The 71st Regiment of Foot was a

Highland Highlands or uplands are areas of high elevation such as a mountainous region, elevated mountainous plateau or high hills. Generally speaking, upland (or uplands) refers to ranges of hills, typically from up to while highland (or highlands) is ...

regiment A regiment is a military unit. Its role and size varies markedly, depending on the country, service and/or a specialisation. In Medieval Europe, the term "regiment" denoted any large body of front-line soldiers, recruited or conscripted ...

in the

British Army The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, a part of the British Armed Forces along with the Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force. , the British Army comprises 79,380 regular full-time personnel, 4,090 Gurk ...

, raised in 1777. Under the

Childers Reforms The Childers Reforms of 1881 reorganised the infantry regiments of the British Army. The reforms were done by Secretary of State for War Hugh Childers during 1881, and were a continuation of the earlier Cardwell Reforms. The reorganisation was ...

it amalgamated with the 74th (Highland) Regiment of Foot to become the 1st Battalion, Highland Light Infantry in 1881.

History

Formation

The regiment was raised at Elgin by Major-General

John Mackenzie, Lord MacLeod John Mackenzie, Lord MacLeod (17272 April 1789) was a Scottish Jacobite politician and soldier of fortune. Life Born at Castle Leod near Strathpeffer, Scotland, he was the eldest son of George Mackenzie, 3rd Earl of Cromartie and Isabel G ...

as the 73rd (Highland) Regiment of Foot (McLeod's Highlanders) from Highland clans in December 1777.Cannon, p. 2 A second battalion was formed in September 1778.Cannon, p. 3 The 1st battalion embarked for

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

in January 1779Cannon, p. 5 and, having landed some troops at Gorée in

Senegal Senegal,; Wolof: ''Senegaal''; Pulaar: 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 (Senegaali); Arabic: السنغال ''As-Sinighal'') officially the Republic of Senegal,; Wolof: ''Réewum Senegaal''; Pulaar : 𞤈𞤫𞤲𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤣𞤭 � ...

on the way, reached

Madras Chennai (, ), formerly known as Madras ( the official name until 1996), is the capital city of Tamil Nadu, the southernmost Indian state. The largest city of the state in area and population, Chennai is located on the Coromandel Coast of th ...

in January 1780.Cannon, p. 7 The flank companies were captured at Conjeveram in September 1780 during the

Second Anglo-Mysore War The Second Anglo-Mysore War was a conflict between the Kingdom of Mysore and the British East India Company from 1780 to 1784. At the time, Mysore was a key French ally in India, and the conflict between Britain against the French and Dutch in ...

.Cannon, p. 9 The battalion went on to take part in the Battle of Porto Novo in July 1781,Cannon, p. 14 the

Battle of Pollilur The Battle of Pollilur (a.k.a. Pullalur), also known as the Battle of Polilore or Battle of Perambakam, took place on 10 September 1780 at Pollilur near Conjeevaram, the city of Kanchipuram in present-day Tamil Nadu state, India, as part of th ...

in August 1781Cannon, p. 15 and the

Battle of Sholinghur The Battle of Sholinghur was fought on 27 September 1781 at Sholinghur, West of Chennai (Madras), between forces of the Kingdom of Mysore led by Hyder Ali and East India Company forces led by General Eyre Coote. Haider Ali's forces were surpris ...

in September 1781.Cannon, p. 17 After that the battalion took part in the

siege of Cuddalore The siege of Cuddalore was a siege attempt by British troops against a combined French and Mysorean garrison at the fortress of Cuddalore in the Second Anglo-Mysore War. The siege ended when news arrived of a preliminary peace treaty betwee ...

in June 1783.Cannon, p. 30 Meanwhile, the 2nd battalion, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel

George Mackenzie George Mackenzie may refer to: People *George Mackenzie of Rosehaugh (1636–1691), Scottish lawyer *George Mackenzie, 1st Earl of Cromartie (1630–1714), Scottish Secretary of State *George Mackenzie, 2nd Earl of Seaforth (died 1651), Highland cl ...

, embarked for the

Mediterranean Sea The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the ea ...

and served as

marines Marines, or naval infantry, are typically a military force trained to operate in littoral zones in support of naval operations. Historically, tasks undertaken by marines have included helping maintain discipline and order aboard the ship (refle ...

at the Battle of Cape St. Vincent in January 1780 before being landed at

Gibraltar ) , anthem = " God Save the King" , song = " Gibraltar Anthem" , image_map = Gibraltar location in Europe.svg , map_alt = Location of Gibraltar in Europe , map_caption = United Kingdom shown in pale green , mapsize = , image_map2 = Gib ...

later that month and then taking part in the

Great Siege of Gibraltar The Great Siege of Gibraltar was an unsuccessful attempt by Spain and France to capture Gibraltar from the British during the War of the American Revolution. It was the largest battle in the war by number of combatants. The American war had end ...

; the battalion was disbanded in 1783. The regiment was redesignated as the 71st (Highland) Regiment of Foot (MacLeod's Highlanders) in 1786 and saw action at the siege of Seringapatam in February 1792 during the

Third Anglo-Mysore War The Third Anglo-Mysore War (1790–1792) was a conflict in South India between the Kingdom of Mysore and the British East India Company, the Kingdom of Travancore, the Maratha Empire, and the Nizam of Hyderabad. It was the third of four Anglo- ...

.Cannon, p. 49

Napoleonic Wars

71st Highland Light Infantry memorial, Glasgow Cathedral

Remaining in India, the regiment fought at the siege of Pondicherry in August 1793Cannon, p. 52 during the

French Revolutionary Wars The French Revolutionary Wars (french: Guerres de la Révolution française) were a series of sweeping military conflicts lasting from 1792 until 1802 and resulting from the French Revolution. They pitted French First Republic, France against Ki ...

before transferring to

Ceylon Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...

in August 1795 and returning to Scotland in August 1798.Cannon, p. 54 A second battalion was again raised in October 1804 but remained in Scotland throughout the War. The 1st battalion embarked for the

Cape of Good Hope The Cape of Good Hope ( af, Kaap die Goeie Hoop ) ;''Kaap'' in isolation: pt, Cabo da Boa Esperança is a rocky headland on the Atlantic coast of the Cape Peninsula in South Africa. A common misconception is that the Cape of Good Hope is t ...

in August 1805 and took part in the Battle of Blaauwberg in January 1806.Cannon, p. 58 The battalion then sailed for

South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the southe ...

and took part in the disastrous expedition against

Buenos Aires Buenos Aires ( or ; ), officially the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires ( es, link=no, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires), is the capital and primate city of Argentina. The city is located on the western shore of the Río de la Plata, on South ...

under

Sir Home Popham Rear Admiral Sir Home Riggs Popham, KCB, KCH (12 October 1762 – 20 September 1820), was a Royal Navy commander who saw service against the French during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. He is remembered for his scientific accomplishme ...

. The battalion was taken prisoner and the Regimental Colours were captured.Cannon, p. 63 New colours were presented to the regiment by Lieutenant-General Sir John Floyd in April 1808. The 1st battalion was reformed and embarked for

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of ...

in June 1808 for service in the

Peninsular War The Peninsular War (1807–1814) was the military conflict fought in the Iberian Peninsula by Spain, Portugal, and the United Kingdom against the invading and occupying forces of the First French Empire during the Napoleonic Wars. In Spain ...

.Cannon, p. 67 Renamed the 71st (Glasgow Highland) Regiment of Foot later that month, it saw action at the

Battle of Roliça In the Battle of Roliça (17 August 1808) an Anglo-Portuguese army under Sir Arthur Wellesley defeated an outnumbered Imperial French division under General of Division Henri François Delaborde, near the village of Roliça in Portugal. The ...

in August 1808,Cannon, p. 68 the Battle of Vimeiro later that monthCannon, p. 69 and Battle of Corunna in January 1809Cannon, p. 73 before being evacuated from the Peninsula.Cannon, p. 74 In March 1809 it became a light infantry regiment, and the regiment next took part in the disastrous Walcheren Campaign in autumn 1809Cannon, p. 78 before returning home and being renamed the 71st (Highland) Regiment of Foot (Light Infantry) in spring 1810. The regiment returned to the Peninsular in September 1810Cannon, p. 81 and saw action at the Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro in May 1811,Cannon, p. 84 the

Battle of Arroyo dos Molinos The Battle of Arroyo dos Molinos took place on 28 October 1811 during the Peninsular War. An allied force under General Rowland Hill trapped and defeated a French force under General Jean-Baptiste Girard, forcing the latter's dismissal by ...

in October 1811Cannon, p. 87 and the

Battle of Almaraz The Battle of Almaraz was a battle of the Peninsular War which took place on 18–19 May 1812, in which the Anglo-Portuguese Army under Lord Hill destroyed a French pontoon bridge across the River Tagus, in Almaraz, Spain. The bridge was ...

in May 1812Cannon, p. 90 as well as the Battle of Vitoria in June 1813.Cannon, p. 94 It then pursued the French Army into France and fought at the

Battle of the Pyrenees The Battle of the Pyrenees was a large-scale offensive (the author David Chandler recognises the 'battle' as an offensive) launched on 25 July 1813 by Marshal Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult from the Pyrénées region on Emperor Napoleon’s ord ...

in July 1813,Cannon, p. 97 the Battle of Nivelle in November 1813Cannon, p. 102 and the Battle of the Nive in December 1813 as well as the

Battle of Orthez The Battle of Orthez (27 February 1814) saw the Anglo-Spanish-Portuguese Army under Field Marshal Arthur Wellesley, Marquess of Wellington attack an Imperial French army led by Marshal Nicolas Soult in southern France. The outnumbered Fr ...

in February 1814Cannon, p. 104 and the Battle of Toulouse in April 1814. The battalion returned home in July 1814 and then embarked for

Ostend Ostend ( nl, Oostende, ; french: link=no, Ostende ; german: link=no, Ostende ; vls, Ostende) is a coastal city and municipality, located in the province of West Flanders in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It comprises the boroughs of Mariakerk ...

in April 1815: it saw action as part of the 3rd Brigade at the

Battle of Waterloo The Battle of Waterloo was fought on Sunday 18 June 1815, near Waterloo, Belgium, Waterloo (at that time in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, now in Belgium). A French army under the command of Napoleon was defeated by two of the armie ...

in June 1815.Cannon, p. 108

The Victorian era

The regiment embarked for

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...

in May 1824 and then moved on to

Bermuda ) , anthem = "God Save the King" , song_type = National song , song = " Hail to Bermuda" , image_map = , map_caption = , image_map2 = , mapsize2 = , map_caption2 = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = , e ...

in October 1831Cannon, p. 118 before returning to England in September 1834.Cannon, p. 119 It returned to Canada in April 1838 and then moved to

Antigua Antigua ( ), also known as Waladli or Wadadli by the native population, is an island in the Lesser Antilles. It is one of the Leeward Islands in the Caribbean region and the main island of the country of Antigua and Barbuda. Antigua and Bar ...

in December 1844Cannon, p. 121 before returning home in January 1847. The regiment embarked for

Corfu Corfu (, ) or Kerkyra ( el, Κέρκυρα, Kérkyra, , ; ; la, Corcyra.) is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea, of the Ionian Islands, and, including its small satellite islands, forms the margin of the northwestern frontier of Greece. The isl ...

in 1853 and then landed in the

Crimea Crimea, crh, Къырым, Qırım, grc, Κιμμερία / Ταυρική, translit=Kimmería / Taurikḗ ( ) is a peninsula in Ukraine, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, that has been occupied by Russia since 2014. It has a pop ...

for service in the

Crimean War The Crimean War, , was fought from October 1853 to February 1856 between Russia and an ultimately victorious alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, the United Kingdom and Piedmont-Sardinia. Geopolitical causes of the war included the de ...

: it saw action at the siege of Sevastopol in winter 1854. The regiment went on to India to help suppress the

Indian Rebellion The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major uprising in India in 1857–58 against Company rule in India, the rule of the East India Company, British East India Company, which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the The Crown, British ...

in 1857 and remained there for the

Ambela Campaign The Ambela campaign (also called Umbeyla; Umbeylah; Ambeyla) in 1863 was one of many expeditions in the border area between the Emirate of Afghanistan and the Punjab Province of British India (this area was formally renamed to North-West Frontie ...

in 1863. The regiment returned home in 1865 and then embarked for Gibraltar in 1868 before returning home again in 1880. As part of the

Cardwell Reforms The Cardwell Reforms were a series of reforms of the British Army undertaken by Secretary of State for War Edward Cardwell between 1868 and 1874 with the support of Liberal prime minister William Ewart Gladstone. Gladstone paid little attention ...

of the 1870s, where single-battalion regiments were linked together to share a single depot and recruiting district in the United Kingdom, the 71st was linked with the

78th (Highlanders) Regiment of Foot The 78th (Highlanders) Regiment of Foot was a Highland Infantry Regiment of the Line, raised in 1793. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with 72nd Regiment, Duke of Albany's Own Highlanders to form the Seaforth Highlanders in 1881. ...

, and assigned to district no. 55 at Cameron Barracks in

Inverness Inverness (; from the gd, Inbhir Nis , meaning "Mouth of the River Ness"; sco, Innerness) is a city in the Scottish Highlands. It is the administrative centre for The Highland Council and is regarded as the capital of the Highlands. Histori ...

. On 1 July 1881 the

came into effect and the regiment amalgamated with the 74th (Highland) Regiment of Foot to form the 1st and 2nd Battalions, Highland Light Infantry.

Battle honours

Battle honours awarded to the regiment were: * Hindoostan * Cape of Good Hope 1806 * Peninsular War: Rolica, Vimiera, Corunna, Fuentes d'Onor,

Almaraz Almaraz is a town in Cáceres Province, Extremadura, Spain. As of 2005, its population is 1,295. It is on the European route E90. It is the home of the Almaraz Nuclear Power Plant. A large solar power plant is being built in the town. The bridge ...

, Vittoria,

Pyrenees The Pyrenees (; es, Pirineos ; french: Pyrénées ; ca, Pirineu ; eu, Pirinioak ; oc, Pirenèus ; an, Pirineus) is a mountain range straddling the border of France and Spain. It extends nearly from its union with the Cantabrian Mountains to C ...

Nive The Nive (; eu, Errobi; oc, Niva) is a French river that flows through the French Basque Country. It is a left tributary of the river Adour. It is long. The river's source in the Pyrenees in Lower Navarre. The river Nive was made famous by th ...

, Orthes, Peninsula *Napoleonic Wars:

Waterloo Waterloo most commonly refers to: * Battle of Waterloo, a battle on 18 June 1815 in which Napoleon met his final defeat * Waterloo, Belgium, where the battle took place. Waterloo may also refer to: Other places Antarctica *King George Island (S ...

* Crimean War:

Sevastopol Sevastopol (; uk, Севасто́поль, Sevastópolʹ, ; gkm, Σεβαστούπολις, Sevastoúpolis, ; crh, Акъя́р, Aqyár, ), sometimes written Sebastopol, is the largest city in Crimea, and a major port on the Black Sea ...

* Central India

Colonels

Colonels of the regiment were:

73rd (Highland) Regiment of Foot (MacLeod's Highlanders)

*1777–1789: Maj-Gen.

71st (Highland) Regiment of Foot (MacLeod's Highlanders) – 1786

*1789–1803: Gen. Hon. William Gordon of Fyvie *1803–1809: Gen. Rt. Hon. Sir John Cradock, 1st Baron Howden

71st (Glasgow Highland Light Infantry) Regiment of Foot – 1809

*1809–1824: Gen. Francis Dundas

71st (Highland) Regiment of Foot (Light Infantry) – 1810

*1824–1829: Gen. Sir

Gordon Drummond General Sir Gordon Drummond, GCB (27 September 1772 – 10 October 1854) was a Canadian-born British Army officer and the first official to command the military and the civil government of Canada. As Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada, Drumm ...

, GCB *1829–1838: Gen. Sir

Colin Halkett General (United Kingdom), General Sir Colin Halkett (7 September 1774 – 24 September 1856) was a British Army officer who became Lieutenant Governor of Jersey. Family Halkett came from a military family. His father was Major General Frederick ...

, KCB, KCH *1838–1841: Lt-Gen. Sir Samuel Ford Whittingham, KCB, KCH *1841–1848: Lt-Gen. Sir

Thomas Reynell Thomas Reynell (13 September 1625 – 1698) of East Ogwell, Devon, was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1654 and 1689. Reynell was the eldest son of Sir Richard Reynell of East Ogwell, ...

, 6th Baronet, KCB *1848–1849: Lt-Gen. Sir

Thomas Arbuthnot Lieutenant General Sir Thomas Arbuthnot, KCB (11 September 1776 – 26 January 1849"''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''") was a British Army commander. Military career He was born in Rockfleet Castle, County Mayo, Ireland, the sixth ...

, KCB *1849–1857: Gen. Sir James Macdonell, GCB, KCH *1857–1863: Gen. Sir Thomas Erskine Napier, KCB *1863–1870: Gen. Hon. Charles Grey *1870–1874: Lt-Gen.

Robert Law Lieutenant-General Robert A. Law ( c. 1788 – May 16, 1874) was a British Army officer and colonial administrator for the colony of Newfoundland. Law was commissioned into the 71st Foot in 1809. He was promoted Lieutenant in 1811 and Captai ...

, KCB *1874–1880: Gen. Hon. Sir

George Cadogan General Sir George Cadogan (2 December 1814 – 27 January 1880) was a general in the British Army. Life The fifth son of George Cadogan, 3rd Earl Cadogan and Honoria Louisa Blake (and thus the younger brother of the 4th earl). He joined the ...

, KCB *1880–1881: Gen.

John Hamilton Elphinstone Dalrymple General John Hamilton Elphinstone Dalrymple, (5 January 1819 – 28 June 1888) was a senior British Army officer. He was born the son of Sir Robert Dalrymple-Horn-Elphinstone of Horn and Westhall, 1st Baronet. He joined the Scots Fusilier ...

, CB (to Highland Light Infantry) *''1881: Regiment amalgamated the 74th (Highland) Regiment of Foot to form the Highland Light Infantry''

References

Sources

External links

Clan Fraser Society of Canada
{{DEFAULTSORT:71st (Highland) Regiment of Foot Infantry regiments of the British Army Highland regiments Highland Light Infantry Regiment of Foot, 71st Military units and formations established in 1758 Military units and formations disestablished in 1881