January 1
January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...
January 5
Events Pre-1600
*1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France.
1601–1900
* 1675 – Battle of Colmar: The French a ...
- In the first meeting between leaders of the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches since the fifteenth century,
Pope Paul VI
Pope Paul VI ( la, Paulus VI; it, Paolo VI; born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini, ; 26 September 18976 August 1978) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 21 June 1963 to his death in Augus ...
and
Patriarch Athenagoras I of Constantinople
Athenagoras I ( el, Αθηναγόρας Αʹ), born Aristocles Matthaiou ("son of Matthew", a patronymic) Spyrou ( el, Αριστοκλής Ματθαίου Σπύρου, links=no; – July 7, 1972), initially the Greek archbishop in North Amer ...
meet in Jerusalem.
* January 6 – A British firm, the Leyland Motor Corp., announces the sale of 450 buses to the Cuban government, challenging the United States blockade of
Cuba
Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbea ...
Martyrs' Day Martyrs' Day is an annual day observed by nations to salute the martyrdom of soldiers who lost their lives defending the sovereignty of the nation. The actual date may vary from one country to another. Here is a list of countries and Martyrs' Days.
...
'': Armed clashes between United States troops and Panamanian civilians in the Panama Canal Zone precipitate a major international crisis, resulting in the deaths of 21 Panamanians and 4 U.S. soldiers.
*
January 11
Events Pre-1600
* 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence.
* 630 – Conquest of Mecca: The prophet Muha ...
–
United States Surgeon General
The surgeon general of the United States is the operational head of the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (PHSCC) and thus the leading spokesperson on matters of public health in the federal government of the United States. Th ...
Luther Terry
Luther Leonidas Terry (September 15, 1911March 29, 1985) was an American physician and public health official. He was appointed the ninth Surgeon General of the United States from 1961 to 1965, and is best known for his warnings against the dan ...
reports that smoking may be hazardous to one's health (the first such statement from the U.S. government).
*
January 12
Events Pre-1600
* 475 – Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus gains control of the empire.
* 1528 – Gustav I of Sweden is crowned King of Sweden, having already rei ...
**
Zanzibar Revolution
The Zanzibar Revolution () occurred in January 1964 and led to the overthrow of the Sultan of Zanzibar and his mainly Arab government by local Africans.
Zanzibar was an ethnically diverse state consisting of a number of islands off the east co ...
: The predominantly Arab government of
Zanzibar
Zanzibar (; ; ) is an insular semi-autonomous province which united with Tanganyika in 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanzania. It is an archipelago in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of the mainland, and consists of many small islan ...
is overthrown by African nationalist rebels; a United States Navy destroyer evacuates 61 U.S. citizens.
** Routine U.S. naval patrols of the
South China Sea
The South China Sea is a marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean. It is bounded in the north by the shores of South China (hence the name), in the west by the Indochinese Peninsula, in the east by the islands of Taiwan and northwestern Phi ...
Meet the Beatles!
''Meet the Beatles!'' is a studio album by the English rock band the Beatles, released as their second album in the United States. It was the group's first American album to be issued by Capitol Records, on 20 January 1964 in both mono and ste ...
'', the first Beatles album from Capitol Records in the United States, is released ten days after Chicago's
Vee-Jay Records
Vee-Jay Records is an American record label founded in the 1950s, located in Chicago and specializing in blues, jazz, rhythm and blues and rock and roll.
The label was founded in Gary, Indiana in 1953 by Vivian Carter and James C. Bracken, a ...
releases '' Introducing... The Beatles''. The two record companies battle it out in court for months, eventually coming to a conclusion.
* January 22 –
Kenneth Kaunda
Kenneth David Kaunda (28 April 1924 – 17 June 2021), also known as KK, was a Zambian politician who served as the first President of Zambia from 1964 to 1991. He was at the forefront of the struggle for independence from British rule. Diss ...
January 23
Events Pre-1600
* 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor.
* 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao.
*1264 & ...
– Thirteen years after its proposal and nearly two years after its passage by the
United States Senate
The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lower chamber. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States.
The composition and pow ...
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
and the
People's Republic of China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
announce their decision to establish diplomatic relations.
** U.S. Senator
Margaret Chase Smith
Margaret Madeline Smith (née Chase; December 14, 1897 – May 29, 1995) was an American politician. A member of the Republican Party, she served as a U.S. representative (1940–1949) and a U.S. senator (1949–1973) from Maine. She was the firs ...
, 66, announces her candidacy for the Republican presidential nomination.
*
January 28
Events Pre-1600
* 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany.
* 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accession ...
– A U.S. Air Force jet training aircraft that strays into
East Germany
East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; german: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, , DDR, ), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In these years the state ...
is shot down by Soviet fighters near
Erfurt
Erfurt () is the capital and largest city in the Central German state of Thuringia. It is located in the wide valley of the Gera river (progression: ), in the southern part of the Thuringian Basin, north of the Thuringian Forest. It sits i ...
; all three crewmen are killed.
*
January 29
Events
Pre-1600
* 904 – Sergius III is elected pope, after coming out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher.
* 946 – Caliph Al-Mustakfi is blinded and deposed by Emir Mu'izz al-Dawla, rul ...
–
February 9
Events Pre-1600
* 474 – Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire.
* 1003 – Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I the Brave of Poland.
*1539 – The first recorded race is held ...
Austria
Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...
.
*
January 29
Events
Pre-1600
* 904 – Sergius III is elected pope, after coming out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher.
* 946 – Caliph Al-Mustakfi is blinded and deposed by Emir Mu'izz al-Dawla, rul ...
** The
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
launches two scientific
satellite
A satellite or artificial satellite is an object intentionally placed into orbit in outer space. Except for passive satellites, most satellites have an electricity generation system for equipment on board, such as solar panels or radioi ...
s, Elektron I and II, from a single rocket.
**
Ranger 6
Ranger 6 was a lunar probe in the NASA Ranger program, a series of robotic spacecraft of the early and mid-1960s to obtain the first close-up images of the Moon's surface. It was launched on January 30, 1964 and was designed to transmit high-reso ...
is launched by
NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agencies of the United States government, independent agency of the US federal government responsible for the civil List of government space agencies, space program ...
, on a mission to carry television cameras and crash-land on the Moon.
* January 30 – General
Nguyễn Khánh
Nguyễn Khánh (; 8 November 192711 January 2013) was a South Vietnamese military officer and Army of the Republic of Vietnam general who served in various capacities as head of state and prime minister of South Vietnam while at the head of a ...
leads a bloodless military coup d'état, replacing
Dương Văn Minh
Dương Văn Minh (; 16 February 19166 August 2001), popularly known as Big Minh, was a South Vietnamese politician and a senior general in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) and a politician during the presidency of Ngô Đình Diệm ...
Government of the United States
The federal government of the United States (U.S. federal government or U.S. government) is the national government of the United States, a federal republic located primarily in North America, composed of 50 states, a city within a feder ...
authorizes the Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution, outlawing the poll tax.
* February 5 – India backs out of its promise to hold a plebiscite in the disputed territory of Kashmir. In 1948, India had taken the issue of Kashmir to the United Nations Security Council and offered to hold a plebiscite in the held Kashmir under UN supervision.
* February 6 –
Cuba
Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbea ...
cuts off the normal water supply to the United States
Guantanamo Bay Naval Base
Guantanamo Bay Naval Base ( es, Base Naval de la Bahía de Guantánamo), officially known as Naval Station Guantanamo Bay or NSGB, (also called GTMO, pronounced Gitmo as jargon by members of the U.S. military) is a United States military bas ...
, in reprisal for the U.S. seizure four days earlier of four Cuban fishing boats off the coast of
Florida
Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and to ...
.
*
February 10
Events Pre-1600
* 1258 – Mongol invasions: Baghdad falls to the Mongols, bringing the Islamic Golden Age to an end.
* 1306 – In front of the high altar of Greyfriars Church in Dumfries, Robert the Bruce murders John Comyn, spar ...
Royal Australian Navy
The Royal Australian Navy (RAN) is the principal naval force of the Australian Defence Force (ADF). The professional head of the RAN is Chief of Navy (CN) Vice Admiral Mark Hammond AM, RAN. CN is also jointly responsible to the Minister of ...
aircraft carrier and a destroyer collide off New South Wales, Australia.
* February 11
** Greeks and Turks begin fighting in
Limassol
Limassol (; el, Λεμεσός, Lemesós ; tr, Limasol or ) is a city on the southern coast of Cyprus and capital of the district with the same name. Limassol is the second largest urban area in Cyprus after Nicosia, with an urban population ...
,
Cyprus
Cyprus ; tr, Kıbrıs (), officially the Republic of Cyprus,, , lit: Republic of Cyprus is an island country located south of the Anatolian Peninsula in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Its continental position is disputed; while it is ge ...
.
** The Republic of China severs diplomatic relations with France because of French recognition of the People's Republic of China.
* February 17 – Gabonese president
Léon M'ba
Gabriel Léon M'ba (9 February 1902 – 28 November 1967) was a Gabonese politician who served as both the first Prime Minister (1959–1961) and President (1961–1967) of Gabon.
A member of the Fang ethnic group, M'ba was born into a re ...
Jean-Hilaire Aubame
Jean-Hilaire Aubame (10 November 1912 – 16 August 1989) was a Gabonese politician active during both the colonial and independence periods. The French journalist Pierre Péan said that Aubame's training "as a practicing Catholic and a cust ...
, is installed in his place. However, French intervention restores M'ba's government the next day.
* February 25 –
Cassius Clay
Muhammad Ali (; born Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr.; January 17, 1942 – June 3, 2016) was an American professional boxer and activist. Nicknamed "The Greatest", he is regarded as one of the most significant sports figures of the 20th century, a ...
Democratic Party Democratic Party most often refers to:
*Democratic Party (United States)
Democratic Party and similar terms may also refer to:
Active parties Africa
*Botswana Democratic Party
*Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea
*Gabonese Democratic Party
*Demo ...
Senate nomination, following a domestic accident.
* February 27 – The Italian government asks for help to keep the
Leaning Tower of Pisa
The Leaning Tower of Pisa ( it, torre pendente di Pisa), or simply, the Tower of Pisa (''torre di Pisa'' ), is the ''campanile'', or freestanding bell tower, of Pisa Cathedral. It is known for its nearly four-degree lean, the result of an unst ...
from toppling over.
March
*
March 6
Events Pre-1600
* 12 BCE – The Roman emperor Augustus is named Pontifex Maximus, incorporating the position into that of the emperor.
* 632 – The Farewell Sermon (Khutbah, Khutbatul Wada') of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
* 845 & ...
** Constantine II becomes King of Greece, upon the death of his father King
Paul
Paul may refer to:
*Paul (given name), a given name (includes a list of people with that name)
* Paul (surname), a list of people
People
Christianity
*Paul the Apostle (AD c.5–c.64/65), also known as Saul of Tarsus or Saint Paul, early Chri ...
.
** Boxer
Cassius Clay
Muhammad Ali (; born Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr.; January 17, 1942 – June 3, 2016) was an American professional boxer and activist. Nicknamed "The Greatest", he is regarded as one of the most significant sports figures of the 20th century, a ...
announces the change of his name to Muhammad Ali.
*
March 9
Events Pre-1600
* 141 BC – Liu Che, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China.
* 1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg.
* 1226 &nda ...
** ''
New York Times Co. v Sullivan
''New York Times Co. v. Sullivan'', 376 U.S. 254 (1964), was a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision ruling that the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution's freedom of speech protections limit the ability of American public officials to sue for ...
'' (376 US 254 1964): The
United States Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that involve a point o ...
rules that under the
First Amendment
First or 1st is the ordinal form of the number one (#1).
First or 1st may also refer to:
*World record, specifically the first instance of a particular achievement
Arts and media Music
* 1$T, American rapper, singer-songwriter, DJ, and reco ...
, speech criticizing political figures cannot be censored.
** The London Fisheries Convention is signed, giving signatories the right of full access to fishing grounds within 12 nautical miles of the western European coastline.
*
March 10
Events Pre-1600
* 241 BC – First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates: The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing the First Punic War to an end.
* 298 – Roman Emperor Maximian concludes his campaign in North Africa and makes a ...
**
Soviet
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nation ...
military forces shoot down an unarmed reconnaissance bomber that had strayed into
East Germany
East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; german: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, , DDR, ), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In these years the state ...
New Hampshire
New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Gulf of Maine to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the nor ...
Republican
Republican can refer to:
Political ideology
* An advocate of a republic, a type of government that is not a monarchy or dictatorship, and is usually associated with the rule of law.
** Republicanism, the ideology in support of republics or agains ...
Malcolm X
Malcolm X (born Malcolm Little, later Malik el-Shabazz; May 19, 1925 – February 21, 1965) was an American Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a prominent figure during the civil rights movement. A spokesman for the Nation of I ...
Dallas, Texas
Dallas () is the third largest city in Texas and the largest city in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, the fourth-largest metropolitan area in the United States at 7.5 million people. It is the largest city in and seat of Dallas County ...
John F. Kennedy
John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to by his initials JFK and the nickname Jack, was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination ...
assassin
Lee Harvey Oswald
Lee Harvey Oswald (October 18, 1939 – November 24, 1963) was a U.S. Marine veteran who assassinated John F. Kennedy, the 35th president of the United States, on November 22, 1963.
Oswald was placed in juvenile detention at the age of 12 fo ...
.
*
March 15
Events Pre-1600
*474 BC – Roman consul Aulus Manlius Vulso celebrates an ovation for concluding the war against Veii and securing a forty years' truce.
* 44 BC – The assassination of Julius Caesar takes place.
* 493 – Odo ...
–
Richard Burton
Richard Burton (; born Richard Walter Jenkins Jr.; 10 November 1925 – 5 August 1984) was a Welsh actor. Noted for his baritone voice, Burton established himself as a formidable Shakespearean actor in the 1950s, and he gave a memorable pe ...
Montreal
Montreal ( ; officially Montréal, ) is the List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population, second-most populous city in Canada and List of towns in Quebec, most populous city in the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian ...
.
*
March 18
Events Pre-1600
* 37 – Roman Senate annuls Tiberius' will and proclaims Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ''(aka Caligula = Little Boots)'' emperor.Tacitus, ''Annals'' V.10.
* 1068 – An earthquake in the Levant and the Ara ...
– 1964 Moscow protest: Approximately 50 Moroccan students break into the embassy of Morocco in the Soviet Union and stage an all‐day sit-in protesting against sentencing of eleven people to death for the alleged assassination attempt of King Hassan II of Morocco.
*
March 19
Events Pre-1600
* 1277 – The Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1277 is concluded, stipulating a two-year truce and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the Byzantine Empire.
* 1279 – A Mongol victory at the Battle of Yamen en ...
– The American
Jerrie Mock
Geraldine "Jerrie" Fredritz Mock (November 22, 1925 – September 30, 2014) was an American pilot and the first woman to fly solo around the world. She flew a single engine Cessna 180 (registered N1538C) christened the '' Spirit of Columbus'' an ...
sets out to become the first woman to fly solo around the world from March 19, completing her flight on April 17.
*
March 20
Events Pre-1600
* 673 – Emperor Tenmu of Japan assumes the Chrysanthemum Throne at the Palace of Kiyomihara in Asuka.
* 1206 – Michael IV Autoreianos is appointed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.
* 1600 – The Link ...
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) is an intergovernmental organization within the United Nations Secretariat that promotes the interests of developing countries in world trade. It was established in 1964 by the ...
takes place.
*
March 20
Events Pre-1600
* 673 – Emperor Tenmu of Japan assumes the Chrysanthemum Throne at the Palace of Kiyomihara in Asuka.
* 1206 – Michael IV Autoreianos is appointed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.
* 1600 – The Link ...
ESRO
The European Space Research Organisation (ESRO) was an international organisation founded by 10 European nations with the intention of jointly pursuing scientific research in space. It was founded in 1964. As an organisation ESRO was based on a ...
(European Space Research Organization) is established per an agreement signed on June 14, 1962.
*
March 21
Events Pre-1600
* 537 – Siege of Rome: King Vitiges attempts to assault the northern and eastern city walls, but is repulsed at the Praenestine Gate, known as the ''Vivarium'', by the defenders under the Byzantine generals Bessas an ...
– ''Non ho l'età'' by Gigliola Cinquetti (music by
Nicola Salerno
Nicola Salerno, also known as Nisa (11 March 1910 – 22 May 1969) was an Italian lyricist. He formed a famous songwriting duo with Renato Carosone.
Career
Nicola Salerno was born in Naples, Italy.
His first hit was "Eulalia Torricelli" of ...
, text by
Mario Panzeri
Mario Panzeri (11 October 1911 – 19 May 1991) was an Italian lyricist and composer. He is well known for his composed songs that include "Maramao perché sei morto?" "Pippo non lo sa", "Lettera a Pinocchio", and "Grazie dei fior", which won t ...
) wins the
Eurovision Song Contest 1964
The Eurovision Song Contest 1964 was the 9th edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest. It took place in Copenhagen, Denmark, following the country's victory at the with the song "Dansevise" by Grethe & Jørgen Ingmann. Organised by the Eu ...
for Italy.
*
March 27
Events Pre-1600
*1309 – Pope Clement V imposes excommunication and interdiction on Venice, and a general prohibition of all commercial intercourse with Venice, which had seized on Ferrara, a papal fiefdom.
* 1329 – Pope John XXII ...
North America
North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...
n history) at a
magnitude
Magnitude may refer to:
Mathematics
*Euclidean vector, a quantity defined by both its magnitude and its direction
*Magnitude (mathematics), the relative size of an object
*Norm (mathematics), a term for the size or length of a vector
*Order of ...
of 9.2, strikes
Southcentral Alaska
Southcentral Alaska (russian: Юго-Центральная Аляска) is the portion of the U.S. state of Alaska consisting of the shorelines and uplands of the central Gulf of Alaska. Most of the population of the state lives in this reg ...
, killing 125 people and inflicting massive damage to the city of Anchorage.
*
March 28
Events Pre-1600
* AD 37 – Roman emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, bestowed on him by the Senate.
* 193 – After assassinating the Roman Emperor Pertinax, his Praetorian Guards auction off the throne to Di ...
** King
Saud of Saudi Arabia
Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud ( ar, سعود بن عبد العزيز آل سعود ''Suʿūd ibn ʿAbd al ʿAzīz Āl Suʿūd'', Najdi Arabic pronunciation: ; 15 January 1902 – 23 February 1969) was King of Saudi Arabia from 9 November 195 ...
abdicates the throne. His brother, Prince Faisal, does not officially assume the throne until November.
**
Radio Caroline
Radio Caroline is a British radio station founded in 1964 by Ronan O'Rahilly and Alan Crawford initially to circumvent the record companies' control of popular music broadcasting in the United Kingdom and the BBC's radio broadcasting monopoly ...
becomes the United Kingdom's first "Pirate" radio station, broadcasting from a ship anchored just outside UK
territorial waters
The term territorial waters is sometimes used informally to refer to any area of water over which a sovereign state has jurisdiction, including internal waters, the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone, and potent ...
João Goulart
João Belchior Marques Goulart (1 March 1919 – 6 December 1976), commonly known as Jango, was a Brazilian politician who served as the 24th president of Brazil until a military coup d'état deposed him on 1 April 1964. He was considered the ...
dictatorship
A dictatorship is a form of government which is characterized by a leader, or a group of leaders, which holds governmental powers with few to no limitations on them. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator. Politics in a dictatorship a ...
April 1
Events Pre-1600
* 33 – According to one historian's account, Jesus Christ's Last Supper is held.
* 527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne.
*1081 – Alexios I Ko ...
– Deployed military rule in
Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...
ends the government of democratically elected president,
João Goulart
João Belchior Marques Goulart (1 March 1919 – 6 December 1976), commonly known as Jango, was a Brazilian politician who served as the 24th president of Brazil until a military coup d'état deposed him on 1 April 1964. He was considered the ...
The Beatles
The Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960, that comprised John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. They are regarded as the most influential band of all time and were integral to the developmen ...
hold the top 5 positions in the ''Billboard'' Top 40 singles in America, an unprecedented achievement. The top songs in America as listed on April 4, in order, are: "
Can't Buy Me Love
"Can't Buy Me Love" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles that was released in March 1964 as the A-side of their sixth single. It was written by Paul McCartney and credited to the Lennon–McCartney partnership. The song was included ...
", "
Twist and Shout
"Twist and Shout" is a 1961 song written by Phil Medley and Bert Berns (later credited as "Bert Russell"). It was originally recorded by the Top Notes, but it did not become a hit in the record charts until it was reworked by the Isley Brothers ...
", "
She Loves You
"She Loves You" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock band the Beatles for release as a single in 1963. The single set and surpassed several sales records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record i ...
", "
I Want to Hold Your Hand
"I Want to Hold Your Hand" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles. Written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney, and recorded on 17 October 1963, it was the first Beatles record to be made using four-track equipment.
With advance orders ...
", and "
Please Please Me
''Please Please Me'' is the debut studio album by the English rock band the Beatles. Produced by George Martin, it was released on EMI's Parlophone label on 22 March 1963 in the United Kingdom, following the success of the band's first two s ...
".
*
April 7
Events Pre-1600
* 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town.
* 529 – First ''Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Empe ...
Gemini 1
Gemini 1 was the first mission in NASA's Gemini program. An uncrewed test flight of the Gemini spacecraft, its main objectives were to test the structural integrity of the new spacecraft and modified Titan II launch vehicle. It was also the fi ...
is launched, the first unmanned test of the 2-man spacecraft.
*
April 9
Events Pre-1600
* 193 – The distinguished soldier Septimius Severus is proclaimed emperor by the army in Illyricum.
* 475 – Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (''Enkyklikon'') to the bishops of his empire, su ...
– The
United Nations Security Council
The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN) and is charged with ensuring international peace and security, recommending the admission of new UN members to the General Assembly, an ...
adopts by a 9–0 vote a resolution deploring a British air attack on a fort in
Yemen
Yemen (; ar, ٱلْيَمَن, al-Yaman), officially the Republic of Yemen,, ) is a country in Western Asia. It is situated on the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula, and borders Saudi Arabia to the Saudi Arabia–Yemen border, north and ...
12 days earlier, in which 25 persons have been reported killed.
*
April 11
Events Pre-1600
* 491 – Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine emperor, with the name of Anastasius I.
*1241 – Batu Khan defeats Béla IV of Hungary at the Battle of Mohi.
*1512 – War of the League of Cambrai: Franco-Ferrare ...
– The Brazilian Congress elects Field Marshal
Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco
Marshal Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco () (September 20, 1897 – July 18, 1967) was a Brazilian military leader and politician. He served as the first president of the Brazilian military dictatorship after the 1964 military coup d'etat. ...
as President of
Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...
Academy Award
The Academy Awards, better known as the Oscars, are awards for artistic and technical merit for the American and international film industry. The awards are regarded by many as the most prestigious, significant awards in the entertainment ind ...
April 16
Events Pre-1600
* 1457 BC – Battle of Megido - the first battle to have been recorded in what is accepted as relatively reliable detail.
* 69 – Defeated by Vitellius' troops at Bedriacum, Otho commits suicide.
* 73 – Masad ...
– In the Assize Court at Buckingham, UK, sentences totalling 307 years are passed on twelve men who stole £2,600,000 in used bank notes, after holding up the night train from
Glasgow
Glasgow ( ; sco, Glesca or ; gd, Glaschu ) is the most populous city in Scotland and the fourth-most populous city in the United Kingdom, as well as being the 27th largest city by population in Europe. In 2020, it had an estimated popul ...
to
London
London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...
April 19
Events Pre-1600
* AD 65 – The freedman Milichus betrays Piso's plot to kill the Emperor Nero and all the conspirators are arrested.
* 531 – Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persi ...
Souvanna Phouma
Prince Souvanna Phouma (; 7 October 1901 – 10 January 1984) was the leader of the neutralist faction and Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Laos several times (1951–1954, 1956–1958, 1960, and 1962–1975).
Early life
Souvanna Phouma was the so ...
is deposed by a right-wing military group, led by Brig. Gen.
Kouprasith Abhay
Major-General Kouprasith Abhay ( lo, ກຸປຣະສິທທິ໌ ອະພັຍ; nicknamed 'Fat K'; 1926–1999?Stuart-Fox, pp. 169–170.) was a prominent military leader of the Kingdom of Laos during the Laotian Civil War. Scion of a s ...
. Not supported by the United States, the coup is ultimately unsuccessful, and Souvanna Phouma is reinstated, remaining as Prime Minister until 1975.
*
April 20
Events Pre-1600
* 1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII.
1601–1900
*1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves England's Rump Parliament.
*1657 – English Admiral Robert Blake destroys ...
** U.S. President Lyndon Johnson in New York, and Soviet Premier
Nikita Khrushchev
Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (– 11 September 1971) was the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 and chairman of the country's Council of Ministers from 1958 to 1964. During his rule, Khrushchev s ...
in Moscow, simultaneously announce plans to cut back production of materials for making
nuclear weapon
A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or a combination of fission and fusion reactions ( thermonuclear bomb), producing a nuclear explosion. Both bom ...
s.
** Nelson Mandela makes his "I Am Prepared to Die" speech at the opening of the
Rivonia Trial
The Rivonia Trial took place in South Africa between 9 October 1963 and 12 June 1964, and led to the imprisonment of Nelson Mandela and the others among the accused who were convicted of sabotage and sentenced to life at the Palace of Justice ...
, a key event for the anti-apartheid movement.
** In the UK, BBC Two television starts broadcasting for the first time.
*
April 22
Events Pre-1600
* 1500 – Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral lands in Brazil.
* 1519 – Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés establishes a settlement at Veracruz, Mexico.
*1529 – Treaty of Zaragoza divides the eastern h ...
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
since 1963 for
spying
Espionage, spying, or intelligence gathering is the act of obtaining Secrecy, secret or Confidentiality, confidential information (Intelligence assessment, intelligence) from non-disclosed sources or divulging of the same without the Consent ...
, is exchanged for Soviet spy
Gordon Lonsdale
Konon Trofimovich Molody (russian: Ко́нон Трофи́мович Моло́дый; 17 January 1922 – 9 September 1970) was a Soviet intelligence officer, known in the West as Gordon Arnold Lonsdale. Posing as a Canadian businessman during ...
.
** The 1964 New York World's Fair opens to celebrate the 300th anniversary of New Amsterdam being taken over by British forces under the Duke of York (later
King James II
James VII and II (14 October 1633 16 September 1701) was King of England and King of Ireland as James II, and King of Scotland as James VII from the death of his elder brother, Charles II, on 6 February 1685. He was deposed in the Glorious Re ...
) and being renamed New York in 1664. The fair runs until October 18, 1964, and reopens April 21, 1965, finally closing October 17, 1965. Although not internationally sanctioned, due to being within ten years of the
Seattle World's Fair
The Century 21 Exposition (also known as the Seattle World's Fair) was a world's fair held April 21, 1962, to October 21, 1962, in Seattle, Washington (state), Washington, United States.1962, so that some countries decline to attend, many have pavilions with exotic crafts, art and food.
*
April 25
Events Pre-1600
*404 BC – Admiral Lysander and King Pausanias of Sparta blockade Athens and bring the Peloponnesian War to a successful conclusion.
* 775 – The Battle of Bagrevand puts an end to an Armenian rebellion against the ...
– Thieves steal the head of the
Little Mermaid
"The Little Mermaid" ( da, Den lille havfrue) is a literary fairy tale written by the Danish author Hans Christian Andersen. The story follows the journey of a young mermaid who is willing to give up her life in the sea as a mermaid to gain a h ...
statue in
Copenhagen
Copenhagen ( or .; da, København ) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark, with a proper population of around 815.000 in the last quarter of 2022; and some 1.370,000 in the urban area; and the wider Copenhagen metropolitan ar ...
, Denmark (Although the attack was attributed to
Jørgen Nash
Jørgen Nash (March 16, 1920 – May 17, 2004) was a Danish artist, writer and central proponent of Situationism.
Life
He was born in Vejrum, Jutland, Denmark, baptized Jørgen Axel Jørgensen, the brother of Asger Jorn. He later changed hi ...
, the Danish media blamed the painter
Henrik Bruun
Henrik is a male given name of Germanic origin, primarily used in Scandinavia, Estonia, Hungary and Slovenia. In Poland, the name is spelt Henryk (given name), Henryk but pronounced similarly. Equivalents in other languages are Henry (given name), ...
, who never confessed to the crime).
*
April 26
Events Pre-1600
* 1336 – Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) ascends Mont Ventoux.
*1348 – Czech king Karel IV founds the Charles University in Prague, which was later named after him and was the first university in Central Europe.
* 1 ...
–
Tanganyika
Tanganyika may refer to:
Places
* Tanganyika Territory (1916–1961), a former British territory which preceded the sovereign state
* Tanganyika (1961–1964), a sovereign state, comprising the mainland part of present-day Tanzania
* Tanzania Main ...
and
Zanzibar
Zanzibar (; ; ) is an insular semi-autonomous province which united with Tanganyika in 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanzania. It is an archipelago in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of the mainland, and consists of many small islan ...
merge to form
Tanzania
Tanzania (; ), officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It borders Uganda to the north; Kenya to the northeast; Comoro Islands and ...
.
May
*
May 1
Events Pre-1600
* 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor.
* 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches.
*1169 – N ...
– At 4:00 a.m.,
John George Kemeny
John George Kemeny (born Kemény János György; May 31, 1926 – December 26, 1992) was a Hungarian-born American mathematician, computer scientist, and educator best known for co-developing the BASIC programming language in 1964 with Thomas ...
and
Thomas Eugene Kurtz
Thomas Eugene Kurtz (born February 22, 1928) is a retired Dartmouth professor of mathematics and computer scientist, who along with his colleague John G. Kemeny set in motion the then revolutionary concept of making computers as freely availa ...
run the first computer program written in BASIC (Beginners' All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code), an easy to learn high level
programming language
A programming language is a system of notation for writing computer programs. Most programming languages are text-based formal languages, but they may also be graphical. They are a kind of computer language.
The description of a programming ...
which they have created. BASIC is eventually included on many computers and even some games consoles.
*
May 2
Events Pre-1600
* 1194 – King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
*1230 – William de Braose is hanged by Prince Llywelyn the Great.
* 1536 – Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, is arrested and imprison ...
**
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (also known by other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam a ...
Viet Cong
,
, war = the Vietnam War
, image = FNL Flag.svg
, caption = The flag of the Viet Cong, adopted in 1960, is a variation on the flag of North Vietnam. Sometimes the lower stripe was green.
, active ...
commandos causes carrier USNS ''Card'' to sink in the port of
Times Square
Times Square is a major commercial intersection, tourist destination, entertainment hub, and neighborhood in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. It is formed by the junction of Broadway, Seventh Avenue, and 42nd Street. Together with adjacent ...
, New York, and another 700 in
San Francisco
San Francisco (; Spanish language, Spanish for "Francis of Assisi, Saint Francis"), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the commercial, financial, and cultural center of Northern California. The city proper is the List of Ca ...
, in the first major student demonstration against the Vietnam War. Smaller marches also occur in Boston, Seattle, and Madison, WI.
** United States Senator Barry Goldwater receives more than 75% of the votes in the
Texas
Texas (, ; Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2020, it is the second-largest U.S. state by ...
Republican presidential primary.
**
Henry Hezekiah Dee
''Mississippi Cold Case'' is a 2007 feature documentary produced by David Ridgen of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation about the Ku Klux Klan murders of two 19-year-old black men, Henry Hezekiah Dee and Charles Eddie Moore, in Southwest Missi ...
and
Charles Eddie Moore
''Mississippi Cold Case'' is a 2007 feature documentary produced by David Ridgen of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation about the Ku Klux Klan murders of two 19-year-old black men, Henry Hezekiah Dee and Charles Eddie Moore, in Southwest Missis ...
, hitchhiking in
Meadville, Mississippi
Meadville is a town in and the county seat of Franklin County, Mississippi, United States, in the southwest part of the state. The population was 449 at the 2010 census, down from 519 at the 2000 census. It is situated north of the Homochitto Riv ...
May 4
Events Pre-1600
* 1256 – The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV issues a papal bull ''Licet ecclesiae catholicae''.
* 1415 – Religious reformers John Wycliffe and Jan Hus ar ...
– The
United States Congress
The United States Congress is the legislature of the federal government of the United States. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, and an upper body, the Senate. It meets in the U.S. Capitol in Washing ...
recognizes Bourbon whiskey as a "distinctive product of the United States".
*
May 7
Events Pre-1600
* 351 – The Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus breaks out after his arrival at Antioch.
* 558 – In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses, twenty years after its construction. Justinian I imm ...
**
Pacific Air Lines Flight 773
Pacific Air Lines Flight 773 was a Fairchild F27A Friendship airliner that crashed on May 7, 1964, near Danville, California, a suburb east of Oakland. The Thursday morning crash was most likely the first instance in the United States of an airl ...
FBI
The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States and its principal federal law enforcement agency. Operating under the jurisdiction of the United States Department of Justice, t ...
later reports that a cockpit recorder tape indicates that the pilot and co-pilot had been shot by a suicidal passenger.
** At a mail rockets demonstration by
Gerhard Zucker
Gerhard Zucker (1908–1985) was a German businessman and rocket engineer.
Biography
Born in Hasselfelde, he first came to public notice in 1931, when he began to work on the problem of transporting mail by rocket. In 1933 he performed several ...
on Hasselkopf Mountain near
Braunlage
Braunlage () is a town and health resort in the Goslar district of Lower Saxony in Germany. Situated within the Harz mountain range, south of the Brocken massif, Braunlage's main business is tourism, particularly skiing. Nearby ski resorts inclu ...
(Lower Saxonia, Germany), three people are killed by a rocket explosion.
*
May 9
Events Pre-1600
* 328 – Athanasius is elected Patriarch of Alexandria.
*1009 – Lombard Revolt: Lombard forces led by Melus revolt in Bari against the Byzantine Catepanate of Italy.
*1386 – England and Portugal formally rati ...
– South Korean President Park Chung-hee reshuffles his Cabinet, after a series of student demonstrations against his efforts to restore diplomatic and trade relations with
Japan
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...
Terence Conran
Sir Terence Orby Conran (4 October 1931 – 12 September 2020) was an English designer, restaurateur, retailer and writer. He founded the Design Museum in Shad Thames, London in 1989 The British designer Thomas Heatherwick said that Conran ...
opens the first
Habitat
In ecology, the term habitat summarises the array of resources, physical and biotic factors that are present in an area, such as to support the survival and reproduction of a particular species. A species habitat can be seen as the physical ...
store on London's
Fulham Road
Fulham Road is a street in London, England, which comprises the A304 and part of the A308.
Overview
Fulham Road ( the A219) runs from Putney Bridge as "Fulham High Street" and then eastward to Fulham Broadway, in the London Borough of Hamme ...
.
*
May 12
Events Pre-1600
* 254 – Pope Stephen I succeeds Pope Lucius I, becoming the 23rd pope of the Catholic Church, and immediately takes a stand against Novatianism.
* 907 – Zhu Wen forces Emperor Ai into abdicating, ending the Tang d ...
– Twelve young men in New York City publicly burn their draft cards to protest the Vietnam War; the first such act of war resistance.
*
May 23
Events Pre-1600
* 1430 – Joan of Arc is captured at the Siege of Compiègne by troops from the Burgundian faction.
*1498 – Girolamo Savonarola is burned at the stake in Florence, Italy.
* 1533 – The marriage of King Henry VI ...
– Madeline Dassault, 63, wife of a French plane manufacturer and politician, is kidnapped while leaving her car in front of her Paris home; she is found unharmed the next day in a farmhouse from Paris.
* May 24 – 25 – The crowd at a football match in
Lima
Lima ( ; ), originally founded as Ciudad de Los Reyes (City of The Kings) is the capital and the largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín Rivers, in the desert zone of the central coastal part of ...
,
Peru
, image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg
, image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg
, other_symbol = Great Seal of the State
, other_symbol_type = National seal
, national_motto = "Firm and Happy f ...
Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...
game; 319 are killed, 500 injured.
* May 27 – The ongoing
Colombian conflict
The Colombian conflict ( es, link=no, Conflicto armado interno de Colombia) began on May 27, 1964, and is a low-intensity asymmetric war between the government of Colombia, far-right paramilitary groups, crime syndicates, and far-left gue ...
starts.
*
May 28
Events Pre-1600
*585 BC – A solar eclipse occurs, as predicted by the Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Cyaxares in the Battle of the Eclipse, leading to a truce. This is one of the cardinal dates from ...
May 29
Events Pre-1600
* 363 – The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sasanian army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sasanian capital, but is unable to take the city.
* 1108 – Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops under ...
Nguyen Khanh
Nguyễn () is the most common Vietnamese surname. Outside of Vietnam, the surname is commonly rendered without diacritics as Nguyen. Nguyên (元)is a different word and surname.
By some estimates 39 percent of Vietnamese people bear this s ...
June 2
Events Pre-1600
* 455 – Sack of Rome: Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks.
* 1098 – First Crusade: The first Siege of Antioch ends as Crusader forces take the city; the second siege began five days later. 1601 ...
** Senator Barry Goldwater wins the
California
California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the most populous U.S. state and the 3rd largest by area. It is also the m ...
Republican primary, making him the overwhelming favorite for the party's nomination as
President of the United States
The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States ...
.
** Five million shares of stock in the Communications Satellite Corporation (Comsat) are offered for sale at $20 a share, and the issue is quickly sold out.
*
June 3
Events Pre-1600
* 350 – The Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman emperor, entering Rome at the head of a group of gladiators.
* 713 – The Byzantine emperor Philippicus is blinded, depos ...
martial law
Martial law is the imposition of direct military control of normal civil functions or suspension of civil law by a government, especially in response to an emergency where civil forces are overwhelmed, or in an occupied territory.
Use
Marti ...
in
Seoul
Seoul (; ; ), officially known as the Seoul Special City, is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea.Before 1972, Seoul was the ''de jure'' capital of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) as stated iArticle 103 of ...
, after 10,000 student demonstrators overpower police.
*
June 11
Events Pre-1600
* 173 – Marcomannic Wars: The Roman army in Moravia is encircled by the Quadi, who have broken the peace treaty (171). In a violent thunderstorm emperor Marcus Aurelius defeats and subdues them in the so-called "miracle ...
** Greece rejects direct talks with
Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in ...
over
Cyprus
Cyprus ; tr, Kıbrıs (), officially the Republic of Cyprus,, , lit: Republic of Cyprus is an island country located south of the Anatolian Peninsula in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Its continental position is disputed; while it is ge ...
.
**
Cologne school massacre
The Cologne school massacre was a mass murder that occurred at the Catholic elementary school () located in the suburb of Volkhoven in Cologne, West Germany on 11 June 1964. The perpetrator, Walter Seifert, also known as "" ("Firedevil of Volk ...
: In
Cologne
Cologne ( ; german: Köln ; ksh, Kölle ) is the largest city of the German western state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) and the fourth-most populous city of Germany with 1.1 million inhabitants in the city proper and 3.6 millio ...
, West Germany, Walter Seifert attacks students and teachers in an elementary school with a flamethrower, killing 10 and injuring 21.
*
June 12
Events Pre-1600
* 910 – Battle of Augsburg: The Hungarians defeat the East Frankish army under King Louis the Child, using the famous feigned retreat tactic of the nomadic warriors.
* 1240 – At the instigation of Louis IX of Fr ...
life imprisonment in South Africa
Life imprisonment in South Africa has an indeterminate length and may last for the remainder of the offender's life. It is a mandatory punishment for premeditated murder, gang rape, serial rape including rape where the rapist knew they were HIV po ...
June 14
Events Pre-1600
* 1158 – The city of Munich is founded by Henry the Lion on the banks of the river Isar.
* 1216 – First Barons' War: Prince Louis of France takes the city of Winchester, abandoned by John, King of England, and soon ...
- Kicking off the Civil Rights project known as Freedom Summer, 300 volunteers begin preparing for a summer in Mississippi. The training is held at the Western College for Women (now Miami University).
*
June 19
Events Pre-1600
* 325 – The original Nicene Creed is adopted at the First Council of Nicaea.
*1179 – The Battle of Kalvskinnet takes place outside Nidaros (now Trondheim), Norway. Earl Erling Skakke is killed, and the battle chan ...
– U.S. Senator
Edward Kennedy
Edward Moore Kennedy (February 22, 1932 – August 25, 2009) was an American lawyer and politician who served as a United States senator from Massachusetts for almost 47 years, from 1962 until his death in 2009. A member of the Democratic ...
, 32, is seriously injured in a private plane crash at Southampton, Massachusetts; the pilot is killed.
* June 20 – The Ford GT40 makes its first appearance at the 24 Hours of Le Mans. It does not see its first victory, however, until 2 years later in 1966. At the same event, the
AC Cobra
The AC Cobra, sold in the United States as the Shelby Cobra and AC Shelby Cobra, is a sports car manufactured by British company AC Cars, with a Ford V8 engine. It was produced intermittently in both the United Kingdom and later the Unite ...
wins its class in its second Le Mans appearance.
* June 21 –
Spain
, image_flag = Bandera de España.svg
, image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg
, national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond")
, national_anthem = (English: "Royal March")
, i ...
beats the
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
June 26
Events Pre-1600
* 4 – Augustus adopts Tiberius.
* 221 – Roman emperor Elagabalus adopts his cousin Alexander Severus as his heir and receives the title of Caesar.
* 363 – Roman emperor Julian is killed during the retreat fr ...
–
Moise Tshombe
Moise is a given name and surname, with differing spellings in its French and Romanian origins, both of which originate from the name Moses: Moïse is the French spelling of Moses, while Moise is the Romanian spelling. As a surname, Moisè and Mo ...
returns to the
Democratic Republic of the Congo
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (french: République démocratique du Congo (RDC), colloquially "La RDC" ), informally Congo-Kinshasa, DR Congo, the DRC, the DROC, or the Congo, and formerly and also colloquially Zaire, is a country in ...
from exile in Spain.
July
*
July 6
Events Pre-1600
* 371 BC – The Battle of Leuctra shatters Sparta's reputation of military invincibility.
* 640 – Battle of Heliopolis: The Muslim Arab army under 'Amr ibn al-'As defeat the Byzantine forces near Heliopolis (Egypt ...
–
Malawi
Malawi (; or aláwi Tumbuka: ''Malaŵi''), officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in Southeastern Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland. It is bordered by Zambia to the west, Tanzania to the north and northeas ...
receives its independence from the United Kingdom.
*
July 18
Events Pre-1600
* 477 BC – Battle of the Cremera as part of the Roman–Etruscan Wars. Veii ambushes and defeats the Roman army.
* 387 BC – Roman- Gaulish Wars: Battle of the Allia: A Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, l ...
Harlem
Harlem is a neighborhood in Upper Manhattan, New York City. It is bounded roughly by the Hudson River on the west; the Harlem River and 155th Street on the north; Fifth Avenue on the east; and Central Park North on the south. The greater Ha ...
, New York, United States, apparently prompted by the shooting of a teenager.
**
Judith Graham Pool
Judith Ethel Graham Pool (June 1, 1919 — July 13, 1975) was an American scientist. She is best known for the discovery of cryoprecipitation, a process for creating concentrated blood clotting factors which significantly improved the quality of ...
publishes her discovery of
cryoprecipitate
Cryoprecipitate, also called cryo for short, is a frozen blood product prepared from blood plasma. To create cryoprecipitate, fresh frozen plasma thawed to 1–6 °C is then centrifuged and the precipitate is collected. The precipitate is r ...
, a frozen blood clotting product made from plasma primarily to treat hemophiliacs around the world.
*
July 19
Events Pre-1600
*AD 64 – The Great Fire of Rome causes widespread devastation and rages on for six days, destroying half of the city.
* 484 – Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned Eastern emperor at Tarsus (modern Turkey). He is ...
–
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (also known by other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam a ...
, South Vietnamese Prime Minister and military leader
Nguyễn Khánh
Nguyễn Khánh (; 8 November 192711 January 2013) was a South Vietnamese military officer and Army of the Republic of Vietnam general who served in various capacities as head of state and prime minister of South Vietnam while at the head of a ...
calls for expanding the war into
North Vietnam
North Vietnam, officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV; vi, Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa), was a socialist state supported by the Soviet Union (USSR) and the People's Republic of China (PRC) in Southeast Asia that existed f ...
.
*
July 20
Events Pre-1600
* 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus, son of emperor Vespasian, storms the Fortress of Antonia north of the Temple Mount. The Roman army is drawn into street fights with the Zealots.
* 792 – Kardam of Bulgaria defea ...
** Vietnam War:
Viet Cong
,
, war = the Vietnam War
, image = FNL Flag.svg
, caption = The flag of the Viet Cong, adopted in 1960, is a variation on the flag of North Vietnam. Sometimes the lower stripe was green.
, active ...
forces attack a provincial capital, killing 11 South Vietnamese military personnel and 40 civilians (30 of which are children).
** The
National Movement of the Revolution
The National Movement of the Revolution (french: Mouvement national de la révolution, abbreviated MNR) was a political party in the Republic of the Congo. MNR was founded at a congress held June 29 to July 6, 1964. MNR was instituted as the sole ...
political party
A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular country's elections. It is common for the members of a party to hold similar ideas about politics, and parties may promote specific ideological or p ...
.
*
July 21
Events Pre-1600
* 356 BC – The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is destroyed by arson.
* 230 – Pope Pontian succeeds Urban I as the eighteenth pope. After being exiled to Sardinia, he became t ...
–
Race riots
An ethnic conflict is a conflict between two or more contending ethnic groups. While the source of the conflict may be political, social, economic or religious, the individuals in conflict must expressly fight for their ethnic group's positi ...
begin in
Singapore
Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bor ...
between ethnic Chinese and Malays.
*
July 22
Events Pre-1600
* 838 – Battle of Anzen: The Byzantine emperor Theophilos suffers a heavy defeat by the Abbasids.
*1099 – First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of J ...
– The second meeting of the
Organisation of African Unity
The Organisation of African Unity (OAU; french: Organisation de l'unité africaine, OUA) was an intergovernmental organization established on 25 May 1963 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, with 32 signatory governments. One of the main heads for OAU's ...
is held.
*
July 24
Events Pre-1600
*1132 – Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily.
* 1148 – Louis VII of France lays siege to Damascus during the Second Crusade.
*1304 – Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirl ...
– A minor
criticality accident
A criticality accident is an accidental uncontrolled nuclear fission chain reaction. It is sometimes referred to as a critical excursion, critical power excursion, or divergent chain reaction. Any such event involves the unintended accumulation ...
takes place at a United Nuclear Corporation Fuels recovery plant in Wood River Junction, Rhode Island, United States, causing the death of one worker.
*
July 27
Events Pre-1600
* 1054 – Siward, Earl of Northumbria, invades Scotland and defeats Macbeth, King of Scotland, somewhere north of the Firth of Forth.
* 1189 – Friedrich Barbarossa arrives at Niš, the capital of Serbian King Ste ...
–
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (also known by other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam a ...
: The U.S. sends 5,000 more military advisers to South Vietnam, bringing the total number of United States forces in Vietnam to 21,000.
* July 31 –
Ranger program
The Ranger program was a series of unmanned space missions by the United States in the 1960s whose objective was to obtain the first close-up images of the surface of the Moon. The Ranger spacecraft were designed to take images of the lunar surf ...
:
Ranger 7
Ranger 7 was the first space probe of the United States to successfully transmit close images of the lunar surface back to Earth. It was also the first completely successful flight of the Ranger program. Launched on July 28, 1964, Ranger 7 was d ...
sends back the first close-up photographs of the Moon (images are 1,000 times clearer than anything ever seen from Earth-bound
telescope
A telescope is a device used to observe distant objects by their emission, absorption, or reflection of electromagnetic radiation. Originally meaning only an optical instrument using lenses, curved mirrors, or a combination of both to observ ...
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (also known by other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam a ...
: United States destroyer ''Maddox'' is attacked in the Gulf of Tonkin. Air support from the carrier USS ''Ticonderoga'' sinks one gunboat, while the other two leave the battle.
*
August 5
Events Pre-1600
*AD 25 – Guangwu claims the throne as Emperor of China, restoring the Han dynasty after the collapse of the short-lived Xin dynasty.
* 70 – Fires resulting from the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem are ...
** Vietnam War:
Operation Pierce Arrow
Operation Pierce Arrow was a U.S. bombing campaign at the beginning of the Vietnam War.
In response to the Gulf of Tonkin Incident when the destroyers and of the United States Navy engaged North Vietnamese ships, sustaining light damage as ...
North Vietnam
North Vietnam, officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV; vi, Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa), was a socialist state supported by the Soviet Union (USSR) and the People's Republic of China (PRC) in Southeast Asia that existed f ...
in retaliation for strikes against U.S. destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin.
** The Simba rebel army in the
Democratic Republic of the Congo
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (french: République démocratique du Congo (RDC), colloquially "La RDC" ), informally Congo-Kinshasa, DR Congo, the DRC, the DROC, or the Congo, and formerly and also colloquially Zaire, is a country in ...
captures Stanleyville, and takes 1,000 Western hostages.
*
August 7
Events Pre-1600
* 461 – Roman Emperor Majorian is beheaded near the river Iria in north-west Italy following his arrest and deposition by the ''magister militum'' Ricimer.
* 626 – The Avar and Slav armies leave the siege of Co ...
– Vietnam War: The United States Congress passes the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, giving U.S. President
Lyndon B. Johnson
Lyndon Baines Johnson (; August 27, 1908January 22, 1973), often referred to by his initials LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th president of the United States from 1963 to 1969. He had previously served as the 37th vice ...
broad war powers to deal with North Vietnamese attacks on U.S. forces.
*
August 8
Events Pre-1600
* 685 BC – Spring and Autumn period: Battle of Qianshi: Upon the death of the previous Duke of Qi, Gongsun Wuzhi, Duke Zhuang of Lu sends an army into the Duchy of Qi to install the exiled Qi prince Gongzi Jiu as the ...
– A Rolling Stones gig in Scheveningen gets out of control. Riot police end the gig after about fifteen minutes, upon which spectators start to fight the riot police.
*
August 13
Events Pre-1600
*29 BC – Octavian holds the first of three consecutive triumphs in Rome to celebrate the victory over the Dalmatian tribes.
* 523 – John I becomes the new Pope after the death of Pope Hormisdas.
* 554 – Emp ...
– The last judicial hanging in the United Kingdom takes place when murderers
Gwynne Owen Evans
The murder of John Alan West on 7 April 1964 was the crime which led to the last death sentences being carried out in the United Kingdom. West, a 53-year-old van driver for a laundry company, was beaten and stabbed to death by Gwynne Evans and P ...
and
Peter Anthony Allen
The murder of John Alan West on 7 April 1964 was the crime which led to the last Capital punishment, death sentences being carried out in the United Kingdom. West, a 53-year-old van driver for a laundry company, was beaten and stabbed to death b ...
Nguyễn Khánh
Nguyễn Khánh (; 8 November 192711 January 2013) was a South Vietnamese military officer and Army of the Republic of Vietnam general who served in various capacities as head of state and prime minister of South Vietnam while at the head of a ...
replaces
Dương Văn Minh
Dương Văn Minh (; 16 February 19166 August 2001), popularly known as Big Minh, was a South Vietnamese politician and a senior general in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) and a politician during the presidency of Ngô Đình Diệm ...
as South Vietnam's chief of state and establishes a new
constitution
A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed.
When these princ ...
, drafted partly by the U.S. Embassy.
*
August 18
Events Pre-1600
* 684 – Battle of Marj Rahit: Umayyad partisans defeat the supporters of Ibn al-Zubayr and cement Umayyad control of Syria.
* 707 – Princess Abe accedes to the imperial Japanese throne as Empress Genmei.
*1304 & ...
– The International Olympic Committee bans South Africa from the Tokyo Olympics on the grounds that its teams are racially segregated.
*
August 20
Events Pre-1600
* AD 14 – Agrippa Postumus, maternal grandson of the late Roman emperor Augustus, is mysteriously executed by his guards while in exile.
* 636 – Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take con ...
– The International Telecommunications Satellite Consortium ( Intelsat) began to work.
*
August 22
Events Pre-1600
* 392 – Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor.
* 851 – Battle of Jengland: Erispoe defeats Charles the Bald near the Breton town of Jengland.
*1138 – Battle of the Standard between Scotland a ...
– Goalkeeper Derek Foster of Sunderland becomes the youngest-ever player to play in the English Football League, aged 15 years and 185 days.
*
August 24
Events Pre-1600
* 367 – Gratian, son of Roman Emperor Valentinian I, is named co-Augustus at the age of eight by his father.
* 394 – The Graffito of Esmet-Akhom, the latest known inscription in Egyptian hieroglyphs, is written. ...
Lyndon B. Johnson
Lyndon Baines Johnson (; August 27, 1908January 22, 1973), often referred to by his initials LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th president of the United States from 1963 to 1969. He had previously served as the 37th vice ...
for a full term, and U.S. Senator
Hubert Humphrey
Hubert Horatio Humphrey Jr. (May 27, 1911 – January 13, 1978) was an American pharmacist and politician who served as the 38th vice president of the United States from 1965 to 1969. He twice served in the United States Senate, representing Mi ...
of
Minnesota
Minnesota () is a state in the upper midwestern region of the United States. It is the 12th largest U.S. state in area and the 22nd most populous, with over 5.75 million residents. Minnesota is home to western prairies, now given over to ...
as his running mate.
*
August 27
Events Pre-1600
* 410 – The sacking of Rome by the Visigoths ends after three days.
* 1172 – Henry the Young King and Margaret of France are crowned junior king and queen of England.
*1232 – Shikken Hojo Yasutoki of the K ...
–
Walt Disney
Walter Elias Disney (; December 5, 1901December 15, 1966) was an American animator, film producer and entrepreneur. A pioneer of the American animation industry, he introduced several developments in the production of cartoons. As a film p ...
's ''
Mary Poppins It may refer to:
* ''Mary Poppins'' (book series), the original 1934–1988 children's fantasy novels that introduced the character.
* Mary Poppins (character), the nanny with magical powers.
* ''Mary Poppins'' (film), a 1964 Disney film sta ...
'' has its world premiere in Los Angeles. It will go on to become Disney's biggest moneymaker, and winner of 5 Academy Awards, including a
Best Actress
Best Actress is the name of an award which is presented by various film, television and theatre organisations, festivals, and people's awards to leading actresses in a film, television series, television film or play. The first Best Actress aw ...
. It is the first Disney film to be nominated for
Best Picture
This is a list of categories of awards commonly awarded through organizations that bestow film awards, including those presented by various film, festivals, and people's awards.
Best Actor/Best Actress
*See Best Actor#Film awards, Best Actress#F ...
.
*
August 28
Events Pre-1600
* 475 – The Roman general Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his capital city, Ravenna.
* 489 – Theodoric, king of the Ostrogoths, defeats Odoacer at the Battle of Isonzo, forcing his way ...
Philadelphia 1964 race riot
The Philadelphia race riot, or Columbia Avenue Riot, took place in the predominantly black neighborhoods of North Philadelphia from August 28 to August 30, 1964. Tensions between black residents of the city and police had been escalating for seve ...
: Tensions between
African American
African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans and Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group consisting of Americans with partial or total ancestry from sub-Saharan Africa. The term "African American" generally denotes descendants of ens ...
residents and police lead to 341 injuries and 774 arrests.
September
*
September 2
Events
Pre-1600
* 44 BC – Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion.
* 44 BC – Cicero launches the first of his ''Philippicae'' (oratorical attacks) on Mark Antony. He will make 14 of the ...
– Indian Hungry generation poets, including Malay Roy Choudhury, are arrested on charges of conspiracy against the state and obscenity in literature.
* September 4 – The Forth Road Bridge opens over the Firth of Forth in Scotland.
* September 10 – The African Development Bank (AfDB) is founded.
* September 11 – In Jacksonville, Florida, during a tour of the United States, John Lennon announces that the Beatles will not play to a segregated audience.
* September 14
** The third period of the Second Vatican Council opens.
** The London ''Daily Herald (UK newspaper), Daily Herald'' ceases publication, replaced by ''The Sun (United Kingdom), The Sun''.
* September 18 – In Athens, King Constantine II of Greece marries Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark, who becomes Europe's youngest Queen at age 18 years, 19 days.
* September 21 – The island of Malta obtains independence from the United Kingdom.
* September 24 – The Warren Commission, the first official investigation of the assassination of United States President
John F. Kennedy
John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to by his initials JFK and the nickname Jack, was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination ...
, submits its written report.
* September 25 – The Mozambican War of Independence is launched by FRELIMO.
October
* October – Dr. Robert Moog demonstrates the prototype Moog synthesizer.
* October 1
** Three thousand student activists at the University of California, Berkeley, surround and block a police car from taking a Congress of Racial Equality, CORE volunteer arrested for not showing his ID, when he violated a ban on outdoor activist card tables. This protest eventually explodes into the Berkeley Free Speech Movement.
** The ''Shinkansen'' high-speed rail system, the world's first such system, is inaugurated in Japan, for the first sector between Tokyo and Osaka.
* October 5
** Twenty-three men and thirty-one women escape to West Berlin through a narrow tunnel under the Berlin Wall.
** Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, The Duke of Edinburgh begin an 8-day visit to Canada.
* October 10 – October 24, 24 – The 1964 Summer Olympics are held in Tokyo, Japan, the first in an Asian country.
* October 12 – The Soviet Union launches ''Voskhod 1'' into Earth orbit as the first spacecraft with a multi-person crew and the first flight without space suits. The flight is cut short and lands again on October 13 after 16 orbits.
* October 14 – American civil rights movement leader Martin Luther King Jr. becomes the youngest recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize, which is awarded to him for leading non-violent resistance to end racism, racial prejudice in the United States.
* October 14 – October 15, 15 –
Nikita Khrushchev
Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (– 11 September 1971) was the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 and chairman of the country's Council of Ministers from 1958 to 1964. During his rule, Khrushchev s ...
is deposed as leader of the Soviet Union; Leonid Brezhnev and Alexei Kosygin assume power.
* October 15
** The Labour Party (UK), Labour Party wins the parliamentary elections in the United Kingdom, ending 13 years of Conservative Party rule. The new prime minister is Harold Wilson.
* October 16
** Harold Wilson becomes British Prime Minister after leading the Labour Party (UK), Labour Party to a narrow 1964 United Kingdom general election, election win over the Conservative Party (UK), Conservative government of Alec Douglas-Home, Sir Alec Douglas-Home, which has been in power for 13 years and had four different leaders during that time.
** 596 (nuclear test): The People's Republic of China explodes an atomic bomb in Xinjiang, Sinkiang.
* October 22
** Canada: A Federal Multi-Party Parliamentary Committee selects a design to become the new official Flag of Canada.
** A 5.3 kiloton nuclear device is detonated at the Tatum Salt Dome, from Hattiesburg, Mississippi, as part of the Vela Uniform program. This test is the Salmon phase of the Atomic Energy Commission's Project Dribble.
* October 24 – Northern Rhodesia, a former British protectorate, becomes the independent Republic of Zambia, ending 73 years of British rule.
* October 26 – Eric Edgar Cooke becomes the last man executed in Western Australia, for murdering 8 citizens in Perth between 1959 and 1963.
* October 27 – In the
Democratic Republic of the Congo
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (french: République démocratique du Congo (RDC), colloquially "La RDC" ), informally Congo-Kinshasa, DR Congo, the DRC, the DROC, or the Congo, and formerly and also colloquially Zaire, is a country in ...
, rebel leader Christopher Gbenye takes 60 Americans and 800 Belgians hostage.
* October 29 – A collection of irreplaceable gemstones, including the Star of India (gem), Star of India, is stolen from the American Museum of Natural History in New York City.
November
* November 1 – Mortar fire from North Vietnamese forces rains on the Bien Hoa Air Base, killing four U.S. servicemen, wounding 72, and destroying five B-57 Canberra, B-57 jet bombers and other planes.
* November 3
** 1964 United States presidential election: Incumbent President Lyndon B. Johnson defeats
Republican
Republican can refer to:
Political ideology
* An advocate of a republic, a type of government that is not a monarchy or dictatorship, and is usually associated with the rule of law.
** Republicanism, the ideology in support of republics or agains ...
challenger Barry Goldwater with over 60 percent of the Direct election, popular vote.
** The Bolivian government of President Víctor Paz Estenssoro is overthrown by a military rebellion led by General Alfredo Ovando Candía, commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
* November 5 – Mariner program: ''Mariner 3'' spacecraft is launched from Cape Kennedy but fails.
* November 10 – Australia partially reintroduces compulsory military service due to the Indonesian Confrontation.
* November 19 – The United States Department of Defense announces the closing of 95 military bases and facilities, including Fort Jay, the Brooklyn Navy Yard and the Brooklyn Army Terminal.
* November 21
** Second Vatican Council: The third period of the Catholic Church's ecumenical council closes. ''Lumen gentium'', the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, is promulgated.
** The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge across New York Bay opens to traffic (the world's longest suspension bridge at this time).
* November 24 – Belgian paratroopers and mercenaries capture Stanleyville, but a number of hostages die in the fighting, among them American Evangelical Covenant Church missionary Dr. Paul Carlson.
* November 28
** Mariner program: NASA launches the Mariner 4 space probe from Cape Kennedy toward Mars to take television pictures of that planet in July 1965.
** Vietnam War: United States National Security Council members, including Robert McNamara, Dean Rusk, and Maxwell Taylor, agree to recommend a plan for a 2-stage escalation of bombing in North Vietnam, to President
Lyndon B. Johnson
Lyndon Baines Johnson (; August 27, 1908January 22, 1973), often referred to by his initials LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th president of the United States from 1963 to 1969. He had previously served as the 37th vice ...
.
** France performs an underground nuclear test at Ecker, Algeria.
December
* December 1 – Gustavo Díaz Ordaz takes office as President of Mexico.
* December 3
** Berkeley Free Speech Movement: Police arrest about 800 students at the University of California, Berkeley, following their takeover of and massive sit-in at the Sproul Hall administration building. The sit-in most directly protested the U.C. Regents' decision to punish student activists for what many thought had been justified civil disobedience earlier in the conflict.
** The Danish football club Brøndby IF is founded as a merger between the two local clubs Brøndbyøster Idrætsforening and Brøndbyvester Idrætsforening. The club wins the national championship Danish Superliga 10 times, and the Danish Cups six times, after joining the Danish top-flight football league in 1981.
* December 5 – Australian Senate election, 1964: The Liberal Party of Australia, Liberal/National Party of Australia, Country Coalition (Australia), Coalition Menzies Government (1949-66), Government led by Prime Minister of Australia, Prime Minister Robert Menzies hold their status quo, while the Australian Labor Party, Labor Party led by Arthur Calwell lose one seat to the Democratic Labor Party (historical), Democratic Labor Party, who hold the balance of power in the Australian Senate, Senate alongside independent Reg Turnbull.
* December 10 – Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in Oslo, Norway.
* December 11 – Che Guevara addresses the United Nations General Assembly. A bazooka attack is launched at the Headquarters of the United Nations in New York City.
* December 12 – Jamhuri Day: Kenya becomes a republic, with Jomo Kenyatta as its first President of Kenya, President.
* December 14 – ''Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States'' (379 US 241 1964): The U.S. Supreme Court rules that, in accordance with the Civil Rights Act of 1964, establishments providing public accommodation must refrain from racial discrimination.
* December 18 – The Christmas flood of 1964 begins in the United States, affecting the Pacific Northwest and some of Northern California. It will continue until January 7, resulting in 19 deaths, serious damage to buildings, roads and bridges, and the loss of 4,000 head of livestock.
* December 21 – The General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark supersonic attack aircraft, developed for the U.S. Air Force, makes its first flight, at Carswell Air Force Base, Texas.
* December 22
** A cyclone in the Palk Strait destroys the Indian town of Dhanushkodi, killing 1800 people.
** The Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird makes its first flight at Palmdale, California.
* December 23 – Wonderful Radio London becomes the United Kingdom's fourth "Pirate" radio station, broadcasting from MV ''Galaxy'' (a former US Navy minesweeper) anchored off the east coast of England, with an American-style Top 40 ("Fab 40") playlist of popular records.
* December 24 – 1964 Brinks Hotel bombing, The Brinks Hotel in Saigon, Vietnam, is bombed by the
Viet Cong
,
, war = the Vietnam War
, image = FNL Flag.svg
, caption = The flag of the Viet Cong, adopted in 1960, is a variation on the flag of North Vietnam. Sometimes the lower stripe was green.
, active ...
, resulting in the deaths of two US soldiers and injuries to a further 60 people, including civilians.
* December 30 – The
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) is an intergovernmental organization within the United Nations Secretariat that promotes the interests of developing countries in world trade. It was established in 1964 by the ...
(UNCTAD) is established as a permanent organ of the UN General Assembly.
Date unknown
* Spring – First recognition of cosmic microwave background radiation as a detectable phenomenon.
* Jerome Horwitz synthesizes zidovudine (AZT), an antiviral drug which will later be used in treating HIV.
* Farrington Daniels becomes an early advocate of solar energy in his book ''Direct Use of the Sun's Energy'', published by Yale University Press in the United States.
* Rudi Gernreich designs the original monokini topless swimsuit in the U.S.
* The Vishva Hindu Pariṣad is founded in India.
Births
January
*
January 1
January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...
– Moussa Dadis Camara, Guinean general and 3rd President of Guinea
* January 2 – Pernell Whitaker, American boxer (died 2019)
* January 4
** Alexandre Fadeev, Soviet figure skater
** Dot-Marie Jones, American actress and retired athlete (competed as Dot Jones)
*
January 5
Events Pre-1600
*1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France.
1601–1900
* 1675 – Battle of Colmar: The French a ...
– Miguel Ángel Jiménez, Spanish golfer
* January 6
** Henry Maske, German boxer
** Anthony Scaramucci, American financier, entrepreneur, and political figure
* January 7 – Nicolas Cage, American actor
*
January 12
Events Pre-1600
* 475 – Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus gains control of the empire.
* 1528 – Gustav I of Sweden is crowned King of Sweden, having already rei ...
– Jeff Bezos, American Internet entrepreneur
* January 13 – Penelope Ann Miller, American actress
* January 17 – Michelle Obama, American attorney and author, former First Lady of the United States
* January 20
** Koko Pimentel, Filipino politician, 28th President of the Senate of the Philippines
*
January 23
Events Pre-1600
* 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor.
* 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao.
*1264 & ...
– Mariska Hargitay, American actress
* January 27 – Bridget Fonda, American actress
* January 31 – Jeff Hanneman, American rock guitarist (Slayer) (died 2013)
February
* February 1 – Eli Ohana, Israeli football player and club chairman
* February 5
** Laura Linney, American actress
** Duff McKagan, American rock musician and songwriter
*
February 10
Events Pre-1600
* 1258 – Mongol invasions: Baghdad falls to the Mongols, bringing the Islamic Golden Age to an end.
* 1306 – In front of the high altar of Greyfriars Church in Dumfries, Robert the Bruce murders John Comyn, spar ...
– Francesca Neri, Italian actress
* February 11
** Sarah Palin, American politician, former Governor of Alaska
** Ken Shamrock, American mixed martial arts fighter
* February 15 − Chris Farley, American actor and comedian (died 1997)
* February 16
** Bebeto, Brazilian footballer
** Christopher Eccleston, British actor
** Valentina Yegorova, Russian distance runner
* February 18 − Matt Dillon, American actor and film director
* February 19 − Jennifer Doudna, American biochemist
* February 28 – Djamolidine Abdoujaparov, Uzbekistan cyclist
March
* March 7
** Bret Easton Ellis, American author
** Vladimir Smirnov (skier), Vladimir Smirnov, Kazakh cross-country skier
** Wanda Sykes, African-American comedian and actress
*
March 9
Events Pre-1600
* 141 BC – Liu Che, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China.
* 1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg.
* 1226 &nda ...
– Juliette Binoche, French actress
*
March 10
Events Pre-1600
* 241 BC – First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates: The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing the First Punic War to an end.
* 298 – Roman Emperor Maximian concludes his campaign in North Africa and makes a ...
** Edith Lucie Bongo, First Lady of Gabon (died 2009)
** Neneh Cherry, Swedish-born singer-songwriter
** Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex, British prince and third son (youngest child) of Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, The Duke of Edinburgh
* March 16
** Pascal Richard, Swiss road bicycle racer
** Gore Verbinski, American film director
* March 17 – Rob Lowe, American actor
*
March 18
Events Pre-1600
* 37 – Roman Senate annuls Tiberius' will and proclaims Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ''(aka Caligula = Little Boots)'' emperor.Tacitus, ''Annals'' V.10.
* 1068 – An earthquake in the Levant and the Ara ...
** Bonnie Blair, American speed skater
* March 24 – Liz McColgan, British long-distance runner athlete
* March 30
** Vera Zimmermann, Brazilian actress
** Tracy Chapman, African-American singer
** Ian Ziering, American actor
April
*
April 1
Events Pre-1600
* 33 – According to one historian's account, Jesus Christ's Last Supper is held.
* 527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne.
*1081 – Alexios I Ko ...
– Erik Breukink, Dutch cyclist and manager
* April 3
** Bjarne Riis, Danish cyclist
** Yelena Ruzina, Russian Olympic athlete
* April 4 – David Cross, American actor and comedian
* April 6 – David Woodard, American businessman
*
April 7
Events Pre-1600
* 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town.
* 529 – First ''Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Empe ...
– Russell Crowe, New Zealand-born actor
* April 10 – Hiroshi Tsuburaya, Japanese actor (died 2001)
* April 14 – Jim Grabb, American tennis player
*
April 16
Events Pre-1600
* 1457 BC – Battle of Megido - the first battle to have been recorded in what is accepted as relatively reliable detail.
* 69 – Defeated by Vitellius' troops at Bedriacum, Otho commits suicide.
* 73 – Masad ...
– Esbjörn Svensson Swedish jazz pianist (d. 2008)
* April 17
**Maynard James Keenan, American rock musician (Tool (band), Tool
** Rachel Notley, Canadian politician, Premier of Alberta 2015–2019
*
April 20
Events Pre-1600
* 1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII.
1601–1900
*1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves England's Rump Parliament.
*1657 – English Admiral Robert Blake destroys ...
**John Carney (American football), John Carney, American football player
** Crispin Glover, American actor
** Andy Serkis, English actor
* April 21
** Ludmila Engquist, Russian-born Swedish hurdler
** Ahmed Radhi, Iraqi footballer (d. 2020)
* April 24 – Djimon Hounsou, Beninese actor and model
*
April 25
Events Pre-1600
*404 BC – Admiral Lysander and King Pausanias of Sparta blockade Athens and bring the Peloponnesian War to a successful conclusion.
* 775 – The Battle of Bagrevand puts an end to an Armenian rebellion against the ...
– Hank Azaria, American actor, voice artist and comedian
* April 28 – L'Wren Scott, American fashion designer (d. 2014)
* April 29 – Federico Castelluccio, Italian-born actor
* April 30
** Abhishek Chatterjee, Indian actor
** Tony Fernandes, Malaysian entrepreneur and businessman
May
*
May 1
Events Pre-1600
* 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor.
* 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches.
*1169 – N ...
– Yvonne van Gennip, Dutch speed-skater
* May 5
** Heike Henkel, German Olympic athlete
** Minami Takayama, Japanese voice actress and singer (Two-Mix and DoCo (pop group), DoCo)
* May 8 – Melissa Gilbert, American actress and president of the Screen Actors Guild
* May 13 – Stephen Colbert, American comedian, political commentator, and television personality; host of ''The Late Show with Stephen Colbert''
* May 19 – Samuel Okwaraji, Nigerian footballer (died 1989)
* May 20 – Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer, British aristocrat, author, print journalist and broadcaster. Younger brother of Diana, Princess of Wales.
* May 21 – Rui Maria de Araújo, East Timorese politician
*
May 23
Events Pre-1600
* 1430 – Joan of Arc is captured at the Siege of Compiègne by troops from the Burgundian faction.
*1498 – Girolamo Savonarola is burned at the stake in Florence, Italy.
* 1533 – The marriage of King Henry VI ...
– Ruth Metzler-Arnold, member of the Swiss Federal Council
* May 24 – Adrian Moorhouse, British swimmer
* May 25 – Ray Stevenson, Northern Irish-born actor
* May 26 – Lenny Kravitz, American singer, songwriter, and actor
*
May 28
Events Pre-1600
*585 BC – A solar eclipse occurs, as predicted by the Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Cyaxares in the Battle of the Eclipse, leading to a truce. This is one of the cardinal dates from ...
– Jeff Fenech, Australian boxer
*
May 29
Events Pre-1600
* 363 – The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sasanian army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sasanian capital, but is unable to take the city.
* 1108 – Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops under ...
– Arumugam Thondaman, Sri Lankan politician (died 2020)
* May 30 – Tom Morello, American musician and political activist (Rage Against the Machine, Audioslave, Prophets of Rage)
June
*
June 3
Events Pre-1600
* 350 – The Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman emperor, entering Rome at the head of a group of gladiators.
* 713 – The Byzantine emperor Philippicus is blinded, depos ...
– James Purefoy, British actor
* June 7 – Gia Carides, Greek-Australian actress
* June 9 – Gloria Reuben, Canadian-American actress
*June 10
** Ben Daniels, English actor
** Vincent Perez, Swiss actor, director and photographer
* June 13
** Kathy Burke, English actress and comedian
** Šarūnas Marčiulionis, Lithuanian basketball player
* June 15
** Courteney Cox, American actress
** Michael Laudrup, Danish footballer and manager
* June 17 – Michael Gross (swimmer), Michael Gross, German swimmer
* June 18 – Uday Hussein, Iraqi Army commander (d. 2003)
*
June 19
Events Pre-1600
* 325 – The original Nicene Creed is adopted at the First Council of Nicaea.
*1179 – The Battle of Kalvskinnet takes place outside Nidaros (now Trondheim), Norway. Earl Erling Skakke is killed, and the battle chan ...
– Boris Johnson, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 2019-2022
* June 20 – Ethella Chupryk, Ukrainian pianist (d. 2019)
* June 21
** Dean Saunders, Welsh football manager and former professional footballer
** Kiyoshi Okuma, Japanese football player and manager
* June 22
** Dan Brown, American author
** Miroslav Kadlec, Czech football defender
** Nico Jalink, Dutch footballer and football manager
* June 23
** Astrid Carolina Herrera, Venezuelan actress
** Joss Whedon, American screenwriter
* June 24 – Günther Mader, Austrian alpine ski racer
* June 25 – Johnny Herbert, English racing driver
*
June 26
Events Pre-1600
* 4 – Augustus adopts Tiberius.
* 221 – Roman emperor Elagabalus adopts his cousin Alexander Severus as his heir and receives the title of Caesar.
* 363 – Roman emperor Julian is killed during the retreat fr ...
– Tommi Mäkinen, Finnish rally driver
* June 30 – Alexandra, Countess of Frederiksborg, Danish aristocrat
July
* July 1
** Yu Long, Chinese conductor
** Bernard Laporte, French rugby player and coach
** Loli Sánchez, Spanish basketball player
** Chie Satō, Japanese voice actress
* July 2 – Jose Canseco, Jose and Ozzie Canseco, Cuban-born American baseball players; twin brothers
* July 3
** Joanne Harris, English novelist
** Aleksei Serebryakov (actor), Aleksei Serebryakov, Russian-Canadian actor
** Yeardley Smith, American actress, voice actress, comedian, writer and artist
* July 4 – Edi Rama, 33rd Prime Minister of Albania
* July 5 – Stephen H. Scott, Canadian neuroscientist and engineer
*
July 6
Events Pre-1600
* 371 BC – The Battle of Leuctra shatters Sparta's reputation of military invincibility.
* 640 – Battle of Heliopolis: The Muslim Arab army under 'Amr ibn al-'As defeat the Byzantine forces near Heliopolis (Egypt ...
– Kim Jee-woon, South Korean film director and screenwriter
* July 9 – Courtney Love, American musician/actress
* July 11 – Goran Radaković, Serbian actor
* July 13 – Pascal Hervé, French road racing cyclist
* July 15
** Tetsuji Hashiratani, Japanese football player and manager
** Tengku Zulpuri Shah Raja Puji, Malaysian politician
* July 16 – Miguel Indurain, Spanish cyclist
*
July 18
Events Pre-1600
* 477 BC – Battle of the Cremera as part of the Roman–Etruscan Wars. Veii ambushes and defeats the Roman army.
* 387 BC – Roman- Gaulish Wars: Battle of the Allia: A Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, l ...
– Wendy Williams, African-American talk show host
*
July 19
Events Pre-1600
*AD 64 – The Great Fire of Rome causes widespread devastation and rages on for six days, destroying half of the city.
* 484 – Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned Eastern emperor at Tarsus (modern Turkey). He is ...
** Teresa Edwards, American basketball player
** Miyeegombyn Enkhbold, Mongolian politician
*
July 20
Events Pre-1600
* 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus, son of emperor Vespasian, storms the Fortress of Antonia north of the Temple Mount. The Roman army is drawn into street fights with the Zealots.
* 792 – Kardam of Bulgaria defea ...
** Chris Cornell, American singer (Soundgarden, Audioslave, Temple of the Dog) (died 2017)
** Deon Lotz, South African actor
*
July 24
Events Pre-1600
*1132 – Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily.
* 1148 – Louis VII of France lays siege to Damascus during the Second Crusade.
*1304 – Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirl ...
** Barry Bonds, African-American baseball player
** Pedro Passos Coelho, 118th Prime Minister of Portugal
* July 26
** Sandra Bullock, American actress and film producer
** Anne Provoost, Belgian author
* July 28 – Lori Loughlin, American actress
* July 30
** Vivica A. Fox, American actress
** Jürgen Klinsmann, German football player and manager
* July 31 – C.C. Catch, Dutch-born German singer
August
* August 2 – Mary-Louise Parker, American actress
* August 3
** Lucky Dube, South African reggae musician (died 2007)
** Abhisit Vejjajiva, 27th Prime Minister of Thailand
*
August 8
Events Pre-1600
* 685 BC – Spring and Autumn period: Battle of Qianshi: Upon the death of the previous Duke of Qi, Gongsun Wuzhi, Duke Zhuang of Lu sends an army into the Duchy of Qi to install the exiled Qi prince Gongzi Jiu as the ...
– Giuseppe Conte, Italian Prime Minister
* August 15 – Melinda Gates, American philanthropist
*
August 22
Events Pre-1600
* 392 – Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor.
* 851 – Battle of Jengland: Erispoe defeats Charles the Bald near the Breton town of Jengland.
*1138 – Battle of the Standard between Scotland a ...
– Mats Wilander, Swedish tennis player
*
August 24
Events Pre-1600
* 367 – Gratian, son of Roman Emperor Valentinian I, is named co-Augustus at the age of eight by his father.
* 394 – The Graffito of Esmet-Akhom, the latest known inscription in Egyptian hieroglyphs, is written. ...
– Salizhan Sharipov, Russian cosmonaut and astronaut
* August 25
** Maxim Kontsevich, Russian mathematician
** Azmin Ali, Malaysian politician
* August 26 – Torsten Schmitz, German boxer
September
*
September 2
Events
Pre-1600
* 44 BC – Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion.
* 44 BC – Cicero launches the first of his ''Philippicae'' (oratorical attacks) on Mark Antony. He will make 14 of the ...
– Keanu Reeves, Canadian actor and musician
* September 6 – Rosie Perez, American actress and comedian
* September 7
** Eazy-E, American rapper and record producer (d. 1995)
** Andy Hug, Swiss Seidokaikan karateka and kickboxer (died 2000)
* September 10
** Jack Ma, Chinese business magnate and billionaire internet entrepreneur
** Yegor Letov, Russian singer (died 2008)
* September 13 – Simegnew Bekele, Ethiopian engineer and public administrator (died 2018)
* September 15 – Robert Fico, Prime Minister of Slovakia
* September 16 – Molly Shannon, American actress
* September 19
** Yvonne Vera, Zimbabwean actress (died 2005)
** Trisha Yearwood, American country singer
* September 20 – Maggie Cheung, Hong Kong actress
* September 21 – Jorge Drexler, Uruguayan musician
* September 23
** Josefa Idem, German-born Italian kayaker
** Koshi Inaba, Japanese singer (B'z)
* September 25
** Kikuko Inoue, Japanese singer and voice actress
** Carlos Ruiz Zafón, Spanish novelist (died 2020)
* September 28 – Janeane Garofalo, American actress and comedian
* September 30 – Monica Bellucci, Italian actress and model
October
* October 2 – Makharbek Khadartsev, Russian free-style wrestler
* October 3 – Clive Owen, English actor
* October 4 – Yvonne Murray, Scottish athlete
* October 6 – Tom Jager, American swimmer
* October 9
** Guillermo del Toro, Mexican film director
** Martín Jaite, Argentine tennis player
* October 10 – Maxi Gnauck, German gymnast
* October 20 – Kamala Harris, American politician, 49th Vice President of the United States
* October 22
** Dražen Petrović, Croatian basketball player (died 1993)
** Paul McStay, Scottish footballer
* October 24 – Rosana Arbelo, Spanish singer and composer
* October 25
** Nicole Seibert, German singer, Eurovision Song Contest 1982 winner
** Andreas Münzer, Austrian bodybuilder (died 1996)
* October 30 - Tabitha St. Germain, Canadian voice actress and singer
* October 31 – Marco van Basten, Dutch footballer and manager
November
* November 3 – Paprika Steen, Danish actress
* November 10 – Magnús Scheving, Icelandic producer
* November 11 – Calista Flockhart, American actress
* November 12
** David Ellefson, American rock bassist (Megadeth)
** Michael Kremer, American development economist, recipient of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences
** Barbara Stühlmeyer, German musicologist, church musician and writer
* November 13 – Tzufit Grant, Israeli actress
* November 16
** Diana Krall, Canadian jazz pianist and singer
** Valeria Bruni Tedeschi, Italian-French actress
* November 19 – Phil Hughes (footballer born 1964), Phil Hughes, Irish footballer and coach
* November 20 – Doug Ford, 26th Premier of Ontario
* November 22 – Apetor, Norwegian YouTuber (d. 2021)
* November 23 – Erika Buenfil, Mexican actress and singer
* November 24 – Conleth Hill, Irish actor
* November 26 – Vreni Schneider, Swiss alpine skier
* November 27 – Ronit Elkabetz, Israeli actress, writer and filmmaker (died 2016)
* November 28
** Giorgi Bagaturov, Georgian-Armenian chess grandmaster
** Oscar Muñoz (wrestler), Oscar Muñoz, Colombian wrestler
* November 29 – Don Cheadle, African-American actor
December
* December 1 – Salvatore Schillaci, Italian footballer
* December 4
** Sertab Erener, Turkish singer-songwriter, Eurovision Song Contest 2003 winner
** Marisa Tomei, American actress
* December 7 – Hugo Blick, British filmmaker and actor
* December 8 – Teri Hatcher, American actress, writer, presenter and singer
* December 9 – Paul Landers, German rock musician (Rammstein)
* December 10 – Edith González, Mexican actress (died 2019)
* December 13 – Hide (musician), Hide, Japanese musician (died 1998)
* December 16 – Heike Drechsler, German track-and-field athlete
* December 18
** Stone Cold Steve Austin, American professional wrestler and actor
** Pierre Nkurunziza, 8th President of Burundi (died 2020)
* December 19 – Arvydas Sabonis, Lithuanian basketball player
* December 23 – Eddie Vedder, American rock singer (Pearl Jam)
Deaths
January
* January 4 – Andreas Hermes, German agricultural scientist and politician (born 1878)
* January 8 – Julius Raab, Austrian politician, 14th Chancellor of Austria (born 1891)
* January 9 – Halide Edib Adıvar, Turkish novelist (born 1884)
*
January 11
Events Pre-1600
* 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence.
* 630 – Conquest of Mecca: The prophet Muha ...
– Bechara El Khoury, 2nd Prime Minister of Lebanon and 6th President of Lebanon (born 1890)
* January 15
** Tawfiq Canaan, Palestinian doctor (born 1882)
** Jack Teagarden, American jazz trombonist (born 1905)
* January 19 – Joe Weatherly, NASCAR championship driver (born 1922)
* January 21
** Joseph Baumgartner, German politician (born 1904)
** Joseph Schildkraut, Austrian actor (born 1896)
* January 22
** Lissy Arna, German actress (born 1900)
** Marc Blitzstein, American composer (born 1905)
*
January 23
Events Pre-1600
* 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor.
* 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao.
*1264 & ...
** Benedetta Bianchi Porro, Italian Roman Catholic laywoman and venerable (born 1936)
** Lucila Gamero de Medina, Honduranian novelist (born 1873)
* January 27 – Waite Phillips, American businessman, philanthropist (born 1883)
*
January 29
Events
Pre-1600
* 904 – Sergius III is elected pope, after coming out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher.
* 946 – Caliph Al-Mustakfi is blinded and deposed by Emir Mu'izz al-Dawla, rul ...
** Adolfo Diaz, Adolfo Diaz Recinos, 2-time President of Nicaragua (born 1875)
** Alan Ladd, American actor (born 1913)
* January 31
** Louis Allen, American civil rights activist and businessman (born 1919)
** Kanysh Satbayev, Kazakh academician and geologist (born 1899)
February
* February 3
** Infante Alfonso, Duke of Calabria (born 1901)
** Giuseppe Amato, Italian producer, director and screenwriter (born 1899)
* February 5 – Matilde Moisant, American pilot (born 1878)
* February 6 – Emilio Aguinaldo, Filipino general and 1st President of the Philippines (born 1869)
* February 7 – Sofoklis Venizelos, Greek politician, three-time Prime Minister of Greece (born 1894)
* February 8 – Ernst Kretschmer, German psychiatrist (born 1888)
*
February 10
Events Pre-1600
* 1258 – Mongol invasions: Baghdad falls to the Mongols, bringing the Islamic Golden Age to an end.
* 1306 – In front of the high altar of Greyfriars Church in Dumfries, Robert the Bruce murders John Comyn, spar ...
– Eugen Sänger, Austrian aerospace engineer (born 1905)
* February 12 – Gerald Gardner, English polymath, founder of Wiccan religion (born 1884)
* February 13 – Paulino Alcántara, Filipino-Spanish footballer (born 1896)
* February 15
**Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange, French theologian (born 1877)
** Robert L. Thornton, American businessman, philanthropist and mayor of Dallas, Texas (born 1880)
* February 18 – Joseph-Armand Bombardier, Canadian inventor of the snowmobile and founder of Bombardier Inc. (born 1907)
* February 25
** Alexander Archipenko, Ukrainian-American sculptor (born 1887)
** Johnny Burke (lyricist), Johnny Burke, American lyricist (born 1908)
** Mariano Jesús Cuenco, Filipino politician and writer (born 1888)
** Grace Metalious, American writer (born 1924)
* February 27 – Orry-Kelly, Australian-born costume designer (born 1897)
March
*
March 6
Events Pre-1600
* 12 BCE – The Roman emperor Augustus is named Pontifex Maximus, incorporating the position into that of the emperor.
* 632 – The Farewell Sermon (Khutbah, Khutbatul Wada') of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
* 845 & ...
** Paul of Greece, King of Greece (born 1901)
** Edward Van Sloan, American actor (born 1882)
*
March 9
Events Pre-1600
* 141 BC – Liu Che, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China.
* 1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg.
* 1226 &nda ...
– Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, German general (born 1870)
* March 12 – Abbās al-Aqqād, Egyptian journalist (born 1889)
*
March 18
Events Pre-1600
* 37 – Roman Senate annuls Tiberius' will and proclaims Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ''(aka Caligula = Little Boots)'' emperor.Tacitus, ''Annals'' V.10.
* 1068 – An earthquake in the Levant and the Ara ...
** Sigfrid Edström, Swedish industrialist, 4th President of the International Olympic Committee (born 1870)
** Norbert Wiener, American mathematician (born 1894)
*
March 19
Events Pre-1600
* 1277 – The Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1277 is concluded, stipulating a two-year truce and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the Byzantine Empire.
* 1279 – A Mongol victory at the Battle of Yamen en ...
– Leo Maximilian Baginski, German entrepreneur (born 1891)
*
March 20
Events Pre-1600
* 673 – Emperor Tenmu of Japan assumes the Chrysanthemum Throne at the Palace of Kiyomihara in Asuka.
* 1206 – Michael IV Autoreianos is appointed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.
* 1600 – The Link ...
– Brendan Behan, Irish poet and writer (born 1923)
* March 23 – Peter Lorre, Hungarian-born actor (born 1904)
* March 25 – Alfredo Bigatti, Argentine sculptor (born 1898)
* March 30 – Birinchi Kumar Barua, Indian folklorist (born 1890)
April
*
April 1
Events Pre-1600
* 33 – According to one historian's account, Jesus Christ's Last Supper is held.
* 527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne.
*1081 – Alexios I Ko ...
– Božidar Kunc, Yugoslav composer (born 1903)
* April 3 – Franz Joseph, Prince of Hohenzollern-Emden (born 1891)
* April 4 – Georgia Caine, American actress (born 1876)
* April 5 – Douglas MacArthur, U.S. Army general, Supreme Allied Commander in Japan after World War II (born 1880)
* April 6 – Jigme Palden Dorji, 1st Prime Minister of Bhutan (born 1919; assassinated)
*
April 7
Events Pre-1600
* 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town.
* 529 – First ''Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Empe ...
– Bruce W. Klunder, American Presbyterian minister and civil rights activist (born 1937)
* April 13 – Veit Harlan, German film director (born 1899)
* April 14
** Tatyana Afanasyeva, Soviet mathematician and physicist (born 1876)
** Rachel Carson, American biologist and environmental writer (born 1907)
* April 18
** Fumio Asakura, Japanese sculptor (born 1883)
** Ben Hecht, American screenwriter (born 1894)
*
April 20
Events Pre-1600
* 1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII.
1601–1900
*1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves England's Rump Parliament.
*1657 – English Admiral Robert Blake destroys ...
** Dimitar Ganev, Bulgarian communist politician, head of the State (born 1890)
** August Sander, German photographer (born 1876)
* April 24 – Gerhard Domagk, German bacteriologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (declined) (born 1895)
*
April 26
Events Pre-1600
* 1336 – Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) ascends Mont Ventoux.
*1348 – Czech king Karel IV founds the Charles University in Prague, which was later named after him and was the first university in Central Europe.
* 1 ...
– E. J. Pratt, Canadian poet (born 1882)
* April 29 – Wenceslao Fernández Flórez, Spanish journalist and novelist (born 1885)
May
*
May 2
Events Pre-1600
* 1194 – King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
*1230 – William de Braose is hanged by Prince Llywelyn the Great.
* 1536 – Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, is arrested and imprison ...
– Nancy Astor, Viscountess Astor, American-born British politician (born 1879)
* May 5 – Tadao Ikeda, Japanese director and screenwriter (born 1905)
* May 6 – José Maza Fernández, Chilean politician, lawyer and diplomat (born 1889)
* May 8 – Kichisaburō Nomura, Japanese admiral and diplomat (born 1877)
* May 10 – Carol Haney, American dancer and actress (born 1924)
* May 13 – Diana Wynyard, English actress (born 1906)
* May 17 – Steve Owen (American football), Steve Owen, American football coach (New York Giants) and a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame (born 1898)
* May 20 – Rudy Lewis, American rhythm and blues singer (born 1936)
* May 21 – James Franck, German-born physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1882)
* May 26 – Ruben Oskar Auervaara, Finnish fraudster (born 1906)Soukola, Timo: "Auervaara, Ruben Oskar (1906–1964)", Suomen kansallisbiografia, volume 1, pp 443–444. Helsinki: Finnish Literature Society, 2003. Online version
* May 27 – Jawaharlal Nehru, Indian politician, 1st Prime Minister of India (born 1889)
* May 30
** Dave MacDonald, American sports car driver (born 1936)
** Eddie Sachs, American auto racing driver (born 1927)
** Leó Szilárd, Hungarian-born American physicist (born 1898)
June
*
June 3
Events Pre-1600
* 350 – The Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman emperor, entering Rome at the head of a group of gladiators.
* 713 – The Byzantine emperor Philippicus is blinded, depos ...
** Raoul Magrin-Vernerey, French army officer (born 1892)
** Frans Eemil Sillanpää, Finnish writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1888)
* June 6
** Vasile Atanasiu, Romanian general (born 1886)
** Prince Hermann of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1886–1964), Prince Hermann of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (born 1886)
** Robert Warwick, American actor (born 1878)
* June 7
** Violet Attlee, Countess Attlee, wife of former British PM Clement Attlee (born 1895)
** Charlie Llewellyn, first non-white South African Test cricketer (born 1876)
* June 8 – Carlos Quintanilla , 37th President of Bolivia (born 1888)
* June 9 – Max Aitken, 1st Baron Beaverbrook, Canadian-born British newspaper publisher and politician (born 1879)
*
June 11
Events Pre-1600
* 173 – Marcomannic Wars: The Roman army in Moravia is encircled by the Quadi, who have broken the peace treaty (171). In a violent thunderstorm emperor Marcus Aurelius defeats and subdues them in the so-called "miracle ...
** Catharine Carter Critcher, American painter (born 1868)
** John Eke, Swedish Olympic athlete (born 1886)
** Plaek Phibunsongkhram, Thai field marshal and 3rd Prime Minister of Thailand (born 1897)
* June 18 – Giorgio Morandi, Italian painter (born 1890)
* June 24 – Stuart Davis (painter), Stuart Davis, American painter (born 1892)
* June 25 – Gerrit Rietveld, Dutch architect (born 1888)
* June 27
** Salvatore Aldisio, Italian politician (born 1890)
** Mona Barrie, English actress (born 1909)
* June 29 – Eric Dolphy, American saxophonist (born 1928)
July
* July 1 – Pierre Monteux, French conductor (born 1875)
* July 2 – Fireball Roberts, American race car driver and a member of the NASCAR Hall of Fame (born 1929)
*
July 6
Events Pre-1600
* 371 BC – The Battle of Leuctra shatters Sparta's reputation of military invincibility.
* 640 – Battle of Heliopolis: The Muslim Arab army under 'Amr ibn al-'As defeat the Byzantine forces near Heliopolis (Egypt ...
– Zeng Junchen, Sichuan's 'King of Opium' (born 1888)
* July 7 – Lillian Copeland, American athlete (born 1904)
* July 11 – Maurice Thorez, leader of the French Communist Party (born 1900)
* July 13 – Stephen Galatti, Director of American Field Service, AFS, American Field Service (born 1888)
* July 14 – Prince Axel of Denmark (born 1888)
* July 15 – Luis Batlle Berres, Uruguayan political figure, 30th President of Uruguay (born 1897)
* July 16 – Alfred Junge, German-born art director (born 1886)
*
July 21
Events Pre-1600
* 356 BC – The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is destroyed by arson.
* 230 – Pope Pontian succeeds Urban I as the eighteenth pope. After being exiled to Sardinia, he became t ...
– Jean Fautrier, French painter and sculptor (born 1898)
*
July 22
Events Pre-1600
* 838 – Battle of Anzen: The Byzantine emperor Theophilos suffers a heavy defeat by the Abbasids.
*1099 – First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of J ...
** Leonid Baratov, Soviet director (born 1895)
** Gildo Bocci, Italian actor (born 1886)
* July 23 – Thakin Kodaw Hmaing, Burmese poet and politician (born 1876)
* July 25 – John Latham (judge), Sir John Latham, Australian judge and politician (born 1877)
* July 26 – William A. Seiter, American film director (born 1890)
* July 31 – Jim Reeves, American country singer (born 1923)
August
* August 3 – Flannery O'Connor, American writer (born 1925)
* August 6 – Sir Cedric Hardwicke, English actor (born 1893)
*
August 7
Events Pre-1600
* 461 – Roman Emperor Majorian is beheaded near the river Iria in north-west Italy following his arrest and deposition by the ''magister militum'' Ricimer.
* 626 – The Avar and Slav armies leave the siege of Co ...
** Salima Machamba, List of sultans on the Comoros, Sultan of Mohéli (born 1874)
** Aleksander Zawadzki, Polish politician, 12th President of Poland (born 1899)
* August 9 – Fontaine Fox, American cartoonist (born 1884)
* August 11 – André Aymard, French historian (born 1900)
* August 12
** Isidro Fabela, Mexican judge and politician (born 1882)
** Ian Fleming, British writer (born 1908)
** Dmitry Dmitrievich Maksutov, Soviet astronomer and inventor (born 1896)
*
August 13
Events Pre-1600
*29 BC – Octavian holds the first of three consecutive triumphs in Rome to celebrate the victory over the Dalmatian tribes.
* 523 – John I becomes the new Pope after the death of Pope Hormisdas.
* 554 – Emp ...
– Mushtaq Hussain Khan, Indian musician (born 1878)
* August 14 – Johnny Burnette, American singer (born 1934)
*
August 18
Events Pre-1600
* 684 – Battle of Marj Rahit: Umayyad partisans defeat the supporters of Ibn al-Zubayr and cement Umayyad control of Syria.
* 707 – Princess Abe accedes to the imperial Japanese throne as Empress Genmei.
*1304 & ...
– Mohammad Gul Khan Momand, Afghani politician (born 1885)
*
August 20
Events Pre-1600
* AD 14 – Agrippa Postumus, maternal grandson of the late Roman emperor Augustus, is mysteriously executed by his guards while in exile.
* 636 – Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take con ...
– Anthony de Francisci, Italian-born American sculptor (born 1887)
* August 21 – Palmiro Togliatti, leader of the Italian Communist Party (born 1893)
*
August 22
Events Pre-1600
* 392 – Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor.
* 851 – Battle of Jengland: Erispoe defeats Charles the Bald near the Breton town of Jengland.
*1138 – Battle of the Standard between Scotland a ...
– Symeon Lukach, Soviet Eastern Catholic bishop, martyr and blessed (born 1893)
* August 23 – Estella Canziani, British painter (born 1887)
*
August 27
Events Pre-1600
* 410 – The sacking of Rome by the Visigoths ends after three days.
* 1172 – Henry the Young King and Margaret of France are crowned junior king and queen of England.
*1232 – Shikken Hojo Yasutoki of the K ...
– Gracie Allen, American actress and comedian, known as part of the comedy duo ''Burns and Allen'' (born 1895)
*
August 28
Events Pre-1600
* 475 – The Roman general Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his capital city, Ravenna.
* 489 – Theodoric, king of the Ostrogoths, defeats Odoacer at the Battle of Isonzo, forcing his way ...
– Lumsden Hare, Irish-born actor, theatre director, and theatre producer
* August 30 – Aleksei Aleksandrovich Grechkin, Soviet commander (born 1893)
* August 31 – Peter Lanyon, British painter (born 1918)
September
*
September 2
Events
Pre-1600
* 44 BC – Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion.
* 44 BC – Cicero launches the first of his ''Philippicae'' (oratorical attacks) on Mark Antony. He will make 14 of the ...
** Glenn Albert Black, American archaeologist (born 1900)
** Francisco Craveiro Lopes, Portuguese military officer and politician, 12th President of Portugal (born 1894)
** Alvin C. York, Alvin Cullum York, American hero of World War I (born 1887)
* September 9
** Sir George Abercromby, 8th Baronet, British baronet (born 1886)
** Herschel Bennett, American baseball player of St. Louis Browns (born 1896)
* September 15 – Herbert Heywood (actor), Herbert Heywood, American actor (born 1881)
* September 17 – Clive Bell, English art critic (born 1881)
* September 18 – Seán O'Casey, Irish writer (born 1880)
* September 21 – Otto Grotewohl, East German Communist politician, 1st Leadership of East Germany, Prime Minister of the German Democratic Republic (born 1894)
* September 23 – Fred M. Wilcox (director), Fred M. Wilcox, American film director (born 1907)
* September 28
** Nacio Herb Brown, American songwriter (born 1896)
** Harpo Marx, American comedian, actor, mime artist, and musician (born 1888)
* September 29 – Fred Tootell, American Olympic athlete (born 1902)
October
* October 1 – Ernst Toch, Austrian composer (born 1887)
* October 10 – Eddie Cantor, American actor, comedian and dancer (born 1892)
* October 15 – Cole Porter, American composer and lyricist (born 1891)
* October 19 – Russ Brown (actor), Russ Brown, American actor (born 1892)
* October 20 – Herbert Hoover, American politician, 31st
President of the United States
The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States ...
(born 1874)
* October 21 – Margaret Gibson (actress), Margaret Gibson, American actress (born 1894)
* October 22
** Khawaja Nazimuddin, Pakistani political figure, 2nd Prime Minister of Pakistan (born 1894)
** Whip Wilson, American actor (born 1911)
* October 25 – Joe Henderson (gospel singer), Joe Henderson, American rhythm and blues and gospel music singer (born 1937)
* October 26 – Eric Edgar Cooke, Australian serial killer (born 1931)
* October 27
** Pierre Cartier (jeweler), Pierre Cartier, French jeweller (born 1878)
** Rudolph Maté, Polish cinematographer (born 1898)
* October 29
** Claudio Ermelli, Italian actor (born 1892)
** Henry Larsen (explorer), Henry Larsen, Canadian explorer (born 1899)
* October 31 – Theodore Freeman, American astronaut (born 1930)
November
* November 2
** Charles Walter Allfrey, British general (born 1895)
** José Ramón Guizado, Panamanian politician, 17th President of Panama (born 1899)
* November 5
** Mabel Lucie Attwell, British illustrator (born 1879)
** John S. Robertson, Canadian film director (born 1878)
* November 6 – Hans von Euler-Chelpin, German-born chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1873)
* November 10
** Jimmie Dodd, American actor and television personality (born 1910)
** Sam Newfield, American movie director (born 1899)
* November 11
** Franciszek Barda, Polish Roman Catholic clergyman and servant of God (born 1880)
** Juan de Dios Filiberto, Argentine violinist (born 1885)
** Eduard Steuermann, Austrian-American pianist and composer (born 1892)
* November 12 – Rickard Sandler, Swedish politician, 20th Prime Minister of Sweden (born 1884)
* November 13 – Oskar Becker, German philosopher (born 1889)
* November 14 – Heinrich von Brentano, German politician (born 1904)
* November 18 – Tommaso Besozzi, Italian journalist (born 1903)
*November 21 – Catherine Bauer Wurster, American architect and public housing advocate (born 1905)
* November 24 – William O'Dwyer, American diplomat and politician, 100th Mayor of New York City (born 1890)
* November 25 – Clarence Kolb, American actor (born 1874)
* November 28 – Charles Meredith (actor), Charles Meredith, American actor (born 1894)
* November 29 – Anne de Vries, Dutch writer (born 1904)
December
* December 1
** Marie-Clémentine Anuarite Nengapeta, Congolese Roman Catholic religious sister (born 1939)
** J. B. S. Haldane, British geneticist (born 1892)
* December 2 – Pina Pellicer, Mexican actress (born 1934)
* December 5 – V. Veerasingam, Ceylon Tamil teacher and politician (born 1892)
* December 6 – Consuelo Vanderbilt, Duchess of Marlborough (born 1877)
* December 9 – Dame Edith Sitwell, British poet (born 1887)
* December 10 – Mariano Rossell y Arellano, Guatemalan clergyman (born 1894)
* December 11
** Sam Cooke, American singer and songwriter (born 1931)
** Alma Mahler, Alma Schindler Mahler, wife of Gustav Mahler (born 1879)
* December 13 – Ernesto Almirante, Italian actor (born 1877)
* December 14
** William Bendix, American actor (born 1906)
** Francisco Canaro, Uruguayan-born composer (born 1888)
* December 15 – C. J. Hambro, Norwegian politician and journalist (born 1885)
* December 17 – Victor Francis Hess, Austrian-born American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1883)
* December 21 – Carl Van Vechten, American writer and photographer (born 1880)
* December 22 – Rosa Borja de Ycaza, Ecuadorian writer (born 1889)
* December 24 – Kuksha of Odessa, Eastern Orthodox priest (born 1875)
* December 29 – Vladimir Favorsky, Russian artist and engraver (born 1886)
* December 30 – Hans Gerhard Creutzfeldt, German neuropathologist (born 1885)Famous scholars from Kiel: Hans Gerhard Creutzfeldt /ref>
* December 31
** Ólafur Thors, Icelandic politician, 8th Prime Minister of Iceland (born 1892)
** Henry Maitland Wilson, British field marshal (born 1881)
Nobel Prizes
* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – Charles Hard Townes, Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov, Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov, Aleksandr Prokhorov
* Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
* Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Physiology or Medicine – Konrad Bloch, Feodor Lynen
* Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Jean-Paul Sartre
* Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – Martin Luther King Jr.
References
External links
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:1964
1964,
Leap years in the Gregorian calendar