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Pre-1600

*
365 365 may refer to: * 365 (number), an integer * a common year, consisting of 365 calendar days * AD 365, a year of the Julian calendar * 365 BC, a year of the 4th century BC Media outlets * 365 (media corporation), Icelandic TV company * 365 Med ...
– The Alemanni cross the
Rhine ), Surselva, Graubünden, Switzerland , source1_coordinates= , source1_elevation = , source2 = Rein Posteriur/Hinterrhein , source2_location = Paradies Glacier, Graubünden, Switzerland , source2_coordinates= , so ...
and invade
Gaul Gaul ( la, Gallia) was a region of Western Europe first described by the Romans. It was inhabited by Celtic and Aquitani tribes, encompassing present-day France, Belgium, Luxembourg, most of Switzerland, parts of Northern Italy (only during ...
. Emperor
Valentinian I Valentinian I ( la, Valentinianus; 32117 November 375), sometimes called Valentinian the Great, was Roman emperor from 364 to 375. Upon becoming emperor, he made his brother Valens his co-emperor, giving him rule of the eastern provinces. Val ...
moves to
Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), ma ...
to command the army and defend the Gallic cities. *
996 Year 996 ( CMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Japan * February - Chotoku Incident: Fujiwara no Korechika and Takaie shoot an arrow at Retired Em ...
– Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk,
Bishop of Freising The following people were bishops, prince-bishops or archbishops of Freising or Munich and Freising in Bavaria: Bishops of Freising * St. Corbinian (724–730); founded the Benedictine abbey in Freising, although the diocese was not orga ...
, which is the oldest known document using the name ''
Ostarrîchi The German name of Austria, , derives from the Old High German word "eastern realm", recorded in the so-called '' Document'' of 996, applied to the Margraviate of Austria, a march, or borderland, of the Duchy of Bavaria created in 976. The na ...
'' (Austria in
Old High German Old High German (OHG; german: Althochdeutsch (Ahd.)) is the earliest stage of the German language, conventionally covering the period from around 750 to 1050. There is no standardised or supra-regional form of German at this period, and Old High ...
). *
1009 Year 1009 ( MIX) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * February 14 or March 9 – The first known mention is made of the name of Lithuania, in connection with the murder of Bruno ...
Berber forces led by Sulayman ibn al-Hakam defeat the
Umayyad The Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE; , ; ar, ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْأُمَوِيَّة, al-Khilāfah al-ʾUmawīyah) was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. The caliphate was ruled by the ...
caliph Muhammad II of Córdoba in the battle of
Alcolea Alcolea is a municipality of Almería province, in Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond ...
. *
1141 Year 1141 ( MCXLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events * February 2 – The Anarchy in the Kingdom of England – Battle of Lincoln: Robert, 1st Earl of Glouces ...
Empress Matilda's reign as 'Lady of the English' ends with
Stephen of Blois Stephen (1092 or 1096 – 25 October 1154), often referred to as Stephen of Blois, was King of England from 22 December 1135 to his death in 1154. He was Count of Boulogne ''jure uxoris'' from 1125 until 1147 and Duke of Normandy from 1135 unti ...
regaining the title of 'King of
England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...
'. *
1179 Year 1179 ( MCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Levant * April 10 – A Crusader army led by King Baldwin IV (the Leper) is ambushed by Musl ...
Philip II Philip II may refer to: * Philip II of Macedon (382–336 BC) * Philip II (emperor) (238–249), Roman emperor * Philip II, Prince of Taranto (1329–1374) * Philip II, Duke of Burgundy (1342–1404) * Philip II, Duke of Savoy (1438-1497) * Philip ...
is crowned as 'King of
France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...
'. *
1214 Year 1214 ( MCCXIV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 1214th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 214th year of the 2nd millennium, the ...
– The port city of Sinope surrenders to the
Seljuq Turks The Seljuk dynasty, or Seljukids ( ; fa, سلجوقیان ''Saljuqian'', alternatively spelled as Seljuqs or Saljuqs), also known as Seljuk Turks, Seljuk Turkomans "The defeat in August 1071 of the Byzantine emperor Romanos Diogenes by the Turk ...
. *
1348 Year 1348 ( MCCCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 1348th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 348th year of the 2nd millennium, the 48 ...
– The anti-royalist Union of Valencia attacks the Jews of
Murviedro Sagunto ( ca-valencia, Sagunt) is a municipality of Spain, located in the province of Valencia, Valencian Community. It belongs to the modern fertile ''comarca'' of Camp de Morvedre. It is located c. 30 km north of the city of Valencia, cl ...
on the pretext that they are serfs of the
King of Valencia For the majority of the Middle Ages, Valencia was a constituent part of larger polities. From the time of the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula, Valencia was controlled by the Umayyad Caliphate in Damascus and the Emirate/Caliphate of ...
and thus "royalists". * 1503
Pope Julius II Pope Julius II ( la, Iulius II; it, Giulio II; born Giuliano della Rovere; 5 December 144321 February 1513) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 1503 to his death in February 1513. Nicknamed the Warrior Pope or th ...
is elected. *
1512 Year 1512 ( MDXII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * Mid-January – Following the death of Svante Nilsson, Eric Trolle is elected the new ...
– The ceiling of the
Sistine Chapel The Sistine Chapel (; la, Sacellum Sixtinum; it, Cappella Sistina ) is a chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the pope in Vatican City. Originally known as the ''Cappella Magna'' ('Great Chapel'), the chapel takes its nam ...
, painted by Michelangelo, is exhibited to the public for the first time. *
1520 __NOTOC__ Year 1520 ( MDXX) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 19 – King Christian II of Denmark and Norway defeats the Swedes, at ...
– The Strait of Magellan, the passage immediately south of mainland South America connecting the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans, is first discovered and navigated by European explorer
Ferdinand Magellan Ferdinand Magellan ( or ; pt, Fernão de Magalhães, ; es, link=no, Fernando de Magallanes, ; 4 February 1480 – 27 April 1521) was a Portuguese explorer. He is best known for having planned and led the 1519 Spanish expedition to the Eas ...
during the first recorded
circumnavigation Circumnavigation is the complete navigation around an entire island, continent, or astronomical body (e.g. a planet or moon). This article focuses on the circumnavigation of Earth. The first recorded circumnavigation of the Earth was the Mage ...
voyage. *
1555 Year 1555 ( MDLV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 22 – The Kingdom of Ava in Upper Burma falls. * February 2 – The Di ...
– French
Huguenot The Huguenots ( , also , ) were a religious group of French Protestants who held to the Reformed, or Calvinist, tradition of Protestantism. The term, which may be derived from the name of a Swiss political leader, the Genevan burgomaster Be ...
s establish the
France Antarctique France Antarctique (formerly also spelled ''France antartique'') was a French colony in Rio de Janeiro, in modern-day Brazil, which existed between 1555 and 1567, and had control over the coast from Rio de Janeiro to Cabo Frio. The colony quickly ...
colony in present-day
Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a ...
, Brazil. *
1570 __NOTOC__ Year 1570 ( MDLXX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 8 – Ivan the Terrible begins the Massacre of Novgorod. * Janua ...
– The All Saints' Flood devastates the Dutch coast.


1601–1900

*
1604 Events January–June * January 1 – '' The Masque of Indian and China Knights'' is performed by courtiers of James VI and I at Hampton Court. * January 14 – The Hampton Court Conference is held between James I of England ...
William Shakespeare William Shakespeare ( 26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet and actor. He is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's nation ...
's tragedy '' Othello'' is performed for the first time, at
Whitehall Palace The Palace of Whitehall (also spelt White Hall) at Westminster was the main residence of the English monarchs from 1530 until 1698, when most of its structures, except notably Inigo Jones's Banqueting House of 1622, were destroyed by fire. H ...
in London. *
1611 Events January–June * February 27 – Sunspots are observed by telescope, by Frisian astronomers Johannes Fabricius and David Fabricius. Johannes publishes the results of these observations, in ''De Maculis in Sole observat ...
– Shakespeare's play '' The Tempest'' is performed for the first time, at Whitehall Palace in London. *
1612 Events January–June * January 6 – Axel Oxenstierna becomes Lord High Chancellor of Sweden. He persuades the Riksdag of the Estates to grant the Swedish nobility the right and privilege to hold all higher offices of govern ...
– During the
Time of Troubles The Time of Troubles (russian: Смутное время, ), or Smuta (russian: Смута), was a period of political crisis during the Tsardom of Russia which began in 1598 with the death of Fyodor I (Fyodor Ivanovich, the last of the Rurik dy ...
, Polish troops are expelled from Moscow's
Kitay-gorod Kitay-gorod ( rus, Китай-город, p=kʲɪˈtaj ˈɡorət), also referred to as the Great Possad () in the 16th and 17th centuries, is a cultural and historical area within the central part of Moscow in Russia, defined by the remnants ...
by Russian troops under the command of
Dmitry Pozharsky Dmitry Mikhaylovich Pozharsky ( rus, Дми́трий Миха́йлович Пожа́рский, p=ˈdmʲitrʲɪj mʲɪˈxajləvʲɪtɕ pɐˈʐarskʲɪj; 17 October 1577 – 30 April 1642) was a Russian prince known for his military leadersh ...
(
22 October Events Pre-1600 * 451 – The Chalcedonian Creed, regarding the divine and human nature of Jesus, is adopted by the Council of Chalcedon, an ecumenical council. * 794 – Emperor Kanmu relocates the Japanese capital to Heian-kyō (n ...
O.S.). *
1683 Events January–March * January 5 – The Brandenburger—African Company, of the German state of Brandenburg, signs a treaty with representatives of the Ahanta tribe (in what is now Ghana), to establish the fort and settlement ...
– The British Crown
colony of New York The Province of New York (1664–1776) was a British proprietary colony and later royal colony on the northeast coast of North America. As one of the Middle Colonies, New York achieved independence and worked with the others to found the Unit ...
is subdivided into 12
counties A county is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposesChambers Dictionary, L. Brookes (ed.), 2005, Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, Edinburgh in certain modern nations. The term is derived from the Old French ...
. * 1688
William III of Orange William III (William Henry; ; 4 November 16508 March 1702), also widely known as William of Orange, was the sovereign Prince of Orange from birth, Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel in the Dutch Republic from ...
sets out a second time from
Hellevoetsluis Hellevoetsluis () is a small city and municipality in the western Netherlands. It is located in Voorne-Putten, South Holland. The municipality covers an area of of which is water and it includes the population centres Nieuw-Helvoet, Nieuwenhoo ...
in the Netherlands to seize the crowns of England, Scotland and Ireland from
King James II of England James VII and II (14 October 1633 16 September 1701) was King of England and King of Ireland as James II, and King of Scotland as James VII from the death of his elder brother, Charles II, on 6 February 1685. He was deposed in the Glorious Re ...
during the Glorious Revolution. *
1755 Events January–March * January 23 (O. S. January 12, Tatiana Day, nowadays celebrated on January 25) – Moscow University is established. * February 13 – The kingdom of Mataram on Java is divided in two, creating th ...
– In Portugal, Lisbon is totally devastated by a massive earthquake and
tsunami A tsunami ( ; from ja, 津波, lit=harbour wave, ) is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater exp ...
, killing between 60,000 and 90,000 people. * 1765 – The
British Parliament The Parliament of the United Kingdom is the supreme legislative body of the United Kingdom, the Crown Dependencies and the British Overseas Territories. It meets at the Palace of Westminster, London. It alone possesses legislative suprem ...
enacts the Stamp Act on the
Thirteen Colonies The Thirteen Colonies, also known as the Thirteen British Colonies, the Thirteen American Colonies, or later as the United Colonies, were a group of British colonies on the Atlantic coast of North America. Founded in the 17th and 18th cent ...
in order to help pay for British military operations in North America. *
1790 Events January–March * January 8 – United States President George Washington gives the first State of the Union address, in New York City. * January 11 – The 11 minor states of the Austrian Netherlands, which took ...
Edmund Burke Edmund Burke (; 12 January NS.html"_;"title="New_Style.html"_;"title="/nowiki>New_Style">NS">New_Style.html"_;"title="/nowiki>New_Style">NS/nowiki>_1729_–_9_July_1797)_was_an_NS.html"_;"title="New_Style.html"_;"title="/nowiki>New_Style">N ...
publishes ''
Reflections on the Revolution in France ''Reflections on the Revolution in France'' is a political pamphlet written by the Irish statesman Edmund Burke and published in November 1790. It is fundamentally a contrast of the French Revolution to that time with the unwritten British Const ...
'', in which he predicts that the
French Revolution The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in coup of 18 Brumaire, November 1799. Many of its ...
will end in a disaster. *
1800 As of March 1 ( O.S. February 18), when the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 12 days until February 28 ( O.S. February 16 ...
John Adams John Adams (October 30, 1735 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, attorney, diplomat, writer, and Founding Father who served as the second president of the United States from 1797 to 1801. Before his presidency, he was a leader of t ...
becomes the first President of the United States to live in the Executive Mansion (later renamed the
White House The White House is the official residence and workplace of the president of the United States. It is located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C., and has been the residence of every U.S. president since John Adams in ...
). *
1805 After thirteen years the First French Empire abolished the French Republican Calendar in favour of the Gregorian calendar. Events January–March * January 11 – The Michigan Territory is created. * February 7 – King Anouvong become ...
Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader wh ...
invades
Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...
during the
War of the Third Coalition The War of the Third Coalition) * In French historiography, it is known as the Austrian campaign of 1805 (french: Campagne d'Autriche de 1805) or the German campaign of 1805 (french: Campagne d'Allemagne de 1805) was a European conflict spanni ...
. *
1814 Events January * January 1 – War of the Sixth Coalition – The Royal Prussian Army led by Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher crosses the Rhine. * January 3 ** War of the Sixth Coalition – Siege of Cattaro: French garrison ...
Congress of Vienna The Congress of Vienna (, ) of 1814–1815 was a series of international diplomatic meetings to discuss and agree upon a possible new layout of the European political and constitutional order after the downfall of the French Emperor Napoleon B ...
opens to re-draw the European political map after the defeat of France in the
Napoleonic Wars The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major global conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European states formed into various coalitions. It produced a period of Fren ...
. *
1848 1848 is historically famous for the wave of revolutions, a series of widespread struggles for more liberal governments, which broke out from Brazil to Hungary; although most failed in their immediate aims, they significantly altered the polit ...
– In
Boston Boston (), officially the City of Boston, is the state capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as well as the cultural and financial center of the New England region of the United States. It is the 24th- mo ...
,
Massachusetts Massachusetts (Massachusett: ''Muhsachuweesut Massachusett_writing_systems.html" ;"title="nowiki/> məhswatʃəwiːsət.html" ;"title="Massachusett writing systems">məhswatʃəwiːsət">Massachusett writing systems">məhswatʃəwiːsət'' En ...
, the first medical school for women, Boston Female Medical School (which later merged with the Boston University School of Medicine), opens. *
1861 Statistically, this year is considered the end of the whale oil industry and (in replacement) the beginning of the petroleum oil industry. Events January–March * January 1 ** Benito Juárez captures Mexico City. ** The first stea ...
American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), the latter formed by states ...
: U.S. President
Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln ( ; February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer, politician, and statesman who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. Lincoln led the nation thro ...
appoints
George B. McClellan George Brinton McClellan (December 3, 1826 – October 29, 1885) was an American soldier, Civil War Union general, civil engineer, railroad executive, and politician who served as the 24th governor of New Jersey. A graduate of West Point, McCl ...
as the commander of the
Union Army During the American Civil War, the Union Army, also known as the Federal Army and the Northern Army, referring to the United States Army, was the land force that fought to preserve the Union of the collective states. It proved essential to th ...
, replacing General
Winfield Scott Winfield Scott (June 13, 1786May 29, 1866) was an American military commander and political candidate. He served as a general in the United States Army from 1814 to 1861, taking part in the War of 1812, the Mexican–American War, the early s ...
. *
1870 Events January–March * January 1 ** The first edition of ''The Northern Echo'' newspaper is published in Priestgate, Darlington, England. ** Plans for the Brooklyn Bridge are completed. * January 3 – Construction of the ...
– In the United States, the Weather Bureau (later renamed the
National Weather Service The National Weather Service (NWS) is an agency of the United States federal government that is tasked with providing weather forecasts, warnings of hazardous weather, and other weather-related products to organizations and the public for the ...
) makes its first official meteorological forecast. *
1893 Events January–March * January 2 – Webb C. Ball introduces railroad chronometers, which become the general railroad timepiece standards in North America. * Mark Twain started writing Puddn'head Wilson. * January 6 – Th ...
– The Battle of Bembezi took place and was the most decisive battle won by the
British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies. ** Britishness, the British identity and common culture * British English, ...
in the
First Matabele War The First Matabele War was fought between 1893 and 1894 in modern-day Zimbabwe. It pitted the British South Africa Company against the Ndebele (Matabele) Kingdom. Lobengula, king of the Ndebele, had tried to avoid outright war with the compa ...
of 1893. *
1894 Events January–March * January 4 – A military alliance is established between the French Third Republic and the Russian Empire. * January 7 – William Kennedy Dickson receives a patent for motion picture film in the United S ...
Nicholas II becomes the new (and last)
Tsar of Russia This is a list of all reigning monarchs in the history of Russia. It includes the princes of medieval Rus′ state (both centralised, known as Kievan Rus′ and feudal, when the political center moved northeast to Vladimir and finally to Mos ...
after his father, Alexander III, dies. * 1894 – Buffalo Bill, 15 of his Native Americans, and
Annie Oakley Annie Oakley (born Phoebe Ann Mosey; August 13, 1860 – November 3, 1926) was an American sharpshooter who starred in Buffalo Bill's Wild West show. Oakley developed hunting skills as a child to provide for her impoverished family in western ...
were filmed by
Thomas Edison Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847October 18, 1931) was an American inventor and businessman. He developed many devices in fields such as electric power generation, mass communication, sound recording, and motion pictures. These inventi ...
in his Black Maria Studio in
West Orange, New Jersey West Orange is a suburban township in Essex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States Census, its population was 48,843, an increase of 2,636 (+5.7%) from the 46,207 counted in the 2010 Census.
. *
1896 Events January–March * January 2 – The Jameson Raid comes to an end, as Jameson surrenders to the Boers. * January 4 – Utah is admitted as the 45th U.S. state. * January 5 – An Austrian newspaper reports that ...
– A picture showing the bare breasts of a woman appears in '' National Geographic'' magazine for the first time. *
1897 Events January–March * January 2 – The International Alpha Omicron Pi sorority is founded, in New York City. * January 4 – A British force is ambushed by Chief Ologbosere, son-in-law of the ruler. This leads to a puni ...
– The first
Library of Congress The Library of Congress (LOC) is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the ''de facto'' national library of the United States. It is the oldest federal cultural institution in the country. The library ...
building opens its doors to the public; the library had previously been housed in the Congressional Reading Room in the
U.S. Capitol The United States Capitol, often called The Capitol or the Capitol Building, is the seat of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, which is formally known as the United States Congress. It is located on Capitol Hill at ...
. *
1897 Events January–March * January 2 – The International Alpha Omicron Pi sorority is founded, in New York City. * January 4 – A British force is ambushed by Chief Ologbosere, son-in-law of the ruler. This leads to a puni ...
– Italian Sport-Club Juventus is founded by a group of students of
Liceo Classico Massimo d'Azeglio Liceo Classico Massimo d'Azeglio is a public sixth form college/senior high school (''liceo classico'') in Turin, Italy. It is named after the politician Massimo d'Azeglio. History It was established as the Collegio di Porta Nuova in 1831 and be ...
.


1901–present

*
1905 As the second year of the massive Russo-Japanese War begins, more than 100,000 die in the largest world battles of that era, and the war chaos leads to the 1905 Russian Revolution against Nicholas II of Russia ( Shostakovich's 11th Symphony ...
Lahti Lahti (; sv, Lahtis) is a city and municipality in Finland. It is the capital of the region of Päijänne Tavastia (Päijät-Häme) and its growing region is one of the main economic hubs of Finland. Lahti is situated on a bay at the southern e ...
, the city of Finland, is granted city rights by Tsar
Nicholas II of Russia Nicholas II or Nikolai II Alexandrovich Romanov; spelled in pre-revolutionary script. ( 186817 July 1918), known in the Russian Orthodox Church as Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer,. was the last Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Polan ...
, the last Grand Duke of Finland. *
1911 A notable ongoing event was the Comparison of the Amundsen and Scott Expeditions, race for the South Pole. Events January * January 1 – A decade after federation, the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory ...
– World's first combat aerial bombing mission takes place in Libya during the
Italo-Turkish War The Italo-Turkish or Turco-Italian War ( tr, Trablusgarp Savaşı, "Tripolitanian War", it, Guerra di Libia, "War of Libya") was fought between the Kingdom of Italy and the Ottoman Empire from 29 September 1911, to 18 October 1912. As a result o ...
. Second Lieutenant
Giulio Gavotti Giulio Gavotti (17 October 1882 in Genoa–6 October 1939) was an Italian lieutenant and pilot who fought in the Italo-Turkish War. Aerial bombardment On 1 November 1911, he flew his early model Etrich Taube monoplane against Ottoman military i ...
of
Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...
drops several small bombs. *
1914 This year saw the beginning of what became known as World War I, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip. It als ...
World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
: The first British
Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against ...
defeat of the war with Germany, the
Battle of Coronel The Battle of Coronel was a First World War Imperial German Navy victory over the Royal Navy on 1 November 1914, off the coast of central Chile near the city of Coronel. The East Asia Squadron (''Ostasiengeschwader'' or ''Kreuzergeschwader'') ...
, is fought off of the western coast of
Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east a ...
, in the Pacific, with the loss of and . * 1914 – World War I: The Australian Imperial Force (AIF) departed by ship in a single convoy from
Albany, Western Australia Albany ( ; nys, Kinjarling) is a port city in the Great Southern region in the Australian state of Western Australia, southeast of Perth, the state capital. The city centre is at the northern edge of Princess Royal Harbour, which is a ...
bound for Egypt. *
1916 Events Below, the events of the First World War have the "WWI" prefix. January * January 1 – The British Royal Army Medical Corps carries out the first successful blood transfusion, using blood that had been stored and cooled. * J ...
– In Russia, Pavel Milyukov delivers in the State Duma the famous "stupidity or treason" speech, precipitating the downfall of the government of
Boris Stürmer Baron Boris Vladimirovich Shturmer (russian: Бори́с Влади́мирович Штю́рмер) (27 July 1848 – 9 September 1917) was a Russian lawyer, a Master of Ceremonies at the Russian Court, and a district governor. He became a ...
. * 1918 – World War I: With a brave action carried out into the waters of the Austro-Hungarian port of Pula, two officers of the Italian
Regia Marina The ''Regia Marina'' (; ) was the navy of the Kingdom of Italy (''Regno d'Italia'') from 1861 to 1946. In 1946, with the birth of the Italian Republic (''Repubblica Italiana''), the ''Regia Marina'' changed its name to ''Marina Militare'' ("M ...
sink with a manned torpedo the enemy battleship SMS ''Viribus Unitis''. * 1918
Malbone Street Wreck The Malbone Street wreck, also known as the Brighton Beach Line accident, was a rapid transit railroad accident that occurred on November 1, 1918, on the New York City Subway's BMT Brighton Line (now part of the BMT Franklin Avenue Line) in the ...
: The worst
rapid transit Rapid transit or mass rapid transit (MRT), also known as heavy rail or metro, is a type of high-capacity public transport generally found in urban areas. A rapid transit system that primarily or traditionally runs below the surface may be ...
accident in US history occurs under the intersection of Malbone Street and
Flatbush Avenue Flatbush Avenue is a major avenue in the New York City Borough of Brooklyn. It runs from the Manhattan Bridge south-southeastward to Jamaica Bay, where it joins the Marine Parkway–Gil Hodges Memorial Bridge, which connects Brooklyn to the R ...
,
Brooklyn Brooklyn () is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Kings County, in the U.S. state of New York. Kings County is the most populous county in the State of New York, and the second-most densely populated county in the United States, be ...
, New York City, with at least 102 deaths. * 1918 –
Western Ukraine Western Ukraine or West Ukraine ( uk, Західна Україна, Zakhidna Ukraina or , ) is the territory of Ukraine linked to the former Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, which was part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Austria ...
separates from
Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...
. *
1922 Events January * January 7 – Dáil Éireann, the parliament of the Irish Republic, ratifies the Anglo-Irish Treaty by 64–57 votes. * January 10 – Arthur Griffith is elected President of Dáil Éireann, the day after Éamon de Valera ...
Abolition of the Ottoman sultanate: The last sultan of the
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
, Mehmed VI, abdicates. *
1928 Events January * January – British bacteriologist Frederick Griffith reports the results of Griffith's experiment, indirectly proving the existence of DNA. * January 1 – Eastern Bloc emigration and defection: Boris Bazhan ...
– The ''Law on the Adoption and Implementation of the
Turkish Alphabet The Turkish alphabet ( tr, ) is a Latin-script alphabet used for writing the Turkish language, consisting of 29 letters, seven of which ( Ç, Ğ, I, İ, Ö, Ş and Ü) have been modified from their Latin originals for the phonetic require ...
'', replaces the Arabic alphabet with the
Latin alphabet The Latin alphabet or Roman alphabet is the collection of letters originally used by the ancient Romans to write the Latin language. Largely unaltered with the exception of extensions (such as diacritics), it used to write English and th ...
. * 1937
Stalinists Stalinism is the means of governing and Marxist-Leninist policies implemented in the Soviet Union from 1927 to 1953 by Joseph Stalin. It included the creation of a one-party totalitarian police state, rapid industrialization, the theory ...
execute Pastor Paul Hamberg and seven members of Azerbaijan's
Lutheran Lutheranism is one of the largest branches of Protestantism, identifying primarily with the theology of Martin Luther, the 16th-century German monk and Protestant Reformers, reformer whose efforts to reform the theology and practice of the Cathol ...
community. * 1938
Seabiscuit Seabiscuit (May 23, 1933 – May 17, 1947) was a champion thoroughbred racehorse in the United States who became the top money-winning racehorse up to the 1940s. He beat the 1937 Triple Crown winner, War Admiral, by four lengths in a two-horse ...
defeats
War Admiral War Admiral (May 2, 1934 – October 30, 1959) was a champion American Thoroughbred racehorse who is the fourth winner of the American Triple Crown. He was also the 1937 Horse of the Year and well known as the rival of Seabiscuit in the 'Match ...
in an upset victory during a match race deemed "the match of the century" in horse racing. * 1941 – American photographer Ansel Adams takes a picture of a moonrise over the town of
Hernandez, New Mexico Hernandez is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, United States. Hernandez is approximately northwest of Española on highway US 84 / US 285. Geography Within the unincorporated ...
that would become one of the most famous images in the history of photography. *
1942 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Declaration by United Nations is signed by China, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union, and 22 other nations, in w ...
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
:
Matanikau Offensive The Matanikau Offensive, from 1–4 November 1942, sometimes referred to as the Fourth Battle of the Matanikau, was an engagement between United States (U.S.) Marine and Army and Imperial Japanese Army forces around the Matanikau River and ...
begins during the Guadalcanal Campaign and ends three days later with an American victory. *
1943 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Soviet Union announces that 22 German divisions have been encircled at Stalingrad, with 175,000 killed and 137,650 captured. * January 4 ...
– World War II: The
3rd Marine Division The 3rd Marine Division is a division of the United States Marine Corps based at Camp Courtney, Marine Corps Base Camp Smedley D. Butler in Okinawa, Japan. It is one of three active duty infantry divisions in the Marine Corps and together with th ...
,
United States Marines The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also referred to as the United States Marines, is the maritime land force service branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting expeditionary and amphibious operations through com ...
, landing on Bougainville in the
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands is an island country consisting of six major islands and over 900 smaller islands in Oceania, to the east of Papua New Guinea and north-west of Vanuatu. It has a land area of , and a population of approx. 700,000. Its capit ...
, secures a beachhead, leading that night to a naval clash at the
Battle of Empress Augusta Bay The Battle of Empress Augusta Bay, on 1–2 November 1943 – also known as the Battle of Gazelle Bay, Operation Cherry Blossom, and in Japanese sources as the Sea Battle off Bougainville Island (ブーゲンビル島沖海戦) – was a naval ba ...
. *
1944 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in Nor ...
– World War II: Units of the British Army
land Land, also known as dry land, ground, or earth, is the solid terrestrial surface of the planet Earth that is not submerged by the ocean or other bodies of water. It makes up 29% of Earth's surface and includes the continents and various isla ...
at
Walcheren Walcheren () is a region and former island in the Dutch province of Zeeland at the mouth of the Scheldt estuary. It lies between the Eastern Scheldt in the north and the Western Scheldt in the south and is roughly the shape of a rhombus. The two ...
. *
1945 1945 marked the end of World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. It is also the only year in which Nuclear weapon, nuclear weapons Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, have been used in combat. Events Below, ...
– The official
North Korea North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the northern half of the Korean Peninsula and shares borders with China and Russia to the north, at the Yalu (Amnok) and T ...
n newspaper, ''
Rodong Sinmun ''Rodong Sinmun'' (; ) is a North Korean newspaper that serves as the official newspaper of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea. It was first published on November 1, 1945, as ''Chŏngro'' (), serving as a communication channel ...
'', is first published under the name ''Chongro''. * 1948
Athenagoras I Athenagoras I ( el, Αθηναγόρας Αʹ), born Aristocles Matthaiou ("son of Matthew", a patronymic) Spyrou ( el, Αριστοκλής Ματθαίου Σπύρου, links=no; – July 7, 1972), initially the Greek archbishop in North Amer ...
,
Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople The ecumenical patriarch ( el, Οἰκουμενικός Πατριάρχης, translit=Oikoumenikós Patriárchēs) is the archbishop of Constantinople ( Istanbul), New Rome and '' primus inter pares'' (first among equals) among the heads of ...
, is enthroned. * 1949 – All 55 people on board Eastern Air Lines Flight 537 are killed when the
Douglas DC-4 The Douglas DC-4 is an American four-engined (piston), propeller-driven airliner developed by the Douglas Aircraft Company. Military versions of the plane, the C-54 and R5D, served during World War II, in the Berlin Airlift and into the 1 ...
operating the flight collides in mid-air with a
Bolivian Air Force The Bolivian Air Force ( es, Fuerza Aérea Boliviana or 'FAB') is the air force of Bolivia and branch of the Bolivian Armed Forces. History By 1938 the Bolivian air force consisted of about 60 aircraft (Curtiss Hawk fighters, Curtiss T-32 Co ...
Lockheed P-38 Lightning aircraft over
Alexandria, Virginia Alexandria is an independent city in the northern region of the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately south of downtown Washington, D.C. In 2020, the population was 159,467. ...
. *
1950 Events January * January 1 – The International Police Association (IPA) – the largest police organization in the world – is formed. * January 5 – Sverdlovsk plane crash: ''Aeroflot'' Lisunov Li-2 crashes in a snowstorm. All 19 ...
Puerto Rican nationalists Griselio Torresola and Oscar Collazo attempt to assassinate US President
Harry S. Truman Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884December 26, 1972) was the 33rd president of the United States, serving from 1945 to 1953. A leader of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the 34th vice president from January to April 1945 under Franklin ...
at
Blair House Blair House, also known as The President's Guest House, is an official residence in Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States. The President's Guest House has been called "the world's most exclusive hotel" because it is primarily used ...
. *
1951 Events January * January 4 – Korean War: Third Battle of Seoul – Chinese and North Korean forces capture Seoul for the second time (having lost the Second Battle of Seoul in September 1950). * January 9 – The Government of the United ...
Operation Buster–Jangle Operation Buster–Jangle was a series of seven (six atmospheric, one cratering) nuclear weapons tests conducted by the United States in late 1951 at the Nevada Test Site. ''Buster–Jangle'' was the first joint test program between the DOD ...
: Six thousand five hundred
United States Army The United States Army (USA) is the land warfare, land military branch, service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the eight Uniformed services of the United States, U.S. uniformed services, and is designated as the Army o ...
soldiers are exposed to 'Desert Rock'
atomic explosion A nuclear explosion is an explosion that occurs as a result of the rapid release of energy from a high-speed nuclear reaction. The driving reaction may be nuclear fission or nuclear fusion or a multi-stage cascading combination of the two, tho ...
s for training purposes in
Nevada Nevada ( ; ) is a state in the Western region of the United States. It is bordered by Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast, and Utah to the east. Nevada is the 7th-most extensive, ...
. Participation is not voluntary. *
1952 Events January–February * January 26 – Black Saturday in Egypt: Rioters burn Cairo's central business district, targeting British and upper-class Egyptian businesses. * February 6 ** Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh, becomes m ...
Nuclear weapons testing Nuclear weapons tests are experiments carried out to determine nuclear weapons' effectiveness, yield, and explosive capability. Testing nuclear weapons offers practical information about how the weapons function, how detonations are affected by ...
: The United States successfully detonates
Ivy Mike Ivy Mike was the codename given to the first full-scale test of a thermonuclear device, in which part of the explosive yield comes from nuclear fusion. Ivy Mike was detonated on November 1, 1952, by the United States on the island of Elugelab ...
, the first thermonuclear device, at the
Eniwetok Enewetak Atoll (; also spelled Eniwetok Atoll or sometimes Eniewetok; mh, Ānewetak, , or , ; known to the Japanese as Brown Atoll or Brown Island; ja, ブラウン環礁) is a large coral atoll of 40 islands in the Pacific Ocean and with i ...
atoll. The explosion had a yield of ten megatons
TNT equivalent TNT equivalent is a convention for expressing energy, typically used to describe the energy released in an explosion. The is a unit of energy defined by that convention to be , which is the approximate energy released in the detonation of a ...
. * 1954 – The Front de Libération Nationale fires the first shots of the
Algerian War of Independence The Algerian War, also known as the Algerian Revolution or the Algerian War of Independence,( ar, الثورة الجزائرية '; '' ber, Tagrawla Tadzayrit''; french: Guerre d'Algérie or ') and sometimes in Algeria as the War of 1 November ...
. * 1955 – The establishment of a
Military Assistance Advisory Group Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG) is a designation for United States military advisors sent to other countries to assist in the training of conventional armed forces and facilitate military aid. Although numerous MAAGs operated around ...
in South Vietnam marks the beginning of American involvement in the conflict. * 1955 – The bombing of
United Airlines Flight 629 United Air Lines Flight 629, registration N37559, was a Douglas DC-6B aircraft also known as "Mainliner Denver", that was blown up on November 1, 1955, by a dynamite bomb placed in the checked luggage. The explosion occurred over Longmont, Colo ...
occurs near Longmont, Colorado, killing all 39 passengers and five crew members aboard the
Douglas DC-6 The Douglas DC-6 is a piston-powered airliner and cargo aircraft built by the Douglas Aircraft Company from 1946 to 1958. Originally intended as a military transport near the end of World War II, it was reworked after the war to compete with t ...
B airliner. *
1956 Events January * January 1 – The Anglo-Egyptian Condominium ends in Sudan. * January 8 – Operation Auca: Five U.S. evangelical Christian missionaries, Nate Saint, Roger Youderian, Ed McCully, Jim Elliot and Pete Fleming, ar ...
– The Indian states
Kerala Kerala ( ; ) is a state on the Malabar Coast of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, following the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, by combining Malayalam-speaking regions of the erstwhile regions of Cochin, Malabar, South ...
,
Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh (, abbr. AP) is a state in the south-eastern coastal region of India. It is the seventh-largest state by area covering an area of and tenth-most populous state with 49,386,799 inhabitants. It is bordered by Telangana to the ...
, and
Mysore Mysore (), officially Mysuru (), is a city in the southern part of the state of Karnataka, India. Mysore city is geographically located between 12° 18′ 26″ north latitude and 76° 38′ 59″ east longitude. It is located at an altitude of ...
are formally created under the States Reorganisation Act;
Kanyakumari Kanniyakumari (; , referring to Devi Kanya Kumari), also known as Cape Comorin, is a city in Kanniyakumari district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It is the southern tip of the Indian subcontinent and the southernmost city in mainland Ind ...
district is joined to
Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu (; , TN) is a state in southern India. It is the tenth largest Indian state by area and the sixth largest by population. Its capital and largest city is Chennai. Tamil Nadu is the home of the Tamil people, whose Tamil language ...
from
Kerala Kerala ( ; ) is a state on the Malabar Coast of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, following the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, by combining Malayalam-speaking regions of the erstwhile regions of Cochin, Malabar, South ...
. * 1956 – Hungarian Revolution: Imre Nagy announces Hungary's neutrality and withdrawal from the
Warsaw Pact The Warsaw Pact (WP) or Treaty of Warsaw, formally the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance, was a collective defense treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland, between the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern Bloc socialist repub ...
. Soviet troops begin to re-enter Hungary, contrary to assurances by the Soviet government.
János Kádár János József Kádár (; ; 26 May 1912 – 6 July 1989), born János József Czermanik, was a Hungarian communist leader and the General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party, a position he held for 32 years. Declining health l ...
and
Ferenc Münnich Ferenc Münnich (; 18 November 1886 – 29 November 1967) was a Hungarian Communist politician who served as Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the People's Republic of Hungary from 1958 to 1961. He served in the Austro-Hungarian Army i ...
secretly defect to the Soviets. * 1956 – The
Springhill mining disaster Springhill mining disaster may refer to any of three deadly Canadian mining disasters that occurred in 1891, 1956, and 1958 in different mines within the Springhill coalfield, near the town of Springhill in Cumberland County, Nova Scotia. In t ...
in
Springhill, Nova Scotia Springhill is a community located in central Cumberland County, Nova Scotia, Canada. The community was founded as "Springhill Mines." Coal mining led to economic growth, with its incorporation as a town in 1889. The mines in the Springhill co ...
kills 39 miners; 88 are rescued. *
1957 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1957th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 957th year of the 2nd millennium, the 57th year of the 20th century, and the 8th year ...
– The
Mackinac Bridge The Mackinac Bridge ( ) is a suspension bridge spanning the Straits of Mackinac, connecting the Upper and Lower peninsulas of the U.S. state of Michigan. Opened in 1957, the bridge (familiarly known as "Big Mac" and "Mighty Mac") is the worl ...
, the world's longest suspension bridge between anchorages at the time, opens to traffic connecting Michigan's upper and lower peninsulas. *
1963 Events January * January 1 – Bogle–Chandler case: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation scientist Dr. Gilbert Bogle and Mrs. Margaret Chandler are found dead (presumed poisoned), in bushland near the Lane Co ...
– The Arecibo Observatory in Arecibo, Puerto Rico, with the largest radio telescope ever constructed, officially opens. * 1963 – The
1963 South Vietnamese coup In November 1963, President Ngô Đình Diệm and the Personalist Labor Revolutionary Party of South Vietnam was deposed by a group of Army of the Republic of Vietnam officers who disagreed with his handling of both the Buddhist crisis and the ...
begins. *
1968 The year was highlighted by protests and other unrests that occurred worldwide. Events January–February * January 5 – " Prague Spring": Alexander Dubček is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. * Janu ...
– The
Motion Picture Association of America The Motion Picture Association (MPA) is an American trade association representing the five major film studios of the United States, as well as the video streaming service Netflix. Founded in 1922 as the Motion Picture Producers and Distrib ...
's film rating system is officially introduced, originating with the ratings G, M, R, and X. *
1970 Events January * January 1 – Unix time epoch reached at 00:00:00 UTC. * January 5 – The 7.1 Tonghai earthquake shakes Tonghai County, Yunnan province, China, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (''Extreme''). Between 10,000 and ...
Club Cinq-Sept fire Club may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media * ''Club'' (magazine) * Club, a '' Yie Ar Kung-Fu'' character * Clubs (suit), a suit of playing cards * Club music * "Club", by Kelsea Ballerini from the album ''kelsea'' Brands and enterprises ...
in
Saint-Laurent-du-Pont Saint-Laurent-du-Pont () is a commune in the Isère department in southeastern France. It was the site of the Club Cinq-Sept fire, which killed 146, in 1970. Population Economy There is a large cement works at Saint-Laurent-du-Pont, unusua ...
, France kills 146 young people. *
1973 Events January * January 1 - The United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and Denmark 1973 enlargement of the European Communities, enter the European Economic Community, which later becomes the European Union. * January 15 – Vietnam War: ...
Watergate scandal The Watergate scandal was a major political scandal in the United States involving the administration of President Richard Nixon from 1972 to 1974 that led to Nixon's resignation. The scandal stemmed from the Nixon administration's contin ...
:
Leon Jaworski Leonidas "Leon" Jaworski (September 19, 1905 – December 9, 1982) was an American attorney and law professor who served as the second special prosecutor during the Watergate Scandal. He was appointed to that position on November 1, 1973, soon a ...
is appointed as the new Watergate Special Prosecutor. * 1973 – The Indian state of
Mysore Mysore (), officially Mysuru (), is a city in the southern part of the state of Karnataka, India. Mysore city is geographically located between 12° 18′ 26″ north latitude and 76° 38′ 59″ east longitude. It is located at an altitude of ...
is renamed as
Karnataka Karnataka (; ISO: , , also known as Karunāḍu) is a state in the southwestern region of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act. Originally known as Mysore State , it was renamed ''Karnat ...
to represent all the regions within Karunadu. *
1979 Events January * January 1 ** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the '' International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the '' Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the so ...
– In Bolivia, Colonel Alberto Natusch executes a bloody
coup d'état A coup d'état (; French for 'stroke of state'), also known as a coup or overthrow, is a seizure and removal of a government and its powers. Typically, it is an illegal seizure of power by a political faction, politician, cult, rebel group, m ...
against the constitutional government of
Wálter Guevara Wálter Guevara Arze (March 11, 1912 in Ayopaya Province, Cochabamba Department, Bolivia – June 20, 1996 in La Paz, Bolivia) was a Bolivian statesman, cabinet minister, writer, and diplomat, who served as the 54th president of Bolivia on ...
. * 1979 –
Griselda Álvarez Griselda Álvarez Ponce de León (5 April 1913 – 26 March 2009) was the first female governor in Mexico. Álvarez was Governor of the state of Colima from 1979 to 1985.governor A governor is an administrative leader and head of a polity or political region, ranking under the head of state and in some cases, such as governors-general, as the head of state's official representative. Depending on the type of political ...
of a state of Mexico. *
1981 Events January * January 1 ** Greece enters the European Economic Community, predecessor of the European Union. ** Palau becomes a self-governing territory. * January 10 – Salvadoran Civil War: The FMLN launches its first major offensiv ...
Antigua and Barbuda gains independence from the United Kingdom. * 1982
Honda is a Japanese public multinational conglomerate manufacturer of automobiles, motorcycles, and power equipment, headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. Honda has been the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959, reaching a producti ...
becomes the first Asian automobile company to produce cars in the United States with the opening of its factory in
Marysville, Ohio Marysville is a city in and the county seat of Union County, Ohio, United States, approximately 27 miles (44 km) northwest of Columbus. The population was 22,094 at the 2010 census, a 38.59% increase from 2000. Marysville's longtime slo ...
; a
Honda Accord The , also known as the in Japan and China for certain generations, is a series of cars manufactured by Honda since 1976, best known for its four-door sedan variant, which has been one of the best-selling cars in the United States since 1989. ...
is the first car produced there. *
1984 Events January * January 1 – The Bornean Sultanate of Brunei gains full independence from the United Kingdom, having become a British protectorate in 1888. * January 7 – Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeas ...
– After the
assassination of Indira Gandhi Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was assassinated at 9:30 a.m. on 31 October 1984 at her residence in Safdarjung Road, New Delhi. She was killed by her bodyguards Satwant Singh and Beant Singh in the aftermath of Operation Blue Star, ...
, Prime Minister of India on 31 October 1984, by two of her Sikh bodyguards,
anti-Sikh riots The 1984 Anti-Sikh Riots, also known as the 1984 Sikh Massacre, was a series of organised pogroms against Sikhs in India following the assassination of Indira Gandhi by her Sikh bodyguards. Government estimates project that about 2,800 Sikhs ...
erupt. *
1987 File:1987 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The MS Herald of Free Enterprise capsizes after leaving the Port of Zeebrugge in Belgium, killing 193; Northwest Airlines Flight 255 crashes after takeoff from Detroit Metropolitan Airport, ...
British Rail Class 43 (HST) The British Rail Class 43 (HST) is the TOPS classification used for the InterCity 125 ''High Speed Train'' (formerly Classes 253 and 254) power cars, built by British Rail Engineering Limited from 1975 to 1982, and in service in the UK s ...
hits the record speed of 238 km/h for rail vehicles with on-board fuel to generate electricity for traction motors. *
1991 File:1991 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Boris Yeltsin, elected as Russia's first president, waves the new flag of Russia after the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, orchestrated by Soviet hardliners; Mount Pinatubo erupts in the Phi ...
President of the Chechen Republic The Head of the Chechen Republic or Head of Chechnya (russian: Глава Чеченской Республики, italic=yes, ce, Мехкада Нохчийн Республика; formerly President of the Chechen Republic or President of Che ...
Dzhokhar Dudayev declares sovereignty of the
Chechen Republic of Ichkeria The Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (; ce, Нохчийн Республик Ичкери, Nóxçiyn Respublik Içkeri; russian: Чеченская Республика Ичкерия; abbreviated as "ChRI" or "CRI") was a ''de facto'' state that ...
from the
Russian Federation Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...
. *
1993 File:1993 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Oslo I Accord is signed in an attempt to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict; The Russian White House is shelled during the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis; Czechoslovakia is peacefu ...
– The
Maastricht Treaty The Treaty on European Union, commonly known as the Maastricht Treaty, is the foundation treaty of the European Union (EU). Concluded in 1992 between the then-twelve Member state of the European Union, member states of the European Communities, ...
takes effect, formally establishing the
European Union The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated total population of about 447million. The EU has often been de ...
. *
2000 File:2000 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Protests against Bush v. Gore after the 2000 United States presidential election; Heads of state meet for the Millennium Summit; The International Space Station in its infant form as seen from S ...
Chhattisgarh officially becomes the 26th state of India, formed from sixteen districts of eastern
Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh (, ; meaning 'central province') is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal, and the largest city is Indore, with Jabalpur, Ujjain, Gwalior, Sagar, and Rewa being the other major cities. Madhya Pradesh is the seco ...
. * 2000 – The Republic of Serbia and Montenegro joins the
United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmoniz ...
. * 2001
Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in ...
, Australia, and
Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...
agree to commit troops to the
invasion of Afghanistan In late 2001, the United States and its close allies invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban government. The invasion's aims were to dismantle al-Qaeda, which had executed the September 11 attacks, and to deny it a safe base of operations ...
. * 2011
Mario Draghi Mario Draghi (; born 3 September 1947) is an Italian economist, academic, banker and civil servant who served as prime minister of Italy from February 2021 to October 2022. Prior to his appointment as prime minister, he served as President of ...
succeeds
Jean-Claude Trichet Jean-Claude Trichet (; born 20 December 1942) is a French economist who served as President of the European Central Bank from 2003 to 2011. Previous to his assumption of the presidency he served as Governor of the Bank of France from 1993 to 2003 ...
and becomes the third president of the
European Central Bank The European Central Bank (ECB) is the prime component of the monetary Eurosystem and the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) as well as one of seven institutions of the European Union. It is one of the world's most important centr ...
. *
2012 File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gat ...
– A fuel tank truck crashes and explodes in the
Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in Western Asia. It covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and has a land area of about , making it the fifth-largest country in Asia, the second-largest in the A ...
n capital
Riyadh Riyadh (, ar, الرياض, 'ar-Riyāḍ, lit.: 'The Gardens' Najdi pronunciation: ), formerly known as Hajr al-Yamamah, is the capital and largest city of Saudi Arabia. It is also the capital of the Riyadh Province and the centre of th ...
, killing 26 people and injuring 135.


Births


Pre-1600

*
846 __NOTOC__ Year 846 ( DCCCXLVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Byzantine–Bulgarian War: The Bulgarians violate the peace treaty ...
Louis the Stammerer Louis II, known as Louis the Stammerer (french: Louis le Bègue; 1 November 846 – 10 April 879), was the king of Aquitaine and later the king of West Francia. He was the eldest son of Emperor Charles the Bald and Ermentrude of Orléans. Louis ...
, Frankish king (d. 879) *
1339 Year 1339 ( MCCCXXXIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * June – Battle of Laupen: The Canton of Bern defeats the forces of Fribourg. ...
Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria Rudolf IV (1 November 1339 – 27 July 1365), also called Rudolf the Founder (german: der Stifter), was a scion of the House of Habsburg who ruled as duke of Austria (self-proclaimed archduke), Styria and Carinthia from 1358, as well as count ...
(d. 1365) *
1351 Year 1351 ( MCCCLI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * January 14 – Edward III of England institutes the Treason Act 1351, defining t ...
Leopold III, Duke of Austria Leopold III (1 November 1351 – 9 July 1386), known as the Just, a member of the House of Habsburg, was Duke of Austria from 1365. As head and progenitor of the Leopoldian line, he ruled over the Inner Austrian duchies of Carinthia, Styr ...
(d. 1386) *
1419 Year 1419 ( MCDXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * January 19 – Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England, which br ...
Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (d. 1485) * 1498Giovanni Ricci, Italian cardinal (d. 1574) *
1499 Year 1499 ( MCDXCIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * January 8 – Louis XII of France marries Anne of Brittany, in accordance with a l ...
Rodrigo of Aragon, Italian noble (d. 1512) *
1522 __NOTOC__ Year 1522 ( MDXXII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 1522nd year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 522nd year of the 2nd millenn ...
Andrew Corbet Sir Andrew Corbet (1580–1637) of Moreton Corbet, Shropshire, was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1624 and 1629. A Puritan sympathiser, he at first supported the government but became an incre ...
, English landowner and politician (d. 1578) *
1526 Year 1526 ( MDXXVI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 14 – Treaty of Madrid: Peace is declared between Francis I of France and C ...
Catherine Jagiellon Catherine Jagiellon ( pl, Katarzyna Jagiellonka; sv, Katarina Jagellonica, Lithuanian: ''Kotryna Jogailatė''; 1 November 1526 – 16 September 1583) was a Polish princess and Queen of Sweden as the first wife of King John III. As such, she ...
, queen of John III of Sweden (d. 1583) *
1527 Year 1527 ( MDXXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June *January 1 – Croatian nobles elect Ferdinand I of Austria as King of Croatia in th ...
William Brooke, 10th Baron Cobham Sir William Brooke, 10th Baron Cobham, KG (1 November 1527 – 6 March 1597), lord of the Manor of Cobham, Kent, was Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, and a member of parliament for Hythe. Although he was viewed by some as a religious radical d ...
, English noble and politician (d. 1597) *
1530 Year 1530 ( MDXXX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 1530th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 530th year of the 2nd millennium, the 3 ...
Étienne de La Boétie Étienne or Estienne de La Boétie (; oc, Esteve de La Boetiá; 1 November 1530 – 18 August 1563) was a French magistrate, classicist, writer, poet and political theorist, best remembered for his intense and intimate friendship with essayist ...
, French philosopher and judge (d. 1563) *1539 – Pierre Pithou, French lawyer and scholar (d. 1596) *1550 – Henry of Saxe-Lauenburg, Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen, Prince-Archbishop of Bremen, Prince-Bishop of Osnabruck and Paderborn (d. 1585) *1567 – Diego Sarmiento de Acuña, 1st Count of Gondomar, Spanish academic and diplomat (d. 1626) *1585 – Jan Brożek, Polish mathematician, physician, and astronomer (d. 1652) *1596 – Pietro da Cortona, Italian painter (d. 1669)


1601–1900

*1607 – Georg Philipp Harsdörffer, German poet and translator (d. 1658) *1609 – Matthew Hale (jurist), Matthew Hale, Lord Chief Justice of England (d. 1676) *
1611 Events January–June * February 27 – Sunspots are observed by telescope, by Frisian astronomers Johannes Fabricius and David Fabricius. Johannes publishes the results of these observations, in ''De Maculis in Sole observat ...
– François-Marie, comte de Broglie, Italian-French commander (d. 1656) *1625 – Oliver Plunkett, Irish archbishop and saint (d. 1681) *1636 – Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux, French poet and critic (d. 1711) *1643 – John Strype, English priest, historian, and author (d. 1737) *1661 – Florent Carton Dancourt, French actor and playwright (d. 1725) * 1661 – Louis, Grand Dauphin, heir apparent to the throne of France (d. 1711) *1666 – James Sherard, English botanist and curator (d. 1738) *1720 – Toussaint-Guillaume Picquet de la Motte, French admiral (d. 1791) *1727 – Ivan Shuvalov, Russian art collector and philanthropist (d. 1797) *1752 – Józef Zajączek, Polish general, politician (d. 1826) *1757 – Antonio Canova, Italian sculptor and educator (d. 1822) *1762 – Spencer Perceval, English lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1812) *1769 – Garlieb Merkel, German author and activist (d. 1850) *1778 – Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden (d. 1837) *1782 – F. J. Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1859) *1808 – John Taylor (Mormon), John Taylor, English-American religious leader, 3rd President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1887) *1831 – Harry Atkinson, English-New Zealand politician, 10th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1892) *1838 – 11th Dalai Lama (d. 1856) *1839 – Ahmed Muhtar Pasha, Ottoman general and politician, 227th List of Ottoman Grand Viziers, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1919) *1847 – Emma Albani, Canadian-English soprano and actress (d. 1930) * 1847 – Hiệp Hòa, Vietnamese emperor (d. 1883) *
1848 1848 is historically famous for the wave of revolutions, a series of widespread struggles for more liberal governments, which broke out from Brazil to Hungary; although most failed in their immediate aims, they significantly altered the polit ...
– Caroline Still Anderson, American physician, educator and abolitionist (d. 1919) * 1848 – Jules Bastien-Lepage, French painter (d. 1884) *1849 – William Merritt Chase, American painter and educator (d. 1916) *1859 – Charles Brantley Aycock, American educator, lawyer, and politician, 50th Governor of North Carolina (d. 1912) *1862 – Johan Wagenaar, Dutch organist and composer (d. 1941) *1864 – Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine (1864–1918), Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine (d. 1918) *1871 – Stephen Crane, American poet, novelist, and short story writer (d. 1900) *1872 – Louis Dewis, Belgian-French painter (d. 1946) *1877 – Roger Quilter, English composer (d. 1953) *1878 – Konrad Mägi, Estonian painter and educator (d. 1925) * 1878 – Carlos Saavedra Lamas, Argentinian academic and politician, Nobel Peace Prize, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1959) *1880 – Sholem Asch, Polish-American author and playwright (d. 1957) * 1880 – Grantland Rice, American journalist and poet (d. 1954) * 1880 – Alfred Wegener, German meteorologist and geophysicist (d. 1930) *1881 – Perikles Ioannidis, Greek admiral (d. 1965) *1886 – Hermann Broch, Austrian-American author and poet (d. 1951) * 1886 – Sakutarō Hagiwara, Japanese poet and critic (d. 1942) *1887 – L.S. Lowry, English painter and illustrator (d. 1976) *1888 – George Kenner, German-American painter and illustrator (d. 1971) * 1888 – Michał Sopoćko, Polish cleric and academic (d. 1975) *1889 – Hannah Höch, German painter and photographer (d. 1978) * 1889 – Philip Noel-Baker, Baron Noel-Baker, English academic and politician, Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations, Nobel Peace Prize, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1982) *
1896 Events January–March * January 2 – The Jameson Raid comes to an end, as Jameson surrenders to the Boers. * January 4 – Utah is admitted as the 45th U.S. state. * January 5 – An Austrian newspaper reports that ...
– Edmund Blunden, English author, poet, and critic (d. 1974) *1898 – Arthur Legat, Belgian race car driver (d. 1960) * 1898 – Sippie Wallace, American singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 1986)


1901–present

*1902 – Nordahl Grieg, Norwegian journalist, author, poet, and playwright (d. 1943) * 1902 – Eugen Jochum, German conductor (d. 1987) *1903 – Max Adrian, Irish-born British actor (d. 1973) * 1903 – Edward Greeves, Jr., Australian footballer (d. 1963) *1904 – Laura LaPlante, American silent film actress (d. 1996) *
1905 As the second year of the massive Russo-Japanese War begins, more than 100,000 die in the largest world battles of that era, and the war chaos leads to the 1905 Russian Revolution against Nicholas II of Russia ( Shostakovich's 11th Symphony ...
– Paul-Émile Borduas, Canadian-French painter and educator (d. 1960) *1906 – Johnny Indrisano, American boxer (d. 1968) *1907 – Maxie Rosenbloom, American boxer (d. 1976) *1909 – Hans Mork, South African-Australian rugby league player (d. 1960) *
1911 A notable ongoing event was the Comparison of the Amundsen and Scott Expeditions, race for the South Pole. Events January * January 1 – A decade after federation, the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory ...
– Mingun Sayadaw, Burmese monk and scholar (d. 1993) * 1911 – Henri Troyat, French historian and author (d. 2007) *1912 – Gunther Plaut, German-Canadian rabbi and author (d. 2012) *
1914 This year saw the beginning of what became known as World War I, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip. It als ...
– Moshe Teitelbaum (Satmar), Moshe Teitelbaum, Romanian-American rabbi (d. 2006) *1915 – Margaret Taylor-Burroughs, American painter, poet, and educator, co-founded the DuSable Museum of African American History (d. 2010) *1917 – Zenna Henderson, American author (d.1983) * 1917 – Clarence E. Miller, American engineer and politician (d. 2011) * 1918 – Ken Miles, English-American race car driver (d. 1966) *1919 – Hermann Bondi, English-Austrian mathematician and cosmologist (d. 2005) *1920 – James J. Kilpatrick, American journalist and author (d. 2010) * 1920 – Ted Lowe, English sportscaster (d. 2011) *1921 – John W. Peterson, American pilot and songwriter (d. 2006) * 1921 – Harald Quandt, German businessman (d. 1967) *
1922 Events January * January 7 – Dáil Éireann, the parliament of the Irish Republic, ratifies the Anglo-Irish Treaty by 64–57 votes. * January 10 – Arthur Griffith is elected President of Dáil Éireann, the day after Éamon de Valera ...
– George S. Irving, American actor (d. 2016) *1923 – Victoria de los Ángeles, Spanish soprano and actress (d. 2005) * 1923 – Gordon R. Dickson, Canadian-American author (d. 2001) * 1923 – Menachem Elon, German-Israeli academic and jurist (d. 2013) * 1923 – Carlos Páez Vilaró, Uruguayan painter and sculptor (d. 2014) *1924 – Süleyman Demirel, Turkish engineer and politician, 9th President of Turkey (d. 2015) * 1924 – Jean-Luc Pépin, Canadian academic and politician, 19th Minister of Labour (Canada), Canadian Minister of Labour (d. 1995) *1926 – Stephen Antonakos, Greek-American sculptor (d. 2013) * 1926 – Betsy Palmer, American actress and game show panelist (d. 2015) *1927 – Vic Power (baseball), Vic Power, Puerto Rican-American baseball player and coach (d. 2005) * 1927 – Marcel Ophüls, German documentary filmmaker *
1928 Events January * January – British bacteriologist Frederick Griffith reports the results of Griffith's experiment, indirectly proving the existence of DNA. * January 1 – Eastern Bloc emigration and defection: Boris Bazhan ...
– James Bradford (weightlifter), James Bradford, American weightlifter (d. 2013) *1929 – Nicholas Mavroules, American lawyer and politician (d. 2003) *1930 – A. R. Gurney, American playwright and author (d. 2017) * 1930 – Russ Kemmerer, American baseball player and coach (d. 2014) *1931 – Yossef Gutfreund, Israeli wrestler and coach (d. 1972) * 1931 – Shunsuke Kikuchi, Japanese composer (d. 2021) * 1931 – Arne Pedersen, Norwegian footballer and manager (d. 2013) *1932 – Al Arbour, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 2015) * 1932 – Francis Arinze, Nigerian cardinal *1933 – Antoine Kohn, Luxembourgian footballer and manager (d. 2012) *1934 – Umberto Agnelli, Swiss-Italian businessman and politician (d. 2004) * 1934 – Gillian Knight, English soprano and actress * 1934 – William Mathias, Welsh pianist and composer (d. 1992) *1935 – Gary Player, South African golfer and sportscaster * 1935 – Edward Said, Palestinian-American theorist, author, and academic (d. 2003) *1936 – Katsuhisa Hattori, Japanese composer and conductor (d. 2020) * 1936 – Shizuka Kamei, Japanese lawyer and politician * 1937 – Bill Anderson (singer), Bill Anderson, American country music singer-songwriter * 1938 – Nicholasa Mohr, Puerto Rican American Nuyorican writer * 1940 – Roger Kellaway, American pianist and composer *1940 – Ramesh Chandra Lahoti, Indian lawyer and jurist, 35th Chief Justice of India * 1940 – Bruce Grocott, Baron Grocott, English academic and politician * 1940 – Barry Sadler, American sergeant, author, actor, and singer-songwriter (d. 1989) * 1941 – Alfio Basile, Argentinian footballer and manager * 1941 – Robert Foxworth, American actor and director * 1941 – John Pullin, English rugby player *
1942 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Declaration by United Nations is signed by China, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union, and 22 other nations, in w ...
– Larry Flynt, American publisher, founded Larry Flynt Publications (d. 2021) * 1942 – Ralph Klein, Canadian journalist and politician, 12th Premier of Alberta (d. 2013) * 1942 – Marcia Wallace, American actress and comedian (d. 2013) *
1943 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Soviet Union announces that 22 German divisions have been encircled at Stalingrad, with 175,000 killed and 137,650 captured. * January 4 ...
– Salvatore Adamo, Italian-Belgian singer-songwriter * 1943 – Jacques Attali, French economist and civil servant *
1944 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in Nor ...
– Kinky Friedman, American singer-songwriter and author * 1944 – Bobby Heenan, American wrestler, manager, and sportscaster (d. 2017) * 1944 – Oscar Temaru, French-Polynesian soldier and politician, President of French Polynesia * 1944 – Rafic Hariri, Lebanese businessman and politician 60th Prime Minister of Lebanon (d. 2005) *
1945 1945 marked the end of World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. It is also the only year in which Nuclear weapon, nuclear weapons Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, have been used in combat. Events Below, ...
– Narendra Dabholkar, Indian author and activist, founded Maharashtra Andhashraddha Nirmoolan Samiti (d. 2013) * 1945 – John Williamson (singer), John Williamson, Australian singer-songwriter *1946 – Ric Grech, British rock musician (d. 1990) * 1946 – Yuko Shimizu, Japanese graphic designer, created Hello Kitty *1947 – Ted Hendricks, Guatemalan-American football player * 1947 – Nick Owen, English journalist * 1947 – Jim Steinman, American songwriter and producer (d. 2021) * 1948 – Phil Myre, Canadian ice hockey player and coach * 1948 – Amani Abeid Karume, Zanzibar accountant and politician, 6th President of Zanzibar * 1948 – Mike Mendoza (broadcaster), Mike Mendoza, English radio host and politician * 1948 – Bill Woodrow, English sculptor and academic * 1949 – David Foster, Canadian singer-songwriter, keyboard player, and producer * 1949 – Michael D. Griffin, American physicist and engineer * 1949 – Belita Moreno, American actress and acting coach *
1950 Events January * January 1 – The International Police Association (IPA) – the largest police organization in the world – is formed. * January 5 – Sverdlovsk plane crash: ''Aeroflot'' Lisunov Li-2 crashes in a snowstorm. All 19 ...
– Mitch Kapor, American computer programmer and businessman, founded Lotus Software and Electronic Frontier Foundation * 1950 – Robert B. Laughlin, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate * 1950 – Dan Peek, American singer-songwriter and musician (d. 2011) *
1951 Events January * January 4 – Korean War: Third Battle of Seoul – Chinese and North Korean forces capture Seoul for the second time (having lost the Second Battle of Seoul in September 1950). * January 9 – The Government of the United ...
– Ronald Bell (musician), Ronald Bell, American singer-songwriter, saxophonist, and producer (d. 2020) * 1951 – Fabrice Luchini, French actor and screenwriter * 1951 – Craig Serjeant, Australian cricketer and chemist *1953 – Jan Davis, American engineer and astronaut * 1953 – Paul Wellings, English ecologist and academic * 1955 – Beth Leavel, American actress and singer *
1957 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1957th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 957th year of the 2nd millennium, the 57th year of the 20th century, and the 8th year ...
– Lyle Lovett, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer * 1957 – Murray Pierce, New Zealand rugby player *1958 – Mark Austin (journalist), Mark Austin, English journalist * 1958 – Robert Hart (musician), Robert Hart, English singer-songwriter *1959 – Susanna Clarke, English author and educator *1960 – Tim Cook, American businessman and engineer, current CEO of Apple Inc. * 1960 – Fernando Valenzuela, Mexican baseball player, coach, and sportscaster *1961 – Louise Boije af Gennäs, Swedish author and screenwriter * 1961 – Anne Donovan, American basketball player and coach (d. 2018) * 1961 – Calvin Johnson (musician), Calvin Johnson, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer * 1961 – Heng Swee Keat, Singaporean politician *1962 – Sharron Davies, English swimmer * 1962 – Magne Furuholmen, Norwegian singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1962 – Anthony Kiedis, American singer-songwriter *
1963 Events January * January 1 – Bogle–Chandler case: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation scientist Dr. Gilbert Bogle and Mrs. Margaret Chandler are found dead (presumed poisoned), in bushland near the Lane Co ...
– Nita Ambani, Indian businesswoman * 1963 – Mark Hughes, Welsh footballer and manager * 1963 – Big Kenny, American singer-songwriter and guitarist *1964 – Sophie B. Hawkins, American singer-songwriter and guitarist *1965 – Michael Daley, Australian politician * 1965 – Patrik Ringborg, Swedish conductor *1966 – Willie D, American rapper and entrepreneur * 1966 – Mary Hansen, Australian singer and musician (d. 2002) * 1966 – Gary Howell (West Virginia politician), Gary Howell, American businessman and politician * 1966 – Jeremy Hunt, English businessman and politician, Secretary of State for Health * 1966 – Ashab Uddin, Indian-Bengali politician *1967 – Tina Arena, Australian singer-songwriter, producer, and actress * 1967 – Carla van de Puttelaar, Dutch photographer *1969 – Gary Alexander (basketball), Gary Alexander, American basketball player * 1969 – Tie Domi, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster *
1970 Events January * January 1 – Unix time epoch reached at 00:00:00 UTC. * January 5 – The 7.1 Tonghai earthquake shakes Tonghai County, Yunnan province, China, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (''Extreme''). Between 10,000 and ...
– Sherwin Campbell, Barbadian cricketer *1972 – Toni Collette, Australian actress * 1972 – Paul Dickov, Scottish footballer and manager * 1972 – Jenny McCarthy, American actress and model *
1973 Events January * January 1 - The United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and Denmark 1973 enlargement of the European Communities, enter the European Economic Community, which later becomes the European Union. * January 15 – Vietnam War: ...
– Geoff Horsfield, English footballer and manager * 1973 – Aishwarya Rai, Aishwarya Rai Bachchan, Indian model and actress *1974 – V. V. S. Laxman, Indian cricketer *1975 – Bo Bice, American singer and musician * 1975 – Keryn Jordan, South African footballer (d. 2013) * 1975 – Megan Wing, Canadian figure skater and coach *1976 – Sergei Artyukhin, Russian-Belarusian wrestler (d. 2012) * 1976 – Bryan Harsin, American college football coach *1978 – Danny Koevermans, Dutch footballer and manager * 1978 – Helen Czerski, English physicist and oceanographer *
1979 Events January * January 1 ** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the '' International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the '' Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the so ...
– Milan Dudić, Serbian footballer * 1979 – Alex Prager, American photographer and director *1980 – Bilgin Defterli, Turkish footballer * 1982 – Bradley Orr, English footballer * 1982 – Warren Spragg, English-Italian rugby player *1983 – Matt Moulson, Canadian ice hockey player * 1983 – Yuko Ogura, Japanese model and singer * 1983 – Jon Wilkin, English rugby player *
1984 Events January * January 1 – The Bornean Sultanate of Brunei gains full independence from the United Kingdom, having become a British protectorate in 1888. * January 7 – Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeas ...
– Miloš Krasić, Serbian footballer *1986 – Penn Badgley, American actor and television personality * 1986 – Ksenija Balta, Estonian high jumper, sprinter, and heptathlete *
1987 File:1987 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The MS Herald of Free Enterprise capsizes after leaving the Port of Zeebrugge in Belgium, killing 193; Northwest Airlines Flight 255 crashes after takeoff from Detroit Metropolitan Airport, ...
– Ileana D'Cruz, Indian film actress *1988 – Masahiro Tanaka, Japanese baseball player *
1991 File:1991 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Boris Yeltsin, elected as Russia's first president, waves the new flag of Russia after the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, orchestrated by Soviet hardliners; Mount Pinatubo erupts in the Phi ...
– Reece Brown (footballer, born 1991), Reece Brown, English footballer * 1991 – Jiang Yuyuan, Chinese gymnast *1994 – James Ward-Prowse, English footballer *1995 – Margarita Mamun, Russian gymnast *1996 – Jeongyeon, Yoo Jeongyeon, South Korean singer


Deaths


Pre-1600

* 934 – Beornstan of Winchester, English bishop * 970 – Boso of Merseburg, German bishop *1038 – Herman I, Margrave of Meissen (b. c. 980) *1296 – Guillaume Durand, French bishop and theologian (b. 1230) *1319 – Uguccione della Faggiuola, Italian condottieri (b. c. 1250) *1324 – John de Halton, Bishop of Carlisle *1391 – Amadeus VII, Count of Savoy (b. 1360) *1399 – John IV, Duke of Brittany (b. 1339)Michael Jones, ''Ducal Brittany, 1364–1399: relations with England and France during the reign of Duke John IV'', Oxford University Press, 1970, pp. 106, 123–4, 128, 130, 200. *1406 – Joanna, Duchess of Brabant (b. 1322) *1423 – Nicholas Eudaimonoioannes, Byzantine diplomat (probable date) *1461 – David of Trebizond (b. 1408) *1496 – Filippo Buonaccorsi, Filippo Buonaccorsi (Filip Callimachus), Italian humanist writer (b. 1437) *1546 – Giulio Romano, Italian painter and architect (b. 1499) *1588 – Jean Daurat, French poet and scholar (b. 1508) *1596 – Pierre Pithou, French lawyer and scholar (b. 1539)


1601–1900

*1629 – Hendrick ter Brugghen, Dutch painter (b. 1588) *1642 – Jean Nicolet, French-Canadian explorer (b. 1598) *1676 – Gisbertus Voetius, Dutch minister and theologian (b. 1589) *1678 – William Coddington, American judge and politician, 1st Governor of Rhode Island (b. 1601) *1700 – Charles II of Spain (b. 1661) *
1814 Events January * January 1 – War of the Sixth Coalition – The Royal Prussian Army led by Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher crosses the Rhine. * January 3 ** War of the Sixth Coalition – Siege of Cattaro: French garrison ...
– Alexander Samoylov, Russian general and politician, List of Ministers of Justice of Imperial Russia, Russian Minister of Justice (b. 1744) *1888 – Nikolay Przhevalsky, Russian geographer and explorer (b. 1838) *
1894 Events January–March * January 4 – A military alliance is established between the French Third Republic and the Russian Empire. * January 7 – William Kennedy Dickson receives a patent for motion picture film in the United S ...
– Alexander III of Russia (b. 1845)


1901–present

*1903 – Theodor Mommsen, German archaeologist, journalist, and politician, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1817) *1907 – Alfred Jarry, French author and playwright (b. 1873) *1925 – Max Linder, French actor, director, screenwriter, producer and comedian (b. 1883) * 1938 – Charles Weeghman, American businessman (b. 1874) *
1942 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Declaration by United Nations is signed by China, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union, and 22 other nations, in w ...
– Hugo Distler, German organist, composer, and conductor (b. 1908) *
1952 Events January–February * January 26 – Black Saturday in Egypt: Rioters burn Cairo's central business district, targeting British and upper-class Egyptian businesses. * February 6 ** Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh, becomes m ...
– Dixie Lee, American singer (b. 1911) * 1955 – Dale Carnegie, American author and educator (b. 1888) *1958 – Yahya Kemal Beyatlı, Turkish poet, author, and diplomat (b. 1884) *1962 – Ricardo Rodríguez (racing driver), Ricardo Rodríguez, Mexican race car driver (b. 1942) *
1968 The year was highlighted by protests and other unrests that occurred worldwide. Events January–February * January 5 – " Prague Spring": Alexander Dubček is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. * Janu ...
– Georgios Papandreou, Greek economist and politician, 134th List of Prime Ministers of Greece, Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1888) *
1970 Events January * January 1 – Unix time epoch reached at 00:00:00 UTC. * January 5 – The 7.1 Tonghai earthquake shakes Tonghai County, Yunnan province, China, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (''Extreme''). Between 10,000 and ...
– Robert Staughton Lynd, American sociologist and academic (b. 1892) *1972 – Waldemar Hammenhög, Swedish author (b. 1902) * 1972 – Robert MacArthur, Canadian-American ecologist and academic (b. 1930) * 1972 – Ezra Pound, American poet and critic (b. 1885) * 1982 – James Broderick, American actor and director (b. 1927) * 1982 – King Vidor, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1894) *1983 – Anthony van Hoboken, Dutch-Swiss musicologist and author (b. 1887) *
1984 Events January * January 1 – The Bornean Sultanate of Brunei gains full independence from the United Kingdom, having become a British protectorate in 1888. * January 7 – Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeas ...
– Norman Krasna, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1909) *1985 – Arnold Pihlak, Estonian-English footballer (b. 1902) * 1985 – Phil Silvers, American actor and comedian (b. 1911) *1986 – Serge Garant, Canadian composer and conductor (b. 1929) *
1987 File:1987 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The MS Herald of Free Enterprise capsizes after leaving the Port of Zeebrugge in Belgium, killing 193; Northwest Airlines Flight 255 crashes after takeoff from Detroit Metropolitan Airport, ...
– René Lévesque, Canadian journalist and politician, 23rd Premier of Quebec (b. 1922) *
1993 File:1993 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Oslo I Accord is signed in an attempt to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict; The Russian White House is shelled during the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis; Czechoslovakia is peacefu ...
– Severo Ochoa, Spanish-American biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1905) * 1993 – A. N. Sherwin-White, English historian and scholar (b. 1911) *1994 – Noah Beery, Jr., American actor (b. 1913) *1996 – J. R. Jayewardene, Sri Lankan lawyer and politician, 2nd President of Sri Lanka (b. 1906) *1999 – Theodore Hall, American physicist and spy (b. 1925) * 1999 – Walter Payton, American football player and race car driver (b. 1954) *
2000 File:2000 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Protests against Bush v. Gore after the 2000 United States presidential election; Heads of state meet for the Millennium Summit; The International Space Station in its infant form as seen from S ...
– George Armstrong (footballer), George Armstrong, English footballer and manager (b. 1944) *2004 – Mac Dre, American rapper and producer, founded Thizz Entertainment (b. 1970) * 2004 – Terry Knight, American singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1943) *2005 – Skitch Henderson, American pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1918) * 2005 – Michael Piller, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1948) *2006 – Adrienne Shelly, American actress, director, and screenwriter (b. 1966) * 2006 – William Styron, American novelist and essayist (b. 1925) *2007 – S. Ali Raza, Indian director and screenwriter (b. 1922) * 2007 – Paul Tibbets, American general (b. 1915) *2008 – Jacques Piccard, Swiss oceanographer and engineer (b. 1922) * 2008 – Shakir Stewart, American record producer (b. 1974) * 2008 – Yma Sumac, Peruvian-American soprano and actress (b. 1922/1923) *2009 – Esther Hautzig, Lithuanian-American author (b. 1930) * 2009 – Endel Laas, Estonian scientist and academic (b. 1915) * 2009 – Robert H. Rines, American violinist and composer (b. 1922) *2010 – Shannon Tavarez, American actress (b. 1999) * 2010 – Diana Wellesley, Duchess of Wellington (b. 1922) * 2011 – Cahit Aral, Turkish engineer and politician, Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology (Turkey), Turkish Minister of Industry and Commerce (b. 1927) *
2012 File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gat ...
– Agustín García Calvo, Spanish poet, playwright, and philosopher (b. 1926) * 2012 – Mitch Lucker, American singer (b. 1984) * 2012 – Pascual Pérez (baseball), Pascual Pérez, Dominican baseball player (b. 1957) *2013 – John Y. McCollister, American lieutenant and politician (b. 1921) * 2013 – Piet Rietveld, Dutch economist and academic (b. 1952) *2014 – Joel Barnett, Baron Barnett, English accountant and politician, Chief Secretary to the Treasury (b. 1923) * 2014 – Jackie Fairweather, Australian runner and coach (b. 1967) * 2014 – Abednigo Ngcobo, South African footballer (b. 1950) * 2014 – Jean-Pierre Roy, Canadian-American baseball player, manager, and sportscaster (b. 1920) * 2014 – Wayne Static, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1965) *2015 – Thomas R. Fitzgerald (judge), Thomas R. Fitzgerald, American lawyer and judge (b. 1941) * 2015 – Houston McTear, American sprinter (b. 1957) * 2015 – Charles Duncan Michener, American entomologist and academic (b. 1918) * 2015 – Günter Schabowski, German journalist and politician (b. 1929) * 2015 – Fred Thompson, American actor, lawyer, and politician (b. 1942) *2020 – Keith Hitchins, American historian expert on Romanian history (b. 1931) *2021 – Hugo Dittfach, Canadian horse jockey (b. 1936) *2022 – Takeoff (rapper), Takeoff, member of the American hip-hop group Migos


Holidays and observances

*All Saints' Day, a holy day of obligation in some areas (a Public holiday, national holiday in many historically Catholic countries), and its related observance: **Day of the Innocents, The first day of Day of the Dead or ''El Dia de los Muertos'' celebration. (Mexico, Haiti) *Public holidays in Algeria, Anniversary of the Revolution (Algeria) *List of harvest festivals#Indian subcontinent, Chavang Kut (Mizo people of Northeast India, Bangladesh, Burma) *Chhattisgarh Rajyotsava ( Chhattisgarh, India) *Christian feast day: **Austromoine **Benignus of Dijon **Caesarius of Africa **Santa Muerte (Folk Catholicism, Mexico and Southwestern United States) **November 1 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) *Public holidays in Bhutan, Coronation of the fifth Druk Gyalpo (Bhutan) *Independence Day (Antigua and Barbuda), Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Antigua and Barbuda from the United Kingdom in 1981. *Karnataka Rajyotsava (
Karnataka Karnataka (; ISO: , , also known as Karunāḍu) is a state in the southwestern region of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act. Originally known as Mysore State , it was renamed ''Karnat ...
, India) *Kerala Day (
Kerala Kerala ( ; ) is a state on the Malabar Coast of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, following the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, by combining Malayalam-speaking regions of the erstwhile regions of Cochin, Malabar, South ...
, India) *Public holidays in the United States Virgin Islands, Liberty Day (United States Virgin Islands) *Lennox–Gastaut syndrome#Support and community, International Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome Awareness Day *National Brush Day (United States) *Public holidays in Bulgaria, National Awakening Day (Bulgaria) *Armed Forces Day#Japan, Self-Defense Forces Commemoration Day (Japan) *The first day of winter observances: **Calan Gaeaf, celebrations start at sunset of October 31. (Wales) **Samhain in the Northern Hemisphere and Beltane in the Southern Hemisphere, celebrations start at sunset of October 31 (Neopagan Wheel of the Year) *World Vegan Day


References


External links

* * * {{DEFAULTSORT:November 01 Days of the year November