An array is a systematic arrangement of similar objects, usually in rows and columns.
Things called an array include:
{{TOC right
Music
* In
twelve-tone
The twelve-tone technique—also known as dodecaphony, twelve-tone serialism, and (in British usage) twelve-note composition—is a method of musical composition first devised by Austrian composer Josef Matthias Hauer, who published his "law o ...
and
serial composition, the presentation of simultaneous twelve-tone sets such that the sums of their horizontal segments form a succession of twelve-tone
aggregates
*
Array mbira
The Array mbira is a handcrafted modern musical instrument with a unique harp- or bell-like sound. It is made in the United States by its inventor Bill Wesley and manufactured by Wesley with Patrick Hadley in San Diego, California, United States. ...
, a musical instrument
*
Spiral array model
In music theory, the spiral array model is an extended type of pitch space. A mathematical model involving concentric helices (an "array of spirals"), it represents human perceptions of pitches, chords, and keys in the same geometric space. It wa ...
, a music pitch space
Science
Astronomy
A
telescope array
An astronomical interferometer or telescope array is a set of separate telescopes, mirror segments, or radio telescope antennas that work together as a single telescope to provide higher resolution images of astronomical objects such as stars, ne ...
, also called astronomical interferometer.
Biology
* Various kinds of multiple biological arrays called
microarray
A microarray is a multiplex lab-on-a-chip. Its purpose is to simultaneously detect the expression of thousands of genes from a sample (e.g. from a tissue). It is a two-dimensional array on a solid substrate—usually a glass slide or silicon t ...
s
* Visual feature array, a model for the visual cortex
Computer science
Generally, a collection of same type data items that can be selected by indices computed at run-time, including:
*
Array data structure
In computer science, an array is a data structure consisting of a collection of ''elements'' (values or variables), each identified by at least one ''array index'' or ''key''. An array is stored such that the position of each element can be co ...
, an arrangement of items at equally spaced addresses in computer memory
*
Array data type
In computer science, array is a data type that represents a collection of ''elements'' (value (computer science), values or variable (computer science), variables), each selected by one or more indices (identifying keys) that can be computed at R ...
, used in a programming language to specify a variable that can be indexed
*
Associative array
In computer science, an associative array, map, symbol table, or dictionary is an abstract data type that stores a collection of (key, value) pairs, such that each possible key appears at most once in the collection. In mathematical terms an as ...
, an abstract data structure model composed of key-value pairs, often implemented as a hash table or search tree
or various kinds of the above, such as:
*
Bit array
A bit array (also known as bitmask, bit map, bit set, bit string, or bit vector) is an array data structure that compactly stores bits. It can be used to implement a simple set data structure. A bit array is effective at exploiting bit-level p ...
or bit vector
*
Dynamic array
In computer science, a dynamic array, growable array, resizable array, dynamic table, mutable array, or array list is a random access, variable-size list data structure that allows elements to be added or removed. It is supplied with standard lib ...
, allocated at run time
*
Jagged array
In computer science, a jagged array, also known as a ragged array, irregular array is an array of arrays of which the member arrays can be of different lengths, producing rows of jagged edges when visualized as output. In contrast, two-dimensio ...
, a multidimensional array where the rows have different lengths individually
*
Parallel array In computing, a group of parallel arrays (also known as structure of arrays or SoA) is a form of implicit data structure that uses multiple arrays to represent a singular array of records. It keeps a separate, homogeneous data array for each field ...
of records, with each field stored as a separate array
*
Sparse array
Sparse is a computer software tool designed to find possible coding faults in the Linux kernel. Unlike other such tools, this static analysis tool was initially designed to only flag constructs that were likely to be of interest to kernel deve ...
, with most elements omitted, to store a sparse matrix
*
Variable-length array In computer programming, a variable-length array (VLA), also called variable-sized or runtime-sized, is an array data structure whose length is determined at run time (instead of at compile time).
In C, the VLA is said to have a variably modified ty ...
or various related concepts:
*
Array programming
In computer science, array programming refers to solutions which allow the application of operations to an entire set of values at once. Such solutions are commonly used in scientific and engineering settings.
Modern programming languages that s ...
, using matrix algebra notation in programs (not the same as array processing)
*
Array slicing
In computer programming, array slicing is an operation that extracts a subset of elements from an array and packages them as another array, possibly in a different dimension from the original.
Common examples of array slicing are extracting a su ...
, the extraction of sub-arrays of an array
or also:
*
Global Arrays
Global Arrays, or GA, is the library developed by scientists at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for parallel computing. GA provides a friendly API for shared-memory programming on distributed-memory computers for multidimensional arrays. T ...
, a library for parallel processing
*
Intel Array Visualizer
Intel Array Visualizer version 3.1 - is a scientific graphics software.
The software can read the data in a variety of formats, including scientific formats such as FITS and netCDF
NetCDF (Network Common Data Form) is a set of software librar ...
, a piece of scientific graphics software
Mathematics and statistics
* A
standard array In coding theory, a standard array (or Slepian array) is a q^ by q^ array that lists all elements of a particular \mathbb_q^n vector space. Standard arrays are used to decode linear codes; i.e. to find the corresponding codeword for any received vec ...
in coding theory
* An array or
matrix (mathematics)
In mathematics, a matrix (plural matrices) is a rectangular array or table of numbers, symbols, or expressions, arranged in rows and columns, which is used to represent a mathematical object or a property of such an object.
For example,
\begi ...
** a
Costas array
In mathematics, a Costas array can be regarded geometrically as a set of ''n'' points, each at the center of a square in an ''n''×''n'' square tiling such that each row or column contains only one point, and all of the ''n''(''n'' &minu ...
** a
Monge array
In mathematics applied to computer science, Monge arrays, or Monge matrices, are mathematical objects named for their discoverer, the French mathematician Gaspard Monge.
An ''m''-by-''n'' matrix is said to be a ''Monge array'' if, for all \scripts ...
* A
holor
Parry Hiram Moon (; February 14, 1898 – March 4, 1988) was an American electrical engineer who, with Domina Eberle Spencer, co-wrote eight scientific books and over 200 papers on subjects including electromagnetic field theory, color harmony, n ...
* In statistics, arrays are a name for some kinds of
:Experimental design
*
Intersection array
In the mathematical field of graph theory, a distance-regular graph is a regular graph such that for any two vertices and , the number of vertices at distance from and at distance from depends only upon , , and the distance between and .
...
a concept of category theory
Technology
Computing
*
Array data structure
In computer science, an array is a data structure consisting of a collection of ''elements'' (values or variables), each identified by at least one ''array index'' or ''key''. An array is stored such that the position of each element can be co ...
, an arrangement of data in computer memory
*
Asynchronous array of simple processors
Asynchrony is the state of not being in synchronization.
Asynchrony or asynchronous may refer to:
Electronics and computing
* Asynchrony (computer programming), the occurrence of events independent of the main program flow, and ways to deal with ...
*
Disk array
A disk array is a disk storage system which contains multiple disk drives. It is differentiated from a disk enclosure, in that an array has cache memory and advanced functionality, like RAID, deduplication, encryption and virtualization.
Compone ...
, such as the RAID
*
Gate array
A gate array is an approach to the design and manufacture of application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) using a prefabricated chip with components that are later interconnected into logic devices (e.g. NAND gates, flip-flops, etc.) according ...
, including a
field-programmable gate array
A field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is an integrated circuit designed to be configured by a customer or a designer after manufacturinghence the term '' field-programmable''. The FPGA configuration is generally specified using a hardware d ...
(FPGA)
*
ICL Distributed Array Processor
The Distributed Array Processor (DAP) produced by
International Computers Limited (ICL) was the world's first commercial
massively parallel computer. The original paper study was
complete in 1972 and building of the prototype began in 1974.
The fi ...
, an array processor for the ICL
* Integrated circuit packages:
**
Ball grid array
A ball grid array (BGA) is a type of surface-mount packaging (a chip carrier) used for integrated circuits. BGA packages are used to permanently mount devices such as microprocessors. A BGA can provide more interconnection pins than can be p ...
**
pin grid array
A pin grid array (PGA) is a type of integrated circuit packaging. In a PGA, the package is square or rectangular, and the pins are arranged in a regular array on the underside of the package. The pins are commonly spaced 2.54 mm (0.1") a ...
**
land grid array
The land grid array (LGA) is a type of surface-mount packaging for integrated circuits (ICs) that is notable for having the pins on the socket (when a socket is used) rather than the integrated circuit. An LGA can be electrically connected to a ...
*
Processor array
In computing, a process is the instance of a computer program that is being executed by one or many threads. There are many different process models, some of which are light weight, but almost all processes (even entire virtual machines) are ro ...
*
Programmable Array Logic
Programmable Array Logic (PAL) is a family of programmable logic device semiconductors used to implement logic functions in digital circuits introduced by Monolithic Memories, Inc. (MMI) in March 1978. Introductory advertisement on PAL (Progra ...
(PAL), a systematic way to implement boolean functions
*
Reconfigurable datapath array
The Xputer is a design for a reconfigurable computer, proposed by computer scientist Reiner Hartenstein. Hartenstein uses various terms to describe the various innovations in the design, including config-ware, flow-ware, morph-ware, and "anti-mach ...
, a flexible data processing architecture
*
Systolic array
In parallel computer architectures, a systolic array is a homogeneous network of tightly coupled data processing units (DPUs) called cells or nodes. Each node or DPU independently computes a partial result as a function of the data received from i ...
, a hardware architecture
*
Transistor array
Transistor arrays consist of two or more transistors on a common substrate. Unlike more highly integrated circuits, the transistors can be used individually like discrete transistors. That is, the transistors in the array are not connected to e ...
, an integrated circuit
*
Video Graphics Array
Video Graphics Array (VGA) is a video display controller and accompanying de facto graphics standard, first introduced with the IBM PS/2 line of computers in 1987, which became ubiquitous in the PC industry within three years. The term can now ...
(VGA), a display adapter and many variants thereof
*
Wi-Fi array
Cambium Networks is a wireless infrastructure provider that offers fixed wireless and Wi-Fi to broadband service providers and enterprises to provide Internet access. An American telecommunications infrastructure company, it provides wireless tec ...
, a wireless networking device
Other technologies
*
Antenna array
An antenna array (or array antenna) is a set of multiple connected antennas which work together as a single antenna, to transmit or receive radio waves. The individual antennas (called ''elements'') are usually connected to a single receiver ...
*
Array gain
In array antenna systems, array gain is the measure of the improvement in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) achieved by the array. It is calculated as the SNR of the array output signal divided by the SNR of the array input signal. Intuitively, the ar ...
, a telecommunications parameter
*
Array processing
Array processing is a wide area of research in the field of signal processing that extends from the simplest form of 1 dimensional line arrays to 2 and 3 dimensional array geometries. Array structure can be defined as a set of sensors that are sp ...
of multichannel signals (not to be confused with array programming)
*
Color filter array
In digital imaging, a color filter array (CFA), or color filter mosaic (CFM), is a mosaic of tiny color filters placed over the pixel sensors of an image sensor to capture color information.
The term is also used in reference to e paper devices ...
, placed over an imaging array
*
Field emitter array
A field emitter array (FEA) is a particular form of large-area field electron source. FEAs are prepared on a silicon substrate by lithographic techniques similar to those used in the fabrication of integrated circuits. Their structure consists of ...
, an electron source
*
Halbach array
A Halbach array is a special arrangement of permanent magnets that augments the magnetic field on one side of the array while cancelling the field to near zero on the other side. This is achieved by having a spatially rotating pattern of magn ...
, an arrangement of magnets
*
Linear diode array used in image scanners
*
Microphone array
A microphone array is any number of microphones operating in tandem. There are many applications:
* Systems for extracting voice input from ambient noise (notably telephones, speech recognition systems, hearing aids)
* Surround sound and relate ...
*
Parametric array A parametric array, in the field of acoustics, is a nonlinear transduction mechanism that generates narrow, nearly side lobe-free beams of low frequency sound, through the mixing and interaction of high frequency sound waves, effectively overcoming ...
of transducers
*
Phased-array optics
Phased-array optics is the technology of controlling the phase and amplitude of light waves transmitting, reflecting, or captured (received) by a two-dimensional surface using adjustable surface elements. An optical phased array (OPA) is the optica ...
*
Photovoltaic array
A photovoltaic system, also PV system or solar power system, is an electric power system designed to supply usable solar power by means of photovoltaics. It consists of an arrangement of several components, including solar panels to absorb and co ...
*
Staring array
A staring array, also known as staring-plane array or focal-plane array (FPA), is an image sensor consisting of an array (typically rectangular) of light-sensing pixels at the focal plane of a lens. FPAs are used most commonly for imaging purpos ...
, an imaging sensor
*
Towed array sonar
A towed array sonar is a system of hydrophones towed behind a submarine or a surface ship on a cable. Trailing the hydrophones behind the vessel, on a cable that can be kilometers long, keeps the array's sensors away from the ship's own noise sour ...
Other
* A
Commission of Array
A commission of array was a commission given by English sovereigns to officers or gentry in a given territory to muster and array the inhabitants and to see them in a condition for war, or to put soldiers of a country in a condition for military ...
, a commission for mustering a militia
*
ARRAY
An array is a systematic arrangement of similar objects, usually in rows and columns.
Things called an array include:
{{TOC right
Music
* In twelve-tone and serial composition, the presentation of simultaneous twelve-tone sets such that the ...
, an independent film distribution company
*
Array Networks
Array Networks is an American networking hardware company. It sells network traffic encryption tools.
Array Networks was founded in 2000 by Lawrence Lu and is based in Milpitas, California.Berndtson, Chad. (2011-03-24). "Array Networks Looks To B ...
, a computer networking company
*
Array Collective
Array Collective is the alias of 11 Belfast-based artists and activists. In 2021 they became the first Northern Irish winners of the Turner Prize.
Work
Array Collective are known for projects that support "gay rights, marriage equality, feminis ...
, a Belfast-based artist-activist collaborative project