Abū Hāshīm al-Jubbā'ī was a

mu'tazili Mu'tazilism (, singular ) is an Islamic theological school that appeared in early Islamic history and flourished in Basra and Baghdad. Its adherents, the Mu'tazilites, were known for their neutrality in the dispute between Ali and his opponents ...

theologian. He was born in 888 in

Basra Basra () is a port city in Iraq, southern Iraq. It is the capital of the eponymous Basra Governorate, as well as the List of largest cities of Iraq, third largest city in Iraq overall, behind Baghdad and Mosul. Located near the Iran–Iraq bor ...

, and died in 933 in

Baghdad Baghdad ( or ; , ) is the capital and List of largest cities of Iraq, largest city of Iraq, located along the Tigris in the central part of the country. With a population exceeding 7 million, it ranks among the List of largest cities in the A ...

. He was the son of Abū 'Alī Muḥammad al-Jubbā'ī, a prominent Mu'tazila scholar who was also the teacher of Abu al-Hassan al-Ash'ari.

Biography

His main teacher in theology was his own father. After the latter's death in 915, he became the leader of the Mutazilite school of Basra. Around 926, he had to leave for Baghdad because of his poverty. Later his thoughts were known to be associated with the

Bahshamiyya Bahshamiyya (, also known as "Ba Hashimiyya") was a Mu'tazili-influenced school of thought, rivaling the school of Abd al-Jabbar ibn Ahmad, based primarily on the earlier teaching of Abu Hashim al-Jubba'i, the son of Abu 'Ali Muhammad al-Jubba'i. ...

movement, a sub-school of Mu'tazilism.

Doctrine

He is known for having introduced the theory of modes (''ahwal'') into theology. This theory is intended to explain the nature of the divine attributes. It will be taken up by other theologians, not only Mutazilites, but also from the rival Ash'arite school, like Al-Baqillani. Abû 'Alî ibn Khallâd and Abû 'Abdullâh al-Husain ibn 'Alî al-Basrî were his students.

References

* (fr) ʻAbd al-Raḥmān Badawī. ''Histoire de la philosophie en islam'', p. 180 sq https://books.google.com/books?id=I0ANAAAAIAAJ Jubba'i People from Khuzestan province 10th-century Muslim scholars of Islam 888 births 933 deaths {{Islam-bio-stub