''Atrypa'' is a genus of
brachiopod
Brachiopods (), phylum Brachiopoda, are a phylum of trochozoan animals that have hard "valves" (shells) on the upper and lower surfaces, unlike the left and right arrangement in bivalve molluscs. Brachiopod valves are hinged at the rear end, w ...
with shells round to short egg-shaped, covered with many fine radial ridges (or costae), that split further out and growth lines perpendicular to the costae and 2-3 times wider spaced. The pedunculate valve is a little convex, but tends to level out or even become slightly concave toward the anterior margin (that is: opposite hinge and pedicle). The brachial valve is highly convex. There is no interarea (that is a flat area bordering the hinge line approximately perpendicular with the rest of the valve) in either valve. ''Atrypa'' was a cosmopolitan and occurred from the late Lower Silurian (
Telychian
In the geologic timescale, the Telychian is the age of the Llandovery Epoch of the Silurian Period of the Paleozoic Era of the Phanerozoic Eon. The Telychian Age was between 438.5 ± 1.2 million years ago (Ma) and 433.4 ± 0.8 Ma. The Telych ...
) to the early Upper Devonian (
Frasnian
The Frasnian is one of two faunal stages in the Late Devonian Period. It lasted from million years ago to million years ago. It was preceded by the Givetian Stage and followed by the Famennian Stage.
Major reef-building was under way during th ...
).
Other sources expand the range from the
Late Ordovician
The Ordovician ( ) is a geologic period and system, the second of six periods of the Paleozoic Era. The Ordovician spans 41.6 million years from the end of the Cambrian Period million years ago (Mya) to the start of the Silurian Period Mya.
...
to
Carboniferous
The Carboniferous ( ) is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic that spans 60 million years from the end of the Devonian Period million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Permian Period, million years ago. The name ''Carbonifero ...
, approximately from 449 to 336 Ma.
[''Atrypa'']
at Fossilworks
Fossilworks is a portal which provides query, download, and analysis tools to facilitate access to the Paleobiology Database
The Paleobiology Database is an online resource for information on the distribution and classification of fossil animals ...
.org A proposed new species, ''A. harrisi'', was found in the trilobite-rich
Floresta Formation
The Floresta Formation ( es, Formación Floresta, Df) is a geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense in the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The sequence of siltstones, shales, coquinas and sandstone beds dates to the Devonia ...
in
Boyacá, Colombia.
[Floresta Series Fauna]
at Fossilworks
Fossilworks is a portal which provides query, download, and analysis tools to facilitate access to the Paleobiology Database
The Paleobiology Database is an online resource for information on the distribution and classification of fossil animals ...
.org
Reassigned species
As ''Atrypa'' was erected early on, many species have been reassigned since.
Organic content of ''Atrypa'' fossils
In some fossil material, organic compounds may be preserved. Only the more stable
amino acids
Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. Although hundreds of amino acids exist in nature, by far the most important are the alpha-amino acids, which comprise proteins. Only 22 alpha am ...
tend to be preserved in very old fossils. In specimens of ''Atrypa reticularis'' from the
Wenlock Shales (Lower Silurian),
alanine
Alanine (symbol Ala or A), or α-alanine, is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an amine group and a carboxylic acid group, both attached to the central carbon atom which also carries a methyl group side ...
,
glycine
Glycine (symbol Gly or G; ) is an amino acid that has a single hydrogen atom as its side chain. It is the simplest stable amino acid (carbamic acid is unstable), with the chemical formula NH2‐ CH2‐ COOH. Glycine is one of the proteinogeni ...
,
glutamic acid,
leucine
Leucine (symbol Leu or L) is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Leucine is an α-amino acid, meaning it contains an α- amino group (which is in the protonated −NH3+ form under biological conditions), an α- ...
,
isoleucine,
proline,
valine
Valine (symbol Val or V) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α- amino group (which is in the protonated −NH3+ form under biological conditions), an α- carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotona ...
, and
aspartic acid have been found.
Gallery
File:Atrypa devoniana pedunculate Rockford IO CRF.jpg, ''Atrypa devoniana'', pedicle valve
File:Atrypa devoniana brachial Rockford IO CRF.jpg, ''Atrypa devoniana'', brachial valve
File:Atrypa devoniana anterior Rockford IO CRF.jpg, ''Atrypa devoniana'', anterior view
File:Atrypa devoniana posterior Rockford IO CRF.jpg, ''Atrypa devoniana'', posterior view
File:Atrypa devoniana lateral Rochford IO CRF.jpg, ''Atrypa devoniana'', lateral view
File:Atrypid dorsal.jpg, ''Atrypa'' sp.; Couvinian (Middle Devonian); El Pical, Leon, Spain. Eroded to show spiralia on the right.
See also
References
Prehistoric brachiopod genera
Silurian brachiopods
Devonian brachiopods
Paleozoic animals of Africa
Paleozoic animals of Asia
Paleozoic brachiopods of Oceania
Paleozoic animals of Europe
Paleozoic animals of North America
Paleozoic brachiopods of South America
Devonian Colombia
Fossils of Afghanistan
Fossils of Australia
Fossils of Austria
Fossils of Belarus
Fossils of Belgium
Fossils of Canada
Fossils of China
Fossils of Colombia
Fossils of the Czech Republic
Fossils of Estonia
Fossils of France
Fossils of Germany
Fossils of Greenland
Fossils of India
Fossils of Iran
Fossils of Ireland
Fossils of Italy
Fossils of Japan
Fossils of Kazakhstan
Fossils of Latvia
Fossils of Lithuania
Fossils of Mexico
Fossils of Mongolia
Fossils of Morocco
Fossils of Myanmar
Fossils of Norway
Fossils of Peru
Fossils of Poland
Fossils of Russia
Fossils of Spain
Fossils of Sweden
Fossils of Tajikistan
Fossils of Thailand
Fossils of Ukraine
Fossils of the United States
Fossils of Uzbekistan
Fossils of Venezuela
Fossils of Vietnam
Silurian first appearances
Frasnian extinctions
Fossils of Georgia (U.S. state)
Jeffersonville Limestone
Paleontology in New Hampshire
Paleozoic life of Ontario
Paleozoic life of Alberta
Paleozoic life of British Columbia
Floresta Formation
Paleozoic life of Manitoba
Paleozoic life of New Brunswick
Paleozoic life of the Northwest Territories
Paleozoic life of Nova Scotia
Paleozoic life of Nunavut
Paleozoic life of Quebec
Paleozoic life of Yukon
Fossil taxa described in 1828
{{Brachiopod-stub