rhipidocladum'' * ''Merostachys capitata - Athroos ...

'', ''

Myriocladus ''Myriocladus'' is a South American genus of bamboo in the grass family. It is found in the sandstone tablelands of Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and northern Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Por ...

'', ''

Rhipidocladum ''Rhipidocladum'' is a genus of New World woody bamboo in the grass family). It found in Mesoamerica, Trinidad, and South America. The genus is characterized by 1) erect, non-pseudopetiolate culm leaves, 2) numerous branchlets arising in an aspi ...

'' * subtribe

: *:''

Bambusa ''Bambusa'' is a large genus of clumping bamboos. Most species of ''Bambusa'' are rather large, with numerous branches emerging from the nodes, and one or two much larger than the rest. The branches can be as long as 11 m (35 ft). The ...

'', ''

Bonia ''Bonia'' is a genus of Chinese and Vietnamese bamboos in the grass family. ;Species * ''Bonia amplexicaulis'' (L.C.Chia, H.L.Fung & Y.L.Yang) N.H.Xia – Guangxi * ''Bonia levigata'' (L.C.Chia, H.L.Fung & Y.L.Yang) N.H.Xia – Hainan * ''Bonia ...

'', ''

Cochinchinochloa ''Cochinchinochloa'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Poaceae Poaceae () or Gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal g ...

'', ''

Dendrocalamus ''Dendrocalamus'' is a tropical Asian genus of giant clumping bamboos in the grass family. It is found in the Indian subcontinent, China, and Southeast Asia. '' Dendrocalamus giganteus'' is one of the tallest of bamboos, capable of reaching heig ...

'', ''

Fimbribambusa ''Bambusa'' is a large genus of clumping bamboos. Most species of ''Bambusa'' are rather large, with numerous branches emerging from the nodes, and one or two much larger than the rest. The branches can be as long as 11 m (35 ft). The ...

'', ''

Gigantochloa ''Gigantochloa'' is a tropical Asian and Papuasian genus of giant clumping bamboos in the grass family. It is found in southern China, Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and New Guinea. ;Species ;Formerly included see ''Bambusa Dendrocal ...

'', '' Maclurochloa'', ''

Melocalamus ''Melocalamus'' is a genus of Asian bamboos in the grass family. It is found in lowland areas of Southern China, Indochina, and the eastern part of the Indian Subcontinent. ;Species ;Formerly included see ''Dinochloa ''Dinochloa'' is a gen ...

'', ''

Neomicrocalamus ''Neomicrocalamus'' is an Asian genus of bamboo in the grass family. Species The genus contains the following species: * ''Neomicrocalamus andropogonifolius'' (Griff.) Stapleton – Bhutan, Arunachal Pradesh * ''Neomicrocalamus dongvanensis'' T ...

'', ''

Oreobambos ''Oreobambos buchwaldii'' is the sole representative of ''Oreobambos'', a monotypic African genus of bamboo, most closely related to the large genus ''Bambusa'' from tropical Asia and America. It is large and perennial with arching stems up to 20 ...

'', ''

Oxytenanthera ''Oxytenanthera'' is a genus of African bamboo. Bamboos are members of the grass family Poaceae. The only recognized species in this genus is ''Oxytenanthera abyssinica''. This species is found widespread across much of sub-Saharan Africa. In ...

'', ''

Phuphanochloa ''Phuphanochloa'' is a genus of flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, ves ...

'', '' Pseudobambusa'', ''

Pseudoxytenanthera ''Pseudoxytenanthera'' is a genus of Asian bamboo in the grass family native to India, Sri Lanka, and Indochina. ;Species # '' Pseudoxytenanthera bourdillonii'' (Gamble) H.B.Naithani – India # '' Pseudoxytenanthera monadelpha'' (Thwaites) So ...

'', ''

Soejatmia ''Soejatmia'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Poaceae. It just contains one species, ''Soejatmia ridleyi'' (Gamble) K.M.Wong Its native range is from the peninsula of Thailand to Malaya. The genus name of ''Soe ...

'', ''

Thyrsostachys ''Thyrsostachys'' is a genus of Chinese and Indochinese bamboo in the grass family. ;Species # ''Thyrsostachys oliveri'' Gamble - edible-seeded bamboo - Yunnan, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand; naturalised in Assam + Bangladesh # ''Thyrsostachys siame ...

'', ''

Vietnamosasa ''Vietnamosasa'' is a genus of Indochinese bamboo in the grass family. ;Species # ''Vietnamosasa ciliata'' (A.Camus) T.Q.Nguyen – Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam # ''Vietnamosasa darlacensis'' T.Q.Nguyen – Vietnam # ''Vietnamosasa pusilla'' (A.Chev. ...

'', ''

Yersinochloa ''Yersinochloa'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Poaceae. Its native range is Vietnam. Species: * ''Yersinochloa dalatensis ''Yersinochloa'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Poaceae Poaceae ...

'' * subtribe

: *:''

Chusquea ''Chusquea'' is a genus of evergreen bamboos in the grass family. Most of them are native to mountain habitats in Latin America, from Mexico to southern Chile and Argentina. They are sometimes referred to as South American mountain bamboos. Unl ...

'' * subtribe Dinochloinae: *:''

Cyrtochloa ''Cyrtochloa'' is a genus of Philippine bamboo in the Poaceae, grass family. Species References External links

Bambusoideae Bambusoideae genera Endemic flora of the Philippines {{Philippines-stub ...

'', ''

Dinochloa ''Dinochloa'' is a genus of tropical clumping high-climbing bamboos in the grass family. These species bear zigzag culms and fleshy fruits. They are found in the hill forests and lowland dipterocarp forest of southern China, Southeast Asia, a ...

'', ''

Mullerochloa ''Mullerochloa'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Poaceae. It just contains one species, ''Mullerochloa moreheadiana'' (F.M.Bailey) K.M.Wong It is native to Queensland in north-eastern Australia. The grass forms ...

'', ''

Neololeba ''Neololeba'' is a tropical Asian, Australian, and Papuasian genus of bamboos in the grass family. ;Species * '' Neololeba amahussana'' (Lindl.) Widjaja – Ambon, Seram * '' Neololeba atra'' (Lindl.) Widjaja- Philippines, Sulawesi, Maluku, N ...

'', ''

Pinga In Inuit religion, Pinga ("the one who is p onhigh") is a goddess of the hunt and medicine. She is heavily associated with the sky. Caribou Inuit tradition In Caribou Inuit communities, Pinga had some authority over caribou herds. She became a ...

'', ''

Parabambusa ''Parabambusa'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Poaceae. Its native range is New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; id, Papua, or , historically ) is the world's second-largest island with an area of . ...

'', ''

Sphaerobambos ''Sphaerobambos'' is a genus of Southeast Asian bamboo, in the grass family. ;Species # ''Sphaerobambos hirsuta'' S.Dransf. - Sabah # ''Sphaerobambos philippinensis'' (Gamble) S.Dransf. - Mindanao # ''Sphaerobambos subtilis'' S.Dransf. - Sul ...

'' * subtribe

Greslaniinae ''Greslania'' is a genus of small perennial bamboo, bamboos in the Poaceae, grass family, endemic (ecology), endemic to New Caledonia, with 4 accepted species.

: *:'' Greslania'' * subtribe

: *:''

Apoclada ''Apoclada'' is a genus of Brazilian bamboo in the grass family). The only known species is ''Apoclada simplex'', found in the forests of southeastern Brazil (States of Santa Catarina, Paraná, and São Paulo).Renvoize, S. A. 1988. Hatschbach ...

'', ''

Eremocaulon ''Eremocaulon'' is a genus of Brazilian bamboo in the grass family. ;SpeciesLondoño, X. & L. G. Clark. 2002. A revision of the Brazilian bamboo genus ''Eremocaulon'' (Poaceae: Bambuseae: Guaduinae). Systematic Botany 27(4): 703–721. # ''Erem ...

'', ''

Guadua ''Guadua'' is a Neotropical genus of thorny, clumping bamboo in the grass family, ranging from moderate to very large species. Physically, ''Guadua angustifolia'' is noted for being the largest Neotropical bamboo. The genus is similar to ''Bam ...

'', ''

Olmeca ''Olmeca'' is a genus of Mesoamerican bamboo in the grass family. ''Olmeca'' is the only known New World bamboo having large fleshy fruits. It also has rhizomes with long necks and very open clumps. The genus is named for the Olmec peoples o ...

'', '' Otatea'' * subtribe

: *:''

Cathariostachys ''Cathariostachys'' is a genus of Madagascan bamboo in the grass family. ;Species # '' Cathariostachys capitata'' - eastern Madagascar # ''Cathariostachys madagascariensis'' (A.Camus) S.Dransf. - central Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, ...

'', ''

Decaryochloa ''Decaryochloa'' is a genus of Madagascar, Madagascan bamboo in the Poaceae, grass family. There is only one known species, ''Decaryochloa diadelpha'', found only in Madagascar. Description ''Decaryochloa'' is a bamboo liana. It flowers in Apri ...

'', ''

Hickelia ''Hickelia'' is a genus of African bamboo in the grass family. ;Species # ''Hickelia africana'' S.Dransf. - Tanzania # ''Hickelia alaotrensis'' A.Camus - Madagascar # ''Hickelia madagascariensis'' A.Camus - Madagascar # ''Hickelia perrieri'' (A ...

'', ''

Hitchcockella ''Hitchcockella baronii'' is a species of bamboo, the only known species of the genus ''Hitchcockella''. It is found in Madagascar and was first described by Aimée Antoinette Camus Aimée Antoinette Camus (1 May 1879 – 17 April 1965) w ...

'', ''

Nastus ''Nastus'' is a genus of slender, erect, scrambling or climbing bamboos in the grass family. It is native to Southeast Asia, Papuasia, and certain islands in the Indian Ocean (Madagascar and Réunion). ;Species ;formerly included see ''Arundi ...

'', ''

Perrierbambus ''Perrierbambus'' is a genus of Madagascan bamboo in the grass family. The genus name of ''Perrierbambus'' is in honour of Joseph Marie Henry Alfred Perrier de la Bâthie (1873–1958), a French botanist who specialized in the plants of Madaga ...

'', ''

Sirochloa ''Sirochloa'' is a genus of bamboo in the grass family. ;Species There is only one known species, ''Sirochloa parvifolia'', found in Madagascar and in nearby Comoros and Mayotte Mayotte (; french: Mayotte, ; Shimaore: ''Maore'', ; Kibushi ...

'', ''

Sokinochloa ''Sokinochloa'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Poaceae. Its native range is Madagascar. Species Species: *''Sokinochloa australis'' *''Sokinochloa bosseri'' *''Sokinochloa brachyclada'' *''Sokinochloa chapelieri'' *' ...

'', ''

Valiha The valiha is a tube zither from Madagascar made from a species of local bamboo; it is considered the " national instrument" of Madagascar. The term is also used to describe a number of related zithers of differing shapes and materials. Th ...

'' * subtribe Holttumochloinae: *:''

Holttumochloa ''Holttumochloa'' is a genus of Malaysian bamboos in the Poaceae, grass family native to the hill forests of Peninsular Malaysia. It is sometimes included in the genus ''Bambusa''. The genus name of ''Holttumochloa'' is in honour of Richard Eric ...

'', ''

Kinabaluchloa ''Kinabaluchloa'' is a genus of Southeast Asian bamboos in the grass family. ;Species * '' Kinabaluchloa nebulosa'' K.M.Wong - Sabah, Brunei * ''Kinabaluchloa wrayi'' (Stapf) K.M.Wong - Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam Vietnam or ...

'', ''

Nianhochloa ''Nianhochloa'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Poaceae Poaceae () or Gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses ...

'' * subtribe

: *:'' Annamocalamus'', ''

Cephalostachyum ''Cephalostachyum'' is a genus of Asian and Madagascan bamboo in the grass family. The plants are of small to medium size compared to most other bamboo. Their choice habitats are mountain to lowland forests. ;Species ;formerly included see '' ...

'', ''

Davidsea ''Davidsea attenuata'' is a Sri Lankan species of bamboo in the grass family.Melocanna ''Melocanna'' is a genus of Asian clumping bamboo in the grass family. The 48-year cycle of '' M. baccifera'' in northeastern India is responsible for the phenomenon called "''mautam''" or " bamboo death", in which large populations of bamboo f ...

'', ''

Neohouzeaua ''Neohouzeaua'' is a genus of Asian bamboo within the Poaceae, grass family).Ochlandra ''Ochlandra'' is a genus of Indian bamboo in the grass family). The species are endemic to the Western Ghats (India), except for one species from Sri Lanka. ;Species ;Formerly included see '' Cathariostachys Nastus Schizostachyum Valiha ...

'', ''

Pseudostachyum ''Pseudostachyum polymorphum'' is a monotypic Asian species of bamboo in the Poaceae, grass family.Schizostachyum ''Schizostachyum'' is a tall or shrub-like tropical genus of bamboo. They are natives mostly of tropical Asia and Papuasia, with a few species in Madagascar and on certain islands in the Pacific. A few have become naturalized in other tropical ...

'', ''

Stapletonia The Melocanninae is a subtribe of bamboo (tribe Bambuseae of the family Poaceae). Genera Nine genera were accepted by Soreng et al.: *'' Annamocalamus'' *''Cephalostachyum'' *''Davidsea'' *''Melocanna'' *''Neohouzeaua'' *''Ochlandra'' *''P ...

'' * subtribe Racemobambosinae: *:''

Chloothamnus The Bambuseae are the most diverse tribe of bamboos in the grass family (Poaceae). They consist of woody species from tropical regions, including some giant bamboos. Their sister group are the small herbaceous bamboos from the tropics in tribe ...

'', ''

Racemobambos ''Racemobambos'' is a genus of bamboo (tribe Bambuseae within the Poaceae) and the sole genus of its subtribe, the Racemobambodinae. The genus is native to Indonesia, Malaysia, and Papuasia Papuasia is a Level 2 botanical region defined in ...

'', ''

Widjajachloa ''Widjajachloa'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Poaceae Poaceae () or Gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasse ...

'' * subtribe

Temburongiinae ''Temburongia'' is a genus of bamboo from the Sultanate of Brunei on the Island of Borneo. It is usually classified in the subtribe Subtribe is a taxonomic category ranking which is below the rank of tribe and above genus. The standard suffix ...

: *:''

Temburongia ''Temburongia'' is a genus of bamboo from the Sultanate of Brunei on the Island of Borneo. It is usually classified in the subtribe Shibataeinae, though its exact relationship with the subtribe remains unclear. Species The only described speci ...

'' * ''

incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty ...

'' *:''

Ruhooglandia ''Ruhooglandia'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Poaceae. It only contains one knowns species, ''Ruhooglandia hooglandii'' (Holttum) S.Dransf. & K.M.Wong It is native to New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu ...

'', '' Temochloa''

References

{{Authority control Poaceae tribes