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Akwa Ibom State is a state in the South-South geopolitical zone of Nigeria, bordered on the east by Cross River State, on the west by Rivers State and
Abia State Abia State ( ig, Ȯha Abia) is a state in the South-East geopolitical zone of Nigeria, it is bordered to the north and northeast by the states of Enugu, and Ebonyi, Imo State to the west, Cross River State to the east, Akwa Ibom State to the ...
, and on the south by the Atlantic Ocean. The state takes its name from the
Qua Iboe River The Kwa Ibo River (also ''Quaibo River'') is a river that rises near Umuahia in Abia State, Nigeria, and flows in a southeastern direction through Akwa Ibom State to the Atlantic Ocean. The river feeds a zone of mangrove swamps linked by creeks an ...
which bisects the state before flowing into the Bight of Bonny. Akwa Ibom was split from Cross River State in 1987 with its capital Uyo and with 31 local government areas. Of the 36 states, Akwa Ibom is the 30th largest in area and fifteenth most populous with an estimated population of nearly 5.5 million as of 2016. Geographically, the state is divided between the Central African mangroves in the coastal far south and the Cross–Niger transition forests in the rest of the state. Other important geographical features are the
Imo IMO or Imo may refer to: Biology and medicine * Irish Medical Organisation, the main organization for doctors in the Republic of Ireland * Intelligent Medical Objects, a privately held company specializing in medical vocabularies * Isomaltooligos ...
and Cross rivers which flow along Akwa Ibom's eastern and western borders, respectively while the Kwa Ibo River bisects the state before flowing into the Bight of Bonny. In the southeast corner of the state is the
Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Stubbs may refer to: Places United States *Stubbs, California, former name of Clearlake Oaks, California, census-designated place *Stubbs, Missouri, an unincorporated community *Stubbs, Texas, an unincorporated community *Stubbs, Wisconsin, a tow ...
, a heavily threatened wildlife reserve that contains declining
crocodile Crocodiles (family (biology), family Crocodylidae) or true crocodiles are large semiaquatic reptiles that live throughout the tropics in Africa, Asia, the Americas and Australia. The term crocodile is sometimes used even more loosely to inclu ...
, putty-nosed monkey, red-capped mangabey, and Sclater's guenon populations along with potentially extirpated populations of African leopard and Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee. Offshore, the state is also biodiverse as there are large fish populations along with various cetacean species including
bottlenose dolphin Bottlenose dolphins are aquatic mammals in the genus ''Tursiops.'' They are common, cosmopolitan members of the family Delphinidae, the family of oceanic dolphins. Molecular studies show the genus definitively contains two species: the common ...
s, pantropical spotted dolphins,
humpback whales The humpback whale (''Megaptera novaeangliae'') is a species of baleen whale. It is a rorqual (a member of the family Balaenopteridae) and is the only species in the genus ''Megaptera''. Adults range in length from and weigh up to . The hump ...
, and killer whales. Modern-day Akwa Ibom State has been inhabited by various ethnic groups for hundreds of years, primarily the closely related Ibibio, Anaang, and Obolo - Oron peoples in the North-East, North-West, and
Southern Southern may refer to: Businesses * China Southern Airlines, airline based in Guangzhou, China * Southern Airways, defunct US airline * Southern Air, air cargo transportation company based in Norwalk, Connecticut, US * Southern Airways Express, M ...
zones of the state, respectively. In the pre-colonial period, what is now Akwa Ibom State was divided into various city-states like the Ibom Kingdom and Akwa Akpa before the latter become a British protectorate in 1884 as a part of the Oil Rivers Protectorate. In the early 1900s, the British actually gained formal control of the area before incorporating the protectorate (now renamed the Niger Coast Protectorate) into the Southern Nigeria Protectorate which later merged into British Nigeria; after the merger, much of modern-day Akwa Ibom became a centre of anti-colonial resistance during the Women's War and political activism through the Ibibio State Union. After independence in 1960, the area of now-Akwa Ibom was a part of the post-independence
Eastern Region Eastern Region or East Region may refer to: * Eastern Region (Abu Dhabi): Al Ain *Eastern Region, Ghana *Eastern Region (Iceland) *Eastern Region, Nepal *Eastern Region, Nigeria * Eastern Region, Serbia * Eastern Region, Uganda * Eastern Region of ...
until 1967 when the region was split and the area became part of the South-Eastern State. Less than two months afterwards, the Igbo-majority former Eastern Region attempted to secede as the state of Biafra; in the three-year long Nigerian Civil War, now-Akwa Ibom was hard-fought over in the prelude to the
Invasion of Port Harcourt The Invasion of Port Harcourt (March 8 – May 24, 1968) was a military conflict between Nigerian and Biafran military forces. Background In the mid-1960s, there was a military coup led by Major Nzeogwu that overthrew the democratic government ...
while people from Akwa Ibom were persecuted by Biafran forces as they were mainly non-Igbo. At the war's end and the reunification of Nigeria, the South-Eastern State was reformed until 1976 when it was renamed Cross River State. Eleven years later, Cross River State was divided with western Cross River being broken off to form the new Akwa Ibom State. Economically, Akwa Ibom State is based around the production of
crude oil Petroleum, also known as crude oil, or simply oil, is a naturally occurring yellowish-black liquid mixture of mainly hydrocarbons, and is found in geological formations. The name ''petroleum'' covers both naturally occurring unprocessed crude ...
and natural gas as highest oil-producing state in the country, with
Ibeno Ibeno is located in the south south of Nigeria and is a Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State. Ibeno town lies on the eastern side of the Kwa Ibo River about from the river mouth, and is one of the largest fishing settlements on the Nigeria ...
, Mbo and Eastern Obolo as oil-producing LGAs. Key minor industries involve agriculture as the state has substantial cocoyam,
yam Yam or YAM may refer to: Plants and foods *Yam (vegetable), common name for members of ''Dioscorea'' * Taro, known in Malaysia and Singapore as yam * Sweet potato, specifically its orange-fleshed cultivars, often referred to as yams in North Amer ...
, and plantain crops along with fishing and heliciculture. Despite its vast oil revenues, Akwa Ibom has the seventeenth highest Human Development Index in the country in large part due to years of systemic corruption.


History

The region of the state was created out of Cross River State on September 23, 1987, by the then Military Administration of General Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida. No central government existed among the people of what is now Akwa Ibom State, prior to the British invasion in 1904. Instead, the
Annang The Anaang (also spelled Annang) are a sub-ethnic group of the larger Ibibio people, whose land is primarily within 8 of the present 31 local government areas in Akwa Ibom State: Abak, Essien Udim, Etim Ekpo, Ika, Ikot Ekpene, Obot Akara, Oruk ...
, Oron,
Efik Efik may refer to: * Efik people, an ethnic group located primarily in southeastern Nigeria * Efik language, the language of the Efik people *Efik mythology, the mythological beliefs of the Efik people *Efik religion, the traditional religion of t ...
, Ibono-Obolo and Ibibio were all autonomous groups. Although several Scottish missionaries arrived in Calabar in 1848, and Ibono in 1887, the British did not firmly establish control of the area until 1904. In that year, the Enyong Division was created encompassing the area of the current state of Akwa Ibom, with headquarters at Ikot Ekpene, an Annang city described by the noted Africanist Kaanan Nair, as the cultural and political capital of Annang and Ibibio. The creation of Enyong Division for the first time, allowed the numerous ethnic groups to come together. This further provided a venue for the creation of the Ibibio Welfare Union, later renamed Ibibio State Union. This social organization was first organized as a local development and improvement forum for educated persons and groups who were shut out from the colonial administration in 1929. Nonetheless, some historians have wrongly pointed to the union to buttress their argument about the homogeneity of groups in the area. The
Obolo Union Obolo may refer to: *The obolus, a Greek silver coin worth a sixth of a drachma * Obolo language, a language of Nigeria *Eastern Obolo, a local government area in Nigeria *Peter's Pence Peter's Pence (or ''Denarii Sancti Petri'' and "Alms of St P ...
, comprising Ibono and Andoni stock, was another strong socioeconomic and cultural organization that thrived in the region. The Ibono people have fought wars to maintain their unique identity and territory in the region more than any other group. When Akwa Ibom state was created in 1987, Uyo was chosen as the state capital to spread development to all regions of the state.


Governance

Politics in Akwa Ibom state are dominated by the three main ethnic groups: the Ibibio,
Annang The Anaang (also spelled Annang) are a sub-ethnic group of the larger Ibibio people, whose land is primarily within 8 of the present 31 local government areas in Akwa Ibom State: Abak, Essien Udim, Etim Ekpo, Ika, Ikot Ekpene, Obot Akara, Oruk ...
and Oron. Of these three, the Ibibio remain the majority and have held sway in the state since its creation. For the past eight years, between May 29, 2007 - May 28, 2015, the Annang people held sway, since the governor for those eight years, was from Ikot Ekpene senatorial district.


Ministries, Departments and Agencies

Here are the list of ministries in Akwa Ibom State *
Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Justice The Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Justice is the Nigerian state government ministry, concerned with the administration of justice. The Ministry is under the coordination of the Attorney-General and Commissioner for Justice, who is often assisted by ...
* Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agriculture and Food Sufficiency *
Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Account and Finance Akwa may refer to: People * Akwá, Fabrice Akwa (born 1977), Angolan footballer * Obed Akwa, Ghanaian soldier * People from Akwa Ibom, Nigeria * People from Akwa Akpa, Nigeria Places * Akwa, Douala, a district in Douala, Cameroon ** Stade Ak ...
*
Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Works The Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Works is the state government ministry Ministry may refer to: Government * Ministry (collective executive), the complete body of government ministers under the leadership of a prime minister * Ministry (gove ...
*
Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education The Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education is the state government's ministry tasked with overseeing the education sector in the state, policy formulation and control over Primary, Secondary and State-owned Tertiary Institutions in consonance wit ...
*Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Environment * Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport & Petroleum Resources *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Lands, Town Planning & Survey * Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information & Strategy * Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Health *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Science & Technology *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Women Development and Social Development *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Youth & Sports *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Administration & Supplies *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Economic Development Labour and Manpower Planning *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Investment, Commerce and Industries *
Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Culture and Tourism The Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Culture and Tourism is the state's government branch or ministry, responsible for planning, devising and implementing the state's strategy on Culture and Tourism. The Ministry is headed by the Commissioner charged ...
*Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Political/Legislative Affairs and Water Resources *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Rural Development & Cooperatives *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Power and Petroleum Resources


Local Government Areas

Akwa Ibom State consists of thirty-one (31) local government areas. They include: * Abak * Eastern Obolo * Eket * Esit-Eket * Essien Udim * Etim-Ekpo * Etinan *
Ibeno Ibeno is located in the south south of Nigeria and is a Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State. Ibeno town lies on the eastern side of the Kwa Ibo River about from the river mouth, and is one of the largest fishing settlements on the Nigeria ...
*
Ibesikpo-Asutan Ibesikpo-Asutan is a Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. It is inhabited by the Ibesikpo and Asutan clans. The Local Government Headquarters is Nung Udoe. It is the home of former Akwa Ibom State governor architect Obong Victor ...
* Ibiono-Ibom * Ika * Ikono * Ikot Abasi * Ikot Ekpene * Ini * Itu * Mbo * Mkpat-Enin * Nsit-Atai *
Nsit-Ibom Nsit Ibom is a Nigerian local government area located within central Akwa Ibom State and sharing boundaries with Ibesikpo Asutan, Etinan, Nsit Ubium and Uyo Local Government Areas. The people of Nsit Ibom are of the Ibibio ethnic extraction. Nsi ...
*
Nsit-Ubium Nsit-Ubium is in the south south of Nigeria and is a Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State. History Nsit Ubium Local Government Area was carved out of the then Etinan Local Government on May 3, 1989, with its headquarters at Ikot Edibon. In S ...
* Obot-Akara * Okobo * Onna * Oron * Oruk Anam * Ukanafun * Udung-Uko * Uruan * Urue-Offong/Oruko * Uyo


Demographics


Ethnic groups

The main ethnic groups of the state include: Ibibio, Anaang, Oron and Obolo.


Religion

The people of Akwa Ibom are predominantly Christians.


Languages

Like their
Efik Efik may refer to: * Efik people, an ethnic group located primarily in southeastern Nigeria * Efik language, the language of the Efik people *Efik mythology, the mythological beliefs of the Efik people *Efik religion, the traditional religion of t ...
neighbors of Cross River State, people of Akwa Ibom speak various dialects of the Ibibio-Efik languages, which belong to the Benue–Congo language family, forming part of the Niger–Congo group of languages. The following table lists languages of Akwa Ibom State, and the local government areas in which they are spoken:


Education

The
Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education The Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education is the state government's ministry tasked with overseeing the education sector in the state, policy formulation and control over Primary, Secondary and State-owned Tertiary Institutions in consonance wit ...
is tasked with monitoring the education sector of the state. The current region of Akwa Ibom State in old Calabar Kingdom, was the first to encounter Western education in Nigeria, with the establishment of Hope Waddell Training Institute, at Calabar in 1895, and the
Methodist Boys' High School, Oron Methodist Boys’ High School, Oron (MBHS Oron) was established on 18 September 1905 following a proposal by Rev. Nathaniel Boocock
in 1905, as well as other top schools such as the Holy Family College at Abak and Regina Coeli College in Essene. Some educational institutes in the state are: * Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic Ikot Osurua *
Akwa Ibom State University Akwa Ibom State University (AKSU) was conceived and funded by the Akwa Ibom State Government. Unity of people with a passion to constantly seek knowledge that addresses practical issues of development in Nigeria. The university opened its doors t ...
(Oruk Anam LGA and Mkpat Enin LGA) *
Federal Polytechnic, Ukana The Federal Polytechnic, Ukana is a federal government higher education institution located in Ukana, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria Nigeria ( ), , ig, Naìjíríyà, yo, Nàìjíríà, pcm, Naijá , ff, Naajeeriya, kcg, Naijeriya officia ...
*
Foundation College of Technology Foundation College of Technology is a privately owned polytechnic Polytechnic is most commonly used to refer to schools, colleges, or universities that qualify as an institute of technology or vocational university also sometimes called unive ...
Ikot Ekpene *
Heritage Polytechnic Heritage Polytechnic, Eket, Akwa Ibom state, is a privately owned polytechnic institute located in Ikot Udota, Eket local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Background The institution founded by Emmanuel J. Ekott who is a Chemical Eng ...
, Eket * Maritime Academy of Nigeria, Oron *
Obong University Obong University is a four-year private university located in Obong Ntak, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. It is associated with the Churches of Christ, and its sponsoring congregation is the Rivergate Church of Christ in Madison, Tennessee. Founded ...
, Obong Ntak *
Ritman University Ritman University is located in Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria Nigeria ( ), , ig, Naìjíríyà, yo, Nàìjíríà, pcm, Naijá , ff, Naajeeriya, kcg, Naijeriya officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in We ...
* University of Uyo, Uyo *
School of Basic Studies, Abak A school is an educational institution designed to provide learning spaces and learning environments for the teaching of students under the direction of teachers. Most countries have systems of formal education, which is sometimes compulsor ...
*
School of Nursing, Uyo A school is an educational institution designed to provide learning spaces and learning environments for the teaching of students under the direction of teachers. Most countries have systems of formal education, which is sometimes comp ...
, Eket, Oron, Ikot Ekpene, Etinan *
Sure Polytechnic SuRe (The Standard for Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure) is a global voluntary standard which integrates key criteria of sustainability and resilience into infrastructure development and upgrade. It has been developed by the Swiss Global I ...
, Ukanafun * Topfaith University, Mkpatak *
Trinity Polytechnic, Uyo The Christian doctrine of the Trinity (, from 'threefold') is the central dogma concerning the nature of God in most Christian churches, which defines one God existing in three coequal, coeternal, consubstantial divine persons: God the ...
*
Uyo City Polytechnic Uyo is the capital city of Akwa Ibom in South South Nigeria. Ibibio is the language spoken in Uyo. It became the capital on September 23, 1987 when Akwa Ibom was created from the former Cross River State. According to the 2006 Nigerian C ...
Nduetong Oku


Notable people

* Obong Victor Attah, former governor of Akwa Ibom State * Senator Godswill Akpabio, former governor of Akwa Ibom State, former Senate Minority Leader * Nathaniel Bassey is a Nigerian gospel music minister and RCCG Pastor from Uyo L.G.A, in Akwa ibom state. *
C. A. O Essien C. or c. may refer to: * Century, sometimes abbreviated as ''c.'' or ''C.'', a period of 100 years * Cent (currency), abbreviated ''c.'' or ''¢'', a monetary unit that equals of the basic unit of many currencies * Caius or Gaius, abbreviated a ...
was a retired Nigerian Police Officer/Preacher, who brought the Churches of Christ to Nigeria and West Africa. * Effiong Dickson Bob * Ini Edo, Nollywood Actress * Obong Ufot Ekaette, secretary to the Government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria from 1999 to 2007 under President Olusegun Obasanjo *
Dominic Ekandem Dominic Ignatius Ekandem (1917 – 24 November, 1995) was a Nigerian Catholic cardinal who served as Archbishop of Abuja from 1989 until 1992.. He was the first native West African Catholic bishop in history. He also founded the Missionary Socie ...
first cardinal in English-speaking West Africa. First Nigerian Cardinal to qualify as a candidate to the papacy. * Senator (Engr.)
Chris Ekpenyong Christopher Stephen Obong Ekpenyong (born 29 September 1954, in Ikot Ukana of Obot Akara local government area, Akwa Ibom) is a Nigerian politician and former Deputy governor of Akwa Ibom State. He was elected to the Nigerian Senate in 201 ...
Former deputy governor of Akwa Ibom State in the Victor Attah administration and current Nigerian Senator representing Akwa Ibom North-West Senatorial District in the 9th Assembly. * Engr.
Patrick Ekpotu Patrick Akpan Ekpotu (born 26 June 1960) is a Nigerian politician and chemical engineer. He is the former Deputy Governor of Akwa Ibom State. Life Ekpotu was born in Akwa Ibom State to a renowned teacher Gaul and his wife Cornelia in 1960. H ...
, former Deputy Governor of Akwa Ibom State * Udom Gabriel Emmanuel, Governor of Akwa Ibom State from May 2015 to date * Senator Ita Enang, Senior Special Assistant (Niger-Delta) to President Muhammadu Buhari * Vincent Enyeama, professional footballer (Goalie) and former Super Eagle captain *
Mark Essien Mark Anthony Essien (born 18 December 1980 in Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State) is a Nigerian entrepreneur, software developer and startup investor. He is the founder and CEO of Hotels.ng, one of the first online hotel booking websites in Niger ...
, entrepreneur and founder of Hotels.ng * Chief Donald Etiebet, former Minister of Petroleum * Nse Ikpe-Etim, Nollywood actress *
Eve Esin Eve Esin is a Nigerian actress who won the City People Entertainment Awards for ''Most Promising Actress in Nigeria'' in 2015, the AMAA award for ''Best Actress in a Supporting Role'' and Best Actress in a drama at the AMVCA. Early life and ...
, Nollywood actress *
Etim Inyang Etim Okon Inyang (25 December 1931 – 26 September 2016) was a Nigerian Policeman and former Inspector General of Police. He was appointed in 1983 to succeed Sunday Adewusi and was succeeded by Muhammadu Gambo Jimeta in 1986. He died at the a ...
, former Inspector General of the Nigerian Police Force (I.G.P) 1985 to 1986 * Obong
Akpan Isemin Obong Akpan Isemin was elected governor of Akwa Ibom State in Nigeria from January 1992 to November 1993 during the Nigerian Third Republic. He also held the traditional title of Obong Ikpa Isong Ibibio, one of the traditional titles amongst th ...
, elected governor of Akwa Ibom State in Nigeria from January 1992 to November 1993 during the Nigerian Third Republic * Clement Isong, second governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria; first civilian governor of the former Cross River State *
Emem Isong Emem Isong is a Nigerian screenwriter, film producer, and film director. She has become known primarily for films in the English language, and is a dominant figure in the Nollywood industry. Her second directed feature, '' Code of Silence'', w ...
, multi-award winning filmmaker and CEO of Royal Arts Academy * Rt. Hon.
Onofiok Luke Onofiok Akpan Luke (born 16 March 1978) is a lawyer and legislator in the Nigerian House of Representatives. Personal life and education Luke graduated in 2005 from the University of Uyo, Nigeria with an LL.B. In 2009, he underwent furth ...
, the 11th Speaker of the Akwa Ibom State House of Assembly and the Pioneer Speaker of the Nigeria Youth Parliament * Group Capt. Idongesit Nkanga, former military governor of Akwa Ibom State * Samuel Peter, world heavyweight boxing champion * Egbert Udo Udoma, from Ikot Abasi, former chief justice of Uganda *
Ime Bishop Umoh Ime Bishop, often called Okon Lagos or Udo Yes, is a Nigerian actor and comedian. Early life, education and career Ime Bishop is an Ibibio from Nsit Ibom, Akwa Ibom State in the southern part of Nigeria. He graduated from the University ...
, Nollywood actor * Professor Okon Uya was briefly chairman of the National Electoral Commission of Nigeria (NECON), appointed by President Ibrahim Babangida after the presidential elections of 12 June 1993 had been annulled and his predecessor Humphrey Nwosu dismissed.


See also

*
Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education The Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education is the state government's ministry tasked with overseeing the education sector in the state, policy formulation and control over Primary, Secondary and State-owned Tertiary Institutions in consonance wit ...
*
List Of Government Ministries Of Akwa Ibom State This is a list of the government ministries of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria Akwa Ibom State is a state in the South-South geopolitical zone of Nigeria, bordered on the east by Cross River State, on the west by Rivers State and Abia State, and on the ...


References

58. Pastor Nathaniel Bassey, Moses Bliss and Jimmy D Psalmist also made the list of 2022 Owwre.co
Top 10 Nigerian Gospel Music Artists from Akwa Ibom State


External links


akwaibomstate.gov.ng: Official website of the Akwa Ibom State Government
{{Authority control States of Nigeria States and territories established in 1987 1987 establishments in Nigeria