The Asclepiadoideae are a

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoologi ...

of plants in the family

Apocynaceae Apocynaceae (from ''Apocynum'', Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly known as the dogbane family, because some taxa were used as dog poison Members of the ...

. Formerly, they were treated as a separate family under the name Asclepiadaceae, e.g. by

APG II The APG II system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II system) of plant classification is the second, now obsolete, version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy that was published in April 2003 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Gr ...

, and known as the milkweed family. They form a group of perennial

herb In general use, herbs are a widely distributed and widespread group of plants, excluding vegetables and other plants consumed for macronutrients, with savory or aromatic properties that are used for flavoring and garnishing food, for medicinal ...

s, twining

shrub A shrub (often also called a bush) is a small-to-medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees ...

liana A liana is a long- stemmed, woody vine that is rooted in the soil at ground level and uses trees, as well as other means of vertical support, to climb up to the canopy in search of direct sunlight. The word ''liana'' does not refer to a ta ...

s or rarely

tree In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are ...

s but notably also contain a significant number of leafless

stem succulent Stem succulents are fleshy succulent columnar shaped plants which conduct photosynthesis mainly through their stems rather than their leaves.Frerea indica, a Stem Succulent CAM Plant with Deciduous C₃ Leaves, Otto L. Lange and Margit Zuber, Oec ...

s. The name comes from the

type genus In biological taxonomy, the type genus is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name. Zoological nomenclature According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearing type of a nominal f ...

Asclepias ''Asclepias'' is a genus of herbaceous, perennial, flowering plants known as milkweeds, named for their latex, a milky substance containing cardiac glycosides termed cardenolides, exuded where cells are damaged. Most species are toxic to humans ...

'' (milkweeds). There are 348 genera, with about 2,900

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

. They are mainly located in the tropics to subtropics, especially in Africa and South America. The florally advanced tribe Stapelieae within this family contains the relatively familiar stem succulent genera such as ''

Huernia The genus ''Huernia'' (family Apocynaceae, subfamily Asclepiadoideae) consists of perennial, stem succulents from Eastern and Southern Africa and Arabia, first described as a genus in 1810.Brown, Robert. 1810. On the Asclepiadeae 11 The flowers ...

Stapelia ''Stapelia'' is a genus of low-growing, spineless, stem succulent plants, predominantly from South Africa with a few from other parts of Africa. Several Asian and Latin American species were formerly included but they have all now been transfe ...

'' and ''

Hoodia ''Hoodia'' (; known locally as "ghaap" or "bobbejaanghaap") is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae, under the subfamily Asclepiadoideae, native to Southern Africa. One species of ''Hoodia'' in particular, ''Hoodia gordonii'', ...

''. They are remarkable for the complex mechanisms they have developed for

pollination Pollination is the transfer of pollen from an anther of a plant to the stigma of a plant, later enabling fertilisation and the production of seeds, most often by an animal or by wind. Pollinating agents can be animals such as insects, birds ...

, which independently parallel the unrelated

Orchidaceae Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Along with the Asteraceae, they are one of the two largest families of flowering ...

, especially in the grouping of their pollen into

pollinia A pollinium (plural pollinia) is a coherent mass of pollen grains in a plant that are the product of only one anther, but are transferred, during pollination, as a single unit. This is regularly seen in plants such as orchids and many species of mil ...

. The fragrance from the flowers, often called "carrion", attracts flies. The flies pollinate the flowers. Many new hybrids have been formed due to the unique fertilization method of the flowers.

Tribes and genera

The following five tribes are recognised:

Asclepiadeae

*''

Adelostemma ''Adelostemma'' is a species of plants in the family Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1883. It contains only one known species, ''Adelostemma gracillimum'', native to Myanmar and China ( Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan Yunnan , () is a ...

'' *''

Aidomene ''Asclepias'' is a genus of herbaceous, perennial, flowering plants known as milkweeds, named for their latex, a milky substance containing cardiac glycosides termed cardenolides, exuded where cells are damaged. Most species are toxic to humans ...

'' *''

Araujia ''Araujia'' is a small genus of perennial vines in the dogbane family first described as a genus in 1817. The group is native to South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern ...

'' *''

Aspidoglossum ''Aspidoglossum'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1838. It is native to Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30 ...

'' *''

Aspidonepsis ''Aspidonepsis'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apocynaceae Apocynaceae (from ''Apocynum'', Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commo ...

'' *''

Astephanus ''Astephanus'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae Apocynaceae (from ''Apocynum'', Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly known as ...

'' *'' Barjonia'' *''

Blepharodon ''Blepharodon'' is a genus of plant in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1844. They are native primarily to South America, with one species extending into Central America and Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially ...

'' *'' Calciphila'' *''

Calotropis ''Calotropis'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1810. It is native to southern Asia and North Africa. They are commonly known as milkweeds because of the latex they produce. ''Calotropis'' ...

'' *''

Cordylogyne ''Cordylogyne'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1838. It contains only one accepted species, '' Cordylogyne globosa'', native to South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Af ...

'' *''

Cynanchum ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is d ...

'' *'' Diplolepis'' *'' Ditassa'' *'' Fanninia'' *'' Fischeria'' *'' Funastrum'' *'' Glossonema'' *'' Glossostelma'' *''

Gomphocarpus ''Gomphocarpus'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae Apocynaceae (from '' Apocynum'', Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly known as the ...

'' *''

Gonolobus ''Gonolobus'' is a genus of plant in family Apocynaceae, first described in 1803. It is native to South America, Central America, Mexico, the West Indies, and the southern United States. ;Species * ''Gonolobus absalonensis'' - Martinique * ''G ...

'' *'' Graphistemma'' *'' Gyrostelma'' *'' Hemipogon'' *'' Holostemma'' *'' Hypolobus'' *''

Ibatia ''Ibatia'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apocynaceae Apocynaceae (from ''Apocynum'', Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly kn ...

'' *''

Jobinia ''Jobinia'' is a genus of flowering plants of the family Apocynaceae first described in 1885. It is native to South America and Central America. ;Species ;formerly included transferred to ''Cynanchum ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 sp ...

'' *'' Kanahia'' *''

Lachnostoma ''Lachnostoma'' is an extinct genus from a well-known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It lived during the early part of the Arenig stage of the Ordovician Period, a faunal stage In chronostratigraphy, a stage is a successi ...

'' *'' Macroscepis'' *'' Mahawoa'' *'' Margaretta'' *''

Matelea ''Matelea'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae. It contains about 200 species, which are commonly known as milkvines. Some people consider '' Chthamalia'' to be a synonym to or a subgenus of ''Matelea''. Selected species ...

'' *'' Merrillanthus'' *'' Metaplexis'' *'' Metastelma'' *'' Microloma'' *'' Minaria'' *'' Miraglossum'' *'' Monsanima'' *'' Morrenia'' *''

Nautonia ''Nautonia'' is a group of plants in the family Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1844. It contains only one known species, ''Nautonia nummularia'', native to Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Bra ...

'' *'' Nephradenia'' *'' Odontanthera'' *''

Odontostelma ''Asclepias'' is a genus of herbaceous, perennial, flowering plants known as milkweeds, named for their latex, a milky substance containing cardiac glycosides termed cardenolides, exuded where cells are damaged. Most species are toxic to huma ...

'' *'' Oncinema'' *''

Orthosia ''Orthosia'' is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae The Noctuidae, commonly known as owlet moths, cutworms or armyworms, are a family of moths. They are considered the most controversial family in the superfamily Noctuoidea because man ...

'' *'' Oxypetalum'' *'' Oxystelma'' *'' Pachycarpus'' *''

Parapodium In invertebrates, the term parapodium ( Gr. ''para'', beyond or beside + ''podia'', feet; plural: parapodia) refers to lateral outgrowths or protrusions from the body. Parapodia are predominantly found in annelids, where they are paired, unjointed ...

'' *'' Pentacyphus'' *'' Pentarrhinum'' *'' Pentastelma'' *''

Pentatropis ''Pentatropis'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1834. It is native to Africa and southern Asia. ;Species ;formerly included moved to other genera ''(Cynanchum, Daemia, Rhyncharrhena, Vincetoxicu ...

'' *''

Peplonia ''Peplonia'' is a group of plants in the family Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1844. The entire genus is endemic to Brazil.Forzza, R. C. 2010. Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010 . Jardim Botânico ...

'' *''

Pergularia ''Pergularia'' is a genus of the botanical family Apocynaceae. ''Pergularia daemia'' is a perennial twinning herb that grows along the roadsides of India and tropical and subtropical regions in South Asia, Africa, and Australia. Pharmacological ...

'' *'' Petalostelma'' *'' Phaeostemma'' *'' Pherotrichis'' *'' Philibertia'' *'' Pseudolachnostoma'' *''

Raphistemma ''Raphistemma'' was a genus of flowering plants of the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1831, It is native to China and Southeast Asia. but now synonymous and subsumed into the genus ''Cynanchum''. ;Species # ''Raphistemma hoope ...

'' *'' Rhyssostelma'' *'' Rhytidostemma'' *'' Rojasia'' *'' Schizoglossum'' *'' Schizostephanus'' *'' Schubertia'' *'' Scyphostelma'' *'' Seshagiria'' *'' Sichuania'' *'' Solenostemma'' *'' Stathmostelma'' *'' Stelmagonum'' *''

Stenomeria ''Stenomeria'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1852. It is native to northwestern South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern He ...

'' *''

Stenostelma ''Stenostelma'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1894.Gibbs Russell, G. E., W. G. M. Welman, E. Retief, K. L. Immelman, G. Germishuizen, B. J. Pienaar, M. Van Wyk & A. Nicholas. 1987. List of species o ...

'' *''

Tassadia ''Tassadia'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1844. It is native primarily to South America, with one species extending north into Central America, S Mexico, and Trinidad.Hokche, O., P. E. Berry & O. H ...

'' *'' Trachycalymma'' *'' Tweedia'' *'' Tylodontia'' *''

Vincetoxicum ''Vincetoxicum'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae. Although the species in ''Vincetoxicum'' have sometimes been included in ''Cynanchum'', chemical and molecular evidence shows that ''Vincetoxicum'' is more closely related to ''Tylo ...

'' *'' Widgrenia'' *'' Woodia'' *''

Xysmalobium ''Xysmalobium'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1810. It is native to Africa.Brown, Robert. 1810. On the Asclepiadeae 27 ;Species ;formerly included moved to other genera ''(Asclepias, Glossostel ...

Ceropegieae

'' Ceropegia candelabrum'' '' Stapelia gigantea'' *'' Anisotoma'' *'' Anomalluma'' *'' Apteranthes'' *'' Australluma'' *'' Baynesia'' *''

Boucerosia ''Boucerosia'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apocynaceae Apocynaceae (from '' Apocynum'', Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, comm ...

'' *''

Brachystelma The genus ''Brachystelma'' is represented by over a hundred species in the world, chiefly distributed in South Africa, South-East Asia and Australasia. In India, 17 species are known to occur, of which nine are endemic. Species The genus contain ...

'' *''

Caralluma ''Caralluma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae, consisting of about 120 species. In 1795 William Roxburgh published the name '' Stapelia adscendens'' for a plant found in India. He commented that the name for the plant ...

'' *'' Caudanthera'' *''

Ceropegia ''Ceropegia'' is a genus of plants within the family Apocynaceae, native to Africa, southern Asia, and Australia. It was named by Carl Linnaeus, who first described this genus in his ''Genera plantarum'', which appeared in 1737. Linnaeus referre ...

'' *'' Conomitra'' *''

Desmidorchis ''Desmidorchis'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apocynaceae. Its native range is Sahara and Sahel to Eastern Tropical Africa Although tropical Africa is mostly familiar to the West for its rainforests, this biogeog ...

'' *''

Duvalia ''Duvalia'' is a succulent plant genus in the subfamily Asclepiadoideae, in the family Apocynaceae (dogbane). The genus was first described in 1812, named after the French physician and botanist Henri-Auguste Duval (1777-1814). Description ...

'' *'' Duvaliandra'' *''

Echidnopsis ''Echidnopsis'' is a genus of succulent, cactus-like plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1871. They are native to eastern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. ;Accepted species ;Species formerly included ''Echidnopsi ...

'' *''

Edithcolea ''Edithcolea'' is a monotypic genus with a single species ''Edithcolea grandis'' (Persian carpet flower). Once classified in the family Asclepiadaceae, it is now in the subfamily Asclepiadoideae of the dogbane family Apocynaceae. It is native to ...

'' *'' Emplectranthus'' *'' Heterostemma'' *''

'' *''

Larryleachia ''Larryleachia'' is a genus of stapeliad succulent flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae. ;Species * '' Larryleachia cactiformis'' (Hooker) Plowes * '' Larryleachia marlothii'' (N.E. Brown) Plowes * '' Larryleachia perlata'' (Dinter) Pl ...

'' *''

Lavrania ''Lavrania'' is a monospecific genus of plant in family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1986. It is native to Namibia. ;Species # '' Lavrania haagnerae'' Plowes - Namibia ;Taxonomy Phylogenetic studies have shown the genus to be mo ...

'' *'' Leptadenia'' *''

Monolluma ''Monolluma'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae Apocynaceae (from ''Apocynum'', Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly known as the dogban ...

'' *'' Neoschumannia'' *''

Notechidnopsis ''Notechidnopsis'' is a group of plants in the family Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1985. It contains only one recognized species, ''Notechidnopsis tessellata'', native to Cape Province in South Africa. ;formerly included moved to '' ...

'' *''

Ophionella ''Ophionella '' is a group of plants in the family Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1981. It contains only one accepted species, ''Ophionella arcuata'', native to Eastern Cape Province of South Africa South Africa, officially the ...

'' *''

Orbea Orbea is a bicycle manufacturer based in Mallabia, Spain. It is part of the Mondragón Cooperative Corporation and Spain's largest bicycle manufacturer. Orbea manufactures and assembles bikes at their own factory in Mallabia, the other models ...

'' *'' Orbeanthus'' *'' Orthanthera'' *'' Pectinaria'' *'' Pentasachme'' *''

Piaranthus ''Piaranthus'' is a succulent plant genus in the subfamily Asclepiadoideae, in the family Apocynaceae. It was first described in 1810. Its name comes from Greek and is descriptive of the fleshy, succulent flowers typical of the genus (''"piar-" ...

'' *''

Pseudolithos ''Pseudolithos'' is a genus of succulent flowering plants of the family Apocynaceae, indigenous to arid areas of Somalia, Yemen and Oman. Description and naming The plants were first described as a genus in 1965; the name ''"Pseudo-lithos"'' me ...

'' *''

Quaqua The genus ''Quaqua'' falls within the tribe of plants known collectively as stapeliads. All stapeliads, including ''Quaqua'', are Old World stem succulents. Species of the genus ''Quaqua'' are exceptionally varied and endemic to southwestern ...

'' *''

Rhytidocaulon Rhytidocaulon is a plant genus in the family Apocynaceae, first described in 1962. It is native to northeastern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula ;Species # '' Rhytidocaulon paradoxum'' P.R.O.Bally - Ethiopia # '' Rhytidocaulon piliferum'' Lavra ...

'' *'' Richtersveldia'' *''

Riocreuxia ''Riocreuxia'' is a plant genus in the family ''Apocynaceae Apocynaceae (from '' Apocynum'', Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly known as the dogb ...

'' *'' Sisyranthus'' *'' Socotrella'' *''

'' *'' Stapelianthus'' *'' Stapeliopsis'' *'' Tavaresia'' *''

Tridentea ''Tridentea'' is a genus of succulent plant in the family Apocynaceae, endemic to southern Africa. Name and history ''Tridentea'' was first described as a genus in 1812, and its name refers to the three "teeth" on each interstaminal segment of ...

'' *''

Tromotriche ''Tromotriche'' is a genus of plant in family Apocynaceae. It is native to southern Africa.Gibbs Russell, G. E., W. G. M. Welman, E. Retief, K. L. Immelman, G. Germishuizen, B. J. Pienaar, M. Van Wyk & A. Nicholas. 1987. List of species of southe ...

'' *''

Whitesloanea ''Whitesloanea'' (also ''White-sloanea'') is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apocynaceae. It has only one known species; ''White-sloanea crassa'' (N.E.Br.) Chiov. It has an unusual odour, in that many believe it to s ...

Eustegieae

*''

Eustegia ''Eustegia'' is a genus of vines in the family Apocynaceae Apocynaceae (from '' Apocynum'', Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly known as the dogba ...

'' *'' Emicocarpus''

Fockeeae

*''

Cibirhiza ''Cibirhiza'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1988. It is native to central and eastern Africa and to the Arabian Peninsula. Species # ''Cibirhiza albersiana'' Kunz, Meve & Liede - Tanzania, Zambia ...

'' *''

Fockea ''Fockea'' is a genus of succulent scrubs native to southern Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) ...

Marsdenieae

*'' Anatropanthus'' *'' Anisopus'' *'' Asterostemma'' *'' Campestigma'' *'' Cathetostemma'' *'' Cionura'' *'' Cosmostigma'' *''

Dischidia ''Dischidia'' is a genus of plants in the “dog-bane” family Apocynaceae, collectively known as the “milkweeds” (true perennial milkweeds in the ''Apocynaceae'' are found in the genus ''Asclepias''). They are epiphytes, native to tropical ...

'' *'' Dolichopetalum'' *''

Gongronema ''Gongronema'' is a genus of plants first described as a genus in 1844. Some of the species are native to Africa, with others in South Asia, South and Southeast Asia. ;Species accepted ;formerly included References

Asclepiadoideae Ap ...

'' *'' Gunnessia'' *''

Gymnema ''Gymnema'' (Neo-Latin, from Greek γυμνὀς ''gymnos'', "naked" and νῆμα, ''nēma'', "thread") is a genus in the family Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1810. One species, ''Gymnema sylvestre ''Gymnema sylvestre'' is a pere ...

'' *''

Heynella ''Heynella'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The only species is ''Heynella lactea''. It is native to Java. The genus name of ''Heynella'' is in honour of Karel Heyne (1877–1947), a Dutch botanist. ...

'' *'' Hoya'' *'' Jasminanthes'' *''

Lygisma ''Lygisma'' is a plant genus in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1883. It is native to southern China, Indochina, Malaysia, and the Himalayas The Himalayas, or Himalaya (; ; ), is a mountain range in Asia, separating ...

'' *''

Marsdenia ''Marsdenia'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1810. It is named in honor of the plant collector and Secretary of the Admiralty, William Marsden. The plants are native to tropical regions in Asia, Afri ...

'' *'' Oreosparte'' *'' Pycnorhachis'' *'' Rhyssolobium'' *'' Ruehssia'' *''

Sarcolobus ''Sarcolobus'' is a plant genus in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1810. It is native to Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Australia, and certain islands of the Western Pacific Islands, Pacific. ;Species # ''Sarcolobus brachystep ...

'' *'' Stephanotis'' *'' Stigmatorhynchus'' *''

Telosma ''Telosma'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described in 1905. It is native to Africa, and Asia.Gibbs Russell, G. E., W. G. M. Welman, E. Retief, K. L. Immelman, G. Germishuizen, B. J. Pienaar, M. Van Wyk & A. Nicholas. 1987 ...

'' *'' Treutlera'' *'' Wattakaka''

Genera now placed elsewhere

These genera are not accepted within Asclepiadoideae by Endress ''et al''. *''

Absolmsia ''Absolmsia'' is a genus of flowering plants of the family Apocynaceae of two species, native to Southwest of China and Borneo. The genus commemorates Hermann zu Solms-Laubach Hermann zu Solms-Laubach, more precisely Hermann Maximilian Carl L ...

'' *''

Belostemma ''Vincetoxicum'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae. Although the species in ''Vincetoxicum'' have sometimes been included in ''Cynanchum'', chemical and molecular evidence shows that ''Vincetoxicum'' is more closely related to ''Tylo ...

'' *'' Biondia'' *'' Blyttia'' *'' Clemensiella'' *'' Corollonema'' *'' Cyathostelma'' *'' Dactylostelma'' *'' Dalzielia'' *'' Decanema'' *''Diplostigma'' (syn. of ''

'') *'' Dischidanthus'' *'' Dittoceras'' *'' Dregea'' *''

Frerea ''Boucerosia frerei'' is a plant in the genus '' Boucerosia'' which contains several species many of which are native to the Indian subcontinent and one species, '' Boucerosia crenulata'', native to Myanmar. ''B. frerei'' (locally called shindel ...

'' *'' Gymnanthera'' *'' Gymnemopsis'' *'' Hemidesmus'' *''

Huerniopsis ''Huerniopsis'' is a genus of plants in the Apocynaceae family, first described in 1878. It is native to southern Africa. ;Species # ''Huerniopsis atrosanguinea'' (N.E. Br.) A.C. White & B. Sloane - N Botswana # ''Huerniopsis decipiens'' N.E.Br ...

'' *'' Ischnostemma'' *'' Kerbera'' *'' Leichardtia'' *'' Lhotzkyella'' *'' Macroditassa'' *'' Manothrix'' *''

Melinia ''Philibertia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1819. It is native to South America.Holm, R. W. 1950. The American species of ''Sarcostemma'' R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae). Annals of the Missouri ...

'' *'' Microdactylon'' *'' Microstelma'' *'' Mitostigma'' *'' Oncostemma'' *'' Orbeopsis'' *'' Pachycymbium'' *'' Papuastelma'' *'' Periglossum'' *'' Petopentia'' *'' Pleurostelma'' *'' Podostelma'' *'' Polystemma'' *'' Ptycanthera'' *'' Quisumbingia'' *''

Raphionacme ''Raphionacme'' is a plant genus in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1842. The genus is found primarily in Africa, with one species on the Arabian Peninsula.Miller, Anthony G. & Biagi, J. A. 1988. Notes from the Royal Botani ...

'' *'' Rhyncharrhena'' *''

Sarcostemma ''Sarcostemma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the dogbane family, Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1810. The name is derived from the Greek words σαρκὸς (''sarkos''), meaning "flesh," and στέμμα (''stemma''), meaning ...

'' *'' Schistogyne'' *'' Schistonema'' *'' Seutera'' *'' Sphaerocodon'' *''

Telminostelma ''Telminostelma'' is a genus of plants in the Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1885. It is native to Brazil and Bolivia in South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the So ...

'' *''

Tenaris Tenaris S.A. is a global manufacturer and supplier of steel pipes and related services, primarily for the energy industry with nearly 23,000 employees around the world. It is a majority-owned subsidiary company of the Techint Group, which ha ...

'' *'' Tetraphysa'' *'' Trichosacme'' *''

Tylophora ''Tylophora'' is a genus of climbing plant or vine, first described as a genus in 1810. It is native to tropical and subtropical Asia, Africa, and Australia. Most of the species are perennial lianas. The name is derived from the Ancient Greek '' ...

'' *'' Tylophoropsis'' *'' Vailia''

References

External links

Stapeliads.info
* ttps://www.botanical-dermatology-database.info/BotDermFolder/ASCL-1.html Asclepiadaceaei
BoDD – Botanical Dermatology Database
{{Taxonbar, from1=Q8206302, from2=Q156689 Gentianales subfamilies