The
nineteenth century marks the period beginning January 1, 1801 and ends December 31, 1900.
It was a period of dramatic change and rapid socio-cultural advancement, where society and culture are constantly changing with advancement of time.
The ''Fashion of the 19th Century'' strongly reflected the technology, art, politics and culture of the time of which were highly influential to the styles and silhouettes.
For women, fashion was an extravagant and extroverted display of the female silhouette with
corset
A corset is a support garment commonly worn to hold and train the torso into a desired shape, traditionally a smaller waist or larger bottom, for aesthetic or medical purposes (either for the duration of wearing it or with a more lasting eff ...
pinched waistlines, bustling full-skirts that flowed in and out of trend and decoratively
embellished
In sewing and crafts, an embellishment is anything that adds design interest to the piece.
Examples in sewing and craft
* appliqué can be made by sewing machine of decorative techniques and or
* embroidery, done either by machine or by hand
...
gowns. For men, three piece suits were tailored for usefulness in business as well as sporting activity.
The fashion in this article includes styles from the 19th Century through a Western context - namely
Europe
Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...
and
North America
North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and th ...
.
Historical overview and fashions
Early 1800s (1800-1829)
Technological innovations
At the turn of the 18th century, the Western world – namely Europe and the United States – were revelling in the prosperity of the rapid progress that came with the rise of the
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Great Britain, continental Europe, and the United States, that occurred during the period from around 1760 to about 1820–1840. This transition included going f ...
. The period from approximately 1760 to between 1820 and 1840 saw the transition to new
manufacturing
Manufacturing is the creation or production of goods with the help of equipment, labor, machines, tools, and chemical or biological processing or formulation. It is the essence of secondary sector of the economy. The term may refer to ...
processes from traditional hand production methods to new machine production methods.
[Landes, D.S. (1969). ''The Unbound Prometheus: technological change and industrial development in Western Europe from 1750 to present.'' Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.]
The
textile industry
The textile industry is primarily concerned with the design, production and distribution of yarn, textile, cloth and clothing. The raw material may be Natural material, natural, or synthetic using products of the chemical industry.
Industry p ...
was the first to use modern production techniques, namely mechanised
cotton spinning with automatic machine looms.
With the arrival of automated methods, through industrialisation came too the creation of
factories which maximised productivity and enhanced efficient production. The unprecedented rapid and sustained economic growth demonstrated by the textile industry – through employment and value output – saw huge changes in the affordability of clothes and
material
Material is a substance or mixture of substances that constitutes an object. Materials can be pure or impure, living or non-living matter. Materials can be classified on the basis of their physical and chemical properties, or on their geolo ...
s as prices fell.
Art, culture and politics
The early 19th century saw a shift from 18th century
Enlightenment ideologies of order, reason and rationalism to new values of imagination and emotion with the emergence of
Romanticism
Romanticism (also known as the Romantic movement or Romantic era) was an artistic, literary, musical, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century, and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate ...
.
[Galitz, K.C. (2004). Romanticism. In ''Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History.'' New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved from https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/roma/hd_roma.htm Retrieved September 7, 2020.] The period of Romanticism from around 1800-1840 emphasised an opposition to stability, celebrating an appreciation of the chaotic which admires creativity, individuality, subjectivity, spontaneity, the sensory and the
transcendental.
In England, this period is also known as the
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