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Spiders Of Australia
Australia has a number of highly venomous spiders, including the Sydney funnel-web spider, its relatives in the family Hexathelidae, and the redback spider, whose bites can be extremely painful and have historically been linked with deaths in medical records. Most Australian spiders do not have venom that is considered to be dangerously toxic. No deaths caused by spider bites in Australia have been substantiated by a coronial inquest since 1979. There are sensationalised news reports regarding Australian spiders that fail to cite evidence. ''A Field Guide to Spiders of Australia'' published by CSIRO Publishing in 2017 featuring around 836 species illustrated with photographs of live animals, around 381 genera and 78 families, introduced significant updates to taxonomy from Ramirez, Wheeler and Dmitrov Estimates put the total number of Australian spider species at about 10,000. Only around 3,600 have been described. Little information is known about many undiscovered species. N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Back Underside
Red is the color at the long wavelength end of the visible spectrum of light, next to orange and opposite violet. It has a dominant wavelength of approximately 625–740 nanometres. It is a primary color in the RGB color model and a secondary color (made from magenta and yellow) in the CMYK color model, and is the complementary color of cyan. Reds range from the brilliant yellow-tinged scarlet and vermillion to bluish-red crimson, and vary in shade from the pale red pink to the dark red burgundy. Red pigment made from ochre was one of the first colors used in prehistoric art. The Ancient Egyptians and Mayans colored their faces red in ceremonies; Roman generals had their bodies colored red to celebrate victories. It was also an important color in China, where it was used to color early pottery and later the gates and walls of palaces. In the Renaissance, the brilliant red costumes for the nobility and wealthy were dyed with kermes and cochineal. The 19th century brought the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archaeidae
Archaeidae, also known as assassin spiders and pelican spiders, is a spider family with about ninety described species in five genera. It contains small spiders, ranging from long, that prey exclusively on other spiders. They are unusual in that they have "necks", ranging from long and slender to short and fat. The name "pelican spider" refers to these elongated jaws and necks used to catch their prey. Living species of Archaeidae occur in South Africa, Madagascar and Australia, with the sister family Mecysmaucheniidae occurring in southern South America and New Zealand. Assassin spiders were first known from 40 million year old amber fossils which were found in Europe in the 1840s, and were not known to have living varieties until 1881, when the first living assassin spider was found in Madagascar. The fossil record of this family was first identified from Baltic amber dating to the Eocene, although many taxa from these deposits have been reassigned to Mecysmaucheniidae, Malk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zoropsidae
Zoropsidae, also known as false wolf spiders for their physical similarity to wolf spiders, is a family of cribellate araneomorph spiders first described by Philipp Bertkau in 1882. They can be distinguished from wolf spiders by their two rows of eyes that are more equal in size than those of Lycosidae. The families Tengellidae and Zorocratidae are now included in Zoropsidae. Genera , the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera: *''Akamasia'' Bosselaers, 2002 – Cyprus *'' Anachemmis'' Chamberlin, 1919 – United States, Mexico *'' Austrotengella'' Raven, 2012 – Australia *'' Birrana'' Raven & Stumkat, 2005 – Australia *''Cauquenia'' Piacentini, RamÃrez & Silva, 2013 *''Chinja'' Polotow & Griswold, 2018 – Tanzania *'' Ciniflella'' Mello-Leitão, 1921 – Brazil *'' Devendra'' Lehtinen, 1967 – Sri Lanka *'' Griswoldia'' Dippenaar-Schoeman & Jocqué, 1997 – South Africa *''Hoedillus'' Simon, 1898 – Guatemala, Nicaragua *''Huntia'' Gray & Thompson, 2001 †... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Symphytognathidae
Symphytognathidae is a family of spiders with 90 described species in eight genera. They occur in the tropics of Central and South America and the Australian region (with Oceania). Exceptions include ''Anapistula benoiti'', ''Anapistula caecula'', and ''Symphytognatha imbulunga'', found in Africa, '' Anapistula ishikawai'', found in Japan, and '' Anapistula jerai'', found in Southeast Asia. The species '' Patu digua'' is considered to be one of the smallest spiders in the world with a body size of . Morphology Symphytognathidae are four-eyed spiders and are generally small in size. The opisthosoma is covered in long hairs. Genera , the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera: *'' Anapistula'' Gertsch, 1941 — Asia, South America, Portugal, Oceania, Africa, North America, Jamaica *'' Anapogonia'' Simon, 1905 — Indonesia *'' Crassignatha'' Wunderlich, 1995 — Indonesia, Malaysia *''Curimagua'' Forster & Platnick, 1977 — Panama, Venezuela *'' Globignatha'' Balog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stenochilidae
Stenochilidae is a family of southeast Asian araneomorph spiders that produce ecribellate silk. First described by Tamerlan Thorell in 1873, it now contains twelve described species in two genera. Species , the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera and species: ''Colopea'' Simon, 1893 *''Colopea laeta'' (Thorell, 1895) — Myanmar, Thailand *''Colopea lehtineni'' Zheng, Marusik & Li, 2009 — China *''Colopea malayana ''Colopea'' is a genus of araneomorph spiders in the Stenochilidae family, and was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1893. Species it contains ten species, found in Asia, on Fiji, and in Papua New Guinea: *'' Colopea laeta'' ( Thorell, ...'' Lehtinen, 1982 — Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore *'' Colopea pusilla'' (Simon, 1893) — Philippines *'' Colopea romantica'' Lehtinen, 1982 — Bali *'' Colopea silvestris'' Lehtinen, 1982 — New Guinea *'' Colopea tuberculata'' Platnick & Shadab, 1974 — Fiji *'' Colopea unifoveata'' Lehtinen, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pholcidae
The Pholcidae are a family of araneomorph spiders. The family contains over 1,800 individual species of pholcids, including those commonly known as cellar spider, daddy long-legs spider, carpenter spider, daddy long-legger, vibrating spider, gyrating spider, long daddy, and skull spider. The family, first described by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1850, is divided into 94 genera. The common name "daddy long-legs" is used for several species, especially '' Pholcus phalangioides'', but is also the common name for several other arthropod groups, including harvestmen and crane flies. Appearance Pholcids are thin and delicate arachnids. The body, resembling the shape of a peanut, is approximately 2–10 mm (0.08–0.39 inch) in length, and the legs may be up to 50 mm (1.97 inches) long. ''Pholcus'' and ''Smeringopus'' have cylindrical abdomens and eyes arranged in two lateral groups of three and two smaller median contiguous eyes. Arrangements of eight and six ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dipluridae
The family Dipluridae, known as curtain-web spiders (or confusingly with other distantly related ones as funnel-web tarantulas) are a group of spiders in the infraorder Mygalomorphae, that have two pairs of booklungs, and chelicerae (fangs) that move up and down in a stabbing motion. A number of genera, including that of the Sydney funnel-web spider (''Atrax''), used to be classified in this family but have now been moved to Hexathelidae. Description Dipluridae lack a rastellum (stout conical spines) on their chelicerae. Their carapace is characterized by the head region not being higher than the thoracic region. Their posterior median spinnerets (silk-extruding organs) are much shorter than their posterior lateral spinnerets, which have three segments, and are elongated (almost as long as their opisthosoma). Most of the species are medium to small-sized spiders; some may measure about 15 mm.Murphy & Murphy 2000 The cave species ''Masteria caeca'' is eyeless. Biology Memb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Filistatidae
Crevice weaver spiders (Filistatidae) comprise cribellate spiders with features that have been regarded as "primitive" for araneomorph spiders. They are weavers of funnel or tube webs. The family contains 18 genera and more than 120 described species worldwide. One of the most abundant members of this family in the Americas is the southern house spider (''Kukulcania hibernalis''). Named after the fierce Meso-American god Kukulkan, the females are large (up to nearly 20 mm) dark-colored spiders and males are light brown, smaller (about 10 mm), but more long-legged and with palps that are held together in front of their carapaces like the horn of a unicorn. The males also have a darker streak on the center of the dorsal carapace that causes them to be often mistaken for brown recluse spiders. The tiny members of the genus ''Filistatinella'' are like miniature versions of ''Kukulcania''. The nominate genus ''Filistata'' is Afro-Eurasian in distribution. In many older ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomisidae
The Thomisidae are a family of spiders, including about 170 genera and over 2,100 species. The common name crab spider is often linked to species in this family, but is also applied loosely to many other families of spiders. Many members of this family are also known as flower spiders or flower crab spiders. Description Members of this family of spiders do not spin webs, and are ambush predators. The two front legs are usually longer and more robust than the rest of the legs. The back two legs are smaller, and are usually covered in a series of strong spines. They have dull colorations such as brown, grey, or very bright green, pink, white or yellow. They gain their name from the shape of their body, and they usually move sideways or backwards. These spiders are quite easy to identify and can very rarely be confused with Sparassidae family, though the crab spiders are usually smaller. Etymology Spiders in this family are called "crab spiders" due to their resemblance to crabs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cithaeronidae
Cithaeronidae is a small family of araneomorph spiders first described by Simon in 1893 Female ''Cithaeron'' are about long, males about . They are pale yellowish, fast-moving spiders that actively hunt at night and rest during the day, building silken retreats below rocks. They prefer very hot, dry stony places. Distribution While ''Inthaeron'' occurs only in India, members of the genus ''Cithaeron'' are found in Africa, India and parts of Eurasia. Three adult females of ''C. praedonius'' were found in Teresina, PiauÃ, Brazil. As they were found in and near human housings, they presumably were accidentally introduced. This is probably also the case for finds in the Northern Territory of Australia. Another population of ''C. praedonius'' has been discovered in Florida U.S.A., with reports of a stable breeding population.(Pers. comm. Joseph Stiles) Genera and Species This section lists all described species accepted by the World Spider Catalog : ''Cithaeron'' O. Pickard-Ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hahniidae
Dwarf sheet spiders (Hahniidae) is a family of araneomorph spiders, first described by Philipp Bertkau in 1878. Their bodies are about long, and they build extremely delicate webs in the form of a sheet. Unlike many spiders the web does not lead to a retreat. The silk used in these webs is so fine that they are difficult to spot unless they are coated with dew. They greatly favor locations near water or near moss, and are often found in leaf litter and detritus or on the leaves of shrubs and trees. Description They are characterized by the arrangement of their six spinnerets in a transverse row. The last segment of the outer spinnerets is quite long and stands out above all the others. Distribution Hahniidae are a worldwide family. The genera of the Northern Hemisphere and Africa tend to differ in their genital structures from those of the Southern Hemisphere. Very few species have been described from southeast Asia, although quite a number seems to be yet undescribed. Name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theridiidae
Theridiidae, also known as the tangle-web spiders, cobweb spiders and comb-footed spiders, is a large family of Araneomorphae, araneomorph spiders first described by Carl Jakob Sundevall in 1833. This diverse, globally distributed family includes over 3,000 species in 124 genus, genera, and is the most common arthropod found in human dwellings throughout the world. Theridiid spiders are both Entelegynae, entelegyne, meaning that the females have a genital plate, and Cribellum, ecribellate, meaning that they spin sticky capture silk instead of woolly silk. They have a comb of serrated bristles (setae) on the Arthropod leg, tarsus of the fourth leg. The family includes some model organisms for research, including the List of medically significant spider bites, medically important Latrodectus, widow spiders. They are important to studies characterizing their venom and its clinical manifestation, but widow spiders are also used in research on spider silk and sexual biology, including ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
