bad kreuznach

Bad Kreuznach () is a town in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is a spa town, most well known for its medieval bridge dating from around 1300, the Alte Nahebrücke, which is one of the few remaining bridges in the world with buildings on it.Brückenhäuser, Alte Nahebrücke, Neustadt , Bad Kreuznach
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www.romantic-germany.info
(in English). Retrieved 14 June 2018

The town is located in the Nahe River wine region, renowned both nationally and internationally for its wines, especially from the Riesling, Silvaner and Müller-Thurgau grape varieties.

Bad Kreuznach does not lie within any ''Verbandsgemeinde'', even though it is the seat of the Bad Kreuznach (Verbandsgemeinde). The town is the seat of several courts, as well as federal and state authorities. Bad Kreuznach is also officially a ''große kreisangehörige Stadt'' ("large town belonging to a district"), meaning that it does not have the district-level powers that ''kreisfreie Städte'' ("district-free towns/cities") enjoy. It is, nonetheless, the district seat, and also the seat of the state chamber of commerce for Rhineland-Palatinate. It is classed as a middle centre with some functions of an upper centre, making it the administrative, cultural and economic hub of a region with more than 150,000 inhabitants.

Geography

Location

Bad Kreuznach lies between the Hunsrück, Rhenish Hesse and the North Palatine Uplands, some as the crow flies south-southwest of Bingen am Rhein. It lies at the mouth of the Ellerbach, where it empties into the lower Nahe.

Neighbouring municipalities

Clockwise from the north, Bad Kreuznach's neighbours are the municipalities of Bretzenheim, Langenlonsheim, Gensingen, Welgesheim, Zotzenheim, Sprendlingen, Badenheim (these last five lying in the neighbouring Mainz-Bingen district), Biebelsheim, Pfaffen-Schwabenheim, Volxheim, Hackenheim, Frei-Laubersheim, Altenbamberg, Traisen, Hüffelsheim, Rüdesheim an der Nahe, Roxheim, Hargesheim and Guldental.

Constituent communities

Bad Kreuznach's outlying ''Ortsbezirke'' or '' Stadtteile'' are Bosenheim, Ippesheim, Planig, Winzenheim and Bad Münster am Stein-Ebernburg.

Climate

Yearly precipitation in Bad Kreuznach amounts to 517 mm, which is very low, falling into the lowest third of the precipitation chart for all Germany. Only at 5% of the German Weather Service's weather stations are even lower figures recorded. The driest month is January. The most rainfall comes in June. In that month, precipitation is 1.8 times what it is in January. Precipitation varies only slightly. At only 7% of the weather stations are lower seasonal swings recorded.

History

Antiquity

As early as the 5th century BC, there is conclusive evidence that there was a Celtic settlement within what are now Bad Kreuznach's town limits. About 58 BC, the area became part of the Roman Empire and a Roman vicus came into being here, named, according to legend, after a Celt called Cruciniac, who transferred a part of his land to the Romans for them to build a supply station between Mainz (Mogontiacum) and Trier (Augusta Treverorum). Kreuznach lay on the Roman road that led from Metz (Divodurum), by way of the Saar crossing near Dillingen-Pachten (Contiomagus) and the Vicus Wareswald, near Tholey to Bingen am Rhein (Bingium). About AD 250, an enormous (measuring 81 × 71 m), luxurious palace, unique to the lands north of the Alps, was built, in the style of a peristyle villa. It contained 50 rooms on the ground floor alone. Spolia found near the ''Heidenmauer'' ("Heathen Wall") have led to the conclusion that there were a temple to either Mercury or both Mercury and Maia and a Gallo-Roman provincial theatre. According to an inscription and tile plates that were found in Bad Kreuznach, a vexillatio of the Legio XXII Primigenia was stationed there. In the course of measures to shore up the Imperial border against the Germanic Alemannic tribes who kept making incursions across the limes into the Empire, an auxiliary castrum was built in 370 under Emperor Valentinian I.

Middle Ages

After Rome's downfall, Kreuznach became in the year 500 a royal estate and an imperial village in the newly growing Frankish Empire. Then, the town's first church was built within the old castrum's walls, which was at first consecrated to Saint Martin, but later to Saint Kilian, and in 1590, it was torn down. According to an 822 document from Louis the Pious, who was invoking an earlier document from Charlemagne, about 741, Saint Martin's Church in Kreuznach was supposedly donated to the Bishopric of Würzburg by his forebear Carloman. According to this indirect note, Kreuznach once again had a documentary mention in the ''Annales regni Francorum'' as Royal ''Pfalz'' (an imperial palace), where Louis the Pious stayed in 819 and 839. Kreuznach was mentioned in documents by Louis the Pious (in 823 as ''villa Cruciniacus'' and in 825 and 839, as ''Cruciniacum castrum'' or ''Cruciniacum palatium regium''), Louis the German (in 845 as ''villa Cruzinacha'' and in 868 as ''villa Cruciniacum''), Charles III, "the Fat" (in 882 as ''C ucinachum'', ''Crutcinacha'', ''Crucenachum''), Arnulf of Carinthia (in 889), Henry the Fowler (in 923), Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (in 962 as ''Cruciniacus'') and Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor (in 1179 as ''Cruczennach''). On the other hand, the ''Crucinaha'' in Emperor Otto III's documents from 1000 (which granted the rights to hold a yearly market and to strike coins) is today thought to refer to Christnach, an outlying centre of Waldbillig, a town nowadays in Luxembourg. In mediaeval and early modern Latin sources, Kreuznach is named not only as ''Crucenacum'', ''Crucin cum'' (adjective ''Crucenacensis'', ''Crucin censis'') and the like, but also as ''Stauronesus, Stauronesum'' (adjective ''Staurone s''; from σταυρός "cross" and νῆσος "island") or ''Naviculacrucis'' (from ''navicula'', a kind of small boat used on inland waterways, called a ''Nachen'' in German, and ''crux'' "cross"). Sometimes also encountered is the abbreviation ''Xnach'' (often with a Fraktur X, with a cross-stroke: $\mathfrak$). About 1017, Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor enfeoffed his wife Cunigunde's grandnephew, Count Eberhard V of Nellenburg, with the noble estate of Kreuznach and the Villa Schwabenheim belonging thereto. After his death, King Henry IV supposedly donated the settlement of Kreuznach to the High Foundation of Speyer in 1065, who then transferred it shortly after 1105 – presumably as a fief – to the Counts of Sponheim. On Epiphany 1147, it is said that Bernard of Clairvaux performed a miraculous healing at Saint Kilian's Church. In 1183, half of the old Frankish village of Kreuznach at the former Roman castrum – the ''Osterburg'' – burnt down. Afterwards, of the 21 families there, 11 moved to what is now the Old Town (''Altstadt''). In the years 1206 to 1230, Counts Gottfried III of Sponheim (d. 1218) and Johann I of Sponheim (d. 1266) had the castle Kauzenburg built, even though King Philip of Swabia had forbidden them to do so. Along with the building of this castle came the rise of the New Town (''Neustadt'') on the Nahe's north bank. In the years 1235 and 1270, Kreuznach was granted town rights, market rights, taxation rights and tolling rights under the rule of the comital House of Sponheim, which were acknowledged once again in 1290 by King Rudolf I of Habsburg. In 1279, in the Battle of Sprendlingen, the legend of Michel Mort arose. He is a local legendary hero, a butcher from Kreuznach who fought on the Sponheim side in the battle against the troops of the Archbishop of Mainz. When Count Johann I of Sponheim found himself in difficulties, Michel Mort drew the enemy's lances upon himself, sparing the Count by bringing about his own death. Early knowledge of the town of Kreuznach is documented in one line of a song by the minstrel Tannhäuser from the 13th century, which is preserved in handwriting by Hans Sachs: ''"vur creűczenach rint aűch die na"''. In Modern German, this would be "''Vor Kreuznach rinnt auch die Nahe''" ("Before Kreuznach, the Nahe also runs"). Records witness Jewish settlement in Kreuznach beginning in the late 13th century, while for a short time in the early 14th century, North Italian traders ( "Lombards") lived in town. In the 13th century, Kreuznach was a fortified town and in 1320, it withstood a siege by Archbishop-Elector Baldwin of Trier (about 1270–1336). In 1361, Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor granted Count Walram I of Sponheim (about 1305–1380) a yearly market privilege for Kreuznach. In 1375, the townsfolk rose up against the town council. Count Walram's response was to have four of the uprising's leaders beheaded at the marketplace. Through its long time as Kreuznach's lordly family, the House of Sponheim had seven heads:
* Simon I (1223–1264)
* John I (1265–1290)
* John II (1290–1340) and Simon II (1290–1336)
* Walram (1336–1380)
* Simon III (1380–1414)
* Elisabeth (1414–1417)
In 1417, however, the "Further" line of the House of Sponheim died out when Countess Elisabeth of Sponheim-Kreuznach (1365–1417) died. In her will, she divided the county between Electoral Palatinate and the County of Sponheim-Starkenburg, bequeathing to them one fifth and four-fifths respectively. In 1418, King Sigismund of Luxembourg enfeoffed Count Johann V of Sponheim-Starkenburg (about 1359–1437) with the yearly market, the mint, the Jews at Kreuznach and the right of escort, as far as Gensingen on the Trier-Mainz highway. In 1437, the lordship over Kreuznach was divided up between the Counts of Veldenz, the Margraves of Baden and Palatinate-Simmern. In 1457, at a time when a children's crusade movement was on the rise, 120 children left Kreuznach on their way to Mont-Saint-Michel by way of Wissembourg. In 1475, Electoral Palatinate issued a comprehensive police act for the ''Amt'' of Kreuznach, in which at this time, no Badish ''Amtmann'' resided. Elector Palatine Philip the Upright and John I, Count Palatine of Simmern granted the town leave to hold a second yearly market in 1490. In that same year, Elector Palatine Philip bestowed ownership of the ''saltz- und badbronnen'' ("salty and bathing springs") upon his cooks Conrad Brunn and Matthes von Nevendorf. The briny springs were likely discovered in 1478; nevertheless, a ''Sulzer Hof'' in what is today called the Salinental ("Saltworks Dale") had already been mentioned in the 13th or 14th century. On 24 August 1495, there was another uprising of the townsfolk, but this one was directed at Kreuznach's Palatine ''Amtmann'', Albrecht V Göler von Ravensburg, who had refused to release a prisoner against the posting of a bond. Nobody was beheaded this time, but Elector Palatine Philip did have a few of the leaders maimed, and then put into force a new town order.

Town fortifications

The town wall, first mentioned in 1247, had a footprint that formed roughly a square in the Old Town, and was set back a few metres from what are today the streets Wilhelmstraße, Salinenstraße and Schloßstraße, with the fourth side skirting the millpond. Serving as town gates were, in the north, the ''Kilianstor'' or the ''Mühlentor'' ("Saint Kilian's Gate" or "Mill Gate"; torn down in 1877), in the southeast the ''Hackenheimer Tor'' (later the ''Mannheimer Tor''; torn down in 1860) and in the south the ''St.-Peter-Pförtchen'', which lay at the end of Rossstraße, and which for security was often walled up. In the New Town, the town wall ran from the ''Butterfass'' ("Butterchurn"; later serving as the prison tower) on the Nahe riverbank up to the intersection of Wilhelmstraße and Brückes on ''Bundesstraße'' 48, where to the northwest the ''Löhrpforte'' (also called the ''Lehrtor'' or the ''Binger Tor''; torn down about 1837) was found. It then ran in a bow between Hofgartenstraße and Hochstraße to the ''Rüdesheimer Tor'' in the southwest at the beginning of Gerbergasse, whose course it then followed down to the Ellerbach and along the Nahe as a riverbank wall. Along this section, the town wall contained the ''Fischerpforte'' or ''Ellerpforte'' as a watergate and in the south, the ''Große Pforte'' ("Great Gate") at the bridge across the Nahe. Belonging to the fortified complex of the Kauzenburg, across the Ellerbach from the New Town, were the ''Klappertor'' and a narrow, defensive ward (''zwinger''), from which the street known as "Zwingel" gets its name. On the bridge over to the ait (or the ''Wörth'' as it is called locally; the river island between the two parts of town) stood the ''Brückentor'' ("Bridge Gate"). To defend the town there was, besides the castle's Burgmannen, also a kind of townsmen's defence force or shooting guild (somewhat like a town militia). Preserved as an incunable print from 1487, printed in Mainz by Peter Schöffer (about 1425–1503), is an invitation from the mayor and town council to any and all who considered themselves good marksmen with the crossbow to come to a shooting contest on 23 September.

Jewish population

On 31 March 1283 (2 Nisan 5043) in Kreuznach (קרויצנאך), Rabbi Ephraim bar Elieser ha-Levi – apparently as a result of a judicial sentence – was broken on the wheel. The execution was likely linked to the Mainz blood libel accusations, which in March and April 1283 also led to pogroms in Mellrichstadt, Mainz, Bacharach and Rockenhausen.

In 1311, Aaron Judeus de Crucenaco (the last three words mean "the Jew from Kreuznach") was mentioned, as was a Jewish toll gatherer from Bingen am Rhein named Abraham von Kreuznach in 1328, 1342 and 1343. In 1336, Emperor Louis the Bavarian allowed Count Johann II of Sponheim-Kreuznach to permanently keep 60 house-owning freed Jews at Kreuznach or elsewhere on his lands ("''… daß er zu Creützenach oder anderstwoh in seinen landen 60 haußgesäsß gefreyter juden ewiglich halten möge …''"). After further persecution in the time of the Plague in 1348/1349, there is no further evidence of Jews in Kreuznach until 1375. By 1382 at the latest, the Jew Gottschalk (who died sometime between 1409 and 1421) from Katzenelnbogen was living in Kreuznach and owned the house at the corner of Lämmergasse and Mannheimerstraße 12 (later: Löwensteiner Hof) near the ''Eiermarkt'' ("Egg Market"). On a false charge of usury, Count Simon III of Sponheim (after 1330–1414) had him thrown in prison and only released him after payment of a hefty ransom. He was afterwards taken into protection by Ruprecht III of the Palatinate against a yearly payment of 10 Rhenish guilders. At Gottschalk's suggestion, Archbishop Johann of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein lifted the "dice toll" for Jews crossing the border into the Archbishopric of Mainz. The special taxes for Jews ordered in 1418 and 1434 by King Sigismund of Luxembourg were also imposed in Kreuznach.

In the Middle Ages, the eastern part of today's Poststraße in the New Town was the ''Judengasse'' ("Jews' Lane"). The ''Kleine Judengasse'' ran from the ''Judengasse'' to what is today called Magister-Faust-Gasse. In 1482, a "Jewish school" was mentioned, which might already have stood at Fährgasse 2 (lane formerly known as ''Kleine Eselsgass'' – "Little Ass's Lane"), where the Old Synagogue of Bad Kreuznach later stood (first mentioned here in 1715; new Baroque building in 1737; renovated in 1844; destroyed in 1938; torn down in 1953/1954; last wall remnant removed in 1975). In 1525, Louis V, Elector Palatine allowed Meïr Levi to settle for, at first, twelve years in Kreuznach, to organise the money market there, to receive visits, to lay out his own burial plot and to deal in medicines. In the earlier half of the 16th century, his son, the physician Isaak Levi, whose collection of medical works became well known as ''Des Juden buch von kreuczenach'' ("The Jew's Book of/from Kreuznach"), lived in Kreuznach. The work is preserved in a manuscript transcribed personally by Louis V, Elector Palatine. The oldest Jewish graveyard in Kreuznach lay in the area of today's ''Rittergut Bangert'' (knightly estate), having been mentioned in 1525 and 1636. The Jewish graveyard on Stromberger Straße was bought in 1661 (one preserved gravestone, however, dates from 1630) and expanded in 1919. It is said to be one of the best preserved in Rhineland-Palatinate. The Jewish family Creizenach, originally from Kreuznach, is known from records to have been in Mainz and Frankfurt am Main from 1733, and to have produced a number of important academics ( Michael Creizenach, Theodor Creizenach, and Wilhelm Creizenach). The Yiddish name for Kreuznach was צלם־מקום (abbreviated צ״מ), variously rendered in Latin script as ''Zelem-Mochum'' or ''Celemochum'' (with the initial Z or C intended to transliterate the letter "צ", as they would be pronounced /ts/ in German), which literally meant "Image Place", for pious Jews wished to avoid the term ''Kreuz'' ("cross"). In 1828, 425 of the 7,896 inhabitants of the ''Bürgermeisterei'' ("Mayoralty") of Kreuznach (5.4%) adhered to the Jewish faith, as did 611 of the town's 18,143 inhabitants (3.4%) in 1890.

Monasteries

Before the Thirty Years' War, Kreuznach had some 8,000 inhabitants and seven monasteries. In the Middle Ages and early modern times, the following monasteries were mentioned:
* Saint Mary's Monastery (St. Marien-Kloster; monastery's nature legendary) or Saint Mary's Church (''St. Marien-Kirche'') on the ait, supposedly endowed by King Dagobert I (d. 639) on the site where Paul's Evangelical Church (''Pauluskirche'') now stands.
* Saint Kilian's Monastery (''Kloster St. Kilian''; old parish church; monastery's nature unclear), in the ''Osterburg'' (old Roman castrum, Charlemagne's palace) on the ''Heidenmauer'' ("Heathen Wall") built on the site of the Constantinian Saint Martin's Church (''St. Martins-Kirche''), first mentioned about 741 and destroyed by the Normans about 891, tied with a hospital in 1310; in the 14th century there was a Beguine cell with prayer house; the monastery was torn down about 1590. The patrocinia of Saint Martin and Saint Kilian were then added to Saint Mary's Church on the ait.
* Augustinian convent of Saint Peter, endowed by Rhinegrave Wolfram I (III) of Stein (d. about 1179) about 1140, incorporated into the Schwabenheim Augustinian monastery in 1437, moved to the so-called ''Bubenkapelle'' ("Lads' Chapel") in 1491, reoccupied in 1495, dissolved in 1566/1568; the 15 nuns who were driven out went to Eibingen Abbey. In 1624, an attempt to reoccupy the complex by Augustinian monks failed; Jesuits settled there in 1636 and in 1648 they were granted it by agreement, today ''Oranienhof''. The Pietà from Saint Peter, for whose reverence a forty-day indulgence was secured from Pope Alexander VI in 1502, was kept until its destruction in 1942 at St. Quintin's Church, Mainz.
* Carmelite Monastery to Saint Nicholas, so-called ''Schwarz-Kloster'' ("Black Monastery"), endowed in 1281 by the comital House of Sponheim, confirmed in 1290 by Archbishop Gerhard II of Eppstein of Mainz (about 1230–1305), dissolved in 1802.
* Saint Anthony's and Saint Catherine's Chapel (''St. Antonius-und-St.-Katharinen-Kapelle''; also called the ''Bubenkapelle'') on the way into Mühlengasse ("Mill Lane"), which belonged to the Schwabenheim Augustinian monastery; it was here, right inside the town, that Count Walram of Sponheim (about 1305–1380) moved the Beguine cell from Saint Kilian's, given up in 1437; reoccupied by Augustinian nuns from 1491 to 1495, then moved to Saint Peter's.
* Saint Wolfgang's Franciscan Monastery (''Franziskanerkloster St. Wolfgang''), endowed in 1472 by Frederick I, Elector Palatine and Count Palatine Frederick I of Simmern, confirmed by Pope Sixtus IV, dissolved in 1802, now the ''Gymnasium an der Stadtmauer'' (" Gymnasium on the Town Wall").
* Saint Vincent's Monastery, location unclear, existed in the Thirty Years' War and later.
* Jesuit occupation about 1623, 1625 to 1632 and 1636 to 1652 in the quire of the Ait Church (''Wörthkirche''), later called the Bridge Church (''Brückenkirche'') and now Paul's Church (''Pauluskirche''), received in 1631 from Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor Saint Peter's and took ownership in 1636. In Kreuznach, the study prefect Johann Engelbert Oliverius worked and died.

Plague and leprosy

The Plague threatened Kreuznach several times throughout its history. Great epidemics are recorded as having broken out in 1348/1349 ( Johannes Trithemius spoke of 1,600 victims), 1364, 1501/1502, 1608, 1635 (beginning in September) and 1666 (reportedly 1,300 victims). During the 1501 epidemic, the humanist and Palatine prince-raiser Adam Werner von Themar, one of Abbot Trithemius's friends, wrote a poem in Kreuznach about the plague saint, Sebastian. Outside the town, a sickhouse for lepers, the so-called ''Gutleuthof'', was founded on the Gräfenbach down from the village of Hargesheim and had its first documentary mention in 1487.

Modern times

In the War of the Succession of Landshut against Elector Palatine Philip of the Rhine, both the town and the castle were unsuccessfully besieged for six days by Alexander, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken and William I, Landgrave of Lower Hesse, who then laid the surrounding countryside waste. The Sponheim abbot Johannes Trithemius had brought the monasterial belongings, the library and the archive to safety in Kreuznach. The besieged town was relieved by Electoral Palatinate Captain Hans III, ''Landschad'' of Steinach. In 1507, Master Faust assumed the rector's post at the Kreuznach Latin school, which had been secured for him by Franz von Sickingen. On the grounds of allegations of fornication, he fled the town only a short time afterwards, as witnessed by a letter from Johannes Trithemius to Johannes Virdung, in which Virdung was warned about Faust. Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, who spent Whitsun 1508 in Boppard, stayed in Kreuznach in June 1508 and wrote from there to his daughter Duchess Margaret of Savoy. In 1557, the Reformation was introduced into Kreuznach. According to the 1601 ''Verzeichnis aller Herrlich- und Gerechtigkeiten der Stätt und Dörffer der vorderen Grafschaft Sponheim im Ampt Creutznach'' ("Directory of All Lordships and Justices of the Towns and Villages of the Further County of Sponheim in the ''Amt'' of Kreuznach"), compiled by Electoral Palatinate ''Oberamtmann'' Johann von Eltz-Blieskastel-Wecklingen, the town had 807 estates and was the seat of a ''Hofgericht'' (lordly court) to which the "free villages" of Waldböckelheim, Wöllstein, Volxheim, Braunweiler, Mandel and Roxheim, which were thus freed from the toll at Kreuznach, had to send ''Schöffen'' (roughly "lay jurists").

Thirty Years' War

During the Thirty Years' War, Kreuznach was overrun and captured many times by various factions fighting in that war:
* - In the Siege of Bad Kreuznach the town was taken by the Imperial-Spanish troops of General Marquis Ambrogio Spinola under Wilhelm Ferdinand von Effern. In 1621 Countess Catharina Belgica of Nassau travelled to Kreuznach to see Spinola to ask him to the spare the County of Hanau-Münzenberg. The Governors General of the Lower Palatinate, based in Kreuznach, were Don Guillermo de Verdugo di Fauleria, Baron von Böhmisch-Mascha und Tuppau, Don Felipe de Sylva (d. 1644) and Louis de la Tour.

* - Kreuznach was taken by Swedish, Saxe-Weimar and English troops under King Gustav II Adolf; the castle capitulated on ). William Craven and Sir Francis Fane of Fulbeck (about 1611–1681?) were both seriously wounded at the conquest of the castle. Serving as commanders were the Scots Colonel Alexander Ramsay (d. 1634) and Lieutenant Colonel (later General and Field Marshal) Robert Douglas. Julius Wilhelm Zincgref was installed in 1632 as the Kreuznach state scrivener by the allied Ludwig Philipp of Palatinate-Simmern.
* 14 July 1635 - Imperial troops briefly thrust their way into Kreuznach, but were repulsed by the occupation at the castle.
* - Saxe-Weimar and French troops under Duke Bernard of Saxe-Weimar and Louis de Nogaret Cardinal de La Valette, together with the Swedes passed through Kreuznach, later passing through once again on as they retreated. Kreuznach's last "Swedish" commander was Colonel Johann Georg Stauff from Dirmstein.
* 20 December 1635 - Kreuznach was taken by Imperial-Spanish and Imperial-Croatian troops under General Matthias Gallas. The castle was still held by the Swedes until May 1636 under an armistice upon which both Colonel Stauff and Badish Lieutenant Colonel Bernhard Studnitzky von Beneschau (Studnický z Benešova) agreed on . Stationed in the town were regiments headed by William, Margrave of Baden-Baden. As neutral ground, Kreuznach was placed under joint Badish and Palatinate-Simmern rule.
* - Kreuznach was taken by French and Saxe-Weimar troops under Duke Henri II d’Orléans, Duke of Longueville, after town commander Braun von Schmidtburg zu Schweich had gone over to them.
* - Bad Kreuznach was captured by Imperial- Bavarian and Imperial-Spanish troops under the ''Schillerhaas'', ''Generalfeldwachtmeister'' Gilles de Haes began. An earlier attack in March 1641 had been defeated. The town capitulated on , while the fortress held out until .
* - Kreuznach was taken by French troops under Marshal of France Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne (the castle was held by the Bavarians until ) and transferred by ''Maréchal de camp'' Guy de Bar to Palatinate-Simmern.
The town was thus heavily drawn into hardship and woe, and the population dwindled from some 8,000 at the war's outbreak to roughly 3,500. The expression ''"Er ist zu Kreuznach geboren"'' ("He was born at Kreuznach") became a byword in German for somebody who had to struggle with a great deal of hardship. On 19 August 1663, the town was stricken by an extraordinarily high flood on the river Nahe.

Nine Years' War

In the Nine Years' War (known in Germany as the ''Pfälzischer Erbfolgekrieg'', or War of the Palatine Succession), the Kauzenburg (castle) was conquered on 5 October 1688 by Marshal Louis François, duc de Boufflers. The town fortifications and the castle were torn down and the town of Kreuznach largely destroyed in May 1689 by French troops under Brigadier Ezéchiel du Mas, Comte de Mélac (about 1630–1704) or Lieutenant General Marquis Nicolas du Blé d’Uxelles. On 18 October 1689, Kreuznach's churches were burnt down.

18th century

As of 1708, Kreuznach wholly belonged to Electoral Palatinate. Under Elector Palatine Karl III Philipp, the Karlshalle Saltworks were built in 1729. Built in 1743 by Prince-Elector, Count Palatine and Duke Karl Theodor were the Theodorshalle Saltworks. On 13 May 1725, after a cloudburst and hailstorm, Kreuznach was stricken by an extreme flood in which 31 people lost their lives, some 300 or 400 head of cattle drowned, two houses were utterly destroyed and many damaged and remaining parts of the town wall fell in. Taking part at the founding of the Masonic Lodge ''Zum wiedererbauten Tempel der Bruderliebe'' ("To the Rebuilt Temple of Brotherly Love") in Worms in 1781 were also Freemasons from Kreuznach. As early as 1775, the Grand Lodge of the Rhenish Masonic Lodges (8th Provincial Grand Lodge) of Strict Observance had already been given the name "Kreuznach". In the extreme winter of 1783/1784, the town was heavily damaged on 27–28 February 1784 by an icerun and flooding. A pharmacist named Daniel Riem was killed in his house "Zum weißen Schwan" ("At the White Swan") when it collapsed into the floodwaters.

French Revolutionary and Napoleonic times

In the course of the Napoleonic Wars (1792–1814), French emigrants came to Kreuznach, among them Prince Louis Joseph of Condé. In October 1792, French Revolutionary troops under General Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine occupied the land around Kreuznach, remaining there until 28 March 1793. The town itself was briefly occupied by French troops under General François Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers on 4 January and then again on 16 October 1794. From 30 October until 1 December 1795, the town was held by Imperial troops under Rhinegrave Karl August von Salm-Grumbach, but they were at first driven out in bloody battles by Marshals Jean-Baptiste Jourdan and Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte. In this time, the town suffered greatly under sackings and involuntary contributions. After the French withdrew on 12 December, it was occupied by an Austrian battalion under Captain Alois Graf Gavasini, which withdrew again on 30 May 1796. On 9 June 1796, Kreuznach was once again occupied by the French. In 1797, Kreuznach, along with all lands on the Rhine's left bank, was annexed by the French First Republic, a deed confirmed under international law by the 1801 Treaty of Lunéville. The parts of town that lay north of the Nahe were assigned to the Arrondissement of Simmern in the Department of Rhin-et-Moselle, whereas those that lay to the south were assigned to the Department of Mont-Tonnerre (or Donnersberg in German). The subprefect in Simmern in 1800 was Andreas van Recum and in 1806 it was Ludwig von Closen. The ''maire'' of Kreuznach as of 1800 was Franz Joseph Potthoff (b. 1756; d. after 1806) and beginning in 1806 it was Karl Joseph Burret. On 20 September and 5 October 1804, the French Emperor, Napoleon Bonaparte visited Kreuznach. On the occasion of Napoleon's victory in the Battle of Austerlitz a celebratory Te Deum was held at the Catholic churches in January 1806 on Bishop of Aachen Marc-Antoine Berdolet's orders (Kreuznach was part of his diocese from 1801 to 1821). In 1808, Napoleon made a gift of Kreuznach's two saltworks to his favourite sister, Pauline. In 1809, the Kreuznach Masonic Lodge "Les amis réunis de la Nahe et du Rhin" was founded by van Reccum, which at first lasted only until 1814. It was, however, refounded in 1858. In Napoleon's honour, the timing of the Kreuznach yearly market was set by Mayor Burret on the Sunday after his birthday (15 August). Men from Kreuznach also took part in Napoleon's 1812 Russian Campaign on the French side, to whom a monument established at the Mannheimer Straße graveyard in 1842 still stands. The subsequent German campaign (called the ''Befreiungskriege'', or Wars of Liberation, in Germany) put an end to French rule.

Congress of Vienna to First World War

Until a permanent new order could be imposed under the terms of the Congress of Vienna, the region lay under joint Bavarian-Austrian administration, whose seat was in Kreuznach. When these terms eventually came about, Kreuznach passed to the Kingdom of Prussia in 1815 and from 1816 it belonged to the ''Regierungsbezirk'' of Koblenz in the province of the Grand Duchy of the Lower Rhine (as of 1822 the Rhine Province) and was a border town with two neighbouring states, the Grand Duchy of Hesse to the east and the Bavarian exclave of the Palatinate to the south. The two saltworks, which had now apparently been taken away from Napoleon's sister, were from 1816 to 1897 Grand-Ducal-Hessian state property on Prussian territory. In 1817, Johann Erhard Prieger opened the first bathing parlour with briny water and thereby laid the groundwork for the fast-growing spa business. In 1843, Karl Marx married Jenny von Westphalen in Kreuznach, presumably at the ''Wilhelmskirche'' (William's Church), which had been built between 1698 and 1700 and was later, in 1968, all but torn down, leaving only the churchtower. In Kreuznach, Marx set down considerable portions of his manuscript ''Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right'' (''Zur Kritik der Hegelschen Rechtsphilosophie'') in 1843. Clara Schumann, who was attending the spa in Kreuznach, and her half-sister Marie Wieck gave a concert at the spa house in 1860. With the building of the Nahe Valley Railway from Bingerbrück to Saarbrücken in 1858/1860, the groundwork was laid for the town's industrialisation. This, along with the ever-growing income from the spa, led after years of stagnation to an economic boost for the town's development. Nevertheless, the railway was not built for industry and spa-goers alone, but also as a logistical supply line for a war that was expected to break out with France. Before this, though, right at Kreuznach's town limits, Prussia and Bavaria once again stood at odds with each other in 1866. Thinking that was not influenced by this led to another railway line being built even before the First World War, the "strategic railway" from Bad Münster by way of Staudernheim, Meisenheim, Lauterecken and Kusel towards the west, making Kreuznach into an important contributor to transport towards the west. Only about 1950 were parts of this line torn up and abandoned. Today, between Staudernheim and Kusel, it serves as a tourist attraction for those who wish to ride draisines.

In 1891, three members of the Franciscan Brothers of the Holy Cross came to live in Kreuznach. In 1893, they took over the hospital ''Kiskys-Wörth'', which as of 1905 bore the name ''St. Marienwörth''. Since 1948, they have run it together with the Sisters of the Congregation of Papal Law of the Maids of Mary of the Immaculate Conception, and today run it as a hospital bearing the classification ''II. Regelversorgung'' under Germany's '' Versorgungsstufe'' hospital planning system. In 1901, the Second Rhenish ''Diakonissen-Mutterhaus'' ("Deaconess's Mother-House"), founded in 1889 in Sobernheim, moved under its abbot, the Reverend Hugo Reich, to Kreuznach. It is now a foundation known as the ''kreuznacher diakonie'' (always written with lowercase initials). In 1904, the pharmacist Karl Aschoff discovered the Kreuznach brine's radon content, and thereafter introduced "radon balneology", a therapy that had already been practised in the Austro-Hungarian town of Sankt Joachimsthal in the Bohemian Ore Mountains (now Jáchymov in the Czech Republic). Even though the Bad Kreuznach's radon content was much slighter than that found in the waters from Brambach or Bad Gastein, the town was quickly billed as a "radium healing spa" – the technical error in that billing notwithstanding. In 1912, a radon inhalatorium was brought into service, into which was piped the air from an old mining gallery at the Kauzenberg, which had a higher radon content than the springwater. The inhalatorium was destroyed in 1945. In 1974, however, the old mining gallery itself was converted into a therapy room. To this day, radon inhalation serves as a natural pain reliever for those suffering from rheumatism. In the First World War, both the Kreuznach spa house and other hotels and villas became as of 2 January 1917 the seat of the Great Headquarters of Kaiser Wilhelm II. The Kaiser actually lived in the spa house. Used as the General staff building was the Oranienhof. At the spa house on 19 December 1917, General Mustafa Kemal Pasha – better known as Atatürk ("Father of the Turks") and later president of a strictly secular Turkey – the Kaiser, Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff all met for talks. Only an extreme wintertime flood on the Nahe in January 1918 led to the Oberste Heeresleitung being moved to Spa in Belgium.

Weimar Republic and Third Reich

After the First World War, French troops occupied the Rhineland and along with it, Kreuznach, whose great hotels were thereafter mostly abandoned. In 1924, Kreuznach was granted the designation ''Bad'', literally "Bath", which is conferred on places that can be regarded as health resorts. Since this time, the town has been known as Bad Kreuznach. After Adolf Hitler and the Nazis seized power in 1933, some, among them the trade unionist Hugo Salzmann, organised resistance to National Socialism. Despite imprisonment, Salzmann survived the Third Reich, and after 1945 sat on town council for the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). The Jews who were still left in the district after the Second World War broke out were on the district leadership's orders taken in 1942 to the former ''Kolpinghaus'', whence, on 27 July, they were deported to Theresienstadt. Bad Kreuznach, whose spa facilities and remaining hotels once again, from 1939 to 1940, became the seat of the Army High Command, was time and again targeted by Allied air raids because of the Wehrmacht barracks on Bosenheimer Straße, Alzeyer Straße and Franziska-Puricelli-Straße as well as the strategically important Berlin-Paris railway line, which then led through the town. The last ''Stadtkommandant'' (town commander), Lieutenant Colonel Johann Kaup (d. 1945), kept Bad Kreuznach from even greater destruction when he offered advancing American troops no resistance, and yielded the town to them on 16 March 1945 with barely any fighting. Shortly before this, German troops had blown up yet another part of the old bridge across the Nahe, thus also destroying residential buildings near the bridge ends.

After 1945

Bad Kreuznach was occupied by US troops in March 1945 and thus stood under American military authority. This even extended to one of the ''Rheinwiesenlager'' for disarmed German forces, which lay near Bad Kreuznach on the road to Bretzenheim, and whose former location is now marked by a memorial. It was commonly known as the "Field of Misery". Found in the Lohrer Wald (forest) is a graveyard of honour for wartime and camp victims. Under the Potsdam Protocols on the fixing of occupation zone boundaries, Bad Kreuznach found itself for a while in French zone of occupation, but in an exchange in the early 1950s, United States Armed Forces came back into the districts of Kreuznach, Birkenfeld and Kusel. Until the middle of 2001, the Americans maintained four barracks, a Redstone missile unit, a firing range, a small airfield and a drill ground in Bad Kreuznach. The last US forces in Bad Kreuznach were parts of the 1st Armored Division ("Old Ironsides"). In 1958, President of France Charles de Gaulle and Federal Chancellor Konrad Adenauer agreed in Bad Kreuznach to an institutionalisation of the special relations between the two countries, which in 1963 resulted in the Élysée Treaty. A monumental stone before the old spa house recalls this historic event. On 1 April 1960, the town of Bad Kreuznach was declared, after application to the state government, a ''große kreisangehörige Stadt'' ("large town belonging to a district"). In 2010 Bad Kreuznach launched a competition to replace the 1950s addition to the ''Alte Nahebrücke'' ("Old Nahe Bridge"). The bridge, designed by competition winner Dissing+Weitling architecture of Copenhagen, is scheduled for completion by 2012.

Amalgamations

In the course of administrative restructuring in Rhineland-Palatinate, the hitherto self-administering municipalities of Bosenheim, Planig, Ippesheim (all three of which had belonged until then to the Bingen district) and Winzenheim were amalgamated on 7 June 1969 with Bad Kreuznach. Furthermore, Rüdesheim an der Nahe was also amalgamated, but fought the amalgamation in court, winning, and thereby regaining its autonomy a few months later. As part of the 2009 German federal election, a plebiscite was included on the ballot on the question of whether the towns of Bad Kreuznach and Bad Münster am Stein-Ebernburg should be merged, and 68.3% of the Bad Kreuznach voters favoured negotiations between the two towns. On 25 May 2009, the town received another special designation, this time from the Cabinet: ''Ort der Vielfalt'' – "Place of Diversity".

Religion

As at 31 August 2013, there are 44,851 full-time residents in Bad Kreuznach, and of those, 15,431 are Evangelical (34.405%), 13,355 are Catholic (29.776%), 4 belong to the Old Catholic Church (0.009%), 77 belong to the Greek Orthodox Church (0.172%), 68 belong to the Russian Orthodox Church (0.152%), 1 is United Methodist (0.002%), 16 belong to the Free Evangelical Church (0.036%), 41 are Lutheran (0.091%), 2 belong to the Palatinate State Free Religious Community (0.004%), 1 belongs to the Mainz Free Religious Community (0.002%), 4 are Reformed (0.009%), 9 belong to the Alzey Free Religious Community (0.02%), 2 form part of a membership group in a Jewish community (0.004%) (162 other Jews belong to the Bad Kreuznach-Koblenz worship community .361%while a further one belongs to the State League of Jewish worship communities in Bavaria .002%, 9 are Jehovah's Witnesses (0.02%), 1 belongs to yet another free religious community (0.002%), 5,088 (11.344%) belong to other religious groups and 10,579 (23.587%) either have no religion or will not reveal their religious affiliation.

Politics

Town council

The council is made up of 44 council members, who were elected by proportional representation at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the chief mayor as chairwoman. Since this election, the town has been run by a Jamaica coalition of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany, the Free Democratic Party and the Greens.

The municipal election held on 7 June 2009 yielded the following results:

Mayors

Bad Kreuznach's current mayor (''Oberbürgermeister'') is Emanuel Letz, elected in March 2022. Listed here are Bad Kreuznach's mayors since Napoleonic times:

Coat of arms

The town's arms might be described thus: On an escutcheon argent ensigned with a town wall with three towers all embattled Or, a fess countercompony Or and azure between three crosses pattée sable.

Bad Kreuznach's right to bear arms comes from municipal law for the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. The three crosses pattée (that is, with the ends somewhat broader than the rest of the crosses' arms) are a canting charge, referring to the town's name, the German word for "cross" being ''Kreuz''. The crosses are sometimes wrongly taken to be Christian crosses. In fact, the name Kreuznach developed out of the Celtic-Latin word ''Cruciniacum'', which meant "Crucinius's Home", thus a man's name with the suffix ''—acum'' added, meaning "flowing water". The coat of arms first appeared with this composition on the keystone at Saint Nicholas's Church in the late 13th century. The mural crown on top of the escutcheon began appearing only about 1800 under French rule. The stylised stretch of town wall was originally rendered reddish-brown, but it usually appears gold nowadays.

Twin towns – sister cities

Bad Kreuznach is twinned with:
* Bourg-en-Bresse, France (1963)
* Neuruppin, Germany (1990)

Culture and sightseeing

Buildings

The following are listed buildings or sites in Rhineland-Palatinate's Directory of Cultural Monuments:

Bad Kreuznach (main centre)

* Paul's Evangelical Church (''Pauluskirche''), Kurhausstraße 2/4 – Late Gothic quire and transept, early 15th century, west façade after 1458, Classicist nave and tower 1768–1781, architect Philipp Heinrich Hellermann, Meisenheim; furnishings
* Saint Wolfgang's Catholic Church (''Kirche St. Wolfgang''), in Breslauer Straße 2 – four colourfully made sculptures; Baroque Madonna, replica of the Late Gothic Saint Wolfgang figure in Sankt Wolfgang, Late Gothic Crucifix, Late Gothic Pietà
* Holy Cross Catholic Parish Church (''Pfarrkirche Heilig-Kreuz''), Wilhelmstraße 39 – Gothic Revival hall church, red-sandstone-block building, 1895–1897, architect Ludwig Becker, Mainz; furnishings
* Saint Nicholas's Catholic Parish Church (''Pfarrkirche St. Nikolaus''), Poststraße 5 – three-naved basilica, substantially from the 13th and 14th centuries, lengthened in the mid 15th century, 1713 partly Baroquified, 1897–1905 renovation resulting in some alterations with tower, architect Ludwig Becker, Mainz; furnishings; outside Late Baroque Crucifix, 1777

* Kauzenburg, Auf dem Kauzenberg – preserved from the castle of the Counts of Sponheim founded after 1105 a few girding walls and vaulted cellar rooms; 1971 expansion into castle inn, architect Gottfried Böhm
* Church of the American Pentecostal Community (''Kirche der amerikanischen Pfingstgemeinde''), built behind it, Viktoriastraße 18 – sandstone-framed plastered building, Baroquified gable risalto, 1909, architect Carl Jung, with municipal hall
* Spa zone (monumental zone) – built after Dr. Eberhard Prieger's discovery of brine's healing power in 1817 according to systematic town planning in several phases in a spread-out pattern behind front gardens with avenues: ''Badeinsel'' ("Bathing Island") and northern spa zone up to Weinkauffstraße beginning in 1840 or 1847, area abutting to the south beginning in 1900, so-called expanded spa zone southeast of Salinenstraße beginning in 1880; many individual monuments such as the spa house (1840–1860), four-winged bathhouse (1911/1912), private bathhouses ( Late Classicist and Renaissance Revival), especially monuments created by the sculptor family Cauer and bronze figures, saltworks (Karlshalle, Theodorshalle); in the south a jutting, pointed area bordered in the east by the railway line, in the north by Baumstraße/Salinenstraße/Schloßstraße, the millpond and the old bridge across the Nahe, in the west by a strip along the bank on the other side of the Nahe.

* New Town (''Neustadt'', monumental zone) – historically expanded development in the part of town founded after 1200 by the Counts of Sponheim north of the Nahe including the Ellerbach: late mediaeval Saint Nicholas's Church (''St. Nikolauskirche''), cellar and ground floor, partly also upper floors, with later upper floors added, former castle houses and nobles' houses from the 16th or 17th century as well as the town scrivener's office from 1540, timber-frame houses from the 18th century with Classicist and Renaissance Revival façades from the 19th century and ''Wilhelmsbrücke'' (bridge) in imitation of Historicist style with towers from 1906
* Town fortifications – The town fortifications are made up of three complete wall systems around sovereign area (''Burgfrieden''), Neustadt ("New Town") and Altstadt ("Old Town") with outward ditches, wall towers and gate towers, first mentioned in 1247, destroyed in 1689, repaired in the 18th century, in late 18th century ditches filled in, beginning about 1840, walls torn down or integrated into new buildings; wall fragments preserved from the early-13th-century Kauzenburg (castle) destroyed in the 17th century; expansion in 1971 by Gottfried Böhm; preserved from the sovereign area (''Burgfrieden''): stepped wall as far as foundation of ''Klappertorturm'' (tower), piece of wall with later added half-round tower as far as ''Stumpfer Turm'' ("Stub Tower", also called ''Pfeffermühlchen'', or "Little Peppermill") as well as the wall that partly forms the Nahe's bank, today partly overbuilt; preserved from the ringwall around the New Town with formerly seven towers and three gates: ''Butterfass'' ("Butterchurn") and piece of wall with battlement walkway, foundation remnants of the ''Winzenheimer Turm'' (tower), piece of wall of the ''Schanz'' ("Redoubt") with ditch, further remnants of the fortifications in the houses built up against them in the 19th century, a watergate (''Fischerpforte'', meaning "Fishermen's Gate") as well as the ''Große Pforte'' ("Great Gate", today walled up); preserved from the Old Town fortifications with formerly 13 towers, three gates and ''Peterspförtchen'' ("Peter's Little Gate"): wall remnants along the millpond, twin watergates (near Wilhelmstraße) and jutting part of the powder tower, at the ''Mehlwaage'' ("Flour Scales", but actually a house) an archlike structure built on as well as a great bit of wall in the garden of the former Franciscan monastery (now a Gymnasium)
* Agricolastraße 1 – lordly villa with hip roof, 1925/1926, architect Alexander Ackermann
* Agricolastraße 6 – sophisticated cube-shaped villa with hip roof, Art Deco, 1925/1926, architect Alexander Ackermann
* Agricolastraße 7 – villalike building with hip roof, 1921/22, architect Vorbius
* Albrechtstraße 18 – one-floor villa with timber-frame gables, Renaissance Revival motifs, 1904/1905, architect Friedrich Metzger
* Albrechtstraße 20 – villa with hipped mansard roof, Renaissance Revival and Baroque Revival motifs, 1901/1902, architect Friedrich Metzger
* Albrechtstraße 22 – villalike house with mansard roof, Renaissance Revival and Baroque Revival motifs, 1902/1903, architect Friedrich Metzger
* Alte Poststraße 2 – three-floor post-Baroque shophouse, partly timber-frame (plastered), possibly from the earlier half of the 19th century
* At Alte Poststraße 4 – cartouche, marked 1797
* Alte Poststraße 6 – corner house; Late Baroque house with (hipped) mansard roof; Baroquified window 1909, architect Anton Kullmann; cellar older
* Alte Poststraße 7 – Late Baroque house, partly timber-frame (plastered), conversion 1839, architect Peter Engelmann; cellar possibly older
* Alte Poststraße 8 – Late Baroque house, partly timber-frame (plastered or slated)
* Alte Poststraße 15 – former ''Volxheimer Burghaus''; gabled house, ground floor from the 16th century, upper floor and gables in decorative timber framing about 1710

* Alzeyer Straße – barracks symmetrically about a grassy yard, scattered building complex with representative three-floor Heimatstil buildings, 1932 and years following
* Auf dem Martinsberg 1 (monumental zone) – "stewardship complex with office building" on an L-shaped footprint, 1899, architects Curjel & Moser, originally belonging to villa at Brückes 3; joining wing 1919
* Auf dem Martinsberg 2 – lordly Gründerzeit villa, clinker brick building with hip roof, Renaissance Revival, 1884, architect Jacob Karst; oriel additions 1920s; one-floor brick side building with hip roof, 1888; front garden fencing dating from time of building
* Auf dem Martinsberg 3/5 – pair of semi-detached houses; clinker brick building with three-floor side risalti, 1896/1897, architect Anton Kullmann
* Baumgartenstraße 3 – two-and-a-half-floor tenement, brick building, Renaissance Revival motifs, 1894/1895, architect Heinrich Ruppert
* Baumgartenstraße 39 – three-and-a-half-floor corner shophouse with oriel turret, Renaissance Revival and Art Nouveau motifs, 1906/1907, architects Brothers Lang
* Baumgartenstraße 42 – house; sandstone-framed clinker brick building, hipped mansard roof, Renaissance Revival, 1898/1899, architect Hermann Herter
* Baumgartenstraße 46/48 – pair of semi-detached houses; clinker brick building with hipped mansard roof, Renaissance Revival, 1898, no. 46, architect Hermann Herter, no. 48, architects Brothers Lang
* Baumgartenstraße 50 – two-and-a-half-floor house, brick building decorated with clinker brick, 1896/1897, architects Brothers Lang
* Baumstraße 15 – two-and-a-half-floor villa; clinker-brick-faced building with hip roof, Renaissance Revival, 1880/1881, architect Town Master Builder Hartmann (?); one-floor front wing, 1934, architect Karl Heep
* Beinde 18 – corner house; two essentially 18th-century Late Baroque plastered timber-frame houses, conversion and hip roof 1907, architect L. Zimmer
* At Beinde 20 – portal with skylight, Late Baroque, marked 1782
* Bleichstraße 18/20 – axially symmetrical pair of semi-detached shophouses; two-tone clinker brick building, 1899/1900

* Bleichstraße 23 – sophisticated sandstone-framed clinker brick building with hip roof, Renaissance Revival, 1896/1897, architects Brothers Lang
* Bleichstraße 25 – sandstone-framed brick building with hipped mansard roof, 1896/1897, architect August Henke
* Bleichstraße 26 – two-and-a-half-floor corner shophouse; sandstone-framed clinker brick building with tower oriel and hip roof, Renaissance Revival, 1892, architect Martin Hassinger
* Bosenheimer Straße 79 – house and factory building, decorative clinker brick building with half-hip roof, Renaissance Revival, marked 1899/1900, architect Johann Stanger; factory: spacious brick building
* Bosenheimer Straße 200, RolandsbogenLandkreis Bad Kreuznach: Inhaltsverzeichnis des Kreisrechtes
retrieved, 31 October 2011(monumental zone) – urban residential development; flat-roof buildings grouped around an inner yard, 1927/1928, architect Town Building Councillor Hugo Völker
* Brückes 1 – former casino; Classicist building with hip roof with triaxial gable risalto, 1834 and years following, architect Ludwig Behr
* Brückes 3 – lordly Gründerzeit villa with hip roof, Renaissance Revival, shortly before 1876
* Brückes 5 – upper-middle-class, partly three-floor Gründerzeit villa with hip roof, Renaissance Revival, about 1870
* Brückes 12 – sophisticated three-floor house, Classicist motifs, about 1840
* Brückes 14 – two-and-a-half-floor house, about 1840
* Brückes 16 – lordly Gründerzeit villa with hipped mansard roof, Renaissance Revival, 1882, architect Jacob Karst
* Brückes 18 – lordly Gründerzeit villa, two-and-a-half-floor building with hip roof, 1877/1878, architect Ludwig Bohnstedt
* Brückes 20 – spacious three-floor building with hip roof, about 1840; side building dating from same time
* Brückes 21 – former lordly winegrowing estate, house and sparkling wine factory; one-and-a-half-floor Classicist complex with hip roofs, about 1860; spacious cellar addition on an L-shaped footprint, 1877, architects Schaeffer and Bechthold; stone cellar, 1887, architect Jacob Kossmann
* Brückes 22 – two-and-a-half-floor Classicist house, 1880/1881
* Brückes 24 – house, Romanesquified motifs, about 1850
* Brückes 27 – storage and dwelling house; one-and-a-half-floor Classicist building with hipped mansard roof, about 1879
* Brückes 33 – former Potthoff & Söhne winegrowing estate; representative villalike building with hip roof, Renaissance Revival, about 1860, front wing with Renaissance Revival motifs, 1909, architect Anton Kullmann; wing, about 1860; southern estate building, 1888, architect Jacob Karst
* Brückes 41 – Anheuser & Fehrs winegrowing estate; residencelike shophouse; three-wing complex in stone-block wallwork, Heimatstil, 1930s, reconstruction 1948/1949, architect Theo Wilkens
* Brückes 53 – Economic Adviser August E. Anheuser winegrowing estate; one-floor sandstone-framed quarrystone building, about 1860, Gothicized motifs, expansion 1955, architect Theo Wilkens; vaulted cellar 1894, hall built over it in 1953

* Brückes 54 – former main railway station; two-wing castlelike red clinker brick building, Romanesquified motifs, 1860
* Brückes 60 – house resembling a country house; two-and-a-half-floor brick building, partly timber-frame, hip roof, 1902 architect possibly Franz Collein
* Brückes 63a – Gründerzeit house; three-floor clinker brick building with hipped mansard roof, Renaissance Revival motifs
* Bühler Weg 3 – bungalow with high mansard floor, 1925/1926, architect Peter Riedle; characterises street's appearance
* Bühler Weg 5 – villalike house with tented roof, 1927/1928, architect Martin Au
* Bühler Weg 8 – villalike corner house, 1927/1928, architect Martin Au
* Bühler Weg 12 – villalike corner house with hip roof, 1927, architect Martin Au
* Cauerstraße 1 – lordly villa, Renaissance Revival and Art Nouveau motifs, 1902/1903, architect Hans Best
* Cauerstraße 3 – villa with hip roof, corner tower with pointed roof, 1925/1926, architect Alexander Ackermann
* Cecilienhöhe 3 – ''Viktoriastift'', 1913–1916, architect Hans Best; "Cecilienhaus", four-floor plastered building on almost T-shaped footprint, hip roofs, Neoclassical motifs; built behind it, four-floor wing with three-floor part in front, floor added in 1925, hip roof with lookout tower; mother-and-child group by Ludwig Cauer

* Dessauer Straße, Hüffelsheimer Straße, Schlosspark Museum-Roman villa(monumental zone) – remnants of the Roman palatial villa, Puricelli-Schloss (Dessauer Straße 49 and 51) with park and former estate (Hüffelsheimer Straße 1,3,5)
* Dessauerstraße 1a – three-floor terraced house; Late Historicist brick building with mansard roof, about 1900
* Dessauerstraße 2 – Classicist pair of semi-detached houses, about 1850; four-floor plastered stone-block or porphyry building and slightly newer porphyry building with display windows from 1896
* Dessauerstraße 6 – lordly villa with knee wall, Renaissance Revival motifs, about 1870
* Dessauerstraße 7 – house; sandstone-framed brick building, about 1870
* Dessauerstraße 9 – former wine cellar; one-floor brick building with barge-rafter gable, 1891 (?)
* Dessauerstraße 31 – former tanner's house; partly timber-frame, about 1820
* Dessauerstraße 41 – Gründerzeit villa; two-and-a-half-floor building with hip roof, Renaissance Revival, about 1870, polygonal oriel window 1891
* Dessauerstraße 43 – Neoclassical villa, cube-shaped building with hip roof, about 1870; built behind it, a brick building, 1883, architect Friedrich Metzger
* Dessauerstraße 49 and 51 – former Puricelli-Schloss; two-and-a-half-floor Classicist building with hip roof, 1772/1773, conversion after 1803, expansion 1861, built behind it, two-floor winged addition 1881; in the park, converted into a landscaped English garden in the 1890s, tomb of the Baroness of Gemmingen, 1820; end wall and gate, marked 1906; gatekeeper's house, one-and-a-half-floor clinker brick