Events
Pre-1600
*
1500 – Portuguese navigator
Pedro Álvares Cabral
Pedro Álvares Cabral ( or ; born Pedro Álvares de Gouveia; c. 1467 or 1468 – c. 1520) was a Portuguese nobleman, military commander, navigator and explorer regarded as the European discoverer of Brazil. He was the first human in ...
lands in
Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...
.
*
1519 – Spanish
conquistador
Conquistadors (, ) or conquistadores (, ; meaning 'conquerors') were the explorer-soldiers of the Spanish and Portuguese Empires of the 15th and 16th centuries. During the Age of Discovery, conquistadors sailed beyond Europe to the Americas, O ...
Hernán Cortés
Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro Altamirano, 1st Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca (; ; 1485 – December 2, 1547) was a Spanish ''conquistador'' who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of w ...
establishes a settlement at
Veracruz
Veracruz (), formally Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave (), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave), is one of the 31 states which, along with Me ...
, Mexico.
*
1529 –
Treaty of Zaragoza
The Treaty of Zaragoza, also called the Capitulation of Zaragoza (alternatively spelled Saragossa) was a peace treaty between Castile and Portugal, signed on 22 April 1529 by King John III of Portugal and the Castilian emperor Charles V, in the ...
divides the eastern hemisphere between Spain and Portugal along a line 297.5 leagues () east of the
Moluccas
The Maluku Islands (; Indonesian: ''Kepulauan Maluku'') or the Moluccas () are an archipelago in the east of Indonesia. Tectonically they are located on the Halmahera Plate within the Molucca Sea Collision Zone. Geographically they are located ...
.
1601–1900
*
1809 – The second day of the
Battle of Eckmühl
The Battle of Eckmühl, fought on 22 April 1809, was the turning point of the 1809 Campaign, also known as the War of the Fifth Coalition. Napoleon I had been unprepared for the start of hostilities on 10 April 1809, by the Austrians under th ...
: The
Austrian
Austrian may refer to:
* Austrians, someone from Austria or of Austrian descent
** Someone who is considered an Austrian citizen, see Austrian nationality law
* Austrian German dialect
* Something associated with the country Austria, for example: ...
army is defeated by the
First French Empire
The First French Empire, officially the French Republic, then the French Empire (; Latin: ) after 1809, also known as Napoleonic France, was the empire ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte, who established French hegemony over much of continental Eu ...
army led by
Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...
and driven over the
Danube
The Danube ( ; ) is a river that was once a long-standing frontier of the Roman Empire and today connects 10 European countries, running through their territories or being a border. Originating in Germany, the Danube flows southeast for , p ...
in
Regensburg.
*
1836 –
Texas Revolution: A day after the
Battle of San Jacinto
The Battle of San Jacinto ( es, Batalla de San Jacinto), fought on April 21, 1836, in present-day La Porte and Pasadena, Texas, was the final and decisive battle of the Texas Revolution. Led by General Samuel Houston, the Texan Army engage ...
, forces under
Texas
Texas (, ; Spanish language, Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2 ...
General
Sam Houston identify Mexican General
Antonio López de Santa Anna
Antonio de Padua María Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón (; 21 February 1794 – 21 June 1876),Callcott, Wilfred H., "Santa Anna, Antonio Lopez De,''Handbook of Texas Online'' Retrieved 18 April 2017. usually known as Santa Ann ...
among the captives of the battle when some of his fellow soldiers mistakenly give away his identity.
*
1864 – The
U.S. Congress
The United States Congress is the legislature of the federal government of the United States. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, and an upper body, the Senate. It meets in the U.S. Capitol in Washin ...
passes the
Coinage Act of 1864
The Coinage Act of 1864 was a United States federal law passed on April 22, 1864, which changed the composition of the one-cent coin and authorized the minting of the two-cent coin. The Director of the U.S. Mint developed the designs for thes ...
that permitted the inscription ''In God We Trust'' be placed on all coins minted as
United States currency
The United States dollar (symbol: $; code: USD; also abbreviated US$ or U.S. Dollar, to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies; referred to as the dollar, U.S. dollar, American dollar, or colloquially buck) is the official ...
.
*
1876 – The first
National League
The National League of Professional Baseball Clubs, known simply as the National League (NL), is the older of two leagues constituting Major League Baseball (MLB) in the United States and Canada, and the world's oldest extant professional team s ...
baseball game is played at the
Jefferson Street Grounds in Philadelphia.
*
1889 – At noon, thousands rush to claim land in the
Land Rush of 1889
The Oklahoma Land Rush of 1889 was the first land run into the Unassigned Lands of former Indian Territory, which had earlier been assigned to the Creek and Seminole peoples. The area that was opened to settlement included all or part of Canad ...
. Within hours the cities of
Oklahoma City
Oklahoma City (), officially the City of Oklahoma City, and often shortened to OKC, is the capital and largest city of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The county seat of Oklahoma County, it ranks 20th among United States cities in population, a ...
and
Guthrie are formed with populations of at least 10,000.
*
1898 –
Spanish–American War
, partof = the Philippine Revolution, the decolonization of the Americas, and the Cuban War of Independence
, image = Collage infobox for Spanish-American War.jpg
, image_size = 300px
, caption = (clock ...
: President
William McKinley
William McKinley (January 29, 1843September 14, 1901) was the 25th president of the United States, serving from 1897 until his assassination in 1901. As a politician he led a realignment that made his Republican Party largely dominant in ...
calls for 125,000 volunteers to join the
National Guard
National Guard is the name used by a wide variety of current and historical uniformed organizations in different countries. The original National Guard was formed during the French Revolution around a cadre of defectors from the French Guards.
Nat ...
and fight in
Cuba
Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbea ...
, while
Congress
A congress is a formal meeting of the representatives of different countries, constituent states, organizations, trade unions, political parties, or other groups. The term originated in Late Middle English to denote an encounter (meeting of ...
more than doubles
regular Army
A regular army is the official army of a state or country (the official armed forces), contrasting with irregular forces, such as volunteer irregular militias, private armies, mercenaries, etc. A regular army usually has the following:
* a standin ...
forces to 65,000.
1901–present
*
1906 – The
1906 Intercalated Games
The 1906 Intercalated Games or 1906 Olympic Games was an international multi-sport event that was celebrated in Athens, Greece. They were at the time considered to be Olympic Games and were referred to as the "Second International Olympic Games i ...
open in
Athens
Athens ( ; el, Αθήνα, Athína ; grc, Ἀθῆναι, Athênai (pl.) ) is both the capital and largest city of Greece. With a population close to four million, it is also the seventh largest city in the European Union. Athens dominates ...
.
*
1915 – World War I: The use of
poison gas in World War I
The use of toxic chemicals as weapons dates back thousands of years, but the first large scale use of chemical weapons was during World War I. They were primarily used to demoralize, injure, and kill entrenched defenders, against whom the indisc ...
escalates when
chlorine gas
Chlorine is a chemical element with the Symbol (chemistry), symbol Cl and atomic number 17. The second-lightest of the halogens, it appears between fluorine and bromine in the periodic table and its properties are mostly intermediate betwee ...
is released as a
chemical weapon
A chemical weapon (CW) is a specialized munition that uses chemicals formulated to inflict death or harm on humans. According to the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), this can be any chemical compound intended as a ...
in the
Second Battle of Ypres
During the First World War, the Second Battle of Ypres was fought from for control of the tactically important high ground to the east and south of the Flemish town of Ypres in western Belgium. The First Battle of Ypres had been fought the pr ...
.
*
1930 – The United Kingdom, Japan and the United States sign the
London Naval Treaty regulating
submarine
A submarine (or sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater. It differs from a submersible, which has more limited underwater capability. The term is also sometimes used historically or colloquially to refer to remotely op ...
warfare and limiting
shipbuilding
Shipbuilding is the construction of ships and other floating vessels. It normally takes place in a specialized facility known as a shipyard. Shipbuilders, also called shipwrights, follow a specialized occupation that traces its roots to befo ...
.
*
1944 – The
1st Air Commando Group using
Sikorsky R-4
The Sikorsky R-4 is a two-seat helicopter that was designed by Igor Sikorsky with a single, three-bladed main rotor and powered by a radial engine. The R-4 was the world's first large-scale mass-produced helicopter and the first helicopter used by ...
helicopters stage the first use of helicopters in
combat with
combat search and rescue operations in the
China Burma India Theater.
* 1944 –
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
:
Operation Persecution
Persecution is the systematic mistreatment of an individual or group by another individual or group. The most common forms are religious persecution, racism, and political persecution, though there is naturally some overlap between these term ...
is initiated:
Allied
An alliance is a relationship among people, groups, or states that have joined together for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose, whether or not explicit agreement has been worked out among them. Members of an alliance are called ...
forces land in the
Hollandia (currently known as Jayapura) area of
New Guinea
New Guinea (; Hiri Motu
Hiri Motu, also known as Police Motu, Pidgin Motu, or just Hiri, is a language of Papua New Guinea, which is spoken in surrounding areas of Port Moresby (Capital of Papua New Guinea).
It is a simplified version of ...
.
* 1944 – World War II: In
Greenland
Greenland ( kl, Kalaallit Nunaat, ; da, Grønland, ) is an island country in North America that is part of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is located between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Greenland is t ...
, the Allied Sledge Patrol attack the German ''Bassgeiger''
weather station
A weather station is a facility, either on land or sea, with instruments and equipment for measuring atmospheric conditions to provide information for weather forecasts and to study the weather and climate. The measurements taken include tempera ...
.
*
1945 – World War II: Prisoners at the
Jasenovac concentration camp
Jasenovac () was a concentration and extermination camp established in the village of the same name by the authorities of the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) in occupied Yugoslavia during World War II. The concentration camp, one of the ...
revolt. Five hundred twenty are killed and around eighty escape.
* 1945 – World War II:
Sachsenhausen concentration camp
Sachsenhausen () or Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg was a German Nazi concentration camp in Oranienburg, Germany, used from 1936 until April 1945, shortly before the defeat of Nazi Germany in May later that year. It mainly held political prisoner ...
is liberated by soldiers of the
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, after ...
and
Polish First Army
Polish may refer to:
* Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe
* Polish language
* Poles, people from Poland or of Polish descent
* Polish chicken
*Polish brothers (Mark Polish and Michael Polish, born 1970), American twin screenwr ...
.
*
1948 –
Arab–Israeli War: The port city of
Haifa
Haifa ( he, חֵיפָה ' ; ar, حَيْفَا ') is the third-largest city in Israel—after Jerusalem and Tel Aviv—with a population of in . The city of Haifa forms part of the Haifa metropolitan area, the third-most populous metropol ...
is
captured by Jewish forces.
*
1951 –
Korean War
, date = {{Ubl, 25 June 1950 – 27 July 1953 (''de facto'')({{Age in years, months, weeks and days, month1=6, day1=25, year1=1950, month2=7, day2=27, year2=1953), 25 June 1950 – present (''de jure'')({{Age in years, months, weeks a ...
: The Chinese
People's Volunteer Army begin assaulting positions defended by the
Royal Australian Regiment
The Royal Australian Regiment (RAR) is the parent administrative regiment for regular infantry battalions of the Australian Army and is the senior infantry regiment of the Royal Australian Infantry Corps. It was originally formed in 1948 as a t ...
and the
Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry at the
Battle of Kapyong.
*
1954 –
Red Scare: Witnesses begin testifying and live television coverage of the
Army–McCarthy hearings begins.
*
1969 – British yachtsman Sir
Robin Knox-Johnston
Sir William Robert Patrick Knox-Johnston (born 17 March 1939) is a British sailor. In 1969, he became the first person to perform a single-handed non-stop circumnavigation of the globe. Along with Sir Peter Blake, he won the second Jules Ve ...
wins the
''Sunday Times'' Golden Globe Race and completes the first solo non-stop circumnavigation of the world.
* 1969 – The formation of the
Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) is announced at a mass rally in Calcutta.
*
1970 – The first
Earth Day is celebrated.
*
1974 –
Pan Am Flight 812
Pan Am Flight 812 (PA812), operated by a Pan American World Airways Boeing 707-321B registered N446PA and named ''Clipper Climax'', was a scheduled international flight from Hong Kong to Los Angeles, California, with intermediate stops at Denpas ...
crashes on approach to
Ngurah Rai International Airport
I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport ( id, Bandar Udara Internasional I Gusti Ngurah Rai) , is the main airport in Bali, located 13 km south of Denpasar. Ngurah Rai is the second busiest airport in Indonesia after Soekarno–Hatta I ...
in
Denpasar
Denpasar (; Balinese: ᬤᬾᬦ᭄ᬧᬲᬃ) is the capital of Bali and the main gateway to the island. The city is also a hub for other cities in the Lesser Sunda Islands.
With the rapid growth of the tourism industry in Bali, Denpasar has e ...
,
Bali
Bali () is a province of Indonesia and the westernmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands. East of Java and west of Lombok, the province includes the island of Bali and a few smaller neighbouring islands, notably Nusa Penida, Nusa Lembongan, and Nu ...
,
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
, killing all 107 people on board.
*
1977 –
Optical fiber
An optical fiber, or optical fibre in Commonwealth English, is a flexible, transparent fiber made by drawing glass ( silica) or plastic to a diameter slightly thicker than that of a human hair. Optical fibers are used most often as a mea ...
is first used to carry live telephone traffic.
*
1992 – A series of
gas explosion
A gas explosion is an explosion resulting from mixing a gas, typically from a gas leak, with air in the presence of an ignition source. In household accidents, the principal explosive gases are those used for heating or cooking purposes such as n ...
s
rip through the streets in
Guadalajara
Guadalajara ( , ) is a metropolis in western Mexico and the capital of the list of states of Mexico, state of Jalisco. According to the 2020 census, the city has a population of 1,385,629 people, making it the 7th largest city by population in Me ...
, Mexico, killing 206.
*
1993 – Eighteen-year-old
Stephen Lawrence
Stephen or Steven is a common English first name. It is particularly significant to Christians, as it belonged to Saint Stephen ( grc-gre, Στέφανος ), an early disciple and deacon who, according to the Book of Acts, was stoned to death; ...
is murdered in a racially motivated attack while waiting for a bus in
Well Hall
Well Hall is a place to the north of Eltham in the Royal Borough of Greenwich in southeast London, England, with no present formal boundaries and located east-southeast of Charing Cross.[Eltham
Eltham ( ) is a district of southeast London, England, within the Royal Borough of Greenwich. It is east-southeast of Charing Cross, and is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London. The three wards of E ...]
.
*
2005 – Japan's Prime Minister
Junichiro Koizumi
Junichiro Koizumi (; , ''Koizumi Jun'ichirō'' ; born 8 January 1942) is a former Japanese politician who was Prime Minister of Japan and President of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) from 2001 to 2006. He retired from politics in 2009. He is ...
apologizes for Japan's war record.
*
2016 – The
Paris Agreement is signed, an agreement to help fight global warming.
*
2020 – Four police officers are
killed after being struck by a truck on the
Eastern Freeway in
Melbourne
Melbourne ( ; Boonwurrung/Woiwurrung: ''Narrm'' or ''Naarm'') is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-most populous city in both Australia and Oceania. Its name generally refers to a met ...
while speaking to a speeding driver, marking the largest loss of police lives in
Victoria Police
Victoria Police is the primary law enforcement agency of the Australian state of Victoria. It was formed in 1853 and currently operates under the ''Victoria Police Act 2013''.
, Victoria Police had over 22,300 staff, comprising over 16,700 ...
history.
Births
Pre-1600
*
1412 –
Reinhard III, Count of Hanau
Count Reinhard III of Hanau (22 April 1412 – 20 April 1452 in Heidelberg) was Count of Hanau from 1451 until his death. He was the son of Count Reinhard II of Hanau and his wife, Catherine of Nassau-Beilstein.
Reign
In 1434, when his fat ...
(1451–1452) (d. 1452)
*
1444
Year 1444 ( MCDXLIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. It is one of eight years (CE) to contain each Roman numeral once (1000(M)+(-100(C)+500(D))+(-10(X)+50(L))+(-1(I)+5(V)) = 1444. ...
–
Elizabeth of York, Duchess of Suffolk
Elizabeth of York, Duchess of Suffolk also known as Elizabeth Plantagenet (22 April 1444 – c. 1503) was the sixth child and third daughter of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York (a great-grandson of King Edward III) and Cecily Neville.Halst ...
(d. 1503)
*
1451 –
Isabella I of Castile
Isabella I ( es, Isabel I; 22 April 1451 – 26 November 1504), also called Isabella the Catholic (Spanish: ''la Católica''), was Queen of Castile from 1474 until her death in 1504, as well as List of Aragonese royal consorts, Queen consort ...
(d. 1504)
*
1518 –
Antoine of Navarre
Antoine de Bourbon, roi de Navarre (22 April 1518 – 17 November 1562) was the King of Navarre through his marriage ('' jure uxoris'') to Queen Jeanne III, from 1555 until his death. He was the first monarch of the House of Bourbon, of which he ...
(d. 1562)
*
1592 –
Wilhelm Schickard
Wilhelm Schickard (22 April 1592 – 24 October 1635) was a German professor of Hebrew and astronomy who became famous in the second part of the 20th century after Franz Hammer, a biographer (along with Max Caspar) of Johannes Kepler, claim ...
, German astronomer and mathematician (d. 1635)
1601–1900
*
1610 –
Pope Alexander VIII
Pope Alexander VIII ( it, Alessandro VIII; 22 April 1610 – 1 February 1691), born Pietro Vito Ottoboni, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 6 October 1689 to his death in February 1691. He is to date the las ...
(d. 1691)
*
1658 –
Giuseppe Torelli
Giuseppe Torelli (22 April 1658 – 8 February 1709) was an Italian violist, violinist, teacher, and composer of the middle Baroque era.
Torelli is most remembered for contributing to the development of the instrumental concerto., especially co ...
, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1709)
*
1690 –
John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville
John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville, 7th Seigneur of Sark, (; 22 April 16902 January 1763), commonly known by his earlier title Lord Carteret, was a British statesman and Lord President of the Council from 1751 to 1763; he worked extremely close ...
, English politician,
Lord President of the Council (d. 1763)
*
1707 –
Henry Fielding
Henry Fielding (22 April 1707 – 8 October 1754) was an English novelist, irony writer, and dramatist known for earthy humour and satire. His comic novel ''Tom Jones'' is still widely appreciated. He and Samuel Richardson are seen as founders ...
, English novelist and playwright (d. 1754)
*
1711
In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Tuesday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.
Events
January–March
* January – Cary's Rebellion: The Lords Proprietor appoint Edward ...
–
Paul II Anton, Prince Esterházy
hu, II. Pál Antal
, title = Prince Esterházy of Galántha
, image = Paul II. Anton Książę Esterházy.jpg
, caption =
, reign = 6 June 1721 – 18 March 1762
, reign-type = Period
, coronation = ...
, Austrian soldier (d. 1762)
*
1724 –
Immanuel Kant
Immanuel Kant (, , ; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers. Born in Königsberg, Kant's comprehensive and systematic works in epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and ...
, German anthropologist, philosopher, and academic (d. 1804)
*
1732 –
John Johnson, English architect and surveyor (d. 1814)
*
1744
Events
January–March
* January 6 – The Royal Navy ship ''Bacchus'' engages the Spanish Navy privateer ''Begona'', and sinks it; 90 of the 120 Spanish sailors die, but 30 of the crew are rescued.
* January 24 – The Dag ...
–
James Sullivan, American lawyer and politician, 7th
Governor of Massachusetts
The governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is the chief executive officer of the government of Massachusetts. The governor is the head of the state cabinet and the commander-in-chief of the commonwealth's military forces.
Massachuset ...
(d. 1808)
*
1766 –
Germaine de Staël
Anne Louise Germaine de Staël-Holstein (; ; 22 April 176614 July 1817), commonly known as Madame de Staël (), was a French woman of letters and political theorist, the daughter of banker and French finance minister Jacques Necker and Suzan ...
, French author and political philosopher (d. 1817)
*
1812
Events
January–March
* January 1 – The ''Allgemeines bürgerliches Gesetzbuch'' (the Austrian civil code) enters into force in the Austrian Empire.
* January 19 – Peninsular War: The French-held fortress of Ciudad Rodrigo Siege of ...
–
Solomon Caesar Malan
Solomon Caesar Malan (22 April 1812 – 25 November 1894) D.D., Vicar of Broadwindsor, Prebendary of Sarum, was a British divine, polyglot and well known orientalist whose fluency in language was legendary: English, French, Sanskrit, Arabic, ...
, Swiss-English orientalist (d. 1894)
*
1816 –
Charles-Denis Bourbaki
Charles Denis Sauter Bourbaki (22 April 1816, Pau – 22 September 1897, Bayonne) was a French general.
Career
Bourbaki was born at Pau, the son of Greek colonel Constantin Denis Bourbaki, who died in the War of Independence in 1827. He wa ...
, French general (d. 1897)
*
1830 –
Emily Davies
Sarah Emily Davies (22 April 1830 – 13 July 1921) was an English feminist and suffragist, and a pioneering campaigner for women's rights to university access. She is remembered above all as a co-founder and an early Mistress of Girton Coll ...
, British suffragist and educator, co-founder and an early Mistress of
Girton College, Cambridge
Girton College is one of the 31 constituent colleges of the University of Cambridge. The college was established in 1869 by Emily Davies and Barbara Bodichon as the first women's college in Cambridge. In 1948, it was granted full college status ...
University
*
1832 –
Julius Sterling Morton
Julius Sterling Morton (April 22, 1832 – April 27, 1902) was a Nebraska newspaper editor and politician who served as President Grover Cleveland's Secretary of Agriculture. He was a prominent Bourbon Democrat, taking a conservative position o ...
, American journalist and politician, 3rd
United States Secretary of Agriculture
The United States secretary of agriculture is the head of the United States Department of Agriculture. The position carries similar responsibilities to those of agriculture ministers in other governments.
The department includes several organi ...
(d. 1902)
*
1844 –
Lewis Powell, American soldier, attempted assassin of
William H. Seward
William Henry Seward (May 16, 1801 – October 10, 1872) was an American politician who served as United States Secretary of State from 1861 to 1869, and earlier served as governor of New York and as a United States Senator. A determined oppon ...
(d. 1865)
*
1852 –
William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
William IV (Guillaume Alexander; ''French: Guillaume Alexandre''; 22 April 1852 – 25 February 1912) reigned as the Grand Duke of Luxembourg from 17 November 1905 until his death. He succeeded his father, Adolphe.
William was a Protestant, the ...
(d. 1912)
*
1854 –
Henri La Fontaine
Henri La Fontaine (; 22 April 1854 – 14 May 1943), was a Belgian international lawyer and president of the International Peace Bureau. He received the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1913 because "he was the effective leader of the peace movement in ...
, Belgian lawyer and author,
Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
laureate (d. 1943)
*
1858 –
Ethel Smyth
Dame Ethel Mary Smyth (; 22 April 18588 May 1944) was an English composer and a member of the women's suffrage movement. Her compositions include songs, works for piano, chamber music, orchestral works, choral works and operas.
Smyth tended t ...
, English composer (d. 1944)
* 1858 –
Fritz Mayer van den Bergh, Belgian art collector and art historian (d. 1901)
*
1870 –
Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov. ( 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin,. was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 19 ...
, Russian revolutionary and founder of
Soviet Russia
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR or RSFSR ( rus, Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, Rossíyskaya Sovétskaya Federatívnaya Soci ...
(d. 1924)
*
1872 –
Princess Margaret of Prussia English: Margaret Beatrice Feodora
, house = Hohenzollern
, father = Frederick III, German Emperor
, mother = Victoria, Princess Royal
, birth_date =
, birth_place = New Palace, Potsdam, Prussia, German Empire
, d ...
(d. 1954)
*
1873 –
Ellen Glasgow
Ellen Anderson Gholson Glasgow (April 22, 1873 – November 21, 1945) was an American novelist who won the Pulitzer Prize for the Novel in 1942 for her novel ''In This Our Life''. She published 20 novels, as well as short stories, to critical ac ...
, American author (d. 1945)
*
1874 –
Wu Peifu
Wu Peifu or Wu P'ei-fu (; April 22, 1874 – December 4, 1939) was a major figure in the struggles between the warlords who dominated Republican China from 1916 to 1927.
Early career
Born in Shandong Province in eastern China, Wu initi ...
, Chinese warlord, politician, and marshal of the
Beiyang Army
The Beiyang Army (), named after the Beiyang region,Hong Zhang (2019)"Yuan Shikai and the Significance of his Troop Training at Xiaozhan, Tianjin, 1895–1899" ''The Chinese Historical Review'' 26(1) was a large, Western-style Imperial Chinese Ar ...
(d. 1939)
*
1876 –
Róbert Bárány, Austrian-Swedish otologist and physician,
Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
laureate (d. 1936)
* 1876 –
Georg Lurich
Georg Lurich ( – 20 January 1920) was an Estonian Greco-Roman wrestler and strongman of the early 20th century. Lurich was also the trainer of Estonian wrestlers and weightlifters Georg Hackenschmidt and Aleksander Aberg.
Early life
Born Geo ...
, Estonian wrestler and strongman (d. 1920)
*
1879 –
Bernhard Gregory
Bernhard Gregory ( in Tallinn – 2 February 1939 in Berlin) was a Baltic Germans, Baltic German chess master.
Life
Bernhard Gregory was born on in Tallinn, Reval, Governorate of Estonia, Russian Empire (now Tallinn, Estonia) as a son of advocat ...
, Estonian-German chess player (d. 1939)
*
1884 –
Otto Rank
Otto Rank (; ; né Rosenfeld; 22 April 1884 – 31 October 1939) was an Austrian psychoanalyst, writer, and philosopher. Born in Vienna, he was one of Sigmund Freud's closest colleagues for 20 years, a prolific writer on psychoanalytic themes, ...
, Austrian-American psychologist and academic (d. 1939)
*
1886 –
Izidor Cankar
Izidor Cankar (22 April 1886 – 22 September 1958) was a Slovenian author, art historian, diplomat, journalist, translator, and liberal conservative politician. He was one of the most important Slovenian art historians of the first part of the ...
, Slovenian historian, author, and diplomat (d. 1958)
*
1887 –
Harald Bohr
Harald August Bohr (22 April 1887 – 22 January 1951) was a Danish mathematician and footballer. After receiving his doctorate in 1910, Bohr became an eminent mathematician, founding the field of almost periodic functions. His brother was the ...
, Danish mathematician and footballer (d. 1951)
*
1889 –
Richard Glücks, German
SS officer (d. 1945)
*
1891 –
Laura Gilpin
Laura Gilpin (April 22, 1891 – November 30, 1979) was an American photographer.
Gilpin is known for her photographs of Native Americans, particularly the Navajo and Pueblo, and Southwestern landscapes. Gilpin began taking photographs as a ch ...
, American photographer (d. 1979)
* 1891 –
Vittorio Jano
Vittorio Jano ( hu, János Viktor; 22 April 1891 – 13 March 1965) was an Italians, Italian automobile designer of Hungarian people, Hungarian descent from the 1920s through 1960s.
Jano was born ''Viktor János'' in San Giorgio Canavese, in ...
, Italian engineer (d. 1965)
* 1891 –
Harold Jeffreys
Sir Harold Jeffreys, FRS (22 April 1891 – 18 March 1989) was a British mathematician, statistician, geophysicist, and astronomer. His book, ''Theory of Probability'', which was first published in 1939, played an important role in the revival ...
, English mathematician, geophysicist, and astronomer (d. 1989)
* 1891 –
Nicola Sacco
Nicola Sacco (; April 22, 1891 – August 23, 1927) and Bartolomeo Vanzetti (; June 11, 1888 – August 23, 1927) were Italian immigrant anarchists who were controversially accused of murdering Alessandro Berardelli and Frederick Parmenter, a ...
, Italian-American anarchist (d. 1927)
*
1892 –
Vernon Johns
Dr. Vernon Johns (April 22, 1892 – June 11, 1965) was an American minister based in the South and a pioneer in the civil rights movement. He is best known as the pastor (1947–52) of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama. He ...
, African-American minister and activist (d. 1965)
*
1899 –
Vladimir Nabokov
Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov (russian: link=no, Владимир Владимирович Набоков ; 2 July 1977), also known by the pen name Vladimir Sirin (), was a Russian-American novelist, poet, translator, and entomologist. Bo ...
, Russian-born novelist and critic (d. 1977)
*
1900 –
Nellie Beer, British politician, Lord Mayor of
Manchester
Manchester () is a city in Greater Manchester, England. It had a population of 552,000 in 2021. It is bordered by the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east, and the neighbouring city of Salford to the west. The t ...
from 1966 to 1967 (d. 1988)
1901–present
*
1904 –
J. Robert Oppenheimer
J. Robert Oppenheimer (; April 22, 1904 – February 18, 1967) was an American theoretical physicist. A professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley, Oppenheimer was the wartime head of the Los Alamos Laboratory and is oft ...
, American physicist and academic (d. 1967)
*
1905 –
Robert Choquette, American-Canadian author, poet, and diplomat (d. 1991)
*
1906 –
Eric Fenby
Eric William Fenby OBE (22 April 190618 February 1997) was an English composer, conductor, pianist, organist and teacher who is best known for being Frederick Delius's amanuensis from 1928 to 1934. He helped Delius realise a number of works t ...
, English composer and educator (d. 1997)
* 1906 –
Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten
Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten (Gustaf Adolf Oscar Fredrik Arthur Edmund; 22 April 1906 – 26 January 1947) was a Swedish prince, who for most of his life was second in the line of succession to the Swedish throne. He was the eldest ...
(d. 1947)
*
1909 –
Rita Levi-Montalcini
Rita Levi-Montalcini (, ; 22 April 1909 – 30 December 2012) was an Italian Nobel laureate, honored for her work in neurobiology. She was awarded the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with colleague Stanley Cohen for th ...
, Italian neurologist and academic,
Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
laureate (d. 2012)
* 1909 –
Indro Montanelli
Indro Alessandro Raffaello Schizogene Montanelli (; 22 April 1909 – 22 July 2001) was an Italian journalist, historian and writer. He was one of the fifty World Press Freedom Heroes according to the International Press Institute.
A volunte ...
, Italian journalist and historian (d. 2001)
* 1909 –
Spyros Markezinis
Spyridon "Spyros" Markezinis (or Markesinis; ; 22 April 1909 – 4 January 2000) was a Greek politician, longtime member of the Hellenic Parliament, and briefly the Prime Minister of Greece during the aborted attempt at metapolitefsi (democ ...
, Greek politician,
Prime Minister of Greece (d. 2000)
*
1910 –
Norman Steenrod
Norman Earl Steenrod (April 22, 1910October 14, 1971) was an American mathematician most widely known for his contributions to the field of algebraic topology.
Life
He was born in Dayton, Ohio, and educated at Miami University and University of ...
, American mathematician and academic (d. 1971)
*
1912 –
Kathleen Ferrier
Kathleen Mary Ferrier, CBE (22 April 19128 October 1953) was an English contralto singer who achieved an international reputation as a stage, concert and recording artist, with a repertoire extending from folksong and popular ballads to the c ...
, English operatic singer (d. 1953)
* 1912 –
Kaneto Shindo
was a Japanese film director, screenwriter, film producer, and writer, who directed 48 films and wrote scripts for 238. His best known films as a director include '' Children of Hiroshima'', '' The Naked Island'', '' Onibaba'', '' Kuroneko'' an ...
, Japanese director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2012)
*
1914 –
Baldev Raj Chopra
Baldev Raj Chopra (22 April 1914 – 5 November 2008) was a famous Indian director and producer of Bollywood industry and television series . Best known for directing Hindi films like ''Naya Daur'' (1957), '' Sadhna'' (1958), ''Kanoon'' (1961) ...
, Indian director and producer (d. 2008)
* 1914 –
Jan de Hartog
Jan de Hartog (April 22, 1914 – September 22, 2002) was a Dutch playwright, novelist and occasional social critic who moved to the United States in the early 1960s and became a Quaker.
Biography
Early years
Jan de Hartog was born to a Dut ...
, Dutch-American author and playwright (d. 2002)
* 1914 –
José Quiñones Gonzales
José Abelardo Quiñones Gonzáles (April 22, 1914 – July 23, 1941) was a Peruvian military aviator and posthumously became a national hero for his actions at the Battle of Zarumilla during the Ecuadorian–Peruvian War of 1941.
Early life
Qui ...
, Peruvian soldier and pilot (d. 1941)
* 1914 –
Michael Wittmann
Michael Wittmann (22 April 19148 August 1944) was a German Waffen-SS tank commander during the Second World War. He is known for his ambush of elements of the British 7th Armored Division during the Battle of Villers-Bocage on 13 June 1944. Whi ...
, German
SS officer (d. 1944)
*
1916 –
Hanfried Lenz
Hanfried Lenz (22 April 1916 in Munich1 June 2013 in Berlin) was a German mathematician, who is mainly known for his work in geometry and combinatorics.
Hanfried Lenz was the eldest son of Fritz Lenz an influential German geneticist, who is ass ...
, German mathematician and academic (d. 2013)
* 1916 –
Yehudi Menuhin
Yehudi or Jehudi (Hebrew: יהודי, endonym for Jew) is a common Hebrew name:
* Yehudi Menuhin (1916–1999), violinist and conductor
** Yehudi Menuhin School, a music school in Surrey, England
** Who's Yehoodi?, a catchphrase referring to t ...
, American-Swiss violinist and conductor (d. 1999)
*
1917 –
Yvette Chauviré
Yvette Chauviré (; 22 April 1917 – 19 October 2016) was a French prima ballerina and actress. She is often described as France's greatest ballerina, and was the coach of prima ballerinas Sylvie Guillem and Marie-Claude Pietragalla. She was awa ...
, French ballerina (d. 2016)
* 1917 –
Sidney Nolan, Australian painter (d. 1992)
*
1918 –
William Jay Smith
William Jay Smith (April 22, 1918 – August 18, 2015) was an American poet. He was appointed the nineteenth Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress from 1968 to 1970.
Life
William Jay Smith was born in Winnfield, Loui ...
, American poet and academic (d. 2015)
* 1918 –
Mickey Vernon
James Barton "Mickey" Vernon (April 22, 1918 – September 24, 2008) was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) first baseman who played for the Washington Senators (1939–1948, 1950–1955), Cleveland Indians (1949–1950, 1958), Boston Red ...
, American baseball player and coach (d. 2008)
*
1919 –
Donald J. Cram
Donald James Cram (April 22, 1919 – June 17, 2001) was an American chemist who shared the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Jean-Marie Lehn and Charles J. Pedersen "for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific inter ...
, American chemist and academic,
Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
laureate (d. 2001)
* 1919 –
Carl Lindner, Jr.
Carl Henry Lindner Jr. (April 22, 1919 – October 17, 2011) was an American businessman from Norwood, Ohio, a member of the Lindner family, and one of the world's richest people. According to the 2006 issue of ''Forbes''s 400 list, Lindner was r ...
, American businessman and philanthropist (d. 2011)
*
1922 –
Richard Diebenkorn
Richard Diebenkorn (April 22, 1922 – March 30, 1993) was an American painter and printmaker. His early work is associated with abstract expressionism and the Bay Area Figurative Movement of the 1950s and 1960s. In the late 1960s he bega ...
, American soldier and painter (d. 1993)
* 1922 –
Charles Mingus, American bassist, composer, and bandleader (d. 1979)
* 1922 –
Wolf V. Vishniac, American microbiologist and academic (d. 1973)
*
1923 –
Peter Kane Dufault, American soldier, pilot, and poet (d. 2013)
* 1923 –
Bettie Page
Bettie Mae Page (April 22, 1923 – December 11, 2008) was an American model who gained notoriety in the 1950s for her pin-up photos. , American model and actress (d. 2008)
* 1923 –
Aaron Spelling, American actor, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2006)
*
1924 –
Nam Duck-woo, South Korean politician, 12th
Prime Minister of South Korea
The prime minister of the Republic of Korea (PMOTROK or PMOSK; ) is the deputy head of government and the second highest political office of South Korea who is appointed by the President of the Republic of Korea, with the National Assembly's app ...
(d. 2013)
*
1926 –
Charlotte Rae
Charlotte Rae Lubotsky (April 22, 1926 – August 5, 2018) was an American character actress and singer whose career spanned six decades.
Rae was known for her portrayal of Edna Garrett in the sitcoms ''Diff'rent Strokes'' and its spin-off, '' ...
, American actress and singer (d. 2018)
* 1926 –
James Stirling, Scottish architect, designed the
Staatsgalerie Stuttgart
The Staatsgalerie Stuttgart (, "State Gallery") is an art museum in Stuttgart, Germany, it opened in 1843. In 1984, the opening of the Neue Staatsgalerie (''New State Gallery'') designed by James Stirling transformed the once provincial gallery ...
and
Seeley Historical Library
The Seeley Historical Library is the history library of the University of Cambridge, England. It is housed within the History Faculty building on the Sidgwick Site off West Road, Cambridge. Since October 2003, incoming books have been classifie ...
(d. 1992)
*
1927 –
Laurel Aitken
Lorenzo "Laurel" Aitken (22 April 1927 – 17 July 2005) was an influential Caribbean singer and one of the pioneers of Jamaican ska music. He is often referred to as the "Godfather of Ska".
Career
Born in Cuba of mixed Cuban and Jamaican desc ...
, Cuban-Jamaican singer (d. 2005)
*
1928 –
Estelle Harris
Estelle Harris (''née'' Nussbaum; April 22, 1928 – April 2, 2022) was an American actress and comedienne, known for her exaggerated shrill, grating voice. She was best known for her role as Estelle Costanza on ''Seinfeld''. Her other roles i ...
, American actress and comedian (d. 2022)
*
1929 –
Michael Atiyah
Sir Michael Francis Atiyah (; 22 April 1929 – 11 January 2019) was a British-Lebanese mathematician specialising in geometry. His contributions include the Atiyah–Singer index theorem and co-founding topological K-theory. He was awarded th ...
, English-Lebanese mathematician and academic (d. 2019)
* 1929 –
Robert Wade-Gery
Sir Robert Wade-Gery (22 April 1929 – 16 February 2015) was a British diplomat who was High Commissioner to India 1982–87.
Biography
Wade-Gery was born in Oxford on 22 April 1929. His father, Theodore Wade-Gery was an ancient historian and f ...
, English diplomat,
British High Commissioner to India
Countries belonging to the Commonwealth of Nations exchange High Commissioner (Commonwealth), High Commissioners rather than Ambassadors. Though there are a few technical differences (for instance, whereas Ambassadors present their credential# ...
(d. 2015)
*
1930 –
Enno Penno, Estonian politician,
Prime Minister of Estonia in exile
The Estonian government-in-exile was the formally declared governmental authority of the Republic of Estonia in exile, existing from 1944 until the reestablishment of Estonian sovereignty over Estonian territory in 1991 and 1992. It traced its ...
(d. 2016)
*
1931 –
John Buchanan, Canadian lawyer and politician, 20th
Premier of Nova Scotia (d. 2019)
* 1931 –
Ronald Hynd
Ronald Hynd (born 22 April 1931) is an English choreographer, and in his youth was a ballet dancer.
In the Royal Ballet in the late 1940s he began to dance with Annette Page, whom he later married. Page died on 4 December 2017. They have a daugh ...
, English dancer and choreographer
*
1933 –
Anthony Llewellyn
John Anthony Llewellyn (22 April 1933 – 2 July 2013), was a Welsh-born American scientist and a former NASA astronaut candidate.
Biography
Llewellyn was born 22 April 1933, in Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom, and graduated from Cardiff High Sc ...
, Welsh-American chemist and astronaut (d. 2013)
*
1935 –
Christopher Ball
Christopher Ball (7 July 1936 – 7 April 2022) was a British composer, arranger, conductor, clarinetist and recorder player.
Early life and education
Ball was born in Leeds in 1936. His father had trained in piano tuning and his mother was a ...
, English linguist and academic
* 1935 –
Paul Chambers
Paul Laurence Dunbar Chambers Jr. (April 22, 1935 – January 4, 1969) was an American jazz double bassist. A fixture of rhythm sections during the 1950s and 1960s, he has become one of the most widely-known jazz bassists of the hard bop era. ...
, African-American bassist and composer (d. 1969)
* 1935 –
Bhama Srinivasan, Indian-American mathematician and academic
*
1936 –
Glen Campbell
Glen Travis Campbell (April 22, 1936 – August 8, 2017) was an American guitarist, singer, songwriter, actor and television host. He was best known for a series of hit songs in the 1960s and 1970s, and for hosting '' The Glen Campbell Good ...
, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor (d. 2017)
* 1936 –
Pierre Hétu
Pierre Hétu (April 22, 1936 in Montreal – December 3, 1998 in Montreal) was a conductor and pianist. He studied music from 1955–57 at the Conservatoire de musique du Québec à Montréal with Germaine Malépart (piano) and at the ...
, Canadian pianist and conductor (d. 1998)
*
1937 –
Jack Nicholson
John Joseph Nicholson (born April 22, 1937) is an American retired actor and filmmaker. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest actors of all time. In many of his films, he played rebels against the social structure. He received numerous ...
, American actor and producer
* 1937 –
Jack Nitzsche
Bernard Alfred "Jack" Nitzsche ( '; April 22, 1937 – August 25, 2000) was an American musician, arranger, songwriter, composer, and record producer. He first came to prominence in the early 1960s as the right-hand-man of producer Phil Spec ...
, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and conductor (d. 2000)
*
1938 –
Alan Bond, English-Australian businessman (d. 2015)
* 1938 –
Gani Fawehinmi
Chief Abdul-Ganiyu "Gani" Oyesola Fawehinmi, , (22 April 1938 – 5 September 2009) was a Nigerian author, publisher, philanthropist, social critic, human and civil rights lawyer, and politician.
He held the chieftaincy title of the Lamofi ...
, Nigerian lawyer and activist (d. 2009)
* 1938 –
Issey Miyake
was a Japanese fashion designer. He was known for his technology-driven clothing designs, exhibitions and fragrances, such as '' L'eau d'Issey'', which became his best-known product.
Life and career
Miyake was born on 22 April 1938 in Hiroshi ...
, Japanese fashion designer (d. 2022)
* 1938 –
Adam Raphael
Adam Eliot Geoffrey Raphael (born 22 April 1938) is an English journalist and author. In the British Press Awards of 1973, he was named Journalist of the Year for his work on labour conditions in South Africa, and he has also been a presenter of ...
, English journalist and author
*
1939 –
Mel Carter
Mel Carter (born April 22, 1939, Cincinnati, Ohio) is an American singer and actor. He is best known for his 1965 million-selling recording, "Hold Me, Thrill Me, Kiss Me".
Biography
At age 16 Carter studied singing with vocalist Little Jimmy Sc ...
, American singer and actor
* 1939 –
John Foley, English general and politician,
Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey
The Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey is the representative of the British monarch in the Bailiwick of Guernsey, a Crown dependency of the British Crown. The role of the Lieutenant Governor is to act as the ''de facto'' head of state in Guernsey ...
* 1939 –
Ray Guy
William Ray Guy (December 22, 1949 – November 3, 2022) was an American professional football player who was a punter for the Oakland / Los Angeles Raiders of the National Football League (NFL). Guy was a first-team All-American selecti ...
, Canadian journalist and author (d. 2013)
* 1939 –
Jason Miller, American actor and playwright (d. 2001)
* 1939 –
Theodor Waigel
Theodor Waigel (born 22 April 1939) is a German politician of the Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CSU). He represented Neu-Ulm in the Bundestag from 1976 to 2002.
Waigel is a lawyer, and earned a doctorate in 1967. He was a member of the Bu ...
, German lawyer and politician,
German Federal Minister of Finance
*
1941
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January–August – 10,072 men, women and children with mental and physical disabilities are asphyxiated with carbon monoxide in a gas chamber, at Hadamar Eu ...
–
Greville Howard, Baron Howard of Rising
Greville Patrick Charles Howard, Baron Howard of Rising (born 22 April 1941) is a British Conservative politician and, before the 2010 general election, was variously an Opposition Whip and Shadow Minister for Cabinet Office, for Treasury and fo ...
, English politician
*
1942 –
Giorgio Agamben, Italian philosopher and academic
* 1942 –
Mary Prior
Alice Mary Prior (born 22 April 1942) served as Lord Lieutenant of Bristol from 2007 to 2017. She is currently the Pro-chancellor of University of Bristol and a trustee of the environmental fund Viridor Credits.
Until her retirement in 1997 s ...
, English politician,
Lord Lieutenant of Bristol
This is a list of Lord-Lieutenants of the County and City of Bristol.
The position of Lord-Lieutenant of Bristol was created on 1 April 1996, when the county of Avon was abolished. Before then, the city was part of the Avon lieutenancy between ...
*
1943 –
Keith Crisco, American businessman and politician (d. 2014)
* 1943 –
Janet Evanovich
Janet Evanovich (née Schneider; April 22, 1943) is an American writer. She began her career writing short contemporary romance novels under the pen name Steffie Hall, but gained fame authoring a series of contemporary mysteries featuring Step ...
, American author
* 1943 –
Louise Glück
Louise Elisabeth Glück ( ; born April 22, 1943) is an American poet and essayist. She won the 2020 Nobel Prize in Literature, whose judges praised "her unmistakable poetic voice that with austere beauty makes individual existence universal". H ...
, American poet
* 1943 –
John Maples, Baron Maples, English lawyer and politician,
Shadow Secretary of State for Defence
The Shadow Secretary of State for Defence is a member of the UK Shadow Cabinet responsible for the scrutiny of the Secretary of State for Defence and the department, the Ministry of Defence. The post is currently held by John Healey.
Shadow S ...
(d. 2012)
* 1943 –
Scott W. Williams
Scott Williams (born April 22, 1943, in Staten Island, New York) is a professor of mathematics at the University at Buffalo, SUNY. He was recognized by Mathematically Gifted & Black as a Black History Month 2017 Honoree.
Education
Raised in Ba ...
, American mathematician and professor
*
1944 –
Steve Fossett
James Stephen Fossett (April 22, 1944 – September 3, 2007) was an American businessman and a record-setting aviator, sailor, and adventurer. He was the first person to fly solo nonstop around the world in a balloon and in a fixed-wing aircraf ...
, American businessman, pilot, and sailor (d. 2007)
* 1944 –
Doug Jarrett
Douglas William Jarrett (April 22, 1944 – February 10, 2014) was a Canadian ice hockey defenceman, who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Chicago Black Hawks and New York Rangers.
After his playing career, Jarrett periodically ...
, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2014)
* 1944 –
Joshua Rifkin
Joshua Rifkin (born April 22, 1944 in New York) is an American conductor, pianist, and musicologist; he is currently a professor of music at Boston University. As a performer he has recorded music by composers from Antoine Busnois to Silvestr ...
, American conductor and musicologist
*
1945 –
Gopalkrishna Gandhi
Gopalkrishna Devadas Gandhi (born 22 April 1945) is a former administrator and diplomat who served as the 22nd Governor of West Bengal serving from 2004 to 2009. He is the grandson of Mahatma Gandhi and C. Rajagopalachari (Rajaji). As a former ...
, Indian civil servant and politician, 22nd
Governor of West Bengal
The Governor of West Bengal is the nominal head of state of the Indian state of West Bengal and a representative of the President of India. The governor is appointed by the president for a term of five years. His official residence is the Raj ...
* 1945 –
Demetrio Stratos
Efstratios Dimitriou ( el, Ευστράτιος Δημητρίου; 22 April 1945 – 13 June 1979), known professionally as Demetrio Stratos, was a Greek lyricist, multi-instrumentalist, music researcher, and co-founder, frontman and lead singe ...
, Egyptian-Italian singer-songwriter (d. 1979)
*
1946 –
Steven L. Bennett, American captain and pilot,
Medal of Honor
The Medal of Honor (MOH) is the United States Armed Forces' highest military decoration and is awarded to recognize American soldiers, sailors, marines, airmen, guardians and coast guardsmen who have distinguished themselves by acts of valo ...
recipient (d. 1972)
* 1946 –
Paul Davies
Paul Charles William Davies (born 22 April 1946) is an English physicist, writer and broadcaster, a professor in Arizona State University and Director of BEYOND: Center for Fundamental Concepts in Science. He is affiliated with the Institute ...
, English physicist and author
* 1946 –
Louise Harel
Louise Harel (born April 22, 1946) is a Quebec politician. In 2005 she served as interim leader of the Parti Québécois following the resignation of Bernard Landry. She was also interim leader of the opposition in the National Assembly of Qu ...
, Canadian lawyer and politician
* 1946 –
Archy Kirkwood, Baron Kirkwood of Kirkhope
Archibald Johnstone Kirkwood, Baron Kirkwood of Kirkhope, (born 22 April 1946) is a British Liberal Democrat politician.
Education
Kirkwood was educated at Cranhill Secondary School in Cranhill, Glasgow and studied pharmacy at Heriot-Watt Uni ...
, Scottish lawyer and politician
* 1946 –
Nicholas Stern, Baron Stern of Brentford
Nicholas Herbert Stern, Baron Stern of Brentford, (born 22 April 1946 in Hammersmith) is a British economist, banker, and academic. He is the IG Patel Professor of Economics and Government and Chair of the Grantham Research Institute on Cl ...
, English economist and academic
* 1946 –
John Waters
John Samuel Waters Jr. (born April 22, 1946) is an American filmmaker, writer, actor, and artist. He rose to fame in the early 1970s for his transgressive cult films, including '' Multiple Maniacs'' (1970), '' Pink Flamingos'' (1972) and '' Fe ...
, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
*
1948 –
John Pritchard, English bishop
*
1949 –
Spencer Haywood
Spencer Haywood (born April 22, 1949) is an American former professional basketball player and Olympic gold medalist. Haywood is a member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, being inducted in 2015.
High school career
In 1964, Hayw ...
, American basketball player
*
1950 –
Peter Frampton, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
* 1950 –
Jancis Robinson, English journalist and critic
*
1951 –
Aivars Kalējs
Aivars Kalējs (April 22, 1951, Riga, Latvian SSR) is a Latvian composer, organist and pianist.
Career
Aivars Kalējs has written more than 100 opuses of symphonic, organ, piano, chamber and choir music. His works have won several compositi ...
, Latvian organist, composer, and pianist
* 1951 –
Ana María Shua
Ana María Shua (born 1951) is an Argentine writer. She is particularly well known for her work in microfiction.
Shua has published over eighty books in numerous genres including novels, short stories, microfiction, poetry, drama, children's lit ...
, Argentinian author and poet
*
1957 –
Donald Tusk
Donald Franciszek Tusk ( , ; born 22 April 1957) is a Polish politician who was President of the European Council from 2014 to 2019. He served as the 14th Prime Minister of Poland from 2007 to 2014 and was a co-founder and leader of the Civic ...
, Polish journalist and politician, 14th
Prime Minister of Poland
The President of the Council of Ministers ( pl, Prezes Rady Ministrów, lit=Chairman of the Council of Ministers), colloquially referred to as the prime minister (), is the head of the cabinet and the head of government of Poland. The responsibi ...
*
1960 –
Mart Laar
Mart Laar (born 22 April 1960) is an Estonian politician and historian. He served as the Prime Minister of Estonia from 1992 to 1994 and from 1999 to 2002. Laar is credited with having helped bring about Estonia's rapid economic development dur ...
, Estonian historian and politician, 9th
Prime Minister of Estonia
The Prime Minister of Estonia ( Estonian: ''peaminister'') is the head of government of the Republic of Estonia. The prime minister is nominated by the president after appropriate consultations with the parliamentary factions and confirmed by ...
*
1961 –
Alo Mattiisen
Alo Mattiisen (22 April 1961 – 30 May 1996) was an Estonian musician and composer.
One of the most famous melodies that he composed was a patriotic song titled "No land is alone", with lyrics written by the Estonian poet Jüri Leesment. Sev ...
, Estonian composer (d. 1996)
*
1962 –
Jeff Minter
Jeff Minter (born 22 April 1962) is an independent English video game designer and programmer who often goes by the name Yak. He is the founder of software house Llamasoft and has created dozens of games during his career, which began in 19 ...
, British video game designer and programmer
* 1962 –
Danièle Sauvageau, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
*
1963 –
Rosalind Gill, English sociologist and academic
*
1966 –
Mickey Morandini
Michael Robert "Mickey" Morandini (born April 22, 1966), is an American former professional baseball second baseman and coach, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Philadelphia Phillies, Chicago Cubs, and Toronto Blue Jays. His car ...
, American baseball player and manager
*
1967 –
David J. C. MacKay
Professor Sir David John Cameron MacKay (22 April 1967 – 14 April 2016) was a British physicist, mathematician, and academic. He was the Regius Professor of Engineering in the Department of Engineering at the University of Cambridge and f ...
, English physicist, engineer, and academic (d. 2016)
*
1970 –
Regine Velasquez
Regina Encarnacion Ansong Velasquez ( ; born April 22, 1970) is a Filipina singer, actress, and record producer. She is considered one of the most influential figures in Philippine popular culture and is known for her vocal range and beltin ...
, Filipino singer and actress
*
1976
Events January
* January 3 – The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enters into force.
* January 5 – The Pol Pot regime proclaims a new constitution for Democratic Kampuchea.
* January 11 – The 1976 Phila ...
–
Dan Cloutier
Daniel Cloutier (born April 22, 1976) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. In his 10-year National Hockey League (NHL) career, Cloutier played with the New York Rangers, Tampa Bay Lightning, Vancouver Canucks and Los Angeles K ...
, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
*
1978 –
Paul Malakwen Kosgei
Paul Malakwen Kosgei (born 22 April 1978, in Marakwet) is a Kenyan long-distance and marathon runner. He first came to prominence in athletics by taking the World Junior Record of 3000m steeple in 1997, and later with consecutive medals at the ...
, Kenyan runner and coach
*
1979 –
Zoltán Gera
Zoltán Gera (; born 22 April 1979) is a Hungarian former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder. He played for Fulham, Pécsi Mecsek and Harkány SE, as well as enjoying two spells at Ferencváros and West Bromwich Alb ...
, Hungarian international footballer and manager
* 1979 –
Daniel Johns
Daniel Paul Johns (born 22 April 1979) is an Australian musician, singer, and songwriter best known as the former frontman, guitarist, and main songwriter of the rock band Silverchair. Johns is also one half of The Dissociatives with Paul Mac ...
, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist
*
1980 –
Quincy Timberlake, Kenyan-Australian activist, engineer, and politician
*
1982 –
Kaká, Brazilian footballer
*
1983 –
Sam W. Heads, English-American entomologist and palaeontologist
* 1983 –
Shkëlzen Shala
Shkëlzen Shala (born 22 April 1983) is an Albanian entrepreneur, gastronome and veganism activist based in Pristina, Kosovo.
Early life
Shkëlzen Shala was born on 22 April 1983 in Pristina, Kosovo to Ismet and Drita. His granddad was a well- ...
, Albanian entrepreneur and veganism activist
*
1990
File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of Humankind, humanity on Earth, Astroph ...
–
Machine Gun Kelly
George Kelly Barnes (July 18, 1895 – July 18, 1954), better known by his pseudonym "Machine Gun Kelly", was an American gangster from Memphis, Tennessee, active during the Prohibition era. His nickname came from his favorite weapon, a Thom ...
, American rapper, singer, songwriter, actor
*
1991 –
Danni Wyatt
Danielle Nicole Wyatt (born 22 April 1991) is an English cricketer who plays for Sussex, Southern Vipers, Southern Brave and England. She plays as an all-rounder, batting right-handed and bowling right-arm off break. She made her England debut ...
, English cricketer
Deaths
Pre-1600
*
296
__NOTOC__
Year 296 ( CCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Diocletian and Constantius (or, less frequent ...
– Pope Caius
* 536 – Pope Agapetus I
* 591 – Peter III of Raqqa
* 613 – Saint Theodore of Sykeon
* 835 – Kūkai, Japanese Buddhist monk, founder of Shingon, Esoteric (Shingon) Buddhism (b. 774)
* 846 – Emperor Wuzong of Tang, Wuzong, Chinese emperor (b. 814)
*1208 – Philip of Poitou, Prince-Bishop of Durham
*1322 – Francis of Fabriano, Italian writer (b. 1251)
*1355 – Eleanor of Woodstock, countess regent of Guelders, eldest daughter of King Edward II of England (b. 1318)
*1585 – Henry of Saxe-Lauenburg, Prince-Archbishop of Bremen, Prince-Bishop of Osnabrück and Paderborn (b. 1550)
1601–1900
*1616 – Miguel de Cervantes, Spanish novelist, poet, and playwright (b. 1547)
*1672 – Georg Stiernhielm, Swedish linguist and poet (b. 1598)
*1699 – Hans Erasmus Aßmann, German poet (b. 1646)
*1758 – Antoine de Jussieu, French botanist and physician (b. 1686)
*1778 – James Hargreaves, British inventor (b. 1720)
*1806 – Pierre-Charles Villeneuve, French admiral (b. 1763)
*1821 – Gregory V of Constantinople, Greek patriarch and saint (b. 1746)
*1833 – Richard Trevithick, English engineer and explorer (b. 1771)
*1850 – Friedrich Robert Faehlmann, Estonian philologist and physician (b. 1798)
*
1854 – Nicolás Bravo, Mexican general and politician, 11th President of Mexico (b. 1786)
*1871 – Martín Carrera, Mexican general and president (1855) (b. 1806)
*1877 – James P. Kirkwood, Scottish-American engineer (b. 1807)
*
1892 – Édouard Lalo, French violinist and composer (b. 1823)
*1893 – Chaim Aronson, Lithuanian businessman and author (b. 1825)
*1894 – Kostas Krystallis, Greek author and poet (b. 1868)
*1896 – Thomas Meik, English engineer, founded Halcrow Group (b. 1812)
1901–present
*1908 – Henry Campbell-Bannerman, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1836)
*1925 – André Caplet, French composer and conductor (b. 1878)
*
1929 – Henry Lerolle, French painter and art collector (b. 1848)
*1932 – Ferenc Oslay, Hungarian-Slovene historian and author (b. 1883)
*
1933 – Henry Royce, English engineer and businessman, co-founded Rolls-Royce Limited (b. 1863)
*
1945 – Wilhelm Cauer, German mathematician and academic (b. 1900)
* 1945 – Käthe Kollwitz, German painter and sculptor (b. 1867)
*
1950 – Charles Hamilton Houston, American lawyer and academic (b. 1895)
*
1951 – Horace Donisthorpe, English myrmecologist and coleopterist (b. 1870)
*
1978 – Will Geer, American actor (b. 1902)
*
1980 – Jane Froman, American actress and singer (b. 1907)
* 1980 – Fritz Strassmann, German chemist and physicist (b. 1902)
*
1983 – Earl Hines, American pianist and bandleader (b. 1903)
*1984 – Ansel Adams, American photographer and environmentalist (b. 1902)
*1985 – Paul Hugh Emmett, American chemist and academic (b. 1900)
* 1985 – Jacques Ferron, Canadian physician and author (b. 1921)
*1986 – Mircea Eliade, Romanian historian and author (b. 1907)
*1987 – Erika Nõva, Estonian architect (b. 1905)
*1988 – Grigori Kuzmin, Russian-Estonian astronomer and academic (b. 1917)
* 1988 – Irene Rich, American actress (b. 1891)
*1989 – Emilio G. Segrè, Italian-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1905)
*
1990
File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of Humankind, humanity on Earth, Astroph ...
– Albert Salmi, American actor (b. 1928)
*1994 – Richard Nixon, 37th President of the United States (b. 1913)
*1995 – Jane Kenyon, American poet and author (b. 1947)
*1996 – Erma Bombeck, American journalist and author (b. 1927)
* 1996 – Jug McSpaden, American golfer and architect (b. 1908)
*1999 – Munir Ahmad Khan, Pakistani nuclear engineer (b. 1926)
*2003 – Felice Bryant, American songwriter (b. 1925)
*
2005 – Erika Fuchs, German translator (b. 1906)
* 2005 – Philip Morrison, American physicist and academic (b. 1915)
* 2005 – Eduardo Paolozzi, Scottish sculptor and artist (b. 1924)
*2006 – Henriette Avram, American computer scientist and academic (b. 1919)
* 2006 – Alida Valli, Italian actress (b. 1921)
*2007 – Juanita Millender-McDonald, American educator and politician (b. 1938)
*2009 – Jack Cardiff, British cinematographer, director and photographer (b. 1914)
*2010 – Richard Barrett (lawyer), Richard Barrett, American lawyer and activist (b. 1943)
*2012 – George Rathmann, American chemist, biologist, and businessman (b. 1927)
*2013 – Richie Havens, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1941)
* 2013 – Lalgudi Jayaraman, Indian violinist and composer (b. 1930)
* 2013 – Robert Suderburg, American pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1936)
*2014 – Oswaldo Vigas, Venezuelan painter (b. 1926)
*2015 – Dick Balharry, Scottish environmentalist and photographer (b. 1937)
*2017 – Donna Williams, Donna Leanne Williams, Australian writer, artist, and activist (b. 1963)
*
2020 – Shirley Knight, American actress (b. 1936)
*2021 – Adrian Garrett, American professional baseball player (b. 1943)
*2022 – Guy Lafleur, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1951)
Holidays and observances
* Christian Calendar of saints, feast day:
**Acepsimas of Hnaita and companions (Catholic Church)
**Arwald
**Epipodius and Alexander
**Hudson Stuck (Episcopal Church (United States), Episcopal Church)
**John Muir (Episcopal Church (United States), Episcopal Church)
**Opportuna of Montreuil
**Pope Caius
**Pope Soter
**St Senorina
**April 22 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
*Fighter Aviation Day (Brazil)
*Discovery Day (Brazil)
*
Earth Day (International observance) and its related observance: International Mother Earth Day
*Holocaust Remembrance Day (Serbia)
*From 2018 onwards, a national day of commemoration for the murdered teenager Stephen Lawrence (United Kingdom)
References
External links
BBC: On This Day*
Historical Events on April 22
{{months
Days of the year
April