Afraflacilla Stridulator

''Afraflacilla'' is a genus of the spider family Salticidae (jumping spiders). Most species are distributed in Eastern to Northern Africa (including the Middle East) and Australia, with two species (''A. epiblemoides and A. tarajalis'') found in Europe. This genus was for a time included in the genus '' Pseudicius'', and the boundaries between both genera are disputed. In 2016 Jerzy Prószyński erected the genus ''Psenuc'' for some borderline species. The name ''Afraflacilla'' is combined from Africa, where most earlier described species were found, and ''Flacilla'' Simon, 1901, an obsolete salticid genus now called ''Flacillula'' Strand, 1932. This genus name is in turn derived from Aelia Flaccilla, wife of Roman Emperor Theodosius I. ''Afraflacilla'', '' Pseudicius'', ''Festucula'' and ''Marchena'' are close relatives and form a monophyletic group.

Afraflacilla species have tubercles and bristles (on the sides of the carapace near the eyes and on their legs) which they rub together to make sounds used in courtship and possibly defence. The line of small tubercles (sharp knobs) under the eyes on the side of the carapace are usually visible to the naked eye.

''Afraflacilla'' in Australia

''Afraflacilla'' species in Australia include ''A. grayorum, A. gunbar'', ''A.'' ''huntorum'', ''A.'' ''milledgei'', ''A.'' ''stridulator'', ''A.'' ''vestjensi'' and ''A.'' ''yeni''. In Australia they occupy tree trunks in deserts, savanna woodland and in open sclerophyll forests from south west Western Australia to Cape York Queensland, mostly in warmer regions. There are many undescribed Australian species. ''Afraflacilla grayorum'' Grays' stridulating jumping spider, found in northern Australian deserts, was named in honour of Michael and Greta Gray.

The male palpal organ of many Australian ''Afraflacilla'' species has a large, circling embolus (inseminating sclerite) and retro-lateral tibial apophysis (side spike). Some undescribed Australian ''Afraflacilla'' species have greatly enlarged segments of the first pair of legs, and sometimes massive spurs coming from underneath the tibia and metatarsus (third and second last leg segments). Enlarged leg-one segments are also a feature of '' Pseudicius'', a genus widespread outside Australia.

Species

, the World Spider Catalog accepted the following species:

* ''Afraflacilla altera'' (Wesołowska, 2000) – Zimbabwe, South Africa
* ''Afraflacilla antineae'' (Denis, 1954) – Algeria
* ''Afraflacilla arabica'' Wesołowska & van Harten, 1994 – Egypt, Yemen, Iran, Afghanistan
* '' Afraflacilla asorotica'' (Simon, 1890) – Saudi Arabia, Israel, Yemen
* '' Afraflacilla ballarini'' Cao & Li, 2016 – China
* ''Afraflacilla bamakoi'' Berland & Millot, 1941 – Mali
* '' Afraflacilla banni'' Prajapati, Tatu & Kamboj, 2021 – India
* '' Afraflacilla berlandi'' Denis, 1955 – Libya
* '' Afraflacilla bipunctata'' (G. W. Peckham & E. G. Peckham, 1903) – South Africa
* '' Afraflacilla braunsi'' (G. W. Peckham & E. G. Peckham, 1903) – South Africa, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, United Arab Emirates, Turkmenistan
* '' Afraflacilla datuntata'' (Logunov & Zamanpoore, 2005) – Afghanistan
* '' Afraflacilla elegans'' (Wesołowska & Cumming, 2008) - Zimbabwe, South Africa
* '' Afraflacilla epiblemoides'' (Chyzer, 1891) – Central, Eastern Europe, Turkey, Armenia
* '' Afraflacilla eximia'' (Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2000) – Tanzania
* ''Afraflacilla fayda'' (Wesołowska & van Harten, 2010) – United Arab Emirates
* '' Afraflacilla flavipes'' (Caporiacco, 1935) – Turkmenistan, Pakistan
* '' Afraflacilla grayorum'' Żabka, 1993 – Western Australia, Queensland
* '' Afraflacilla gunbar'' Żabka & Gray, 2002 – New South Wales
* ''Afraflacilla histrionica'' (Simon, 1902) – South Africa
* '' Afraflacilla huntorum'' Żabka, 1993 – Western Australia, Victoria
* '' Afraflacilla imitator'' (Wesołowska & Haddad, 2013) – South Africa
* '' Afraflacilla javanica'' (Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012) – Java
* ''Afraflacilla karinae'' (Haddad & Wesołowska, 2011) – South Africa
* '' Afraflacilla kraussi'' (Marples, 1964) – Marshall Is., Cook Is., Samoa
* '' Afraflacilla mikhailovi'' (Prószyński, 2000) – Israel
* '' Afraflacilla mushrif'' (Wesołowska & van Harten, 2010) – Israel
* '' Afraflacilla philippinensis'' (Prószyński, 1992) – Philippines
* ''Afraflacilla refulgens'' (Wesołowska & Cumming, 2008) – Zimbabwe
* ''Afraflacilla reiskindi'' (Prószyński, 1992) – Borneo
* ''Afraflacilla risbeci'' Berland & Millot, 1941 – Senegal
* '' Afraflacilla roberti'' (Wesołowska, 2011) – Kenya
* '' Afraflacilla scenica'' Denis, 1955 – Niger
* '' Afraflacilla similis'' Berland & Millot, 1941 – Senegal
* '' Afraflacilla spiniger'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) – Egypt to South Sudan
* '' Afraflacilla stridulator'' Żabka, 1993 – Western Australia
* '' Afraflacilla tamaricis'' (Simon, 1885) – North Africa, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Yemen
* '' Afraflacilla tarajalis'' Miñano & Tamajón, 2017 – Spain, Portugal, Morocco
* '' Afraflacilla venustula'' (Wesołowska & Haddad, 2009) – South Africa
* '' Afraflacilla vestjensi'' Żabka, 1993 – Northern Territory
* '' Afraflacilla wadis'' (Prószyński, 1989) – Saudi Arabia, Israel, Yemen
* ''Afraflacilla yeni'' Żabka, 1993 – Victoria
* '' Afraflacilla zuluensis'' (Haddad & Wesołowska, 2013) – South Africa

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q117705

Salticidae
Salticidae genera
Taxa named by Lucien Berland
Spiders of Africa
Spiders of Asia
Spiders of Australia