Antony () is a commune in the southern suburbs of

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...

, France, from the centre of Paris. Antony is a subprefecture of the

Hauts-de-Seine Hauts-de-Seine (; ) is a Departments of France, département in the Île-de-France Regions of France, region, Northern France. It covers Paris's western inner Banlieue, suburbs. It is bordered by Paris, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne to the e ...

department Department may refer to: * Departmentalization, division of a larger organization into parts with specific responsibility Government and military *Department (administrative division), a geographical and administrative division within a country, ...

and the seat of the

arrondissement of Antony The arrondissement of Antony is an arrondissement of France in the Hauts-de-Seine department in the Île-de-France region. It has 11 communes. Its population is 403,229 (2019), and its area is . Composition The communes of the arrondissement of ...

. Watered by the Bièvre, a tributary of the

Seine ) , mouth_location = Le Havre/Honfleur , mouth_coordinates = , mouth_elevation = , progression = , river_system = Seine basin , basin_size = , tributaries_left = Yonne, Loing, Eure, Risle , tributarie ...

, Antony is at the crossroads of important transport routes, especially the main north–south axis, which has existed for 2,000 years. Little urbanized until the early 20th century, the city grew considerably between the two wars, under Senator-

Mayor In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilities of a mayor as well a ...

Auguste Mounié, from 4,000 to 20,000 inhabitants. In the early 1960s the population quickly increased from 25,000 to 50,000 to accommodate repatriated people from

Algeria ) , image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Algiers , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , relig ...

. Now incorporated in the Paris Metropolitan Area, it is particularly strong in education, with one of the largest private institutions in France, and in health, with the largest private establishment in

Île-de-France , timezone1 = CET , utc_offset1 = +01:00 , timezone1_DST = CEST , utc_offset1_DST = +02:00 , blank_name_sec1 = Gross regional product , blank_info_sec1 = Ranked 1st , bla ...

. The inhabitants of the commune are known as ''Antoniens'' or ''Antoniennes''. The commune has been awarded "two flowers" by the National Council of Towns and Villages in Bloom in the Competition for Cities and Villages in Bloom.

Geography

Location

Antony is a city in the southern suburbs of Paris in the

Hurepoix Hurepoix () is an area of the Île-de-France, to the southwest of Paris, situated between the departments of Yvelines, Hauts-de-Seine and Essonne. It was an old province of the French Kingdom and the main city was Dourdan. Geography This area i ...

and is the chief town of the arrondissement of

- 12.2 km south of

Notre-Dame Cathedral Notre-Dame de Paris (; meaning "Our Lady of Paris"), referred to simply as Notre-Dame, is a medieval Catholic cathedral on the Île de la Cité (an island in the Seine River), in the 4th arrondissement of Paris. The cathedral, dedicated to the ...

. Its altitudeGeographic presentation in the PLU
September 2006, Antony official website, consulted on 6 April 2012 . is 48m above sea level at the lowest point at rue Gabriel Chamon in the Bièvre Valley and 100m at the highest point in the Avenue d'Estienne d'Orves on the border with Châtenay-Malabry. Antony is at the intersection of three departments: *

Essonne Essonne () is a department of France in the southern Île-de-France region. It is named after the river Essonne. In 2019, it had a population of 1,301,659 across 194 communes.Verrières-le-Buisson to the west,

Wissous Wissous () is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France. Paris-Orly Airport is partially located in the commune. Population Inhabitants of Wissous are known as ''Wissoussiens''. History Wissous appears in ...

to the east, and Massy to the south; *

, with the communes of Châtenay-Malabry to the west, Sceaux and

Bourg-la-Reine Bourg-la-Reine () is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. History In 1792, during the French Revolution, Bourg-la-Reine (meaning "Town of the Queen") was renamed Bourg-l'Égalité (meani ...

to the north; *

Val-de-Marne Val-de-Marne (, "Vale of the Marne") is a department of France located in the Île-de-France region. Named after the river Marne, it is situated in the Grand Paris metropolis to the southeast of the City of Paris. In 2019, Val-de-Marne had a pop ...

, with the communes of Fresnes and L'Haÿ-les-Roses to the east Antony is traversed by three rivers: the Bièvre River and its two tributaries, the Ruisseau des Godets and the Ruisseau de Rungis. One branch of the Bièvre upstream flows in the open through Heller Park in an area where the Bièvre is maintained by the Inter-communal association for development of the Bièvre Valley. From there it has been channeled and covered since the decision of the municipal council on 26 October 1950 nearly all the way to Paris. It then becomes part of the network of the ''Inter-departmental association for sanitation of the Paris agglomeration''. Since the early 2000s, the restoration of the open air to the Bièvre at Antony and downstream has been envisaged.The Bièvre to be restored to the surface in Hauts-de-Seine
, Hauts-de-Seine General Council website, consulted on 6 April 2012 . In 2003 this was done to Fresnes at the ''Pars des Prés'' on the edge of the La Fontaine district of Antony. Antony is bisected by the South Parisian Green corridor which forms a portion of the ''via Turonensis'': one of four paths in France for the pilgrimage to Saint Jacques de Compostela.

Geology and terrain

The commune area is with the altitude varying between . The plateaux of

Beauce Beauce may refer to: * Beauce, France, a natural region in northern France * Beaucé, a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department, Brittany, France * Beauce, Quebec, an historical and cultural region of Canada ** Beauce (electoral district), a fed ...

ends in the north in an area crossed by small tributaries of the

. Antony is located in the extreme north-east of this area, called

. The crust of

limestone Limestone ( calcium carbonate ) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of . Limestone forms whe ...

of Beauce ends with a ledge at the edge of the Bois de Verrières. It covers a thick impermeable layer about thick of

sand Sand is a granular material composed of finely divided mineral particles. Sand has various compositions but is defined by its grain size. Sand grains are smaller than gravel and coarser than silt. Sand can also refer to a textural class of s ...

mixed with

marl Marl is an earthy material rich in carbonate minerals, clays, and silt. When hardened into rock, this becomes marlstone. It is formed in marine or freshwater environments, often through the activities of algae. Marl makes up the lower part o ...

from Fontainebleau which is itself resting on layers of green marl in which there are some areas of

gypsum Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula . It is widely mined and is used as a fertilizer and as the main constituent in many forms of plaster, blackboard or sidewalk chalk, and drywall. ...

then finally blue marl forming the bottom of the Bièvre valley. These green and blue marls form a completely waterproof layer about thick. These set the date of these layers to the

Tertiary Tertiary ( ) is a widely used but obsolete term for the geologic period from 66 million to 2.6 million years ago. The period began with the demise of the non-avian dinosaurs in the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, at the start ...

period when the sea occupying the centre of the Paris Basin began to retreat. The old village of Antony is located on the green marl at the edge of the outcrop of the

water table The water table is the upper surface of the zone of saturation. The zone of saturation is where the pores and fractures of the ground are saturated with water. It can also be simply explained as the depth below which the ground is saturated. T ...

. It was in the gypsum layer that, in Antony in 1807,

Georges Cuvier Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric, Baron Cuvier (; 23 August 1769 – 13 May 1832), known as Georges Cuvier, was a French natural history, naturalist and zoology, zoologist, sometimes referred to as the "founding father of paleontology". Cuvier ...

discovered the fossils of an extinct animal, one of the first to be scientifically recognized - in 1796 Cuvier had been one of first to argue species could become extinct. Naming it ''

Anoplotherium commune ''Anoplotherium'' is an extinct genus of herbivorous artiodactyl mammal, possibly belonging to or a close relative of the suborder Tylopoda, which lived in Europe from the Late Eocene to the earliest Oligocene. Fossils of ''Anoplotherium'' were ...

'', he described a mammalian ungulate herbivore with a long tail and the stature of a donkey or horse that lived 30 million years ago in the

Late Eocene The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes from the Ancient Greek (''ēṓs'', "daw ...

to the earliest

Oligocene The Oligocene ( ) is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene Period and extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present ( to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the epoch are well identified but the ...

Climate

Antony climate type is of degraded oceanic. The most commonly used meteorological observation stations for Antony are those at Orly and at the airport of Vélizy-Villacoublay,''The Floods and Submersions of the Bievre''
23 August 2006, Ministry of Equipment, consulted on 7 April 2012 . both being communes located near Antony. The climate in the departments of the inner suburbs of Paris is characterized by sunshine and relatively low rainfall. The following table compares the climate of the city of Antony with that of some large French cities: The issue of flooding in some districts of Antony and Fresnes, following clogging of water networks (i.e. stormwater, wastewater and the Bièvre) during violent storms (1982, 2001, 2008) returns periodically although a protection plan against flooding was made, either by the prefect or the

mayor In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilities of a mayor as well a ...

, in August 2006.

Channels of communication and transport

Roads

Antony is primarily served by the D920 road (formerly National Route 20) which passes along the entire length of the commune tracing Y. Firino, ''Antony - Five centuries of Street and Place names'', APPA, Antony, 1998 . the route of the

Roman road Roman roads ( la, viae Romanae ; singular: ; meaning "Roman way") were physical infrastructure vital to the maintenance and development of the Roman state, and were built from about 300 BC through the expansion and consolidation of the Roman Re ...

''via Aurelianensis'' which crossed

Gaul Gaul ( la, Gallia) was a region of Western Europe first described by the Romans. It was inhabited by Celtic and Aquitani tribes, encompassing present-day France, Belgium, Luxembourg, most of Switzerland, parts of Northern Italy (only during ...

from south to north coming from Spain and going to

Cologne Cologne ( ; german: Köln ; ksh, Kölle ) is the largest city of the German western States of Germany, state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) and the List of cities in Germany by population, fourth-most populous city of Germany with 1.1 m ...

. Crossing Antony from east to west is the A86 autoroute which, since 1996, follows the route of National Road RN186 which itself traced the route of the road opened by

Louis XV Louis XV (15 February 1710 – 10 May 1774), known as Louis the Beloved (french: le Bien-Aimé), was King of France from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774. He succeeded his great-grandfather Louis XIV at the age of five. Until he reache ...

. The A86 is heavily used by Parisians during peak hours in the morning and late afternoon. It is a way of avoiding Paris by a peripheral route. Though it replaced the function of the RN186, the latter was retained as an urban axis. Parts of the A86 are covered or are in a tunnel at Antony. Work began there more than thirty years ago and was completed by the end of the 2000s. Due to lack of funding, construction of the southern tunnel of the A86 has currently stopped at the RER bridge. The drilling of the section between the Sub-Prefecture building and the RER bridge is still under consideration by State services. These roads have very high traffic (20,000 to 40,000 vehicles per day) and cause nuisance to local residents. It is expected that eventually the RD920 will be converted into an urban boulevard. Antony is also served by the

A10 autoroute The A10, also called L'Aquitaine, is an Autoroute in France, running for 549 km (341 mi) from the A6 south of Paris to the A630 at Bordeaux. It is the longest motorway in France. It generally parallels the N10 Route Nationale, but dev ...

with an exit to join the RN20 and to enter through the south of the city.

Bicycle paths and pedestrian areas

In November 1989 a bike path running through the city inside the Green Belt was built for a length of . Since 9 October 2005 it has been possible to cycle inside the Parc de Sceaux, an area dependent on Hauts-de-Seine department but partly in Antony. Given the density of traffic and as intended by PLU, a coherent easy circulation network consisting of areas limited to 30 km/h and cycling paths primarily to schools and colleges was created. A zone limited to 30 km/h is linked to a zone limited to 10 km/h: in this area priority is given to pedestrians as shown in the photo below. Expansion of areas limited to 30 km/h is underway in all areas of Antony with the aim of gradually moving the whole city to 30 km/h except for the RD920, for which a redevelopment project is proposed for the creation of cycle paths. The zones were defined in 2009 and most of the 30 km/h roads are accessible in both directions for cyclists.

Communal Transport

Antony is connected to the RER network through six stations: ;five stations on the RER Line B These are, from north to south: * Parc de Sceaux * La Croix de Berny *

Antony Antony may refer to: * Antony (name), a masculine given name and a surname * Antony, Belarus, a village in the Hrodna Voblast of Belarus * Antony, Cornwall, a village in Cornwall, United Kingdom ** Antony House, Cornwall, United Kingdom * Antony, ...

* Fontaine Michalon * Les Baconnets The first three stations are in zone 3 for the navigo pass, the other two are in zone 4. Antony station is the most important and was completely rebuilt and returned to service in June 2002. It includes both the station for RER line B, the terminus for 13 bus routes and the terminal of Orlyval. A taxi rank and two bicycle parking garages are nearby. Approximately 25,000 passengers pass through this transport axis every day. ;Chemin d'Antony A station on RER Line C in zone 4. Many bus routes connect Antony to Paris and neighbouring communes via bus networks in the

Île-de-France , timezone1 = CET , utc_offset1 = +01:00 , timezone1_DST = CEST , utc_offset1_DST = +02:00 , blank_name_sec1 = Gross regional product , blank_info_sec1 = Ranked 1st , bla ...

: *10 routes of RATP bus network: TVM, 119, 196, 197, 286, 297, 319, 379, 395, and 396; *8 routes of the ''Paladin'' bus network: 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 12, and 13; *2 routes of the ''Daniel Meyer'' bus network: DM151 and DM152; *2 routes of Noctilien: N21 and N71 Since 21 July 2007 the city of Antony has been served by the ''Trans-Val-de-Marne'' (Tvm) through the RER station of La Croix de Berny. This rapid transit bus service has its own

Bus lane A bus lane or bus-only lane is a lane restricted to buses, often on certain days and times, and generally used to speed up public transport that would be otherwise held up by traffic congestion. The related term busway describes a roadway ...

s and links Antony to the Saint-Maur-Créteil railway station providing access to the limits of the region to the east such as Créteil, the

Rungis International Market The Rungis International Market (french: Marché International de Rungis) is the principal market of Paris, mainly for food and horticultural products, located in the commune of Rungis, in the southern suburbs. It is the second largest wholesa ...

, The Belle Épine commercial centre, and

Choisy-le-Roi Choisy-le-Roi () is a commune in the Val-de-Marne department, in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, Île-de-France. Geography Choisy-le-Roi is located southeast from the center of Paris, on both banks of the river Seine. The neighbouring commu ...

. Planned for 2020, the Antony-Clamart Tramway will connect La Croix de Berny railway station to

Clamart Clamart () is a commune in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. The town is divided into two parts, separated by a forest: ''bas Clamart'', the historical centre, and ''petit Clamart'' with urbaniz ...

- Place du Garde.

Rail transport

By RER Line B Antony is near Paris railway stations. Through Antony station the

Gare du Nord The Gare du Nord (; English: ''station of the North'' or ''Northern Station''), officially Paris-Nord, is one of the six large mainline railway station termini in Paris, France. The station accommodates the trains that run between the capital ...

and the

Gare de Lyon The Gare de Lyon, officially Paris-Gare-de-Lyon, is one of the six large mainline railway stations in Paris, France. It handles about 148.1 million passengers annually according to the estimates of the SNCF in 2018, with SNCF railways and RER D ...

can be reached in 28 minutes (direct connection to the RER) and the

Gare Saint-Lazare The Gare Saint-Lazare (English: St Lazarus station), officially Paris-Saint-Lazare, is one of the six large mainline railway station termini in Paris, France. It serves train services toward Normandy, northwest of Paris, along the Paris–Le Hav ...

railway station in 32 minutes. Antony is also very close to the Massy TGV railway station which can be reached in 5 minutes by RER. This station has the distinction of being both one of the new stations of Île-de-France served by inter-provincial

TGV The TGV (french: Train à Grande Vitesse, "high-speed train"; previously french: TurboTrain à Grande Vitesse, label=none) is France's intercity high-speed rail service, operated by SNCF. SNCF worked on a high-speed rail network from 1966 to 19 ...

and also a new station for the LGV Atlantique radial line. Thus certain trains serve both the Paris-Montparnasse railway station and this station which makes it useful for going to Paris to take the TGV.

RER line C RER C is one of the five lines in the Réseau Express Régional (English: Regional Express Network), a hybrid commuter rail and rapid transit system serving Paris, France and its suburbs. The line crosses the region from north to south. The li ...

also passes through Antony (the Massy-Pontoise branch) but it is significantly underutilized as serving suburbs because of its simultaneous use as a connecting link for the TGV between the South-West network and the North network as well as having many heavy freight trains. Réseau Ferré de France (RFF) has proposed the creation of a third line on the right of way to facilitate the coexistence of three types of rail traffic, but in the absence of specific guarantees of soundproofing measures the project has been rejected both by the residents' associations and by the Antony council.

Air transport and airport access

Antony is near Orly Airport. Since 2 October 1991 it can be reached in seven minutes by Orlyval, a narrow-gauge light railway of

VAL Val may refer to: Val-a Film * ''Val'' (film), an American documentary about Val Kilmer, directed by Leo Scott and Ting Poo Military equipment * Aichi D3A, a Japanese World War II dive bomber codenamed "Val" by the Allies * AS Val, a Sov ...

type from the Antony RER B railway station. The use of this line is provided by RATP and it has special pricing that does not include it in the package for the Navigo pass.

Town planning

Urban Morphology

INSEE divided the commune into four "large quarters" called Croix de Berny, Rabats, Baconnets, and Centre-ville which were themselves cut into 27 grouped blocks for statistical information. Antony revised its local urban plan (PLU)On POS at PLU
, Official Antony website, consulted on 8 April 2012 . in 2007 based on the findings of a survey conducted in 2004 among residents and the results have been an organisation and sustainable development plan (PADD). The development of this PLU ended with the adoption of the final draft by a vote of the City Council on 30 May 2008. The main direction for the PLU was a balanced urban development, a dynamic economy, developing public facilities, and to preserve a framework for a quality living environment with improved movement of people. This vision has however been challenged by a preceding

public inquiry A tribunal of inquiry is an official review of events or actions ordered by a government body. In many common law countries, such as the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, Ireland, Australia and Canada, such a public inquiry differs from a royal ...

. The municipality indicated that the city enjoyed a lifestyle that should be preserved: a rich natural heritage, green spaces, a diverse architectural heritage (the old stone quarry, individual

art nouveau Art Nouveau (; ) is an international style of art, architecture, and applied art, especially the decorative arts. The style is known by different names in different languages: in German, in Italian, in Catalan, and also known as the Modern ...

houses,

art deco Art Deco, short for the French ''Arts Décoratifs'', and sometimes just called Deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture, and product design, that first appeared in France in the 1910s (just before World War I), and flourished in the Unite ...

and modern architecture), an ancient well-developed heart with many rows of trees and woodlands but, paradoxically, part of the suburban area was transferred into a zone where dense building development became possible.PLU: report of the Commissioners-Investigators (Vol. 1)
, PS section of Antony website, consulted on 8 April 2012 . The PLU (the subject of a draft amendment in 2012)Public Enquiry - Plan for modification of the PLU
, Official Antony website, consulted on 8 April 2012 . defined the segmentation of the commune into 9 districts: Croix de Berny / La Fontaine, Coulée verte, Centre-ville / Hôtel de ville, Centre-ville / Mounié, Pajeaud, Paul-Bert, Noyer-Doré / Baconnets, Rabats, and Industrial Zones. Antony has of streets of which are local roads, departmental and national roads for which the city is responsible for maintenance, and of private roads.

Housing

To cope with the increasing number of people since the 1950s two interesting ''Castors'' (self-construction cooperative) experiments took place in Antony in 1953 and 1954.''Life in Antony'', Official Municipal Bulletin, Antony, Monthly review, No. 173, June 2003 The ''Castor'' was responsible to build his own home there and to pay close attention. After the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

, before the housing shortage, the French decided to build their own houses by joining in anonymous cooperative societies. Thus companies were created, such as "The Cricket of Île-de-France" and "The Castors of Bièvre". In 1953, the ''Company of Counters'' of Montrouge which had

allotment Allotment may refer to: * Allotment (Dawes Act), an area of land held by the US Government for the benefit of an individual Native American, under the Dawes Act of 1887 * Allotment (finance), a method by which a company allocates over-subscribed s ...

s at Antony (located behind the square Marc Sangnier on the border with Fresnes) offered its employees to sell the land at a nominal price. Nearly 150 houses were built between 1953 and 1957. Their owners were fully invested in these constructions, working on weekends and after their workday. The rules were very strict: rest was only allowed one Sunday per month and only during a week of paid leave. The allocation of houses to employees was made by lot, one each until every house was built. Many houses are still occupied by the original ''Castor''. Maisons vignerons

The housing seen in Antony today represents a diversified heritage: ancient houses in quarry stone, individual

Art Nouveau Art Nouveau (; ) is an international style of art, architecture, and applied art, especially the decorative arts. The style is known by different names in different languages: in German, in Italian, in Catalan, and also known as the Modern ...

house,

Art Deco Art Deco, short for the French ''Arts Décoratifs'', and sometimes just called Deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture, and product design, that first appeared in France in the 1910s (just before World War I), and flourished in the Unite ...

houses, and contemporary architecture. Buildings built in the 1960s are being renovated while in recent years small buildings have replaced the old houses along the RD920 (ex-RN20) to achieve a continuous frontage. In a survey by the weekly ''

Le Point ''Le Point'' () is a French weekly political and news magazine published in Paris. History and profile ''Le Point'' was founded in September 1972 by a group of journalists who had, one year earlier, left the editorial team of '' L'Express'', w ...

'' on the cities of France "where we saw the best", Antony is very well ranked in almost all areas studied, notably in first position for housing. In 2017 in Antony there were 28,841 housing units including 26,734 primary homes or 92.7% of all dwellings. Second homes and casual accommodation numbered 424 units or 1.5% of the total. The number of vacant houses totaled 1,684 or 5.8%. Of all of these units there were 9,275 individual houses (32.2%) and 19,394 units in shared buildings (67.2%).Dossier complet, Commune d'Antony (92002)
29 June 2020, INSEE website, consulted on 2 September 2020 . The average number of occupants per dwelling decreased sharply: 3.24 in 1968, 2.65 in 1982 and 2.43 in 1999. The number of households of one or two persons increased between 1982 and 1999 and had an influence on the consumption of housing land, especially in the outer areas. Thus as the number of households increases the commune needs more housing to accommodate the same number of inhabitants. Antony-grands immeubles

The primary residences are relatively recent: in 2017, 2,731 units or 10.4% predated 1945, 9,035 dated from the period between 1946 and 1970 (34.4%); 7,337 dated from 1971 to 1990 (27.9%), and 4,042 dated from 1991 to 2005 (15.4%). As for the number of rooms in these houses, 7.4% had one room, 14.4% had two rooms, 27.6% had three rooms, 23.1% had four rooms, and 27.5% had five or more rooms. In Antony the average price of real estate for sale in 2008 was about 4,270 euros/m2 and the average price of property for rent was EUR 17.39/m2/month. The suburban area covers of the city with a coefficient of occupation of land of 0.7. The municipality claims to be seeking to enforce a rule of 20% social housing but the communal social housing policy was challenged by an inter-ministerial mission during the summer of 2008. Many projects to rehabilitate social housing are underway but since 1990 there has been more destruction of social housing than creation. This is particularly the case in the construction of the "Grand Ensemble", "Parvis" (Breuil, Bièvre), "White City", and "Guillebaud City". The municipality also highlighted the renovation of buildings along the RD920 (ex RN20) to promote a continuous frontage and dormant urbanisation spaces which is presented as an attempt to maintain the number of inhabitants despite the national trend of decline in the number of people per family.

Development projects

The two main urbanisation operations in Antony are in the quarter of Croix-de-Berny and Noyer-Doré. Organized by the law No. 2003-710 of 1 August 2003. The national urban renewal program provided an unprecedented national effort to renovate districts in difficulty. It is in this context that the Noyer-Dore district, in the south of Antony, is under renovation. The PLU also provided for two new urban developments: the development of the Bas-Graviers/Crocheteurs district along the A86 and to the east of the city, the development of the Cemagref land near the Descartes school. The development work in Croix de Berny began in the 1970s with the creation of the A86 then its partial covering. Important work has been undertaken to extend to 2 lanes the 2 tunnels on the A86, its extension to 2 lanes in 3 tunnels is envisaged. The land near the square, which was occupied until 1989 by the sub-prefecture, was ceded to the city of Antony who built office buildings. The layout of the site itself began in the 2000s by installing a fountain in diameter whose style and cost have been variously appreciated. The roofing of the A86 was provisionally completed in 2008. State services are currently working on the completion of the project "Tube South-west" which should finally complete the doubling of the tunnel of Croix de Berny commissioning with two lanes in three tunnels. The renovation of the district of Noyer-Dore, planned for a decade, began in March 2001 with the destruction of several buildings (including "The Big L" built in the 1960s). This district, always characterized by geographic isolation from the rest of the commune and a deficit in public facilities and shops, is part of the sensitive urban zone called "The Grand ensemble", a zone spread across the communes of Antony and Massy.

Toponymy

It was in a confirmation by King Louis I the Pious made for the monks of Saint-Germain-des-Prés in 829, that the toponym ''Antony'' is mentioned for the first time as ''Antoniacum'' meaning "estate of Antonius", a Gallo-Roman landowner. Then it was attested in the forms: ''Anthoniaco'', ''Anthognyaco'', ''Antongni'', ''Antoni'', and ''Antony'' from the 18th century with the exception of a brief period during the

French Revolution The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are considere ...

when it took the name of ''Antony-Révolution''.Collective work, ''Antony, from its origin to modern times'', éd. Connaissance d'Antony, Antony, 1987, p. 21. The known origin of the city dates back to the 3rd century. The name ''Antony'' is a Gallo-Roman formation and comes from the Latin anthroponym ''Antonius'' (giving ''Antoine'', worn by a native), followed by the suffix ''-acum'' of Gallic origin. A Homonym with Antogny,

Antoigné Antoigné () is a commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France. Population See also *Communes of the Maine-et-Loire department The following is a list of the 177 communes of the Maine-et-Loire department of France. The com ...

, and Antoigny all of which toponyms date back to the Gallo-Roman ''*ANTONIACU''.

History

Île-de-France , timezone1 = CET , utc_offset1 = +01:00 , timezone1_DST = CEST , utc_offset1_DST = +02:00 , blank_name_sec1 = Gross regional product , blank_info_sec1 = Ranked 1st , bla ...

. Antony has a long history, dating from the 3rd century in the Gallo-Roman era. Its history merges with that of the Royal Domain formed in the 10th century by the Capetian kings, which gave rise to the

Île-de-France , timezone1 = CET , utc_offset1 = +01:00 , timezone1_DST = CEST , utc_offset1_DST = +02:00 , blank_name_sec1 = Gross regional product , blank_info_sec1 = Ranked 1st , bla ...

region.

Prehistoric and Gallo-Roman era

In prehistoric times people settled along the edges of the plateau overlooking the valley. The remains of their settlements are still visible in the ''Bois de Verrières''. The selection of sites was from the beginning conditioned by water and access. The village that later gave birth to Antony was installed in a location conducive to human settlement: a hillside site with many advantages—easy to protect because of its height with richer soil than that on the plateau and in an area not subject to flooding as it was above the marshes but at the level of water sources that rise from the green marl. The many fountains in Rue de l'Eglise and the Avenue du Bois-de-Verrières and the place names (Sources, Gouttieres) attest to the existence of this

Water table The water table is the upper surface of the zone of saturation. The zone of saturation is where the pores and fractures of the ground are saturated with water. It can also be simply explained as the depth below which the ground is saturated. T ...

. In 1852, when the cemetery was being moved from in front of the church, sarcophagi were discovered that were originally supposed to be

Frankish Frankish may refer to: * Franks, a Germanic tribe and their culture ** Frankish language or its modern descendants, Franconian languages * Francia, a post-Roman state in France and Germany * East Francia, the successor state to Francia in Germany ...

Merovingian The Merovingian dynasty () was the ruling family of the Franks from the middle of the 5th century until 751. They first appear as "Kings of the Franks" in the Roman army of northern Gaul. By 509 they had united all the Franks and northern Gauli ...

. It may be that people have lived around the Gallo-Roman villa since ancient times.

Antony from the 10th to the 15th centuries

From the 10th to the 15th century the

Lord Lord is an appellation for a person or deity who has authority, control, or power over others, acting as a master, chief, or ruler. The appellation can also denote certain persons who hold a title of the peerage in the United Kingdom, or ar ...

ship of Antony was one of the main dependencies of the

Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés An abbey is a type of monastery used by members of a religious order under the governance of an abbot or abbess. Abbeys provide a complex of buildings and land for religious activities, work, and housing of Christian monks and nuns. The conce ...

. The location at Antony had a ford called ''Pont-aux-Ânes'' (Bridge of the Asses) from Roman and medieval times. This hillside location provided Antony with a connection with

Montlhéry Montlhéry () is a Communes of France, commune in the Essonne Departments of France, department in Île-de-France in northern France. It is located from Paris. History Montlhéry lay on the strategically important road from Paris to Orléans. U ...

, a stronghold which monitored the southern approaches to Paris. Antony also had a small fortress, the ''Tour d'Argent'' (Tower of Silver) which was located in the upper part of the village in a position overlooking the ford and possibly serving a defensive function. In 1042, the King of France, Henri I, accorded the abbot of Saint-Germain des Près "an altar dedicated to Saint Saturnin and located in the territory of Paris, in the jurisdiction called Paris". Roue du moulin

In 1177 in recognition of the importance of the village Antony chapel became a parish church. The people were then all

serf Serfdom was the status of many peasants under feudalism, specifically relating to manorialism, and similar systems. It was a condition of debt bondage and indentured servitude with similarities to and differences from slavery, which developed ...

s of the Abbey. City dwellers then began to get communal

Charter A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority (or sovereignty), and that the rec ...

s and those campaigns began the great liberation movement that led to the emancipation of the serfs. The decisive date was in 1248: Thomas de Mauleon, the Abbot of

Saint-Germain des Près Saint-Germain, Saint Germain or Saint Germaine may refer to: Places * List of French communes named Saint-Germain * Saint-Germain, Quebec, Canada * Saint-Germain River, Quebec, Canada * St. Germain, Wisconsin, U.S. * St. Germain (community), ...

, freed his serfs in Antony and Verrières. Many expenses still faced these farmers: they had to pay an annual rent,

tithe A tithe (; from Old English: ''teogoþa'' "tenth") is a one-tenth part of something, paid as a contribution to a religious organization or compulsory tax to government. Today, tithes are normally voluntary and paid in cash or cheques or more r ...

s for the mills, ovens, and presses, and also provide Corvées or unpaid labour, such as cleaning the Bièvre every three years. The

Kings of France France was ruled by monarchs from the establishment of the Kingdom of West Francia in 843 until the end of the Second French Empire in 1870, with several interruptions. Classical French historiography usually regards Clovis I () as the first ...

had the right of accommodation in Antony. Under

Louis IX Louis IX (25 April 1214 – 25 August 1270), commonly known as Saint Louis or Louis the Saint, was King of France from 1226 to 1270, and the most illustrious of the Direct Capetians. He was crowned in Reims at the age of 12, following the d ...

there were lawsuits against people who refused to submit to this law. They were condemned. During the 14th and 15th centuries Antony had troubles from the

Hundred Years War The Hundred Years' War (; 1337–1453) was a series of armed conflicts between the kingdoms of England and France during the Late Middle Ages. It originated from disputed claims to the French throne between the English House of Plantagen ...

then the Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War: plagues, famine and devastation. At the end of this long period, the Abbey was crushed by debt and the region was emptied of its inhabitants. There were only 100 inhabitants left in Antony at the end of the wars. In 1346 King

Philip of Valois Philip VI (french: Philippe; 1293 – 22 August 1350), called the Fortunate (french: le Fortuné, link=no) or the Catholic (french: le Catholique, link=no) and of Valois, was the first king of France from the House of Valois, reigning from 1328 ...

, on his way to the feast of the

Assumption Assumption, in Christianity, refers to the Assumption of Mary, a belief in the taking up of the Virgin Mary into heaven. Assumption may also refer to: Places * Assumption, Alberta, Canada * Assumption, Illinois, United States ** Assumption Town ...

, camped in Antony believing that

Edward III Edward III (13 November 1312 – 21 June 1377), also known as Edward of Windsor before his accession, was King of England and Lord of Ireland from January 1327 until his death in 1377. He is noted for his military success and for restoring r ...

, King of England, would pass through there on his way to

Flanders Flanders (, ; Dutch: ''Vlaanderen'' ) is the Flemish-speaking northern portion of Belgium and one of the communities, regions and language areas of Belgium. However, there are several overlapping definitions, including ones related to culture, ...

. The prince waited in vain for two days, the King of England having passed through

Poissy Poissy () is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. It is located in the western suburbs of Paris, from the centre of Paris. Inhabitants are called ''Pisciacais'' in French. Poissy is one of ...

heading towards

Beauvais Beauvais ( , ; pcd, Bieuvais) is a city and commune in northern France, and prefecture of the Oise département, in the Hauts-de-France region, north of Paris. The commune of Beauvais had a population of 56,020 , making it the most populous ...

The opening up (16th to 18th centuries)

The road from

Orléans Orléans (;"Orleans"
(US) and François I Francis I (french: François Ier; frm, Francoys; 12 September 1494 – 31 March 1547) was King of France from 1515 until his death in 1547. He was the son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy. He succeeded his first cousin once ...

: it crossed the Bièvre at the ''Pont d'Antony'' from which a path led to the centre of the village near the church of Saint-Saturnin. The development of this road led to the development of the city. In 1545

François I Francis I (french: François Ier; frm, Francoys; 12 September 1494 – 31 March 1547) was King of France from 1515 until his death in 1547. He was the son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy. He succeeded his first cousin once ...

, while at prayers with Cardinal de Tournon,

Commendatory abbot A commendatory abbot ( la, abbas commendatarius) is an ecclesiastic, or sometimes a layman, who holds an abbey ''in commendam'', drawing its revenues but not exercising any authority over its inner monastic discipline. If a commendatory abbot is an ...

of Saint Germain, gave

letters patent Letters patent ( la, litterae patentes) ( always in the plural) are a type of legal instrument in the form of a published written order issued by a monarch, president or other head of state, generally granting an office, right, monopoly, titl ...

for the establishment of fairs at Antony on Thursday after

Pentecost Pentecost (also called Whit Sunday, Whitsunday or Whitsun) is a Christianity, Christian holiday which takes place on the 50th day (the seventh Sunday) after Easter Sunday. It commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles in the Ne ...

and on Saint Catherine's day (25 November) as well as a market every Thursday. The famous top-quality candle maker

Trudon {{refimprove, date=February 2012 Cire Trudon is a French candlemaker. Founded in 1643, it was the provider of the royal court of Louis XIV, as well as most of the great churches of France. Cire Trudon was the biggest wax-producing factory in the ...

was established here in 1737 after buying the business established in 1702 from Pean de Saint Gilles, wax supplier to the King. At the end of the 17th century and early in the 18th century, Antony became a holiday town close to Paris: La Fontaine and

Charles Perrault Charles Perrault ( , also , ; 12 January 1628 – 16 May 1703) was an iconic French author and member of the Académie Française. He laid the foundations for a new literary genre, the fairy tale, with his works derived from earlier folk tales ...

took their summer quarters there. This is also the period during which many mansions were built by notable Parisian who came to Antony for the countryside just outside Paris. Most mansions still remained in the middle of the 20th century: the old castle, the property of the actor François Molé, the folly of the Castries family in Heller Park now demolished but an outbuilding remains, the house of the ''Belle Levantine'' (now the Maison Saint-Jean), the property of the Ladies of Saint Raphael, and the property of Ballainvilliers purchased in 1860 by the surgeon

Alfred Velpeau Alfred-Armand-Louis-Marie Velpeau (18 May 1795 – 24 August 1867) was a French anatomist and surgeon. Biography A native of Brèches, Indre-et-Loire, he served as a student and assistant to Pierre Bretonneau (1778-1862) in Tours. In 1823 he ...

Development in the 19th century

Antony remained predominantly agricultural until the early 20th century. Le Petit Journal wrote in 1922: "The pretty commune of Antony is one of those, in the suburbs of Paris, where agriculture is still the most thriving". The city was known for its

coaching inn The coaching inn (also coaching house or staging inn) was a vital part of Europe's inland transport infrastructure until the development of the railway, providing a resting point ( layover) for people and horses. The inn served the needs of tra ...

for horses that welcomed travelers at the crossroads called "Croix de Berny" because it was at the intersection of the royal road, dating from the 18th century, leading from

Versailles The Palace of Versailles ( ; french: Château de Versailles ) is a former royal residence built by King Louis XIV located in Versailles, about west of Paris, France. The palace is owned by the French Republic and since 1995 has been managed, u ...

, and the road from

Orléans Orléans (;"Orleans"
(US) and Sceaux line opened in 1854 then the Arpajonnais line in 1893. The building of mansions continued: the property of the Marquis of Castries was demolished and replaced in the Second Empire by Sarran Castle and Bourdeau Park whose remains have today become the ''Maison des Arts'' (Art House). Antony became the seat of numerous religious congregations. The ''Sisters of the Cross of Saint-André'' who had a girls' religious school at Antony since 1720, in 1928 became the ''Institute of the Cross'', then ''The Cross'' before being integrated into the ''Institution of Sainte-Marie of Antony'' which incorporated several religious congregations. The Marianists bought the Chénier property and installed their French seminar. Returning after their expulsion in 1903, their building became the Maison Saint-Jean, now a retreat for Marianists. In 1968 they created the ''Institution of Sainte-Marie of Antony''. CP - 1ruedeChatenay

The Redemptorists (Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer) purchased the property of the surgeon Velpeau on 5 August 1889 to build their novitiate. Following the Separation of Church and State in 1905 they had to leave Antony as they were expelled on 13 June 1908. They had meanwhile built very large buildings which were taken by the

Seine Department Seine was the former department of France encompassing Paris and its immediate suburbs. It is the only enclaved department of France at that time. Its prefecture was Paris and its INSEE number was 75. The Seine department was disbanded in 1968 ...

and became the Paul-Manchon day nursery. In 1890 the

Sisters of St. Joseph of Cluny The Sisters of St. Joseph of Cluny is a Roman Catholic religious institute founded in 1807. Located around the world, its members perform a variety of charitable works, but they devote themselves especially to missionary work and providing educat ...

bought the buildings of the former royal manufactory of waxes. They installed a nursing home for the sisters returning from the

colonies In modern parlance, a colony is a territory subject to a form of foreign rule. Though dominated by the foreign colonizers, colonies remain separate from the administration of the original country of the colonizers, the '' metropolitan state'' ...

. The main building is now a retreat for the sisters of this congregation. The ''Ladies of Saint Raphael'' settled in 1893. Their work was to host single mothers to help ensure their safe child-bearing and also ran a school founded by Father Amédée Ferrand de Missol (1805-1883), a physician who became a priest, friend and companion of

Frédéric Ozanam Antoine-Frédéric Ozanam (; 23 April 1813 – 8 September 1853) was a French literary scholar, lawyer, journalist and equal rights advocate. He founded with fellow students the Conference of Charity, later known as the Society of Saint Vincent ...

. These religious left Antony in 1972 after creating a similar place in

Colombia Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with insular regions in North America—near Nicaragua's Caribbean coast—as well as in the Pacific Ocean. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Car ...

. The school was closed and the association was taken over by the laity.

Development in the 20th century

The first major development in Antony was performed under the guidance of its Senator-

Augustus Mounié: the city went from 4,000 to 20,000 inhabitants. Elected mayor in 1912, he immediately attacked the problem of housing. Nicknamed in the newspaper "Le Père des mal-lotis" (The Father of the poor), he created more than forty associations of the poor to carry out sanitation of housing. He built schools, many roads, and installed street lighting. In 1940 refugees flocking to the capital to go south. The mayor organised dormitories in schools and sought to supply the refugees by any means and 7,000 Antonians remained on site out of 19,000 inhabitants. Schools were emptied: students and teachers were first sent to Savigny-sur-Braye, then

Saumur Saumur () is a commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France. The town is located between the Loire and Thouet rivers, and is surrounded by the vineyards of Saumur itself, Chinon, Bourgueil, Coteaux du Layon, etc.. Saumur statio ...

, and finally Bouille-Loretz. On 14 June 1940 the Germans come into town and used the stadium and the Jules Ferry school as places to hold 8,000 prisoners of war. Antony was the first city in the

Seine department Seine was the former department of France encompassing Paris and its immediate suburbs. It is the only enclaved department of France at that time. Its prefecture was Paris and its INSEE number was 75. The Seine department was disbanded in 1968 ...

liberated by troops of the 2nd Armoured Division of

General Leclerc Philippe François Marie Leclerc de Hauteclocque (22 November 1902 – 28 November 1947) was a Free-French general during the Second World War. He became Marshal of France posthumously in 1952, and is known in France simply as le maréchal ...

on 24 August 1944. Bibliothèque

The second development was a consequence of the very rapid housing construction in the early 1960s to accommodate the returnees from

Algeria ) , image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Algiers , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , relig ...

. Rapid urbanization led to the construction of small buildings but also low-rise apartments such as "The Grand L" famous for its interior corridors long and a height of 11 floors which was demolished in February 2001. In 20 years, from 1955 to 1975, the population increased from 24,512 to 57,795. During this period, the city built 11 nursery and primary schools, three colleges, a school, a large stadium, five school gyms with a sports centre, a sports park, two leisure centres, a swimming pool, a city hall, and thousands of units of social housing. The new city hall is a modern work by architect Georges Felus and was inaugurated on 19 June 1970. The 1990s saw the reconstruction of the library in 1990, then in 1996 the fire station and the Conservatory of Music. The 2000s saw the end of the development work undertaken for nearly 40 years in the Croix-de-Berny quarter. This quarter, a strategic crossroads of communication (the A86, A6, A10, and near Orly Airport and RER B), near the ''Parc de Sceaux'', was redeveloped to attract businesses and create jobs. It is predicted that 7,000 jobs will be created in this district.

Heraldry

The arms of Antony were adopted on 20 June 1919 but have since been simplified. The latest version dates to 1987. The bridge that was on the river has recently disappeared from the shield, but the motto remains: "''parvus ubi pagus fuit Urbem jam alluit unda''" meaning: "where there was a village, the river now waters a city". The original coat of arms of 1919 are officially blazoned as: "Quarterly, 1 and 4 Azure with three fleurs-de-lis of Or with an escutcheon at Fess-point Sable with three roundels Argent; 2 and 3 quarterly, 1 and 4 Gules with a column Argent, in chief (sewn) Azure a lion passant of Or, 2 and 3 Azure with three bends of Or, in chief (sewn) Azure with a lion issuant of Or; over all in Vert a bridge of Argent masoned and Ajouré in Sable over a river Argent.". In summary: the fleurs-de-lis, escutcheons, and roundels are for the

, the tower evokes the old fortress overlooking the Bièvre ford; the lion is from the arms of

Hugues de Lionne Hugues de Lionne (11 October 1611 – 1 September 1671) was a French statesman. He was born in Grenoble, of an old family of Dauphiné. Early trained for diplomacy, he fell into disgrace under Cardinal Richelieu, but his remarkable abilities ...

, first Marquis of Berny and French Foreign Minister (1663-1671).

Politics and administration

Bâtiment de la Communauté d'agglomérations

Antony is one of the two sub-prefectures of the department of

in the

Île-de-France , timezone1 = CET , utc_offset1 = +01:00 , timezone1_DST = CEST , utc_offset1_DST = +02:00 , blank_name_sec1 = Gross regional product , blank_info_sec1 = Ranked 1st , bla ...

region. The canton of Antony includes only two-thirds of the commune from its southern part, the rest belongs to the Canton of

. The commune of Antony since 1986 has belonged to the thirteenth electoral district of Hauts-de-Seine. Since 2006 Antony has been one of the communes that uses

voting machines A voting machine is a machine used to record votes in an election without paper. The first voting machines were mechanical but it is increasingly more common to use ''electronic voting machines''. Traditionally, a voting machine has been defin ...

Political balance

Politically, from the early 1980s Antony has been a right-wing town. The current president of the General Council of Hauts-de-Seine and former minister, Patrick Devedjian, won four consecutive terms as

in the city of Antony. From 16 October 1983 to 30 May 2002 he ran for municipal elections as a member of the RPR. His successor as mayor, Raymond Sibille, was elected as a UMP mayor as was his successor, Jean-Yves Sénant, who was reelected in 2008. In the

2005 French European Constitution referendum The French referendum on the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe was held on 29 May 2005 to decide whether France should ratify the proposed Constitution of the European Union. The result was a victory for the "No" campaign, with 55% ...

, Antonians voted overwhelmingly for the

European Constitution The Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe (TCE; commonly referred to as the European Constitution or as the Constitutional Treaty) was an unratified international treaty intended to create a consolidated constitution for the European U ...

with 63.60% for "Yes" against 36.40% for "No" with an abstention rate of 24.77% (Whole of France: 54.67% "No", 45.33% "Yes"). In the French presidential election of 2007, the first round saw

Nicolas Sarkozy Nicolas Paul Stéphane Sarközy de Nagy-Bocsa (; ; born 28 January 1955) is a French politician who served as President of France from 2007 to 2012. Born in Paris, he is of Hungarian, Greek Jewish, and French origin. Mayor of Neuilly-sur-Se ...

with 34.86% or 11,924 votes, followed by Ségolène Royal with 27.53% or 9,418 votes, then

François Bayrou François René Jean Lucien Bayrou (; born 25 May 1951) is a French politician who has presided over the Democratic Movement (MoDem) since he founded it in 2007. A centrist, he was a candidate in the 2002, 2007 and 2012 presidential elections. ...

with 22.98% or 7,861 votes, and finally

Jean-Marie Le Pen Jean Louis Marie Le Pen (, born 20 June 1928) is a French far-right politician who served as President of the National Front from 1972 to 2011. He also served as Honorary President of the National Front from 2011 to 2015. Le Pen graduated fro ...

with 5.10% or 1,744 votes with no other candidate exceeding the 5% threshold. In the second round, voters voted 52.69% or 17,241 votes for Nicolas Sarkozy against 47.31% or 15,482 votes for Ségolène Royal, a result close to the national average, which was in the second round 53.06% for Nicolas Sarkozy and 46.94% for Ségolène Royal. Turnout was very high in this presidential election. There are 39,327 registered voters on the Antony electoral list and 87.05% or 34,234 voters participated in the voting. The abstention rate was 12.95% or 5,093 votes, 4.41% or 1,511 votes were blank or invalid so in total 95.59% or 32,723 votes were cast.

Municipal administration

The Antony

municipal council A municipal council is the legislative body of a municipality or local government area. Depending on the location and classification of the municipality it may be known as a city council, town council, town board, community council, rural counci ...

consists of the

, 13 deputy mayors, 21 municipal council delegates, and 10 municipal councilors. Thirty-five city seats on the municipal council are filled by the electoral group ''Antony for all with Jean-Yves Sénant''. The two opposition groups are ''Union for Antony'' led by François Rivet and ''Antony Plus'' led by Magali Buzelin. One municipal councilor was initially elected as a

MoDem A modulator-demodulator or modem is a computer hardware device that converts data from a digital format into a format suitable for an analog transmission medium such as telephone or radio. A modem transmits data by Modulation#Digital modulati ...

on the ''Antony Plus'' ticket and considered by the City Council as an opposition councillor, has sat since late 2008 in an independent group and voted with the municipal majority. The current mayor is also the 1st Vice President of the Aagglomeration Community of Hauts-de-Bièvre responsible for finance. He was Regional Adviser for Île-de-France from 2004 to 2010. In 2000 the municipality established the Council of Young Citizens (CJC). CJC is composed of thirty students with parity between boys and girls. They are elected by their peers in the three schools in the town: Sainte-Marie, Descartes, and Theodore Monod. Divided into three committees, these young people have a duty to reflect on questions of general interest and to propose actions to the municipality. The municipality also decided in 2008 to establish a ''Council of Seniors'' appointed by the mayor on a voluntary basis. The seats in the municipal council of Antony are allocated as follows:Elected in the opposition
, Antony official website, consulted on 22 November 2008 . In the municipal elections of March 2008, the participation rate for the first and only round was low with only 56.98% of voters. Of the 40,770 registered on electoral lists, 23,229 voted and 22,453 voters made valid votes. Jean-Yves Sénant topped the list with ''Antony for all Jean-Yves Sénant'' and was elected with an absolute majority of 52.09% or 11,696 votes. He was followed by the United list of the left led by Francis Rivet who topped the list ''Union for Antony'', who collected 29.39% of the vote or 6,599 votes. The centre-left list ''Antony Plus with you'', with its leader Jean-François Homassel, ranked third with 18.52% of the collected votes or 4,158 votes.
, RFO website, consulted on 22 November 2008 .

Mayors

List of successive

mayors In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a Municipal corporation, municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilities ...

;

Mayors In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a Municipal corporation, municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilities ...

from 1940

Local finance

Since the 2000s, the amount of cash flow for the commune remained well above the average for this level (communes from 50,000 to 100,000 population): Cash flow capacity per inhabitant (in euros)

Judicial and administrative jurisdiction

Antony is the seat of a District Court. The cantons under the court's jurisdiction are the cantons of Antony,

Bagneux Bagneux may refer to: Communes in France *Bagneux, Aisne * Bagneux, Allier *Bagneux, Hauts-de-Seine * Bagneux, Indre * Bagneux, Marne * Bagneux, Meurthe-et-Moselle * Bagneux-la-Fosse, Aube Other * Bagneux British Cemetery, département of the Somm ...

, Châtenay-Malabry,

Fontenay-aux-Roses Fontenay-aux-Roses () is a Communes of France, commune in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the Kilometre Zero, center of Paris. In 1880 a girls school École Normale Supérieure was opened in the town. It was one of ...

Le Plessis-Robinson Le Plessis-Robinson () is a commune in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. , it has 29,100 inhabitants. History Plessis was first mentioned in 839 as ''Plessiacus apud Castanetum'', meaning ''pless ...

, Montrouge, and Sceaux. Antony is also the seat of a

Police Court Police court may refer to: * ''Police Court'' (film), a 1932 American film * Police tribunal (France) (''Tribunal de police''), the lowest level of criminal court in France * Police tribunal (Belgium) (''Politierechtbank''/''Tribunal de police'') ...

. Both courts are located in a building that was built in 1872 to accommodate the first school for boys. In 1927 the building was transformed into a city hall until the construction of the new city hall in 1970. Antony reports to the ''Tribunal de Grande Instance'' of Nanterre, the

Court of Appeal A court of appeals, also called a court of appeal, appellate court, appeal court, court of second instance or second instance court, is any court of law that is empowered to hear an appeal of a trial court or other lower tribunal. In much of t ...

, the

Juvenile court A juvenile court, also known as young offender's court or children's court, is a tribunal having special authority to pass judgements for crimes that are committed by children who have not attained the age of majority. In most modern legal s ...

of Nanterre, the ''

Conseil de prud'hommes In France, the Labour Courts or employment tribunals () resolve individual disputes arising out of an employment contract. The dispute is resolved by a judgment only if conciliation cannot be achieved by the court. Judges are not professionals; they ...

'' (labour court) in

Boulogne-Billancourt Boulogne-Billancourt (; often colloquially called simply Boulogne, until 1924 Boulogne-sur-Seine, ) is a wealthy and prestigious Communes of France, commune in the Parisian area, located from its Kilometre zero, centre. It is a Subprefectures in ...

, the Commercial Court of Nanterre, the Administrative Tribunal in Cergy-Pontoise, and the Administrative Court of Appeal of Versailles.

Environmental policy

For a long time Antony has sought to capitalize on its many green spaces. With the help of the Agglomeration Community of Hauts-de-Bièvre visits have been to different sites to discover their remarkable natural resources. The catchment area of the Bièvre has been classified as a "natural ecological, fauna and flora zone" since 1984 by the Ministry of the Environment. This area is a high quality wetland of regional interest—the most remarkable in the

department. In 1992, an ornithological observatory was established at the city's initiative on this site. 132 different species of birds have been observed between 1977 and 1993 including very rare species in Île-de-France. The entire valley to the Parc de Sceaux is registered in the inventory of natural areas of flora and fauna of ecological interest. A process of planting large trees was initiated in 2008. These trees, high and 25 years old, are planted in particular locations with the aim of them becoming remarkable trees in the third millennium. These iconic trees mark the landscape and serve as landmarks for urban planning.

Twin towns – sister cities

Antony maintains close ties with many foreign cities. It was on 18 February 1985 that the first French city to sign a twinning agreement with the Afghan resistance against the Soviet invasion during the war in Afghanistan (1979-1989) was signed. It united Antony with Paghman, a district on the outskirts of

Kabul Kabul (; ps, , ; , ) is the capital and largest city of Afghanistan. Located in the eastern half of the country, it is also a municipality, forming part of the Kabul Province; it is administratively divided into 22 municipal districts. Acco ...

but has not been pursued with the new authorities. The René Descartes School of Antony organizes annual exchanges between Antony and its two twin towns: Lexington in the United States and Reinickendorf in Germany. Antony is twinned with: *

Antelias Antelias ( ar, أنطلياس) is a city in Lebanon in the Matn District of the Mount Lebanon Governorate. It is located around 5 km to the north of Beirut. Etymology The name is originally Greek, ἀντήλιος – from ἀντί(ant ...

, Lebanon (2018) * Collegno, Italy (1961) * Davtashen (Yerevan), Armenia (2015) * Eleftheroupoli, Greece (2000) *

Hammam-Lif Hammam-Lif ( ar, حمام الأنف, pronounced hammam linf) is a coastal town about 20 km south-east of Tunis, the capital of Tunisia. It has been known since antiquity for its thermal springs originating in Mount Bou Kornine. History ...

, Tunisia (1969) *

Lewisham Lewisham () is an area of southeast London, England, south of Charing Cross. It is the principal area of the London Borough of Lewisham, and was within the Historic counties of England, historic county of Kent until 1889. It is identified i ...

, England, United Kingdom (1967) * Lexington, United States (1990) * Olomouc, Czech Republic (1995) * Protvino, Russia * Reinickendorf (Berlin), Germany (1966) * Sderot, Israel (1984)

Demography

In 2017 the commune had 62,570 inhabitants.

Distribution of Age Groups

The population of the town is relatively young. The proportion of people above age 60 (23.2%) is lower than the national rate (25.5%) but above the departmental rate (19.9%). As for the national and departmental proportions, the female population of the commune is higher (52.2%) than the male population. Percentage Distribution of Age Groups in Antony and Hauts-de-Seine Department in 2017 Source: INSEEÉvolution et structure de la population en 2017: Commune d'Antony (92002)
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Economy

The town has a branch of the Paris Chamber of Commerce.

Incomes of the population and taxation

In 2004, 818 households in Antony were liable for the Solidarity tax on wealth (ISF) and the average amount of this tax in Antony was €3,857 per year against €5,683 per year for the national average. The average wealth of Antonians liable for ISF was €1,295,062. In 2008, there were 1,463 households in Antony liable for the Solidarity tax on wealth (ISF) and the average amount of this tax in Antony was €3,634 per year and the average wealth of Antonians liable for ISF was €1,406,852. In 2010 the median household income tax was €42,583, placing Antony at 1456th out of the 31,525 communes in France with more than 39 households.

Employment

The commune of Antony is part of the employment zone of

. The total working population of the commune is 30,758. The rate of employment between 15 and 64 years old is 70.4%. There are 2,793 unemployed. In 2017 Antony had an unemployment rate of 9.1% which was lower than the national average which was 13.9%. The commune has an Employment centre for job searching.

Enterprises and businesses

Antony-centre d'affaires de la Renaissance

On 31 December 2015 the total number of establishments was 4,991, distributed as follows by business segment: 10 (0.2%) in agriculture (agriculture, forestry and fishing), 150 (3.0%) in industry, 352 (7.1%) in construction, 3,533 (70.8%) in trade, transport and other services of which 633 (12.7%) were in trade and car repairs, and finally 946 (19.0%) in the areas of public administration, education, health, and social action. Antony-pôle haute technologie

The main areas of activity and research present in Antony are: *The Cemagref or Research Institute for Agricultural Engineering and the Environment (originally the National Centre of Agricultural Machinery, Rural Engineering, Water and Forestry) was created in Paris in 1944 and moved to Antony in 1956. Since then, many centres have been established in the provinces. The centre in Antony particularly specialises in water quality. *The Sanofi company, previously Sanofi-Aventis, created a research centre devoted to chemistry at Antony in 1952. This centre was established on an area of 6

hectare The hectare (; SI symbol: ha) is a non-SI metric unit of area equal to a square with 100-metre sides (1 hm2), or 10,000 m2, and is primarily used in the measurement of land. There are 100 hectares in one square kilometre. An acre is a ...

s which was occupied by vegetable crops near the Croix de Berny. This centre was completely renovated between 1984 and 1988 on the plans of architects A. Chamussi and

Alexandre Chemetoff Alexandre Chemetoff (born 1950) is a French architect, urban planner and landscape artist. In 2000, he was awarded the Grand Prix de l'urbanisme. His approach to project development is to visit the site, walk it, and then connect it with other ex ...

. In September 2011 the group announced the regrouping, planned for 2014, of its commercial activities onto three sites (Paris, Massy, and Gentilly) which would imply the closure of the Antony site. *''Antonypole'' is a business park consisting of an old industrial area built in the south of the city in 1970 and a former high-tech park built in 1980. In 2008, this business park included large institutions in the areas of health, research, and precision electronics, such as: Dräger Medical, Essilor,

Siemens Siemens AG ( ) is a German multinational conglomerate corporation and the largest industrial manufacturing company in Europe headquartered in Munich with branch offices abroad. The principal divisions of the corporation are ''Industry'', '' ...

Stallergenes Stallergenes Greer International AG is a global biopharmaceutical company headquartered in Baar, Switzerland, specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory allergies through immunotherapy. Stallergenes Greer International AG is the ...

, Air Liquide Medical Systems, Vannier Photolec etc. Priority is given today to the installation of high value-added businesses wishing to settle in the south of Paris. *The crossroads of Croix de Berny where several companies settled in 2008 includes the headquarters of the Pomona company and Chronopost. Antony market dates back to

who, in 1545, instituted weekly fairs on Thursdays in Antony. It was moved from the footpaths on Rue Mounié to the Firmin Gémier Square and settled on the site of the city centre in 1957. This is one of the two most important markets in the south of Paris. The grand hall was completely rebuilt between 2003 and 2006.

Facilities

Education

Antony is in the Academy of Versailles.

Schools

The city administers 15

kindergarten Kindergarten is a preschool educational approach based on playing, singing, practical activities such as drawing, and social interaction as part of the transition from home to school. Such institutions were originally made in the late 18th cent ...

s and 13 communal

elementary schools A primary school (in Ireland, the United Kingdom, Australia, Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, and South Africa), junior school (in Australia), elementary school or grade school (in North America and the Philippines) is a school for primary ed ...

serving approximately 5,300 children and whose names come from districts (La Fontaine, Les Rabats, Noyer-Doré, Val-de-Bièvre) or illustrious men (

Paul Bert Paul Bert (17 October 1833 – 11 November 1886) was a French zoologist, physiologist and politician. He is sometimes given the sobriquet "Father of Aviation Medicine". Life Bert was born at Auxerre (Yonne). He studied law, earning a doctorate i ...

, Edmond Blanguernon, Ferdinand Buisson,

André Chénier André Marie Chénier (; 30 October 176225 July 1794) was a French poet of Greek and Franco-Levantine origin, associated with the events of the French Revolution of which he was a victim. His sensual, emotive poetry marks him as one of the precur ...

, André Dunoyer de Segonzac, Jules Ferry, Anatole France,

Jean Moulin Jean Pierre Moulin (; 20 June 1899 – 8 July 1943) was a French civil servant and resistant who served as the first President of the National Council of the Resistance during World War II from 27 May 1943 until his death less than two months l ...

, Adolphe Pajeaud, André Pasquier,

, and

Jean Zay Jean Élie Paul Zay (6 August 1904 – 20 June 1944) was a French politician. He served as Minister of National Education and Fine Arts from 1936 until 1939. He was imprisoned by the Vichy government from August 1940 until he was murdered in 19 ...

). The department manages five colleges and the Île-de-France region two schools. The Anne Frank College building, built in 1978–1980, is a very original building, the result of "politics of models": the municipality had to choose one of the models the Ministry proposed and asked two architects ( Jean Nouvel and Gilbert Lézenès) to adapt the model according to their creative inspiration and constraints of the terrain. SteMarie-ruedel'Abbaye

Antony also three private schools: the ''Ozar Hatorah Jewish School'', the ''New School of Antony'' whose teaching methods rely on the contributions of active methods of teaching by project and institutional teaching, and the ''Institution Sainte-Marie of Antony'' which is a Catholic private school under contract of association with the State and run by the Marianists that has had 3,200 students for several years, making it France's largest private institution.

Higher Education

Antony is the seat of the ''Arc en Ciel - Jean Trubert'' School, a private higher technical school specializing in training in illustration and comics. ''Arc en Ciel - Jean Trubert'' School initiated the creation of the diploma course "Certification of cartoonist and illustrator" which is registered at the ''

Répertoire national des certifications professionnelles In France, the Répertoire national des certifications professionnelles (RNCP) has been created by article L. 335-6 of the ''Code de l'éducation'' (Education Code). The ''répertoire national des certifications professionnelles'' has for purpose t ...

'' (NCPR). This diploma recognized by the State for Level III sanctioned training of two or three years. Two '' Institut Universitaire de Formation des Maîtres'' have been established in Antony: the IUFM Val-de-Bièvre and the IUFM Léon Jouhaux. All disciplines for teaching at professional schools are prepared on the training site of IUFM of Antony Jouhaux. Moreover, thanks to its hotel and restaurant-supply department, it prepares courses and teaching for jobs in hotels. The IUFM Val de Bièvre, meanwhile, was closed down in September 2011, only the COSOM (group of gyms) is still active. Antony is known for its Jean-Zay university residence whose existence is regularly questioned: Patrick Devedjian, the mayor of Antony for 20 years, saw it as a "cyst". Planned in 1945 its construction was decided on in 1952. With 2,500 rooms, it is one of Europe's largest student housing complexes. Open to the students from 1 December 1955, it initially offered 1,580 individual rooms (including 1,040 rooms for boys and 540 rooms for girls), 490 apartments for couples, and many common areas (a library, an auditorium, a sports complex, workrooms). The buildings are spread over ten acres between the town centre and Sceaux Park. From the outset the residence welcomed students from around the world. At the height of its activity, it had three kindergartens, a school, a supermarket, and 50 different nationalities. The new sub-prefecture buildings were constructed in 1989 partly on the grounds of the residence after the demolition of one of its main buildings. The new local plan adopted in 2008 creates a "placeholder" in the hands of the RUA to create an avenue between the city centre and the Parc de Sceaux: achieving this project would result in the demolition of at least one building of the Residence. This project is very controversial because of the shortage of student accommodation in Île-de-France. In 2008, the Minister for Universities and President of the General Council of Hauts-de-Seine considered the "transfer" of the RUA, which the student union strongly opposed. In 2009, the property of the RUA was transferred to the Agglomeration Community of Hauts-de-Bièvre. In 2010, the buildings were demolished. In 2011, the municipality of Antony and the Agglomeration of Hauts-de-Bièvre presented a plan to reorganise the right-of-way by Jean Nouvel.

Health

Antony has some of the best healthcare in Île-de-France: both in number of general practitioners (2nd in the region with 1.52 physicians to 1,000 inhabitants) and specialists (3rd in the region with 2.19 for 1,000 inhabitants). Antony has a modern private hospital built in 2002. It brings together a range of services over an area of 30,000 m2 and provides (as at 1 April 2010) a capacity of 417 beds which makes it the largest private hospital in Île-de-France. This hospital resulted from the successive mergers of clinics in the area: *the ''House of Health of Antony'' *the ''Clinic of Fresnes'' *the ''Clinic of la Providence'' in Antony *the ''Clinique Ambroise-Pare'' in Bourg-la-Reine *the ''Clinic of Millers'' in Bagneux *the ''Clinic of the Parc'' in Bourg-la-Reine *the ''Clinic of the Bois de Verrières'' in Antony *the ''Clinic of Hauts-de-Seine'' *the ''Maternity Clinic of Valleys'' in Chatenay-Malabry The new hospital opened on 28 November 2002 and was inaugurated on 14 May 2003 by Jean-François Mattei, Minister of Health, and Patrick Devedjian, Minister for Local Liberties. It employs 740 staff and 250 private doctors in 30 specialities. Antony also has the ''Erasmus'' public health facility. This psycho-therapeutic hospital is built in a 5.5-hectare park and opened its doors on 17 May 1982 in new premises. Since 1993 it has included 21 associated institutions from Île-de-France. This hospital specializes in the treatment of mental disorders in all ages. It aims primarily to accommodate the residents from the centre and south of the Hauts-de-Seine department. The tasks assigned to it are varied: prevention, diagnosis, care, teaching, and research. It employs 600 staff. Besides these two hospitals Antony has two specialised educational institutions: The ''Elizabeth Centre of Panouse-Debré'' (motor rehabilitation for very young children with physical disabilities) and the ''Psychotherapeutic Specialised Teaching Centre'' for children with serious mental disorders. There are also several specialised institutions such as the ''Alcoholic Cure Centre'' (alcohol and tobacco).

Sports

Numerous sports associations are grouped under the Antony Sports Council. There are 40 disciplines in 40 halls and stadiums with the main venues being: *the ''Municipal Stadium Georges-Suant'' (formerly called the ''Stadium Salvador Allende'') at Croix de Berny: *''Heller Park'' *the ''Velpeau stadium'' *the ''Lionel Terray sports centre'' *the ''Pierre de Coubertin gymnasium'' *the ''Rabats gymnasium'' *the ''La Fontaine gymnasium'' *the ''André Malraux Centre'' *the ''Jacques Cadet enclosiure'' *the ''Anatole France gymnasium'' *the ''Pajeaud gymnasium'' *6 basketball courts with free access *sports facilities in the Parc de Sceaux *halls and tennis courts in the University Residence *the Pony Club *a bowling alley *a skate Park *3 swimming pools (Lionel-Terray, Iris, Grenouillère) Every year in July, Antony organises an International Disabled sports tournament in the Parc de Sceaux (Grenouillère) which attracts the best players in the world. Among the sports clubs at the end of the 2011–2012 season ''Antony Athletics 92'', with 492 members and had 5 sections, moved to N1C (among 60 best French clubs) which made it the 2nd club in Hauts-de-Seine, 9th in Île-de-France and 69th of 1729 in the national rankings. The ''Antony Sports Rugby'' club plays in

Fédérale 3 Fédérale 3 is the seventh division of rugby union in France. The competition involves 226 clubs in 21 pools of 8, and winners can progress up into higher division of competition. The competition above Fédérale 3 is Fédérale 2 and above that, ...

. The ''Antony Sport Football Association'', founded in 1948, is an official partner of the Paris Saint-Germain Football Club and plays in the regional football league (DSR). Antony - Tour de France 2006

In 1928 at the sports complex called ''Stadium of the croix de Berny'' or "Sports Union Metropolitan": Gaston Vrolix, chief engineer of the RATP, created the Metropolitan Sports Union (currently USMT). He built a sports complex on the site of part of the former racetrack at La Croix de Berny where he transformed stables into locker rooms. The first phase was started in 1928 along the RN186 and included: football, rugby, hockey, basketball, tennis, a swimming pool, playground, gym, and a shooting range. The second phase was built around 1932 to the north: rugby pitches, tennis courts, and an athletic stadium. The third phase included a fronton for basque pelota and a velodrome was built in 1938 by a Dutch architect (a replica in concrete of the wooden Vigorelli track in

Milan Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city h ...

). This velodrome had to be rebuilt to accommodate cycling events in case the city of Paris was chosen for the 1992 Summer Olympics. The new local plan, adopted in 2008, includes the construction in a portion of this site of office buildings to finance the rehabilitation of all sports facilities of the USMT. The rugby team

Racing Métro 92 Racing 92 () is a French rugby union club based in suburban Paris that was formed in 2001 with the collaboration of the Racing Club de France and US Métro. They were called Racing Métro 92 between 2001 and 2015, when they changed the name to ...

was born from the collaboration of the

Racing Club de France Racing Club de France, also known as RCF, is a French Sports club, omnisport club that was founded on 20 April 1882 under the name Racing Club. Racing Club changed its name to Racing Club de France (RCF) on 21 November 1885. The club is located a ...

and the U.S. METRO which played its matches in the

Top 14 The Top 14 () is a professional rugby union club competition that is played in France. Created in 1892, the Top 14 is at the top of the national league system operated by the French National Rugby League, also known by its French initialism o ...

Colombes Colombes () is a commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. In 2019, Colombes was the 53rd largest city in France. Name The name Colombes comes from Latin ''columna'' (Old French ''colombe'') ...

and trained at the Croix de Berny for several years before recently joining

. The

Tour de France The Tour de France () is an annual men's multiple-stage bicycle race primarily held in France, while also occasionally passing through nearby countries. Like the other Grand Tours (the Giro d'Italia and the Vuelta a España), it consists ...

passed through the streets of Antony in July 1999, July 2007, and in 2010. It was a "stage-town" for the beginning of the 20th stage of the Tour in 2006.

Media

Besides the traditional "paper" version, since October 2006 the city has published the magazine in an audio version (on CD) for the blind or visually impaired. A wired network distributing radio broadcasting services and television has covered the city since 1988. Following the advent of digital terrestrial television, the

CSA CSA may refer to: Arts and media * Canadian Screen Awards, annual awards given by the Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television * Commission on Superhuman Activities, a fictional American government agency in Marvel Comics * Crime Syndicate of Amer ...

has chosen channels to broadcast via TNT-Île-de-France: channel 21 sharing Demain IDF, BDM TV, Cinaps TV, Télé Bocal; channel 22 IDF1; channel 23 NRJ Paris (ex-LTF); and channel 24

Cap 24 Cap 24 was a French regional television channel, available in Paris and Île-de-France region, broadcasting from the Eiffel Tower. It began broadcasting on 20 March 2008. History On 5 June 2007, the Conseil supérieur de l'audiovisuel (CSA) gave ...

(ex-Côté Seine). Since 24 September 2007 the commune can also receive through TNT the Group France Télévisions chain:

France Ô France Ô () was a French free-to-air television channel featuring programming from the French overseas departments and collectivities in Metropolitan France. It was part of the France Télévisions group. Its overseas counterpart is Outre-Mer ...

, available on channel 20. In October 2007 Antony communes established a Wi-Fi network: internet terminals are accessible to all and allow free connection in various public places. Antony has several local newspapers. The weekly newspaper ''Antony-Hebdo'' is the newspaper of the municipal opposition led by André Aubry, a former senator for Hauts-de-Seine and former PCF mayor of Antony. This newspaper is allowed to publish judicial and legal notices in the Arrondissement of Antony. The periodical ''Présence'' (Journal of Catholic communities of Antony) is distributed three times a year in all mailboxes. One of the groups of the municipal opposition ''Antony Plus'' publishes ''Antony Public Place'' (formerly: ''Agora''). Three times a year a local association publishes the ''Journal de la Fontaine St-Ex'' The "Primaveras" Association publishes a monthly newspaper in the Marne quarter.

Religion

Antony has

Catholic The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

Protestant Protestantism is a Christian denomination, branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Reformation, Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century agai ...

Jewish Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...

, and

Muslim Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...

places of worship.

Catholic worship

Since January 2010 Antony commune has been part of the

deanery A deanery (or decanate) is an ecclesiastical entity in the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Anglican Communion, the Evangelical Church in Germany, and the Church of Norway. A deanery is either the jurisdiction or residenc ...

of Pointe Sud, one of the nine deaneries of the

Diocese of Nanterre The Roman Catholic Diocese of Nanterre (Latin: ''Dioecesis Nemptodurensis''; French: ''Diocèse de Nanterre'') is a diocese of the Latin Church of the Roman Catholic Church in France. Erected in 1966, the diocese was split off from the Diocese o ...

. Within this deanery, the places of Catholic worship relate to the four

parish A parish is a territorial entity in many Christian denominations, constituting a division within a diocese. A parish is under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of a priest, often termed a parish priest, who might be assisted by one or m ...

es of Montrouge. Places of worship are: *for the parish of Saint-Saturnin: the Church of Saint-Saturnin, the Sainte-Odile Church, Chapel of Saint Mary Mother of the Church *for the parish of Saint-Francis:Parish of Saint-Jean-Porte-Latine
Deanery of Antony website, consulted on 17 January 2009 . the church of St. Francis *for the parish of Saint-Jean-Porte-latine: the church of Saint-Jean-Porte-Latine and the Chapel Sainte-Jeanne de Chantal *for the parish of Saint-Maxime: Church Saint-Maxime. Also places of worship exist within religious communities located in Antony: *

Little Sisters of the Assumption The Little Sisters of the Assumption is a Roman Catholic religious institute founded in France in 1865 by Antoinette Fage (Marie of Jesus) (1824–1883) and Father Etienne Pernet. The declared work of the congregation is the nursing of the sick ...

*the Marianists *

* Sisters of Saint-Raphaël (Our Lady of Charity) Finally there is a community of Vietnamese sisters.

Protestant worship

An Evangelical Baptist Church brings together the

Baptist Baptists form a major branch of Protestantism distinguished by baptizing professing Christian believers only (believer's baptism), and doing so by complete immersion. Baptist churches also generally subscribe to the doctrines of soul compete ...

community in Antony. Neighbouring communes have places of worship for the communities related to the Reformed Church of France (in Chatenay-Malabry) and the Evangelical Lutheran Church of France (in

Jewish worship

synagogue A synagogue, ', 'house of assembly', or ', "house of prayer"; Yiddish: ''shul'', Ladino: or ' (from synagogue); or ', "community". sometimes referred to as shul, and interchangeably used with the word temple, is a Jewish house of worshi ...

managed by the Jewish Consistory of Paris Association is located in Antony.

Muslim worship

The Cultural Association of Muslims of Antony administers a mosque in Antony and the

Ismaili Isma'ilism ( ar, الإسماعيلية, al-ʾIsmāʿīlīyah) is a branch or sub-sect of Shia Islam. The Isma'ili () get their name from their acceptance of Imam Isma'il ibn Jafar as the appointed spiritual successor (imām) to Ja'far al-Sa ...

Cultural Association of Antony has a prayer hall.

Tenrikyo worship

A Tenrikyo temple of worship is present at Antony. Tenrikyo is an ideological and religious movement from Japan. It is considered by the info-sects website to be a Buddhist sect.

Sites and monuments

A large number of buildings and sites are registered as historical monuments. Below are some of the highlights of the heritage of Antony.

Civil Heritage

The former Royal Manufactory of Waxes (1714)Ministry of Culture, Mérimée whose exact name was ''Manufacture d'Antony pour le blanchissage des cires & la fabrique des bougies'' (Manufacture of Antony for laundering of waxes & candle factory) is located at 14 Avenue du Bois-de-Verrières. The factory was founded in 1702 by ''Péan de Saint-Gilles'' and it became a royal factory in 1719. Its motto was ''Deo, regique laborant'' meaning "they (the drones) work for God and the King. The original building was built in 1714 where wax and tallow candles were produced for the

Court of Versailles A court is any person or institution, often as a government institution, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties and carry out the administration of justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in accordanc ...

and other castles in the area. The enterprise left Antony for

and still exists under the name of "Cire

". The building is now occupied by the

who settled there in 1890. The factory was built on this site to use the high quality water from the rivers which allowed candles to be produced with an exceptional whiteness. Maison StJean

The Maison Saint-Jean (House of Saint John) (1806)Ministry of Culture, Mérimée is a former ''Chénier property'' called ''La Belle Levantine''. This building was built by Louis-Sauveur Chénier, the youngest son of Louis Chénier, and brother of

from plans by architect Georges Auguste Ranchon. In 1820 the house was purchased by

Jean-Charles Persil Jean-Charles Persil (13 October 1785 – 10 July 1870) was a French politician. He was Minister of Justice and Religious Affairs (1834–1837) during the July Monarchy, a peer of France (1839) and Councillor of State (1852). Early years Jean-Cha ...

, a Minister under Louis-Philippe, who died in 1870. In 1880, it became the property of four Parisian priests who, in 1898, built a building of brick and stone to serve as a

Marianist The Society of Mary ( la, Societas Mariae) abbreviated SM is a clerical religious congregation of Pontifical Right for men (brothers and priests) commonly called the Marianists or Marianist Brothers and Priests. Its members add the nominal l ...

seminary. After the expulsion of the Marianists the building was transformed into a guesthouse. The property was bought by the Marianists in 1965 to build the buildings for the ''Institution Sainte-Marie d'Antony''.

Religious Heritage

Religious architectural heritage is rich in Antony from a historical perspective with the Church of Saint-Saturnin having the oldest parts in Île-de-France dating from the

Carolingian The Carolingian dynasty (; known variously as the Carlovingians, Carolingus, Carolings, Karolinger or Karlings) was a Frankish noble family named after Charlemagne, grandson of mayor Charles Martel and a descendant of the Arnulfing and Pippin ...

period through to churches with modern architecture. The Church of Saint-SaturninMinistry of Culture, Mérimée is "Located in an attractive square planted with linden trees on the site of the old cemetery, the church of Saint-Saturnin has a triple interest: historical, archaeological and artistic". Inside, in addition to the wash stand from the

period, there are stained glass windows from the late 19th - early 20th centuries. The

choir A choir ( ; also known as a chorale or chorus) is a musical ensemble of singers. Choral music, in turn, is the music written specifically for such an ensemble to perform. Choirs may perform music from the classical music repertoire, which ...

is from the end of the 12th century, the bell tower from the 14th, the

nave The nave () is the central part of a church, stretching from the (normally western) main entrance or rear wall, to the transepts, or in a church without transepts, to the chancel. When a church contains side aisles, as in a basilica-type ...

from the 15th century, and the south chapel is modern. The belfry supports four bells: the oldest, Charlotte Genevieve, from 1730. This monument has been undergoing major renovations in recent years. The

rectory A clergy house is the residence, or former residence, of one or more priests or ministers of religion. Residences of this type can have a variety of names, such as manse, parsonage, rectory or vicarage. Function A clergy house is typically ow ...

, on the church square, was restored in 1989. This church has been classified as a historical monument since 19 October 1928. In the "Holy Mary Mother of the Church" chapel of the ''Institution Sainte-Marie d'Antony'', built in 1968 to plans by architects ''Georges Dengler'' and ''Zunz'', there is a very large openwork brick wall - the work of master glassmaker ''Henri Martin-Granel'' and also a large ceramic mural 41 m2 in area, the work of ''Jacqueline Bechet-Ferber''. The church contains a large number of items that are registered as historical objects. The Church of Sainte-Jeanne-de-Chantal has a main building from the Colonial Exhibition of 1931. So that it would not be confused with the church of Sainte-Jeanne-de-Chantal in Paris, the qualifier "hors-le-murs" (Outside the Walls) was added to clarify that it was not within the walls of Paris. This building was renovated in 1954. The Church of Saint-Jean-Porte-Latine (1967) was built between 1964 and 1967 on the plans of architects ''Pierre Pinsard'' and ''Hugo Vollmar''. The church was consecrated to Catholic worship on 21 May 1967. It is dedicated to Saint Jean-Porte-latine, patron saint of the publishing industry. The "Urban signal", surmounted by a giant cross, was inaugurated on 6 January 2002. The Church of

Saint Francis of Assisi Giovanni di Pietro di Bernardone, better known as Saint Francis of Assisi ( it, Francesco d'Assisi; – 3 October 1226), was a Mysticism, mystic Italian Catholic Church, Catholic friar, founder of the Franciscans, and one of the most vener ...

was built in 1972 on the plans of architect Paul Henry by the ''Œuvre des Chantiers du Cardinal'' (Construction work of the Cardinal. It was dedicated to the Catholic faith on 7 October 1972 by Monseigneur Jacques Delarue, Bishop of Nanterre. The Church of Saint-Maxime was built from 1978 to 1980 by the ''Œuvre des Chantiers du Cardinal''. It is also designed by the architect Paul Henry and was dedicated to the Catholic faith on 16 November 1980 by Monseigneur Jacques Delarue. It contains a large Statue of Saint Maxime (1939) which is registered as an historical object. The Church of Sainte-Odile (1933) was built under the direction of architect Charles Venner by the ''Œuvre des Chantiers du Cardinal''. There is a Bas-relief of Saint Odile (1933) which is registered as an historical object. The Evangelical Baptist Church, of modern architecture with large windows, has been completely rebuilt under the development project of the Croix de Berny and inaugurated in March 2001.

Environmental heritage

The policy of protecting and enhancing the environment makes Antony one of the greenest communes in Île-de-France: besides the Parc de Sceaux, there are 750,000 m2 of parks, woods, and leafy lanes. Antony has been labelled a "flowery city" with two flowers awarded since 2002 by the ''National Council of flowered towns and villages of France'' in the competition for cities and villages in bloom.Lognes
, Flowery Towns and Villages website, consulted on 6 April 2012 . The land in the region is particularly well suited for Wisteria which covers the houses in spring, as well as

rose A rose is either a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus ''Rosa'' (), in the family Rosaceae (), or the flower it bears. There are over three hundred species and tens of thousands of cultivars. They form a group of plants that can be ...

s as in the names of the nearby communes of

and L'Haÿ-les-Roses. Antony has several parks - the largest of which are: *Parc de Sceaux (about 180 hectares of which 60 hectares are in the commune of Antony) *Heller Park (9.6 ha) *Raymond Sibille Park (1.4 ha) *Bourdeau Park (1.2 ha) *the green slopes of Godets (2.66 ha) and Paradis (2.2 ha) *the green slopes of TGV (7 ha) *Bois de Aurora (2.6 ha) These parks are planted with trees "remarkable" for their size, age, history, botanical rarity, or which are particularly elegant or picturesque. The city is planted with over 50 different species. Inside Heller Park is the ''Antony Farm'' which allows children to play with pigs, cows, goats, and sheep as well as chickens, geese, and rabbits. It is managed by the pony club.

Cultural heritage

At the beginning of the 20th century Antony had three cinemas including: *the Family Palace (2 rue de Fresnes), built in 1922, operated until 1981 *L'Artistic, built in 1928, municipalized in 1981 and renamed ''Le Sélect Louis-Daquin'' and classed as an ''Art et Essai'' cinema *the Ciné du Soleil-Levant (Cinema of the Rising Sun) (6 Rue du Soleil-Levant), built in 1930, renamed ''L'Eden'' in 1948, operated until the 1970s. Until the summer of 2011 the only remaining cinema was Le Sélect. In view of its growing attendance, 49,000 in 1983, 100,000 in 1995, in 1995 the city studied the replacement of the cinema hall with a set of four halls on the same site. Local associations wished to maintain an ambitious and quality program. The principle to rebuild the cinema was adopted by the City Council in April 1997 but, given the technical difficulties related to the environment, the project has not yet been completed. On 28 January 2008 the cinema was honoured by the profession when Christine Beauchemin-Flot, its director, received the trophy for the Operator of the Year. This trophy is awarded every year by '' Le Film français'', a weekly reference publication in the profession. Scenes from the film ''Né de père inconnu'' (Born from an unknown father) by Maurice Cloche (1950) were shot in the Paul Manchon day nursery (demolished in the early 2000s). In July 2011 ''Le Select'' closed for the beginning of construction of the new multiplex. Restarting of shows was planned for November of that year at the Firmin-Gémier Theatre but, on 29 September, the mayor announced to council that the auditorium was contaminated with

asbestos Asbestos () is a naturally occurring fibrous silicate mineral. There are six types, all of which are composed of long and thin fibrous crystals, each fibre being composed of many microscopic "fibrils" that can be released into the atmosphere b ...

and could not accommodate any film screenings, performances, or performing arts. Antony found itself without any major cultural venues until the construction of the new theatre and cinema was completed in 2013. On 10 June 2012 a short-lived cinema opened in the Pajeaud quarter between the COSOM gymnasium and the Iris pool near Heller Park. In an innovative concept, this temporary cinema of 205 seats will be dismantled when the town centre theatre opens. The current public library, built in 1990, has a large

Braille Braille (Pronounced: ) is a tactile writing system used by people who are visually impaired, including people who are Blindness, blind, Deafblindness, deafblind or who have low vision. It can be read either on Paper embossing, embossed paper ...

workshop, one of the few in France to offer a large selection of books free of charge to the blind. In 1995 the city was also equipped with a new bookmobile which can carry 2,500 books. The bookmobile serves eleven stops in all quarters of Antony. Antony has a conservatory (dependent on the Agglomeration Community of Hauts-de-Bièvre), approved by the Darius Milhaud State Conservatory, that every year has more than 1,250 students supervised by a teaching faculty of more than 70 teachers. Its main mission is to discover, appreciate, and learn music, dance, and drama as part of courses of study in different departments. The conservatory was opened on 7 December 1996. Tributes were paid to Darius Milhaud, the "godfather" of the temple of music as well as

Paul Arma Paul Arma (Hungarian language, Hungarian: Arma Pál, aka ''Amrusz Pál''; né Weisshaus Imre; 22 November 1905, in Budapest – 28 November 1987, in Paris) was a Hungarian-French pianist, composer, and ethnomusicologist. Arma studied under B ...

, a famous composer who lived in Antony and who the auditorium is named after. In 1967 Georges Suant, a theatre with 500 seats, and the Firmin-Gémier theatre, were installed in the hall built in 1930 on the ''Place du Marché'' after making some improvements including the provision of seats in the gods. The first director was ''Jacques Sarthou'', then the director of the ''Théâtre de l'Île-de-France''. Often referred to as the spiritual son of ''Firmin Gémier'', given his similar experience in a traveling theatre, he hoped that this new theatre would take his name. Several very creative directors were then appointed to the theatre: ''Jean Rougerie'' appointed in 1972, ''Pierrette Garreau'' and ''Marc Ansel'' in 1979, ''Gérard Savoisien'' in 1984, ''René Chéneaux'' in 1991, ''François Kergourlay'' in 1995, and ''Marc Jeancourt'' in 2000. All these directors brought to Antony a cultural life that has quickly found a loyal following. In 2003 a "circus space", national stage, was created where the Big Tops of "new circuses" performed regularly. A ''Scène conventionnée'', as part of the Agglomeration Community of Hauts-de-Bièvre, the Firmin Gémier theatre was associated in 2007 with the ''Théâtre La Piscine'' of Chatenay-Malabry. The Spartan character and the inconvenient nature of infrastructure contrasted with the wealth of programming. In September 2011, following the discovery of asbestos in the premises, the theatre closed quickly and permanently. The construction of a new hall is planned near the municipal library. Located in the Bourdeau Park, the "Maison des Arts" has free entrance and is dedicated to exhibitions with artistic programming, introductory workshops, and awareness for children.

Suburban Quarters

Much of Antony consists of suburban districts. These homes were mostly built in the late 19th and early 20th centuries shortly after the arrival of the Arpajonnais railway that transformed a self-sufficient agricultural village into a small market garden town then a residential town. Among these new houses, the houses on the Avenue Gabriel Peri were especially typical of the

style dating from 1890 to 1895. The subdivision of "New Antony" was designed by the architect Anatole de Baudot (who had already designed the

Lycée Lakanal Lycée Lakanal is a public secondary school in Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine, France, in the Paris metropolitan area. It was named after Joseph Lakanal, a French politician, and an original member of the Institut de France. The school also offers a midd ...

in Sceaux). Despite the new demographic development in the 1950s, Antony has so far maintained a largely suburban character. In the late 2000s the urban planning policy vis-à-vis this heritage became a significant issue. In June 2009 the city began to demolish houses on the Boulevard Pierre-Brossolette then published in October 2009 a plan for alignment of the Avenue Gabriel-Peri that should eventually lead to the demolition of other houses. These urbanisation operations have been challenged by residents and local associations.

Cultural events and festivities

In addition to the performances at the Firmin-Gémier theatre in the Chénier Grand Hall of the Institution Sainte-Marie notably by the

Orchestre national d'Île-de-France The Orchestre national d'Île-de-France is a French symphony orchestra with its administrative base in Alfortville. The orchestra, made up of ninety-five permanent musicians, gives around a hundred concerts each season, thus offering Ile-de-France ...

(National Orchestra of Île-de-France) there are also regular concerts in the Auditorium of the Conservatory and at temporary exhibitions where many events are organized. The main cultural events and festivities in the city of Antony are: *February: the Antiques fair held since 1987 *March: the International Meeting of the Guitar organized since 1993 *April: The Half-Marathon of Antony since 1989 *May: **events on the occasion of

Europe Day Europe Day is a day celebrating "peace and unity in Europe" celebrated on 5 May by the Council of Europe and on 9 May by the European Union. The first recognition of Europe Day was by the Council of Europe, introduced in 1964. The European Un ...

on 9 May as the city is very involved with the European Movement (including Patrick Devedjian, who was vice president until 2002) in the organization of this day for all Europe. **Bulles dans la ville (Bubbles in the city): a festive day dedicated to

Comics a medium used to express ideas with images, often combined with text or other visual information. It typically the form of a sequence of panels of images. Textual devices such as speech balloons, captions, and onomatopoeia can indicate ...

since 2004 **the Village of nature and garden *June: **the Solstice Festival: Since 2001 oriented towards circus arts and the street, the principle of this festival, organized with the town of Chatenay-Malabry, is to transform the two cities into a giant theatre. **Bubbles in the City: this day devoted to comics is the occasion of meetings with writers and designers, young talent show, and outdoor screenings. *July and August: **the International Handicapped Tennis Tournament: the first handicapped tennis tournament organized in Europe every year since 1986, it brings together the best male and female players of the NEC Wheelchair Tennis Tour. *September: **the Wine and Cheese Fair since 1987. This fair lasts three days and brings together 200 exhibitors from all parts of France in the Saint-Saturnin quarter with a wealth of local French cheeses and wines as well as meats, foie gras, and sweets. This major event of the season receives over 100,000 visitors. **Antony takes part in Heritage Day with a different theme each year **the Carousel of Art, an open-air gallery where Antonians exhibit their works of any nature whatsoever. *October: **the Forum of Associations **the Science Festival since 1997 **the Biennale since 1999 presenting the work of artists from Antony *November: The Pace Jazz Festival since 2005

Notable people

(1785–1870), politician, Minister of Justice and Religious Affairs, lived and died here *

Alfred-Armand-Louis-Marie Velpeau Alfred-Armand-Louis-Marie Velpeau (18 May 1795 – 24 August 1867) was a French anatomist and surgeon. Biography A native of Brèches, Indre-et-Loire, he served as a student and assistant to Pierre Bretonneau (1778-1862) in Tours. In 1823 he ...

(1795–1867), anatomist and surgeon *

Richard Guino Richard Guino (in Catalan Ricard Guinó i Boix; May 26, 1890 – February, 1973) was a French sculptor of Catalan origin. His work is an ode to femininity which revives the Mediterranean ideal of beauty. Richard Guino brings about a synth ...

(1890–1973), French-Catalan sculptor, lived here *

Flaminio Bertoni Flaminio Bertoni ( Masnago, Italy, 10 January 1903 – Paris, France, 7 February 1964) was an Italian automobile designer from the years preceding World War II until his death in 1964. Before his work in industrial design, Bertoni was a sculptor. W ...

(1903–1964), Italian car designer and sculptor, lived here *

(1904–1987), French-Hungarian composer, lived here *

Louise Bourgeois Louise Joséphine Bourgeois (; 25 December 191131 May 2010) was a French-American artist. Although she is best known for her large-scale sculpture and installation art, Bourgeois was also a prolific painter and printmaker. She explored a varie ...

(1911–2010), sculptor, lived here * Georges Nomarski (1919–1997), French-Polish scientist, lived here *

Madeleine Lebeau Marie Madeleine Berthe Lebeau (10 June 1923 – 1 May 2016) was a French film actress who also appeared in American films, most notably ''Casablanca''. Early life Lebeau married actor Marcel Dalio in 1939; it was his second marriage. They had m ...

(1923–2016) actress * John Berger (1926–2017), English artist and writer, lived here *

René Desmaison René Desmaison (April 14, 1930, in Bourdeilles, Dordogne – September 28, 2007) was a veteran French mountaineer, climber and alpinist. Desmaison had climbed more than 1,000 mountains since the 1950s. He made the first ascent of 114 previo ...

(1930–2007), climber, lived here * Patrick Devedjian (1944–2020), politician, mayor of Antony in 1983–2002, Minister under

Jacques Chirac Jacques René Chirac (, , ; 29 November 193226 September 2019) was a French politician who served as President of France from 1995 to 2007. Chirac was previously Prime Minister of France from 1974 to 1976 and from 1986 to 1988, as well as Ma ...

and

Philippe Duron Philippe Duron (born 19 June 1947) is a French politician. He was the mayor of Caen between 2008 and 2014 and deputy for Calvados's 1st constituency. Philippe Duron received a degree in history in 1975 and was a teacher until 1997. His polit ...

(born 1947), politician *

Jérôme Cahuzac Jérôme André Cahuzac (; born 19 June 1952) is a French surgeon and former politician who served as Minister of the Budget at the Ministry of the Economy and Finance under President François Hollande from 2012 to 2013. A former member of ...

(born 1952), surgeon and politician, attended a school here * (1959–1999), guitarist of the band Indochine *

Nicola Sirkis Nicolas Henri Didier Sirchis (; born 22 June 1959), better known by his stage name Nicola Sirkis, is the frontman and singer of the French rock band Indochine (band), Indochine. He is the only remaining member of the original line-up of the band ...

(born 1959), frontman and singer of Indochine *

Élie Semoun Élie Semoun (born Élie Semhoun on 16 October 1963) is a French comedian, actor, director, writer and singer. Life and career Élie Semoun was born in France, to a Sephardic Jewish family of Moroccan-Jewish and Algerian-Jewish descent. In 1 ...

(born 1963), comedian and actor * Agnès Jaoui (born 1964), screenwriter, film director and actress * Laurent Lafforgue (born 1966), mathematician *

Didier Drogba Didier Yves Drogba Tébily (; born 11 March 1978) is an Ivorian retired professional footballer who played as a striker. He is the all-time top scorer and former captain of the Ivory Coast national team. He is best known for his career at ...

(born 1978), footballer, lived in the Baconnets quarter *

Ibrahim Koma Ibrahim Koma (born 5 November 1987) is a French actor. He began his career as a child actor in the film ''We Need a Holiday'' (2002) and the soap opera ''Sous le soleil'' (2002–2008). He has since starred in the films ''Asphalt Playground'' (20 ...

(born 1987), actor, grew up in the Baconnets quarter *

Lucas Hauchard Lucas Hauchard (born 27 January 1996), known professionally as Squeezie, is a French YouTuber. He is the most well-known francophone gamer with over 17 million subscribers and 9 billion views. He specialises in Let's Play commentaries and vlog ...

(born 1996), content creator

Iconography (photos)

See . The photographer Robert Doisneau immortalized Antony's streets in his report "The marriage of Paul and Odette" on 8 January 1944.The Marriage of Paul and Odette (Mango Editions)
3 May 2007, livresphotos.com, consulted on 27 June 2009 . Besides the photos in the Commons gallery (only in French)
this website
includes many pictures of Antony.

Bibliography

*Collective work, ''Listening Point'', Service municipal de la jeunesse de la ville d'Antony, 1978 *Thérèse Chenot, Anne Fontaine, Jeannine Héreil, Françoise Libbe, Alix Pouzet and Marie-Claude Watrin, ''Antony, from its origins to today'', éditions Connaissance d'Antony, 1987 () *Anne Fontaine and Françoise Libbe, ''Saint-Saturnin of Antony'', 1992 () *Lucien Baclé, Bicycle rides around the western and southern communes of Châtenay-Malabry, Antony, Verrières-le-Buisson, Massy: 17 circuits from 10 to 45 km, on pleasant secondary roads, éditions L. Baclé, 1996 *Yvonne Firino, ''Antony five centuries of street and place names'', Association for the promotion of heritage of Antony, éditions APPA, 1998 () *Micheline Olivier, ''The Chapel Sainte-Marie Mère of the Church of Sainte-Marie of Antony'', The sacred art at Sainte-Marie, 2002 *Jean-Pierre Tarin, ''The Notables of the First Empire: their residences in Île-de-France'', éditions Terana, 2002

References

External links

City of Antony website

The streets of Antony

Antony on Géoportail
National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
''Antony'' on the 1750 Cassini Map
{{DEFAULTSORT:Antony, Hauts-De-Seine Communes of Hauts-de-Seine Subprefectures in France