Studenten Rijksacademie Amsterdam 1882-1883

Amsterdam Impressionism was an

art movement An art movement is a tendency or style in art with a specific common philosophy or goal, followed by a group of artists during a specific period of time, (usually a few months, years or decades) or, at least, with the heyday of the movement defi ...

in late 19th-century Holland. It is associated especially with

George Hendrik Breitner George Hendrik Breitner (12 September 1857 – 5 June 1923) was a Dutch painter and photographer. An important figure in Amsterdam Impressionism, he is noted especially for his paintings of street scenes and harbours in a realistic style. He pa ...

and is also known as the ''School of Allebé''. The innovative ideas about painting of the French

Impressionists Impressionism was a 19th-century art movement characterized by relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes, open Composition (visual arts), composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often accentuating ...

were introduced into the Netherlands by the artists of the

Hague School The Hague School is a group of artists who lived and worked in The Hague between 1860 and 1890. Their work was heavily influenced by the realist painters of the French Barbizon school. The painters of the Hague school generally made use of relati ...

. This new style of painting was also adopted in Amsterdam by the young generation of artists of the late 19th century. Like their French colleagues, these Amsterdam painters put their impressions onto canvas with rapid, visible strokes of the brush. They focused on depicting the everyday life of the city.

Origins

Breitner studied for four-and-a-half years at the Royal Academy,

The Hague The Hague ( ; nl, Den Haag or ) is a city and municipality of the Netherlands, situated on the west coast facing the North Sea. The Hague is the country's administrative centre and its seat of government, and while the official capital o ...

and came into contact with artists of the Hague School such as

Jozef Israëls Jozef Israëls (27 January 1824 – 12 August 1911) was a Dutch painter. He was a leading member of the group of landscape painters referred to as the Hague School and, during his lifetime, "the most respected Dutch artist of the second half o ...

Jacob Maris Jacob Hendricus Maris (August 25, 1837 – August 7, 1899) was a Dutch painter, who with his brothers Willem and Matthijs belonged to what has come to be known as the Hague School of painters. He was considered to be the most important and influen ...

and

Anton Mauve Anthonij "Anton" Rudolf Mauve (18 September 18385 February 1888) was a Dutch realist painter who was a leading member of the Hague School. He signed his paintings 'A. Mauve' or with a monogrammed 'A.M.'. A master colorist, he was a very signific ...

, joining the

Pulchri Studio Pulchri Studio (Latin:"For the study of beauty") is a Dutch art society, art institution and art studio based in The Hague ('s-Gravenhage), Netherlands. This institute began in 1847 at the home of painter Lambertus Hardenberg. Since 1893 the c ...

. Nevertheless his painting style was always too free to be realist in nature, a hallmark of the Hague School. In 1884 he moved briefly to Paris, coming into contact with

impressionism Impressionism was a 19th-century art movement characterized by relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes, open composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage ...

, and on his return he settled in Amsterdam where he became noted for his free and energetic depictions of urban life. Other Amsterdam Impressionists were Floris Verster,

Isaac Israëls Isaac Lazarus Israëls (3 February 1865 – 7 October 1934) was a Dutch painter associated with the Amsterdam Impressionism movement. Biography The son of Jozef Israëls, one of the most respected painters of the Hague School, and Aleid ...

, Willem Bastiaan Tholen, Kees Heynsius,

Willem de Zwart Wilhelmus "Willem" Hendrikus Petrus Johannes de Zwart (16 May 1862 The Hague – 11 December 1931 The Hague) was a Dutch painter, engraver, and watercolorist with many connections to the Hague School and later associated with the Amsterda ...

, Willem Witsen and Jan Toorop, the last an associate of the Belgian painter

James Ensor James Sidney Edouard, Baron Ensor (13 April 1860 – 19 November 1949) was a Belgian painter and printmaker, an important influence on expressionism and surrealism who lived in Ostend for most of his life. He was associated with the artistic g ...

and a member of the Brussels

Les XX ''Les XX'' ( French; "''Les Vingt''"; ; ) was a group of twenty Belgian painters, designers and sculptors, formed in 1883 by the Brussels lawyer, publisher, and entrepreneur Octave Maus. For ten years, they held an annual exhibition of their ar ...

. Also included in the movement are a group of late-impressionist woman artists called the ''

Amsterdamse Joffers The Amsterdamse Joffers were a group of women artists who met weekly in Amsterdam at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century. They supported each other in their professional careers. Most of them were students of the Rijksakademie ...

'', whose members included

Lizzy Ansingh Maria Elisabeth Georgina Ansingh (13 March 1875 – 14 December 1959) was a Dutch painter. Ansingh belonged to a group of female post-impressionist painters influenced by the Amsterdam Impressionism movement called the '' Amsterdamse Joffers''. ...

and

Suze Bisschop-Robertson Suze Robertson (17 December 1855 – 18 October 1922) was a Dutch painter. She belonged to a group of artists known as the Amsterdamse Joffers. Biography Suze Robertson was born to a family of merchants. Her mother died when she was two and she ...

Artists

This artists belong to the 2. generation of the Netherlands Impressionism. The Influence of their work was important on the subsequent movement of modern art in the 20th century. * Pieter Florentius Nicolaas Jacobus Arntzenius (1864-1925) * Johan Braakensiek (1858-1940) * Nicolaas Bastert (1854-1939) * Cornelius de Bruin (1870-1940) *

(1857-1923) * Dirk van Haaren (1878-1953) * Kees Heynsius (1890-1981) *

Richard Roland Holst Richard Nicolaüs Roland Holst (4 December 1868, Amsterdam - 31 December 1938, Bloemendaal) was a Dutch painter, draftsman, lithographer, book cover designer, etcher and writer. Many of his works were in a modified Symbolist style. Life and work ...

(1868-1938) *

(1865-1934) * Hendrik Maarten Krabbé (1868-1931) *

Jacobus van Looy Jacobus (Jac) van Looy (12 September 1855 – 24 February 1930) was a Dutch painter and writer. Biography Van Looy was the son of a carpenter, but his father lost his job when his eyesight began to fail. His mother died when he was five y ...

(1855-1930) *

Johan Thorn Prikker Johan Thorn Prikker (6 June 1868, The Hague - 5 March 1932, Cologne) was a Dutch artist who worked in Germany after 1904. His activities were very eclectic, including architecture, lithography, furniture, stained-glass windows, mosaics, tapestries ...

(1868-1932) *

Hobbe Smith Hobbe Smith (7 December 1862, Witmarsum – 1 May 1942, Amsterdam) was a Dutch painter, watercolorist and graphic designer, in the Post-Impressionist style. Biography His father was a house painter and he was apprenticed to a lithographer at ...

(1862-1942) * Willem Bastiaan Tholen (1860-1931) * Johannes Theodorus Toorop (1858-1928) * Floris Verster (1864-1925) * Jan Hillebrand Wijsmuller (1855-1925) * Willem Witsen (1860-1923) *

(1862-1931)

Gallery

File:Markt met bloemenstalletjes Rijksmuseum SK-A-3724.jpeg, Floris Arntzenius (undated): ''Marktet with flower stalls'', Rijksmuseum Amsterdam. File:Floris Arntzenius - Spuistraat, Den Haag.jpg, Floris Arntzenius (undated): ''Spuistraat in Den Haag'', private collection. File:Hartjesdag.jpg, Johan Coenraad Braakensiek (1926): ''Hartjesdag'', Amsterdam Museum. File:Bastert Huis ten Hoorn, Rijswijk.jpg, Nicolaas Bastert (1900): ''Huis ten Hoorn'', Rijswijk, private collection. File:Bastert Veerpont aan de Vecht.jpg, Nicolaas Bastert (1890): ''Veerpont aan de Vecht'', private collection. File:George Hendrik Breitner - Avond op de Dam in Amsterdam.JPG, George Hendrik Breitner (1890): ''Avond op de Dam in Amsterdam'', Royal Museum of fine Arts Antwerp. File:George Hendrik Breitner - Girl in a Red Kimono (Geesje Kwak).jpg, George Hendrik Breitner (1893/95): ''Girl in a Red Kimono'' - Geisha Kwak, private collection. File:George Hendrik Breitner - Girl in a Kimono.jpg, George Hendrik Breitner (1883/88): ''Cavalry'', Gemeentemuseum Den Haag. File:Breitner Singelbrug foto.jpg, Georg Hendrik Breitner (1893): ''Singelbrug at Amsterdam'', private collection. File:Breitner3.jpg, Georg Hendrik Breitner (1890): ''Singelbrug at the Paleisstraat, Amsterdam'', private collection. File:Two servants.jpg, Georg Hendrik Breitner (1890): ''Two servants'', Teylers Museum Haarlem. File:Dirk van Haaren 1.jpg, Dirk van Haaren (undated): ''Spring at a creek'', private collection. File:On the market, Brabant by Heinrich Marten Krabbé.jpg, Heinrich Marten Krabbé (1894): ''Scene at the market of Brabant'', private collection. File:Van Looy Café.jpg, Jacobus van Looy (1890/95): ''Café'', Franz-Hals-Museum Haarlem. File:Looy Zomerweelde.jpg, Jacobus van Looy (1890): ''Oranjefest'', private collection. File:SA 622-Gezicht op het IJ naar het oosten, met de dokken van de Amsterdamsche Droogdok Maatschappij en de kop van het IJ-eiland-Havengezicht van Amsterdam.jpg, Hobbe Smith (1900): ''Gezicht op het IJ naar het oosten, met de dokken van de Amsterdamsche Droogdok Maatschappij en de kop van het IJ-eiland-Havengezicht van Amsterdam'', Amsterdam Museum. File:Smith Tjalk.jpg, Hobbe Smith (1900): ''Tjalk under sail leaving the port of Amsterdam'', private collection. File:SA 1308-Gezicht op de IJhaven en de Javakade naar het westen, met een “blauwpijper” van de Nederlandsche Stoomvaart Maatschappij Oceaan-Havengezicht het IJ ten zuiden v-d Handelskade.jpg, Hobbe Smith (1913): ''Gezicht op de IJhaven en de Javakade naar het westen, met een "blauwpijper" van de Nederlandsche Stoomvaart Maatschappij Oceaan-Havengezicht het IJ ten zuiden v-d Handelskade'', Amsterdam Museum. File:Zeegezicht met vissersschuiten Rijksmuseum SK-A-3566.jpeg, Willem Bastiaan Tholen (1910): Zeegezicht met vissersschuiten, Rijksmuseum Amsterdam. File:Willem Bastiaan Tholen - Zomers riviergezicht met zeilschepen.jpg, Willem Bastiaan Tholen (1904): ''Zomers riviergezicht met zeilschepen'', private collection. File:Willem Bastiaan Tholen -The Slaughterhouse Sun.jpg, Willem Bastiaan Tholen (before 1931): ''Sun at the slaughterhouse'', Rijksmuseum Amsterdam. File:De schelpenvisser Rijksmuseum SK-A-3349.jpeg, Jan Toorop (1904): ''De schelpenvisser'', Rijksmuseum Amsterdam. File:Toorop Dame in wit.jpg, Jan Toorop (1886): ''Lady in white'' (his wife Annie Hall), private collection. File:Graanbeurs, sectieltableaux Toorop - Amsterdam - 20011187 - RCE.jpg, Johannes Theodorus Toorop: ''Graanbeurs, sectieltableaux'' Toorop - Amsterdam. File:Floris Verster - Winters gezicht op dorpje aan het water.jpg, Floris Hendrik Verster (undated): ''Winter face of a village on the waterfront'', private collection. File:Floris Verster, Stilleven met zinnia's in een gemberpot.jpg, Floris Hendrik Verster (1910): ''Stilleven met zinnia's in een gemberpot'', Rijksmuseum Amsterdam. File:JH Wijsmuller - Markt bij de Noorderkerk in Amsterdam.jpg, Jan Hillebrand Wijsmuller (1900): ''Market at the Noorderkerk'', Amsterdam, private collection. File:JH Wijsmuller - Het uitzetten van de fuiken.jpg, Jan Hillebrand Wijsmuller (1900): ''Deploying the traps'', private collection. File:A winter landscape with houses along a canal by Jan Hillebrand Wijsmuller (1855-1925).jpg, Jan Hillebrand Wijsmuller (undated): ''Winter landscape with houses along a canal'', private collection. File:Willem Witsen 001.jpg, Willem Witsen (1908): ''Waiting Cabs'', London, Museum Boijmans Beuningen Rotterdam. File:Willem Witsen - Pakhuizen aan een Amsterdamse gracht op Uilenburg.jpg, Willem Witsen (undated): ''Pakhuizen aan een Amsterdamse gracht op Uilenburg'', private collection. File:Witsen.jpg, Willem Witsen (1891): ''Prins Hendrikkade te Amsterdam''. File:Willem Witsen - Portrait of Felicien Bobeldijk.jpg, Willem Witsen (1900): ''Portrait von Felicien Bobeldijk'', private collection. File:Willem de Zwart - De gevallen engel.jpg, Willem de Zwart (1885/1931): ''The fallen Angel'', Rijksmuseum. File:Willem de Zwart (1862-1931) - Still Life (Unknown).jpg, Willem de Zwart (1880/90): ''Still life with apples on tray in Delft Blue'', Rijksmuseum Amsterdam. File:Willem de Zwart - Straat in Montmartre, Parijs, bij winter.jpg, Willem de Zwart (1890): ''Street at Montmartre in the Winter'', Rijksmuseum Amsterdam.

Amsterdamse Joffers

(1875–1959) * Jo Bauer-Stumpff (1873–1951) * Ans van den Berg (1873–1942) * Nelly Bodenheim (1874–1951) * Marie van Regteren Altena (1868–1958) * Jacoba Johanna (Coba) Ritsema (1876–1961) *

(1855–1922) *

Thérèse Schwartze Thérèse Schwartze (20 December 185123 December 1918) was a Dutch portrait painter. Life Thérèse Schwartze was born on 20 December 1851 in Amsterdam in the Netherlands. She was the daughter of the painter Johan Georg Schwartze, who grew u ...

(1851–1918) *

Jacoba Surie Jacoba Surie (5 September 1879 – 5 February 1970) was a Dutch painter. Surie was born in Amsterdam and trained at the Rijksakademie van beeldende kunsten there, where she studied under Joseph Mendes da Costa. She was a member of Arti et Amic ...

(1879–1970) *

Betsy Westendorp-Osieck Betsy Westendorp-Osieck (29 December 1880 – 1 March 1968) was a Dutch painter, watercolourist, etcher, pastelist and draftsman who was part of the Amsterdamse Joffers painting group. Biography Johanna Elisabeth ("Betsy" or "Betsie") Osieck was ...

(1880–1968) The following female artist had contact to the Amsterdamse Joffers: * Elsa van Doesenburg (1875–1957) * Josepha Johanna Julia Marie Tepe (1884–1962)

Gallery of Amsterdamse Joffers

Ans van den Berg - Still life with apples.jpg, Ans van den Berg ''Still life with apples'' File:Boerenvrouw aardappels schillend Suze Robertson 1922.jpg, Suze Bisschop Robertson (1922): ''Potatoes, peeled by a farmer's wife'', Rijksmuseum Amsterdam. File:Suze Robertson - Woman spinning.jpg, Suze Bisschop Robertson (1900): ''Woman spinning'', Gemeentemuseum Helmond. File:Suze Robertson - De Vispoort van Harderwijk Z.J. A 2312.jpg, Suze Bisschop Robertson (before 1922): ''De Vispoort van Harderwijk'', private collection. File:Suze Bisschop Robertson - Courtyard together with a Work by Johan Buning.jpg, Suze Bisschop Robertson (before 1922): ''Courtyard together with a Work'', private collection. File:Thérèse Schwartze - Drie meisjes uit het Amsterdamse Burgerweeshuis.jpg, Thérèse Schwartze(1885): ''Drie meisjes uit het Amsterdamse Burgerweeshuis''. File:APNFranchimont.jpg, Thérèse Schwartze (1899): ''Prof. Franchimont''. File:Thérèse Schwartze - Portret van Lizzie Ansingh.jpg, Thérèse Schwartze (1902): ''Portrait from Lizzy Ansingh''. File:Thérèse Schwartze 024.jpg, Thérèse Schwartze (1918): ''Portrait of a girl''. File:Thérèse Schwartze 006.jpg, Thérèse Schwartze (1918): ''Portrait of Johanna Eugenia Theadora Van Hoorn Schouwe''.

References

{{Impressionism Art movements in Dutch painting Impressionism