![Pavillon de Marsan, November 18, 2011](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Pavillon_de_Marsan%2C_November_18%2C_2011.jpg)
The Pavillon de Marsan or Marsan Pavilion was built in the 1660s as the northern end of the
Tuileries Palace
The Tuileries Palace (french: Palais des Tuileries, ) was a royal and imperial palace in Paris which stood on the right bank of the River Seine, directly in front of the Louvre. It was the usual Parisian residence of most French monarchs, from ...
in
Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...
, and reconstructed in the 1870s after the Tuileries burned down at the end of the
Paris Commune
The Paris Commune (french: Commune de Paris, ) was a revolutionary government that seized power in Paris, the capital of France, from 18 March to 28 May 1871.
During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, the French National Guard had defended ...
. Following the
completion of the joining of the Louvre and the Tuileries in the 1850s and the demolition of the Tuileries' remains in the early 1880s, it is now the northwestern tip of the
Louvre Palace
The Louvre Palace (french: link=no, Palais du Louvre, ), often referred to simply as the Louvre, is an iconic French palace located on the Rive Droite, Right Bank of the Seine in Paris, occupying a vast expanse of land between the Tuileries Ga ...
. Since 1897 it has been part of the
Musée des Arts Décoratifs, a separate institution from the
Louvre
The Louvre ( ), or the Louvre Museum ( ), is the world's most-visited museum, and an historic landmark in Paris, France. It is the home of some of the best-known works of art, including the ''Mona Lisa'' and the ''Venus de Milo''. A central l ...
.
History
The pavilion was originally built in 1666, based on a design by
Louis Le Vau
Louis Le Vau (1612 – 11 October 1670) was a French Baroque architect, who worked for Louis XIV of France. He was an architect that helped develop the French Classical style in the 17th Century.''Encyclopedia of World Biography''"Louis Le Vau", ...
.
The exterior was similar to that of its southern pendant, the
Pavillon de Flore
The Pavillon de Flore, part of the Palais du Louvre in Paris, France, stands at the southwest end of the Louvre, near the Pont Royal. It was originally constructed in 1607–1610, during the reign of Henry IV, as the corner pavilion between ...
. On its south side, the Pavillon de Marsan was connected to Le Vau's pavilion for the stage of the
Théâtre des Tuileries
The Théâtre des Tuileries was a theatre in the former Tuileries Palace in Paris. It was also known as the Salle des Machines, because of its elaborate stage machinery, designed by the Italian theatre architects Gaspare Vigarani and his two sons, ...
, completed in 1661. On the Pavillon de Marsan's east side, Le Vau constructed the first bay of the North Wing, heading toward the Louvre. The south façade of the North Wing replicated the courtyard façade of its southern pendant, the
Grande Galerie
The Grande Galerie, in the past also known as the Galerie du Bord de l'Eau (Waterside Gallery), is a wing of the Louvre Palace, perhaps more properly referred to as the Aile de la Grande Galerie (Grand Gallery Wing), since it houses the longest ...
. For each of these façades Le Vau employed the
giant order
In classical architecture, a giant order, also known as colossal order, is an order whose columns or pilasters span two (or more) storeys. At the same time, smaller orders may feature in arcades or window and door framings within the storeys th ...
, which had first been used over sixty years earlier by
Henri IV
Henry IV (french: Henri IV; 13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), also known by the epithets Good King Henry or Henry the Great, was King of Navarre (as Henry III) from 1572 and King of France from 1589 to 1610. He was the first monarc ...
's architect(s) for the Pavillon de Flore, the Petite Galerie of the Tuileries and the western section of the Grande Galerie.
File:L'Architecture française (Marot) BnF RES-V-371 175v-f390 Palais des Tuileries, Pavillon du côté de la rue St Honoré, Élévation du côté du Jardin achevé sous le Regne de Louis XIV (adjusted).jpg, West façade facing the garden, detail from a c.1670 engraving by Jean Marot
Jean Marot (Mathieu, near Caen, 1463 – c. 1526) was a French poet of the late 15th and early 16 century and the father of the French Renaissance poet Clément Marot. He is often grouped with the "Grands Rhétoriqueurs". Jean Marot seems to ha ...
File:L'Architecture française (Marot) BnF RES-V-371 174v-f385 Palais des Tuileries, Pavillon du côté rue St Honoré, Plan -rez-de-chaussée- achevé sous le Regne de Louis XIV (adjusted).jpg, Ground-floor plan showing the pavilion and the first bay of the North Wing (at top), which contains the grand staircase, detail from an engraving by Jean Marot
File:East faces of the Salle des Machines and the Pavillon de Marsan and beginning of the Aile Nord in the 18th century, watercolor of Taraval – Christ 1949 Fig80.jpg, View of the east side with the first bay of the North Wing, 18th-century watercolor by Hugues Taraval
In the third quarter of the 18th century the Pavillon de Marsan included the apartment of
Marie Louise de Rohan
Marie may refer to:
People Name
* Marie (given name)
* Marie (Japanese given name)
* Marie (murder victim), girl who was killed in Florida after being pushed in front of a moving vehicle in 1973
* Marie (died 1759), an enslaved Cree person in Tro ...
, governess of the king's grandchildren and known as from her past marriage with
Gaston, Count of Marsan. The pavilion took its current name from her. At the time when the royal family inhabited the Tuileries during the
French Revolution
The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are considere ...
,
Madame Adélaïde
Marie Adélaïde de France, (23 March 1732 – 27 February 1800) was a French princess, the sixth child and fourth daughter of King Louis XV and Queen Marie.
As a legitimate daughter of the King, Adélaïde was a ''fille de France''. She was ...
had her apartment on the pavilion's ground floor.
In the 1800s,
Percier and Fontaine
Percier and Fontaine was a noted partnership between French architects Charles Percier and Pierre François Léonard Fontaine.
History
Together, Percier and Fontaine were inventors and major proponents of the rich and grand, consciously archaeol ...
extended the North Wing to the east in order to complete the Louvre Palace but only went as far as the . The complete merger of the Tuileries and the Louvre would only be accomplished a half-century later with
Napoleon III's Louvre expansion
The expansion of the Louvre under Napoleon III in the 1850s, known at the time and until the 1980s as the Nouveau Louvre or Louvre de Napoléon III, was an iconic project of the Second French Empire and a centerpiece of its ambitious transforma ...
.
In 1820
Henri V, the Count of Chambord was born here.
In 1871 the Pavillon de Marsan burned down together with the
Tuileries Palace
The Tuileries Palace (french: Palais des Tuileries, ) was a royal and imperial palace in Paris which stood on the right bank of the River Seine, directly in front of the Louvre. It was the usual Parisian residence of most French monarchs, from ...
. Its ruins were entirely demolished and the pavilion reconstructed by
Hector Lefuel
Hector-Martin Lefuel (14 November 1810 – 31 December 1880) was a French architect, best known for his work on the Palais du Louvre, including Napoleon III's Louvre expansion and the reconstruction of the Pavillon de Flore.
Biography
He was ...
from 1874 to 1879. Lefuel, who disliked the giant order as a matter of principle and found it unsuitable for the Louvre, went on to reconstruct the North Wing on a slightly broadened footprint, but works to that end stopped around the time of his death in 1880.
[ As a consequence, the North Wing is now divided into Lefuel's (Marsan Wing) to the west and Percier and Fontaine's (Rohan Wing) to the east.
File:Tuileries Palace, Burned. General View MET DP161581 (adjusted).jpg, Ruins after the fire, 1871 photo by]
Alphonse Liébert
Alphonse Justin Liébert (30 November 1826, Tournai - 18 June 1913, Paris) was a French photographer.
Biography
Initially devoted to a career in the French Navy, Navy, he was wounded at the Battle of Vuelta de Obligado (1845), in Argentina. He ...
File:La place des Pyramides - Giuseppe De Nittis.jpg, Reconstruction, 1875 painting by Giuseppe De Nittis
Giuseppe De Nittis (February 25, 1846 – August 21, 1884)Efrem Gisella Calingaert. "De Nittis, Giuseppe." Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 9 Aug. 2013. was one of the most important Italian painters of the 19th c ...
A project to locate the Cour des Comptes
The ''Cour des Comptes'' ("Court of Accounts") is France's supreme audit institution, under French law an administrative court. As such, it is independent from the legislative and executive branches of the French Government. However, the 1946 and ...
in the Pavillon de Marsan was stillborn, even though the building was used in the late 19th century to store archives of that institution. In 1897 the Pavillon and Aile de Marsan were eventually given over to the , which remodeled it from 1898 to 1905 under designs by Gaston Redon
Gaston Redon (28 October 1853 – 20 November 1921) was a French architect, teacher, and graphic artist.
Biography
Redon was born in Bordeaux, Aquitaine to a prosperous family, the younger brother of Odilon Redon. Gaston attended the Écol ...
assisted by Paul Lorain. The Arts Décoratifs Library opened in 1904 and the Musée des Arts Décoratifs opened in May 1905.
Decoration
The pavilion is adorned with abundant architectural sculpture
Architectural sculpture is the use of sculptural techniques by an architect and/or sculptor in the design of a building, bridge, mausoleum or other such project. The sculpture is usually integrated with the structure, but freestanding works that a ...
, as with other parts of Lefuel's work at the Louvre. An unusual feature is the use of copper
Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu (from la, cuprum) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a pinkis ...
for the wings of an allegorical winged lion
The winged lion is a mythological creature that resembles a lion with bird-like wings.
Mythical adaptations
The winged lion is found in various forms especially in ancient and medieval civilizations.
There were different mythological adaptions f ...
above the southern pediment facing the Carrousel Garden
The Tuileries Garden (french: Jardin des Tuileries, ) is a public garden located between the Louvre and the Place de la Concorde in the 1st arrondissement of Paris, France. Created by Catherine de' Medici as the garden of the Tuileries Palace in ...
, created by Théodore-Charles Gruyère
Théodore-Charles Gruyère (born 17 September 1813 in Paris, died in 1885) was a French sculptor.
In 1836 as the pupil of Auguste Dumont. He hit notoriety in 1839 winning the Prix de Rome.
His other works are some busts, some statues of saints f ...
in 1878.
File:Paris - Palais du Louvre - PA00085992 - 909 (cropped).jpg, Sculpture of winged lion by Théodore-Charles Gruyère
Théodore-Charles Gruyère (born 17 September 1813 in Paris, died in 1885) was a French sculptor.
In 1836 as the pupil of Auguste Dumont. He hit notoriety in 1839 winning the Prix de Rome.
His other works are some busts, some statues of saints f ...
, on the south façade
File:Pediment Bonnassieux Pavillon de Marsan Louvre.jpg, Sculpture by Jean-Marie Bonnassieux
Jean-Marie Bienaimé Bonnassieux (; 1810, Panissières, Loire – 1892) was a French sculptor.
Biography
The son of a cabinet maker from Lyon, Bonnassieux showed talent as a boy and was educated at the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Ar ...
, on the Tuileries Garden façade
File:Pavillon de Marsan frise R.jpg, Frieze with letters "R" (for République) and window arch at the first floor
See also
* Pavillon de Flore
The Pavillon de Flore, part of the Palais du Louvre in Paris, France, stands at the southwest end of the Louvre, near the Pont Royal. It was originally constructed in 1607–1610, during the reign of Henry IV, as the corner pavilion between ...
Notes
{{coord, 48.8634, 2.3324, type:landmark_region:FR, display=title
Louvre Palace
Buildings and structures in Paris