Arrowverse

The Arrowverse is an American superhero media franchise and a shared universe that is centered on various interconnected television series based on DC Comics superhero characters, primarily airing on The CW as well as web series on CW Seed. The series were developed by Greg Berlanti, Marc Guggenheim, Andrew Kreisberg, Geoff Johns, Ali Adler, Phil Klemmer, Salim Akil, Caroline Dries and Todd Helbing. Set in a shared fictional multiverse much like the DC Universe and DC Multiverse in comic books, it was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast and characters that span six live-action television series and two animated series.

The franchise began with ''Arrow'', based on the character Green Arrow, which debuted in October 2012. It was followed by ''The Flash'' in 2014, and the animated web-series '' Vixen'' in 2015. The franchise was further expanded in 2016, when in January of that year a new series titled '' Legends of Tomorrow'' debuted, starring characters that originally appeared on both ''Arrow'' and ''The Flash''. Later that year, the CBS series '' Supergirl'', having already crossed-over with ''The Flash'', was moved to The CW for its second season and following seasons until its ending. A second animated web-series, '' Freedom Fighters: The Ray'', was released in 2017, which followed Ray Terrill / The Ray, who would make a live-action appearance during that year's crossover event " Crisis on Earth-X". In addition to the live-action and web-based series, the franchise has spawned three promotional tie-in live-action web series, ''Blood Rush'', ''Chronicles of Cisco'', and ''The Flash: Stretched Scenes''; released in 2013, 2016, and 2017 respectively. A fifth series, ''Batwoman'', premiered in 2019. Six ensemble crossover events involving many of the live-action series of the Arrowverse took place, beginning with "Flash vs. Arrow" in 2014 and concluding with " Crisis on Infinite Earths" in-between 2019 and 2020. Additionally, Matt Ryan has reprised his role as John Constantine from the NBC series '' Constantine'', initially in guest appearances in episodes of ''Arrow'' and ''Legends of Tomorrow'', before becoming a series regular for the latter, in addition to continuing storylines from the former series.

The 2018 and 2019 crossovers, "Elseworlds" and "Crisis on Infinite Earths", respectively, saw multiple DC television series and films be retroactively added to the franchise's multiverse. "Crisis on Infinite Earths" also rebooted the multiverse, which saw ''Supergirl'' join the other live-action series on a new fictional Earth along with the series '' Black Lightning'', which had been separate up to this point. The franchise has been successful, creating a large fandom around the world and has received positive reviews, where critics have praised the themes, acting, action sequences, direction and character development.

Development

In January 2012, The CW ordered a pilot for ''Arrow'', revolving around the character Green Arrow and developed by Andrew Kreisberg, Greg Berlanti, and Marc Guggenheim. Stephen Amell was cast in the titular role. When developing the series, Guggenheim said that the creative team wanted to "chart heirown course, heirown destiny", and avoid any direct connections to the series ''Smallville'', which featured its own Green Arrow ( Justin Hartley). In July 2013, it was announced that Berlanti, Kreisberg, and Geoff Johns would be creating a spin-off television series based on The Flash. The character, played by Grant Gustin, was set to appear in three episodes of ''Arrow''s second season. The third episode was supposed to act as a backdoor pilot for the new series, but a traditional pilot was eventually ordered instead.

In November 2014, Berlanti expressed interest in making his CBS series '' Supergirl'' exist in the same universe as ''Arrow'' and ''The Flash'', and in January 2015, The CW president Mark Pedowitz revealed that he was also open to a crossover among the series and networks. However, CBS president Nina Tassler stated that month that, "those two shows are on a different network. So I think we'll keep ''Supergirl'' to ourselves for a while." In August 2015, Tassler revealed that while there were no plans at the time to do story crossovers, the three series would have crossover promotions.

In January 2015, the CW announced that an animated web-series featuring the DC heroine Vixen would debut on CW Seed in late 2015 and be set in the same universe as both ''Arrow'' and ''The Flash''. Amell and Gustin would reprise their respective roles in the series, and the character of Vixen was expected to make a live-action appearance on ''The Flash'' and/or ''Arrow'' as well. The next month, it was reported that another spin-off series, described as a superhero team-up show, was being discussed by The CW for a possible 2015–16 midseason release. Berlanti, Kreisberg, Guggenheim and Sarah Schechter would be executive producers of the potential series, which would be headlined by several recurring characters from both ''Arrow'' and ''The Flash''. That May, the CW officially confirmed ''DC's Legends of Tomorrow'' for a January 2016 premiere. Pedowitz later stated, "There is no intention, at this point, to spin anything else off" to add to the universe, though after ''Vixen'' was renewed for a second season he said, "Hopefully, that character could actually spin itself out, if not, maybe join as one of the Legends" in ''Legends of Tomorrow''. In October, additional ''Arrow'' showrunner Wendy Mericle revealed that the producers had begun having someone track all the characters and plots used by each series, in order to make sure everything lines up, but the following April, ''The Flash'' executive producer Aaron Helbing noted that "sometimes the schedules don't line up exactly...and that stuff is out of our control", such as when Barry was shown using his abilities on ''Arrow'', while not having them the same week on ''The Flash''.

In January 2016, Tassler's successor Glenn Geller said "I have to be really careful what I say here" in regards to a potential ''Supergirl''/Arrowverse crossover, so "Watch and wait and see what happens." The following month, it was announced that Gustin would appear on the ''Supergirl'' episode "Worlds Finest". Berlanti and Kreisberg, also ''Supergirl'' executive producers, thanked "the fans and journalists who have kept asking for this to happen. It is our pleasure and hope to create an episode worthy of everyone's enthusiasm and support." In "Worlds Finest", ''Supergirl'' is established as being in an alternate universe where the Flash helps Kara fight the Silver Banshee and Livewire in exchange for her help in returning home. The events of the episode intersect with the events of the eighteenth episode of ''The Flash'' season two, "Versus Zoom". The crossover required "a lot more logistical trickery" than the usual Arrowverse crossovers, due to Gustin filming ''The Flash'' in Vancouver alongside ''Arrow'' and ''Legends of Tomorrow'', while ''Supergirl'' was produced in Los Angeles. The producers chose to use the Flash as the character to crossover, due to his ability to travel between various Earths, and because it was "a little more fun at first to bring the veteran from that show to the chemistry of a new show." Berlanti stated that "in a perfect world", the crossover would have featured both Gustin and Amell's Green Arrow, "but logistically that would have been a nightmare to try and do both shows. We had to facilitate one." Gustin was optimistic that the crossover in 2016 would allow another crossover the following year with the rest of the Arrowverse shows.

In May, it was announced that ''Supergirl'' would move from CBS to The CW for its second season, and that production would move from Los Angeles to Vancouver, where the CW Arrowverse series film. The second season premiered on October 10, 2016. It was also announced that Supergirl would appear on ''Arrow'', ''The Flash'', and ''Legends of Tomorrow'' during the 2016–17 season crossover episodes, though Guggenheim cautioned that "She is going to be coming over but we're not going to do a full on ''Supergirl'' crossover". Kreisberg also confirmed that, despite the series moving to The CW, the title character's universe would not be integrated into Earth-1, the main universe of ''Arrow'', ''The Flash'' and ''Legends of Tomorrow'', and would continue to exist in a parallel universe. The Earth the ''Supergirl'' series inhabits is Earth-38 in the Arrowverse multiverse, and has been informally referred to as "Earth-CBS" by Guggenheim, named for the network where ''Supergirl'' first aired. In August, the CW announced the animated web-series '' Freedom Fighters: The Ray'' for CW Seed, intending that the actor cast as Raymond "Ray" Terrill would appear in the live-action series, much like Mari McCabe / Vixen.

In May 2017, The CW ordered '' Black Lightning'' to series. The series had previously been in development at Fox, at which point Berlanti had stated ''Black Lightning'' would not crossover with his other DC Comics television properties on The CW, nor would it exist in the Arrowverse. With the move to The CW, Pedowitz said the series "at this time, is not part of the Arrowverse. It is a separate situation." Showrunners Salim Akil later clarified that they were not ruling out eventual crossovers, but wanted to establish the series and its own world first.

In July 2018, it was revealed that the CW was developing a script for a potential series centered on Batwoman, intending to launch it after the character debuted in the "Elseworlds" crossover event. The series, if picked up, would be written by Caroline Dries, with plans to air in 2019. In August, Ruby Rose was cast as Kate Kane / Batwoman. In December, it was announced that " Crisis on Infinite Earths" would be the fifth annual crossover, following the "Elseworlds" crossover. Further details explained that "Crisis" would run for five hours, marking the Arrowverse's longest crossover, and that the five parts would not air on consecutive nights, as with previous crossovers. Instead, three episodes would air in December 2019 and two in January 2020. It would also include ''Batwoman'' and ''Legends'', which were not part of the "Elseworlds" crossover.

In January 2019, ''Batwoman'' received a pilot pick-up from the CW. On January 31, 2019, the four series already running on The CW were confirmed for further seasons, carrying them through the 2019–20 television season. On March 6, 2019, it was announced that the eighth season of ''Arrow'' would be the final season of the series, with an abbreviated ten-episode season. On May 7, The CW ordered ''Batwoman'' to series. Discussing a potential ''Black Lightning'' crossover with the Arrowverse in July 2019, Cress Williams revealed that "there's been lots of talk ..nothing official, but at this point, I wouldn't be surprised." Two weeks later in August, Williams confirmed reports that characters from ''Black Lightning'' would appear in "Crisis on Infinite Earths". Also in August, it was reported that another untitled spin-off has been plotted. In September 2019, it was reported that The CW was developing a female led spin-off series with Katherine McNamara, Katie Cassidy and Juliana Harkavy as the leads. The following month, Marc Guggenheim released an image indicating ''Green Arrow and the Canaries'' as a potential name for the show. The same month, a ''Superman & Lois'' spinoff series entered development with Tyler Hoechlin and Elizabeth Tulloch reprising their roles as Clark Kent / Superman and Lois Lane from ''Supergirl''.

In January 2020, the five series running on The CW (''The Flash'', ''Supergirl'', ''Legends of Tomorrow'', ''Batwoman'', and ''Black Lightning'') were confirmed for further seasons, carrying them through the 2020–21 television season. ''Superman & Lois'' was also ordered to series. At the end of "Crisis on Infinite Earths", the new Earth-Prime was formed, which saw ''Black Lightning''s earth merge with the former Earth-1 and Earth-38, creating a fictional universe where all of The CW series exist together. On September 22, 2020, it was announced that ''Supergirl'' would conclude after its sixth season. A backdoor pilot for a potential spinoff based on Painkiller was in development, directed by Salim Akil, and aired as the seventh episode of the fourth season of '' Black Lightning'' with Jordan Calloway reprising his role from the show. On November 16, a series centered on the Yara Flor version of Wonder Girl was in development from Gerg Berlanti and Dailyn Rodriguez. On November 20, 2020, ''Black Lightning'' was announced to conclude after its fourth season. The CW officially passed on the ''Arrow''-spinoff ''Green Arrow and the Canaries'' in January 2021, passed on ''Wonder Girl'' in February 2021, and passed on the ''Black Lightning''-spinoff ''Painkiller'' in May 2021.

In February 2021, the three remaining series that were not set to conclude at the time (''The Flash'', ''Legends of Tomorrow'' and ''Batwoman'') were confirmed for further seasons, carrying them through the 2021–22 television season. In March 2021, ''Superman & Lois'' was renewed for a second season. In January 2022, ''Justice U'' was in development from Michael Narducci and Zoanne Clack. It would star David Ramsey reprising his role as John Diggle, in which Diggle recruits five young meta humans to live undercover as freshmen at a prestigious university, with Diggle overseeing their education and training. Ramsey would also direct the pilot if ordered, with Berlanti, Schechter, David Madden, and Johns executive producing alongside Narducci and Clack. In March 2022, ''The Flash'' and ''Superman & Lois'' were both confirmed for a ninth and third season respectively, carrying them through the 2022–23 television season. In April 2022, ''Batwoman'' and ''Legends of Tomorrow'' were both canceled. On August 1, 2022, it was announced that ''The Flash'' would be concluding with its upcoming ninth season, which would also act as the conclusion of the Arrowverse, due to ''Superman & Lois'' having been confirmed to take place in an adjacent universe.

Name

In August 2015, in a video about the production of ''Vixen''s first season, Guggenheim referred to the series' shared universe as the "Arrowverse". Kreisberg confirmed that this was the name the producers used for it. The universe has also been referred to by the media as the "Flarrowverse", "Berlanti-verse" and "DC TV-verse".

In September 2020, The CW released a trailer for the various series that would be airing on the network in 2021, which featured the name "The CWverse" in it. Many outlets felt the change was due to ''Arrow'' having ended and the character no longer a part of the shared universe. However, Matt Webb Mitovich of '' TVLine'' felt that with the inclusion of '' Stargirl'' in the trailer, which exists on a parallel earth to the Arrowverse, the name was perhaps a way to discuss all of the superhero series airing on network at the time. Mitovich also pointed out the term had been used a year prior in a similar trailer, which had featured the Arrowverse series plus ''Black Lightning'', which was not part of the universe at that time. Jake Abbate of ''SuperHeroHype'' also referred to the name as encompassing the "programming block" of superhero shows on the network. Daniel Gillespie from ''Screen Rant'' felt if this was The CW's attempt to change the Arrowverse's name, that fans and the media would not "suddenly start" using the name, and if The CW kept using the term, could "lead to a situation where the universe is called one thing officially, but another entirely by the majority of people who watch it". In May 2021, when discussing the 2021–22 season of shows, Pedowitz referred to the series as the "CWverse".

Television series

Six television series make up the bulk of the Arrowverse franchise: ''Arrow'', ''The Flash'', ''Supergirl'', ''Legends of Tomorrow'', ''Black Lightning'' and ''Batwoman'', along with two web series, ''Vixen'' and ''Freedom Fighters: The Ray''. All series in total amount to episodes across seasons of television.

''Arrow'' (2012–2020)

Billionaire playboy Oliver Queen returns home after being stranded on a deserted island for five years. Upon his return to Starling City, Oliver rekindles his relationships and spends his nights hunting down wealthy criminals as a hooded vigilante known as The Green Arrow.

''The Flash'' (2014–present)

Crime-scene investigator Barry Allen awakens from a nine-month coma after being struck by lightning due to the S.T.A.R. Labs' particle accelerator explosion and finds himself with superhuman speed. Barry vows to use his new powers to protect Central City as the Flash, a masked superhero, while he pursues his mother's murderer, the Reverse-Flash.

''Supergirl'' (2015–2021)

Kara Zor-El, who was sent to Earth from Krypton as a 13-year-old and taken in by the Danvers family, must learn to embrace her powers after previously hiding them. After an unexpected disaster, Kara is forced to reveal her powers, and becomes National City's protector.

''Legends of Tomorrow'' (2016–2022)

Rip Hunter travels back in time to the present day where he brings together a team of heroes and villains in an attempt to prevent Vandal Savage from destroying the world and time itself.

''Black Lightning'' (2018–2021)

High school principal Jefferson Pierce, who retired from his superhero persona Black Lightning nine years ago after seeing the effects it had on his family, is forced to become a vigilante again when the rise of the local gang called The 100 led by Tobias Whale leads to increased crime and corruption in his community of Freeland.

''Batwoman'' (2019–2022)

After the disappearance of Batman, Kate Kane must overcome her own demons before being able to protect the streets of Gotham as Batwoman and becoming their symbol of hope. From the second season onward, after Kate's plane mysteriously crashes and she is believed to be dead, Ryan Wilder takes up the mantle of Batwoman.

Web series

''Vixen'' (2015–2016)

After her parents were killed in Africa by local corruption, Mari McCabe inherits her family's Tantu Totem, gaining the powers of animals, using them to fight as Vixen to stop threats like those that claimed her family.

''Freedom Fighters: The Ray'' (2017–2018)

Raymond "Ray" Terrill is a reporter who gains light-based powers after being exposed to a genetic light bomb. Ray discovers the bomb in his investigation of a secret government project attempting to harness the power of light and weaponize it. The Ray is a member of the Freedom Fighters on Earth-X, a world in the multiverse where the Nazis won World War II.

Recurring cast and characters

* A number beside a character's name indicates the character is from that alternate world (i.e. a indicates a character from Earth-2).

After Miller's exit as a series regular during ''Legends of Tomorrow''s first season, it was revealed he signed a deal with Warner Bros. to become a series regular across any of the shows in the Arrowverse. The deal was initially focused on Miller and his characters of Leonard and Leo Snart appearing on ''The Flash'' and ''Legends of Tomorrow''. Berlanti stated that Miller's deal was "the first contract not applicable to just one show," adding "In success we hope to continue with other characters finding their way across all the shows." Barrowman signed a similar deal to Miller in July 2016, allowing him to continue being a series regular on ''Arrow'' as well as ''The Flash'' and ''Legends of Tomorrow'', followed by Cassidy for her character Laurel Lance.

Expanded setting

Official crossover events

List indicators
* A grey cell indicates the series was not a part of the crossover event.
* The number in parentheses next to the episode title indicates which part of the crossover it is, if not clear otherwise.

Yearly crossover events in the Arrowverse began in the 2013–14 television season, when Barry Allen was introduced in the eighth episode of ''Arrow''s second season ahead of the debut of ''The Flash''. The next year, the eighth episodes of the third season of ''Arrow'' and the first season of ''The Flash'' formed a two-part event known as "Flash vs. Arrow". In January 2015, The CW president Mark Pedowitz said that there would be an Arrowverse crossover every season. In the 2015–16 television season, a two-part event, "Heroes Join Forces" between the eighth episodes of the fourth season of ''Arrow'' and the second season of ''The Flash'' was used to set up a new team-up series, ''Legends of Tomorrow''. For the 2016–17 television season, the " Invasion!" crossover included ''The Flash'', ''Arrow'', and ''Legends of Tomorrow'', with the event beginning at the end of ''Supergirl''. A true four-part crossover occurred in the 2017–18 television season with " Crisis on Earth-X", which also tied into the animated web series, '' Freedom Fighters: The Ray'', and featured characters and concepts from that series. The 2018–19 crossover, "Elseworlds", included ''Supergirl'', ''The Flash'', and ''Arrow'' and saw the introduction of Batwoman ahead of her debut in her own series. At the end of "Elseworlds", it was revealed that the 2019–20 television season crossover would be " Crisis on Infinite Earths", a five-part crossover with episodes of ''Supergirl'', ''Batwoman'', ''The Flash'', ''Arrow'', and ''Legends of Tomorrow''.

Additional crossovers include "Worlds Finest", an episode which sees Barry Allen travel to Supergirl's Earth for the first time, and "Duet", a musical crossover with ''The Flash'' and ''Supergirl''. For the 2021–22 season, the eighth season of ''The Flash'' began with a five-episode event known as " Armageddon" that featured additional heroes and actors from other Arrowverse series. Pedowitz said the episodes would "not quite be a crossover, but it will have a crossover-type feel". ''The Flash'' showrunner Eric Wallace noted that these event episodes were meant to be a temporary replacement for the yearly crossovers because of the various COVID-19 production protocols, saying, "we want to deliver the same feeling to the audience ith the event episodesthat you would get with a crossover kind of story".

In 2022, the comic book crossover event series ''Earth-Prime'' was released. The six-issue event features five issues focusing on each current series (''Batwoman'', ''Superman & Lois'', ''Legends of Tomorrow'', ''Stargirl'', and ''The Flash'', respectively) with the sixth issue being a crossover between the series. Actors, writers, and executives from each of the series were involved in their creations, with the stories approved by the producers and considered in-canon to the series. The ''Batwoman'' issue, released on April 5, was written by show writers Natalie Abrams and Kelly Larson, and actor Camrus Johnson, with art by Clayton Henry. The ''Superman & Lois'' issue, released on April 19, was written by show writers Adam Mallinger, Jai Jamison, and Andrew Wong, with art by Tom Grummett and Norm Rapmund. The ''Legends of Tomorrow'' issue, released on May 3, was written by show writers Lauren Fields and Daniel Park, with art by Paul Pelletier and Andrew Hennessy. The ''Stargirl'' issue, released on May 17, was written by show writers James Robinson and Paula Sevenbergen, with art by Jerry Ordway.

"Crisis on Infinite Earths" crossovers

The 2019 crossover event "Crisis on Infinite Earths" incorporated several DC Entertainment properties into the Arrowverse multiverse, including those that had already been established in previous series and crossovers. The new properties that appeared in "Crisis on Infinite Earths" included:

* ''Batman'' (1966–1968 television series): Burt Ward reprises his role as an aged Dick Grayson. This reality is designated Earth-66 in the pre-Crisis multiverse.
* ''Batman'' (1989 film): Robert Wuhl reprises his role as Alexander Knox. This reality is designated Earth-89 in the pre-Crisis multiverse.
* ''Smallville'' (2001–2011 television series): Tom Welling and Erica Durance reprise their roles as Clark Kent and Lois Lane, respectively. This reality is designated Earth-167 in the pre-Crisis multiverse.
* '' Birds of Prey'' (2002–2003 television series): Ashley Scott and Dina Meyer reprise their roles as Helena Kyle / Huntress and Barbara Gordon / Oracle, respectively. This reality is designated Earth-203 in the pre-Crisis multiverse.
* '' Superman Returns'' (2006 film): Brandon Routh reprises his role as Kal-El / Clark Kent / Superman, albeit as an aged incarnation inspired by the ''Kingdom Come'' comic story. This reality is designated Earth-96 in both the pre- and post-Crisis multiverse.
* '' Green Lantern'' (2011 film): This reality is designated Earth-12 in the post-Crisis multiverse.
* DC Extended Universe (2013–present film franchise): Ezra Miller reprises their role as Barry Allen, though his universe was left undesignated.
* '' Lucifer'' (2016–2021 television series): Tom Ellis reprises his role as Lucifer Morningstar. This reality is designated Earth-666 in the pre-Crisis multiverse.
* '' Titans'' (2018–present television series): Alan Ritchson, Curran Walters, Teagan Croft, Minka Kelly, and Anna Diop appear in their roles as Henry "Hank" Hall / Hawk, Jason Todd / Robin, Rachel Roth, Dawn Granger / Dove, and Koriand'r / Kory Anders / Starfire, respectively, from archive footage. This reality is designated Earth-9 in both the pre- and post-Crisis multiverse.
* '' Swamp Thing'' (2019 television series): Derek Mears appears in his role as Alec Holland / Swamp Thing. This reality is designated Earth-19 in the post-Crisis multiverse.
* '' Doom Patrol'' (2019–present television series): April Bowlby, Diane Guerrero, Joivan Wade, Riley Shanahan, and Matthew Zuk appear in their roles as Rita Farr, Jane, Victor "Vic" Stone / Cyborg, Cliff Steele, and Larry Trainor, respectively from archive footage. This reality is designated Earth-21 in the post-Crisis multiverse.
* '' Stargirl'' (2020–2022 television series): Brec Bassinger debuted as Courtney Whitmore / Stargirl, alongside Yvette Monreal as Yolanda Montez / Wildcat, Anjelika Washington as Beth Chapel / Doctor Mid-Nite, and Cameron Gellman as Rick Tyler / Hourman from footage from ''Stargirl''. This reality is designated Earth-2 in the post-Crisis multiverse.

2021 crossovers

=Planned

=
By November 2019, Guggenheim, Berlanti, and Pedowitz had discussed what the 2020 crossover would entail, with Guggenheim revealing in January 2020, that a general idea had been approved by Pedowitz and Berlanti. Guggenheim confirmed they had "no intention of trying something sambitious" as the previous year's "Crisis on Infinite Earths", hoping "to really go back to the basics". He felt a crossover like "Crisis on Infinite Earths" was something "you’ve got to build to" and the goal of the next crossover was to "return to the roots" of the Arrowverse crossovers. In May 2020, Pedowitz revealed the crossover would be two hours, occurring on episodes of ''Batwoman'' and ''Superman & Lois'', airing in Q1/Q2 of 2021. Pedowitz added that the event would also see many characters from the other Arrowverse series appear. ''Batwoman'' showrunner Caroline Dries was excited to integrate more of the ''Batwoman'' characters in this crossover after she "was really protective of them in "Crisis" because it was like blowing open a whole genre world to our characters, but now people are a little bit more integrated" to the larger Arrowverse. In August 2020, Berlanti reiterated that "aspirations aren't quite as large" for the crossover, particularly with the COVID-19 pandemic necessitating additional safety precautions and guidelines for filming. However, by January 2021, the crossover was no longer moving forward because of the pandemic, with Dries explaining they could not have the crews of each series interact for fear of COVID-19 exposure.

=John Diggle storyline

=
In December 2020, David Ramsey was revealed to be reprising his role of John Diggle on ''Superman & Lois'', ''Supergirl'', ''The Flash'', and ''Batwoman'', as well as on ''Legends of Tomorrow'' as "a historical Western character". Ramsey directed the episodes of ''Legends of Tomorrow'' and ''Supergirl'' he starred in.

According to ''Superman & Lois'' showrunner Todd Helbing, Ramsey's return was originally conceived as a five-episode story across the various series that was "pretty cool". However, because of the production difficulties that arose from the COVID-19 pandemic, his appearances were adjusted since it would have been "impossible to make it make sense", though there would still be a through-line between each appearance. The ''Batwoman'', ''Flash'', ''Superman & Lois'', and ''Supergirl'' episodes explore what Diggle has been up to since the end of "Arrow" when he encountered a glowing green box. Ramsey spoke to the grounded nature of Diggle as a character, and given that, "he refused the invitation of whatever was in the box" since the last thing he would want to do is "receive an invitation from something otherworldly". However, there are consequences for Diggle with that decision. His appearance on ''Superman & Lois'' was described by Helbing as "more of a one-off" while still touching on the overall story thematically.

Ramsey appeared in " Rebirth" on ''Batwoman'', "Stressed Western" on ''Legends of Tomorrow'', "P.O.W." on ''The Flash'', "Through the Valley of Death" on ''Superman & Lois'', and " Blind Spots" on ''Supergirl''. While in Gotham City for a neurological exam, Diggle crosses paths with Luke Fox and gives him some advice. Diggle then assists Team Flash in Central City with the war against Godspeed. Cecile Horton tells Diggle she senses pain in his head from an infinite presence, and during a fight, Diggle has a dizzy spell and collapses to the ground, hearing the repeated phrase "worlds await". He leaves Central City soon after and is next seen in Smallville to aid Superman and Lois Lane. Finally, Diggle heads to National City to help Kelly Olsen with her decision to become the new Guardian, telling her he had an opportunity to become a special kind of hero and turned it down. The storyline was concluded in 2022 in ''The Flash''s season 8 episode "The Man in the Yellow Tie". After the revelation that ''Superman & Lois'' is set in an adjacent universe, the Diggle appearing in that series was confirmed to be an alternate version of the Arrowverse character.

Multiverse

In October 2014, Johns explained that DC's approach to their films and television series would be different from Marvel Studios' cinematic universe, stating that their film universe and TV universes would be kept separate within a multiverse to allow "everyone to make the best possible product, to tell the best story, to do the best world." The second season of ''The Flash'' began to explore this concept of the multiverse, by introducing Earth-2, which features doppelgängers of the inhabitants of Earth-1. ''Supergirl'' was confirmed as an alternate universe, later designated Earth-38, with ''The Flash'' crossover episode "Worlds Finest" (2016). ''Freedom Fighters: The Ray'' is set on Earth-X.

The 2019 crossover event "Crisis on Infinite Earths", inspired by the comic of the same name, destroyed all of the universes within the Arrowverse multiverse, both on- and off-screen. At the time, the highest-numbered universe to be referenced was Earth-898, though the multiverse contained an infinite number of universes. The end of "Crisis on Infinite Earths" saw the creation of a new multiverse, most notably the new Earth-Prime, a world featuring inhabitants from the pre-Crisis Earth-1, Earth-2, Earth-38, and ''Black Lightning''s Earth, combining all of the CW series at the time and moving forward with all of them on one fictional earth. Six additional Earths within this new multiverse were revealed in the crossover.

Ezra Miller's cameo as Barry Allen from the DC Extended Universe in "Crisis on Infinite Earths" opened up more possibilities for crossovers between the DC films and Arrowverse. DC Films president Walter Hamada revealed prior to "Crisis", DC had been structured in a way that the television division had to clear the use of characters with the film division. Now, the company could "really lean into this idea of he multiverseand acknowledge the fact there can be a Flash on TV and one in the movies, and you don't have to pick one or the other, and they both exist in this multiverse." Berlanti agreed, feeling that "moving forward, there’s more opportunity to do more things like this". In February 2021, Casey Bloys, chief content officer for HBO and HBO Max, indicated that DC and WarnerMedia were working to ensure the creative decisions for theirs shows on HBO Max and The CW and their films were aware of each other "so that there's nobody overlapping" and everything worked to make sense together. Bloys added everything would exist in a larger multiverse.

''The Flash '' (1990–1991)

In ''The Flash'' (2014 TV series) episode " Welcome to Earth-2" (2016), glimpses of the multiverse are seen, including an image of John Wesley Shipp as the Flash from the 1990 television series, implying that the series exists on an alternate Earth within the Arrowverse multiverse; Shipp reprised his role as Barry Allen / The Flash from the 1990 series in the annual crossover events "Elseworlds" (2018), and " Crisis on Infinite Earths" (2019). His native universe was designated Earth-90 in the pre-Crisis Multiverse.

''Constantine'' (2014–2015)

By May 2015, Amell had had discussions with DC Entertainment about portraying Queen on NBCs ''Constantine'', starring Matt Ryan; saying, "The reason that I was going to guest star on ''Constantine''...was onstantine'san expert when it comes to the Lazarus Pit, which is now something that is a part of and will continue to be a part of ''Arrow''." Amell stated that, even though ''Constantine'' was not renewed for a second season, a crossover "was and is still on the table". Guggenheim revealed a desire to integrate John Constantine into the Arrowverse, saying, "A lot of the pieces are in place, except for that one final piece, which is what's the fate of ''Constantine''? That's the tricky thing. But it comes up in the writers' room constantly—we have a number of ideas, one idea that's particularly exciting to me. We're in a little bit of a wait-and-see mode". In July 2015, Mericle added on the subject, "It's something we've been talking to DC about and it's just a question of some political things, but also yans schedule."

In August 2015, it was confirmed that Ryan would appear in ''Arrow''s fourth-season episode " Haunted" for a "one-time-only-deal". Guggenheim said, "This is something the fans were clamoring for," praising DC for being so "magnanimous and generous in giving us this one-time dispensation." Due to ''Arrow'' and ''Constantine'' sharing the same studio, the producers of ''Arrow'' were able to use Ryan's original outfits: "The trench coat, the tie, the shirt...the whole wardrobe is being taken out storage and shipped up to Vancouver here ''Arrow'' shoots" John Badham, a director on ''Constantine'', directed the episode that Constantine appears in. Mericle confirmed that this version of Constantine would be the same character that had appeared in ''Constantine''. On filming the episode, Guggenheim referred to it as "a ''Constantine''/''Arrow'' crossover" and felt that "we got the chance to extend Matt Ryan's run as Constantine by at least one more hour of television. I think you'll see he fits very neatly into our universe. It never feels forced".

In July 2017, Guggenheim indicated that "really good conversations" had taken place with Ryan to appear again in the Arrowverse, and in October 2017, it was revealed that Ryan would appear in two episodes of the third season of ''Legends of Tomorrow'', "Beebo the God of War" and "Daddy Darhkest", with the appearance taking place chronologically after "Haunted", revisiting the setting of ''Arrow''s fourth season and the events following that season's final episode. Klemmer described the tone of the episodes as "'' The Exorcist'' meets ''One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest''". Ryan was made a series regular for the fourth season of ''Legends of Tomorrow''.

Jesse Schedeen of IGN felt in October 2018 that none of the character's Arrowverse appearances thus far "really directly reference the events of the ''Constantine'' series, leaving it up in the air as to whether this John Constantine is the same character from that series or if Ryan is merely playing a different, very similar version of his character." In November 2018, Ryan spoke to the relationship between the character seen in the NBC series and the one seen on ''Legends of Tomorrow'' and in the Arrowverse. He said the two were the same character with "the same DNA", and likened each appearance to that of different comic book writers and artists working with the character: "He has the same outline, but he looks different. The hair is slightly different. He has a slightly different cadence sometimes. Different artists and different writers write him in different ways." Ryan also noted that while the fourth season of ''Legends of Tomorrow'' mentions the Astra storyline from the NBC series, it would not explore the Brujeria storyline, though Constantine "still carries that baggage around with him".

''Superman & Lois'' (2021–present)

Although initially conceived as a spin-off of ''Supergirl'' with many of the cast in the universe reprising their roles, the series' second season finale established it as set in an adjacent universe. Showrunner Todd Helbing explained his initial pilot script included multiple references to the Arrowverse, that were slowly removed. Once they were, it "became a can of worms" to try to tie into the universe, with Helbing discussing with DC during the first season that the series would instead be on an alternate earth, which he could not reveal publicly until the end of the second season, which concluded in June 2022. At that time he said, "I totally understand DC’s position... This wasn’t meant to alienate us from the Arrowverse, but because a lot of the other shows are sadly no longer going to be on the air, it felt like the right thing to do."

Marketing

In April 2015, to celebrate the season three finale of ''Arrow'' and season one finale of ''The Flash'', The CW released a short promo titled "Superhero Fight Club". The short features characters from ''Arrow'' and ''The Flash'' battling each other in a hero vs. villain showdown. Characters include The Arrow, Flash, Arsenal, Black Canary, Dark Archer, Reverse-Flash, Captain Cold, Heat Wave, Firestorm, Ra's al Ghul, and Atom in a cage match fight, with Black Canary and Arsenal vs. Dark Archer, Arrow vs. Ra's al Ghul, Flash vs. Captain Cold and Heat Wave, which is interrupted by Reverse-Flash, until Firestorm intervenes and the Atom makes an appearance at the end. In September 2016, The CW released the promo "Superhero Fight Club 2.0" to promote the start of the 2016–17 season with the addition of ''Supergirl'' to their lineup, as well as their new mobile app, where the promo could exclusively be viewed initially. The new Superhero Fight Club sees Green Arrow, Flash, Atom, Firestorm, White Canary, and Supergirl go up against a new fight simulator created by Cisco Ramon and Felicity Smoak, while John Diggle and Martian Manhunter observe. After defeating the simulator, Cisco releases Gorilla Grodd into the arena for the heroes to face. In January 2018, The CW released the promo "Suit Up", featuring the various heroes putting on their costumes in order to promote the return of ''Arrow'', ''The Flash'', ''Legends of Tomorrow'', and ''Supergirl'' from their first mid-season break, as well as the premiere of ''Black Lightning''.

Reception

Ratings

Critical response

Commentary

After the first ''Arrow''/''Flash'' crossover, Brian Lowry of '' Variety'' talked about the spin-off series and the crossover, applauding the producers for replicating the success of ''Arrow'' but with "a lighter tone" and "a hero with genuine super powers" in ''The Flash'', and calling the crossover an appropriate moment for everyone concerned to take a short but well-deserved victory lap." Lowry also said that the crossover "does a nifty job of bringing the two series together, although probably not in a manner likely to boost the shared audience between them much more than already exists." Meredith Borders at Birth.Movies.Death. called the crossover episodes "fun" and said positively that "too much happened that was unrelated to one show or the other – and that's a good thing. While the crossover episodes were definitely open to new viewers of either ''The Flash'' or ''Arrow'' (or both, presumably), with each episode wrapped up tidily by the end of its hour, plenty of show-specific plot stuff was advanced without spelling it out for newbies. New viewers to either show could follow along and have a good time, but veteran viewers were rewarded with major storyline motion."

Following the release of the first trailer for '' Supergirl'', Paul Tassi wrote for '' Forbes'' about why he felt that series should be kept separate from the Arrowverse: He called the moment in the ''Arrow'' third-season finale where Barry Allen appears briefly, but abruptly leaves since "''Arrow'' needs to let its own characters solve its problems", a "weird moment" that shows "the cracks hatform when it's just two shows that have to work together on the regular." Tassi then noted the further complications of adding ''Supergirl'', saying, "The more shows you have, the more heroes you introduce, the harder it is to keep explaining away why they're not constantly around to help each other. ''Supergirl'' already has that problem built-in with Superman, who it seems will not be a regular fixture on the show, and I'm sure there will be many excuses as to why he's too busy to help Supergirl fight her latest battle. Add in ''Arrow'', ''The Flash'' and ''Legends of Tomorrow'' mythology, and it's probably too much to juggle....I think ''Supergirl'' deserves to launch without ''Arrow'' and ''The Flash'' on its shoulders, and be allowed to find itself before being assimilated into an existing universe."

With the premiere of ''Legends of Tomorrow'', ScreenRant's Alice Walker discussed how the series "has hurt ''Arrow'' and ''The Flash''", noting that the latter required minimal setup when it was spun-off from the former and had an element of mystery surrounding its quality with "a "wait and see" attitude" from audiences, while ''Legends'' was instead met with much excitement long before its release leading to each piece of news concerning it being "publicized and met with fanfare – to the detriment of the other shows involved." Walker felt that audiences knowing which characters would appear in ''Legends'', and how, took "the thrill out of the story" of the other series as such information spoiled some of their upcoming plot twists, including the resurrection of Sara Lance or the fact that Ray Palmer "could never really pose a threat to Oliver ueenand Felicity moaks relationship, or run Palmer Technologies long term, since it was widely known that he would be a huge part of ''Legends''." Additionally, the annual ''Arrow''/''The Flash'' crossover suffered from also trying to set up ''Legends'', which was "too much to ask from the already crowded storylines and ended up feeling like an exercise in synchronicity, with producers planting more seeds than they could reap. The crossover event was no longer a fun way to contrast the two shows; it now had to serve the much larger purpose of setting up an entirely new world." Walker stated that the premiere of ''Legends'' "means that ''Arrow'' and ''The Flash'' can finally stop dedicating so much time and plot to laying the groundwork for the spin-off, and start focusing on the fundamentals of their own shows again."

After the conclusion of the "Elseworlds" crossover revealed that the next crossover would be an adaptation of the '' Crisis on Infinite Earths'' comic, Mike Cecchini of ''Den of Geek'' stated: "The Arrowverse is becoming the most intricate, risky live action superhero universe in history. Yes, it's at least as big and crazy (perhaps even moreso in some ways) than the Marvel Cinematic Universe, and we had best enjoy this while we have it, because it's unlikely we'll ever see this much crazy DC Comics love on screen in one place at one time ever again."

Other media

Comic books

Books

Novels

On February 23, 2016, Titan Books released '' Arrow: Vengeance'', a tie-in novel by Oscar Balderrama and Lauren Certo, which is set before and during Arrow's second season, which details the origins of Slade Wilson, Isabel Rochev, and Sebastian Blood, and how they would all eventually meet and collaborate with each other to battle Oliver Queen / The Arrow as seen in the TV series. On November 29, 2016, Titan released '' The Flash: The Haunting of Barry Allen'', a tie-in novel by Susan and Clay Griffith, which is set during The Flash's second season and Arrow's fourth season, which detailed that after he closed the temporal anomaly that nearly destroyed Central City, Barry an older version of himself, beaten, injured, and batter, but before he can speak, his doppelganger disappears. Barry then starts experiencing glitches in his powers, moments that leave him immobile and ghostly during missions. When a group of his worst villains, including Pied Piper, Weather Wizard, and Peek-a-Boo, decide to launch an assault on him, so Barry decides to seek help from his most trusted ally, Oliver Queen / Green Arrow. The story continues in '' Arrow: A Generation of Vipers'', by Susan and Clay Griffith, which was released by Titan on March 28, 2017, which detailed Team Flash and Team Arrow working together to eliminate the bizarre energy that threatens to kill the Flash. When their quest leads them to Markovia, they must get past an army of mercenaries and assassins to face the mysterious Count Wallenstein.

A fourth novel entitled '' Arrow: Fatal Legacies'' was released in January 2018. It is co-authored by ''Arrow'' executive producer Marc Guggenheim and James R. Tuck, and is set between the fifth-season finale and sixth-season premiere of ''Arrow''. A fifth novel, following ''The Flash'' villain Weather Wizard in his attempts at revenge, was released in May 2018. Written by Richard A. Knaak, the novel is titled '' The Flash: Climate Changeling''.

In May 2017, it was announced that Abrams Books would be releasing two trilogies of middle-grade novels for ''The Flash'' and ''Supergirl'', written by Barry Lyga and Jo Whittemore, respectively. The first of these novels, '' The Flash: Hocus Pocus'', was released on October 3, 2017. The novel takes place in an alternate timeline where the show's "Flashpoint" event never occurred, and The Flash must fight a villain known as Hocus Pocus who can control the minds and actions of people. A sequel, '' The Flash: Johnny Quick'' was released on April 3, 2018, as well as a third novel titled '' The Flash: The Tornado Twins'' released on October 2, 2018.

The second of these trilogies began in November 2017, with '' Supergirl: Age of Atlantis''. The novel features Supergirl dealing with a surge of new powered people in National City, as well as a mysterious humanoid sea creature captured by the DEO who is seemingly attracted by the new superpowered people. A sequel, '' Supergirl: Curse of the Ancients'', was released on May 1, 2018, with a third novel, titled '' Supergirl: Master of Illusion'', released on January 8, 2019.

In July 2017, a third trilogy titled ''Crossover Crisis'' was announced, focusing on crossovers between characters within the universe on this alternate earth. The series is again penned by Barry Lyga. The first novel, ''The Flash: Green Arrow's Perfect Shot'', was released on August 13, 2019 with the second ''The Flash: Supergirl's Sacrifice'' released on May 26, 2020. The final novel in the series, ''The Flash: Legends of Forever'', was published on March 23, 2021.

Guidebooks

The first guidebook to be released was '' Arrow: Heroes and Villains'' by Nick Aires and published by Titan Books, released in February 2015. Described as "a companion" to the series, the book features sections on the various characters of the series, along with descriptions, backgrounds, comic book origins, and "where they stand as of the end of the second season of 'Arrow.'"

A follow up to ''Heroes and Villains'' by the same author and publisher, titled '' Arrow: Oliver Queen's Dossier'', was released in October 2016, during the series' fifth season. The book is presented as information collected by the Green Arrow and Felicity Smoak over the course of his four years of activity. Included in the book are "handwritten notes" and "police reports" regarding the Green Arrow and those he targets.

In May 2018, Titan Books and Aires released a guidebook similar to ''Oliver Queen's Dossier'', but for its sister series, ''The Flash'', from the perspective of Cisco Ramon. '' S.T.A.R. Labs: Cisco Ramon's Journal'' features "his confidential journal entries, covering everything from his tech designs, the villains and other heroes the team encounter, the team's personal challenges and his own Vibe abilities prior to Flashpoint."

A second guidebook for ''The Flash'' was released in November 2018, this time published by Abrams Books. '' The Secret Files of Barry Allen: The Ultimate Guide to the Hit TV Show'' features the Flash's "top-secret notes", as well as "classified S.T.A.R. Labs dossiers on everyone in Central City", an episode guide on the first four seasons of the series, and details on the life of the Flash "in Barry's own words."

A similar guidebook for ''Supergirl'' was released in March 2019 from the same publisher. '' Supergirl: The Secret Files of Kara Danvers: The Ultimate Guide to the Hit TV Show'' features "detailed profiles on characters and super powers, a heroes and villains gallery, episode guide, and more" from the first three seasons of the series.

Promotional tie-ins

''Blood Rush''

On November 6, 2013, a six-episode series of shorts, titled ''Blood Rush'', premiered alongside the broadcast of ''Arrow'', as well as online. The series, which was presented by Bose, and features product placement for Bose products, was shot on location in Vancouver, similarly to the main show. The miniseries features Emily Bett Rickards, Colton Haynes and Paul Blackthorne reprising their roles of Felicity Smoak, Roy Harper and Quentin Lance, respectively. The episodes set during the course of the second season of the television series, show Roy coming to Queen Consolidated to have a meeting with Oliver. As he is out, Felicity tells Roy to go wait in the lobby. As Roy leaves, Officer Lance calls Felicity, telling her that the blood sample the Starling City police found on the vigilante, which Felicity destroyed, has resurfaced. Felicity then calls Roy, using Oliver's voice encoder, asking him to break into the lab to retrieve the sample. Felicity guides Roy through the lab, where he is able to recover the sample. As Roy is leaving, doctors enter the room, seemingly trapping him. He notifies Felicity, who then hacks into the building's PA system, and issues an evacuation notice, giving Roy a chance to escape. Roy gets out of the room before it enters into lock down, and is able to avoid two guards with the help of Felicity and exit the lab. Roy returns to Queen Consolidated, and Felicity offers to mail the acquired sample for Roy as he goes in to meet with Oliver.

''Chronicles of Cisco: Entry 0419''

On April 19, 2016, a four-episode series of shorts, titled ''Chronicles of Cisco'', premiered on AT&T. The series features Valdes and Britne Oldford reprising their roles as Cisco Ramon and Peek-a-Boo respectively. Set in the second season of the television series, the series sees Cisco attempting to make the Flash suit bulletproof and body-odor proof. While working on these, he receives a late-night Meta-Human Alert within S.T.A.R. Labs, and learns that Peek-a-Boo triggered the alert. She has come to S.T.A.R. Labs to make Cisco create a weapon for her, as he did for Golden Glider, Captain Cold, and Heat Wave. When he does not cooperate, she shoots him. Cisco survives being shot, realizing that the orange soda he spilled on his shirt was the missing catalyst to his bulletproof formula. Cisco tries to bring Peek-a-Boo back to the pipeline, but she locks him in the cell instead. Cisco is then seen being woken up due to a call from Barry. He believes he dreamt the whole experience, until he finds the bullet that shot him on the ground.

''Stretched Scenes''

On November 14, 2017, a three-episode series of shorts, known as "Stretched Scenes", premiered. The series, presented by Microsoft Surface, features Hartley Sawyer, Danielle Panabaker, and Candice Patton as Ralph Dibny, Cailtin Snow, and Iris West respectively. Set during the show's fourth season, it shows Dibny as he continually bothers Cailtin and Iris for their help, or for attention. The shorts premiered online as well as during the commercial breaks of the episodes " When Harry Met Harry...", " Therefore I Am", and " Don't Run".

Christmas special

The '' Legends of Tomorrow'' toy character Beebo, voiced by Benjamin Diskin, starred in his own animated Christmas special, titled ''Beebo Saves Christmas'' and aired on December 21, 2021. Narrated by Victor Garber (who portrays Martin Stein / Firestorm in the parent series), the special sees Diskin reprising his role, alongside Ernie Hudson as Santa Claus, Chris Kattan as a Christmas elf named Sprinkles, Kimiko Glenn as Tweebo, Yvette Nicole Brown as Turbo, and Keith Ferguson as Fleabo.

Notes

References

{{DC Comics TV

Mass media franchises introduced in 2012
DC Comics dimensions
DC Comics franchises
Television franchises