Events
January
![Project Diana antenna](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Project_Diana_antenna.jpg)
*
January 6
Events Pre-1600
*1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will eve ...
- The
first general election ever in
Vietnam
Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...
is held.
*
January 7
Events Pre-1600
*49 BC – The Senate of Rome says that Caesar will be declared a public enemy unless he disbands his army. This prompts the tribunes who support him to flee to Ravenna, where Caesar is waiting.
* 1325 – Alfonso IV ...
– The Allies recognize the Austrian republic with its 1937 borders, and divide the country into four
occupation zones
Germany was already de facto occupied by the Allies from the real fall of Nazi Germany in World War II on 8 May 1945 to the establishment of the East Germany on 7 October 1949. The Allies (United States, United Kingdom, Soviet Union, and France ...
.
*
January 10
Events Pre-1600
*49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war.
* 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and the be ...
** The first meeting of the
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...
is held, at
Methodist Central Hall Westminster
The Methodist Central Hall (also known as Central Hall Westminster) is a multi-purpose venue in the City of Westminster, London, serving primarily as a Methodist church and a conference centre. The building, which is a tourist attraction, also ho ...
in
London
London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...
.
** ''
Project Diana
Project Diana, named for the Roman moon goddess Diana, was an experimental project of the US Army Signal Corps in 1946 to bounce radar signals off the Moon and receive the reflected signals. This was the first experiment in radar astronomy a ...
'' bounces
radar
Radar is a detection system that uses radio waves to determine the distance (''ranging''), angle, and radial velocity of objects relative to the site. It can be used to detect aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, motor vehicles, w ...
waves off the Moon, measuring the exact distance between the Earth and the Moon, and proves that communication is possible between Earth and outer space, effectively opening the
Space Age
The Space Age is a period encompassing the activities related to the Space Race, space exploration, space technology, and the cultural developments influenced by these events, beginning with the Sputnik_1#Launch_and_mission, launch of Sputnik 1 ...
.
*
January 11
Events Pre-1600
* 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence.
* 630 – Conquest of Mecca: The prophet Muhamma ...
-
Enver Hoxha
Enver Halil Hoxha ( , ; 16 October 190811 April 1985) was an Albanian communist politician who was the authoritarian ruler of Albania from 1944 until his death in 1985. He was First Secretary of the Party of Labour of Albania from 1941 unt ...
declares the
People's Republic of Albania
The People's Socialist Republic of Albania ( sq, Republika Popullore Socialiste e Shqipërisë, links=no) was the Marxist–Leninist one party state that existed in Albania from 1946 to 1992 (the official name of the country was the People's R ...
, with himself as
prime minister
A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is not ...
.
*
January 16
Events Pre-1600
* 27 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the Roman Empire.
* 378 – General Siyaj K'ak' conquers Tikal, enlarging the domain of King Spear ...
–
Charles de Gaulle
Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (; ; (commonly abbreviated as CDG) 22 November 18909 November 1970) was a French army officer and statesman who led Free France against Nazi Germany in World War II and chaired the Provisional Government ...
resigns as head of the
French provisional government.
*
January 17
Events Pre-1600
* 38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey.
* 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 people on ...
- The
United Nations Security Council
The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the Organs of the United Nations, six principal organs of the United Nations (UN) and is charged with ensuring international security, international peace and security, recommending the admi ...
holds its first session, at
Church House, Westminster
The Church House is the home of the headquarters of the Church of England, occupying the south end of Dean's Yard next to Westminster Abbey in London. Besides providing administrative offices for the Church Commissioners, the Archbishops' Council ...
in London.
*
January 19
Events Pre-1600
* 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to ''Augustus'', and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire.
* 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surrender ...
** The
Bell XS-1 is test flown for the first time (unpowered), with Bell's chief
test pilot
A test pilot is an aircraft pilot with additional training to fly and evaluate experimental, newly produced and modified aircraft with specific maneuvers, known as flight test techniques.Stinton, Darrol. ''Flying Qualities and Flight Testing ...
Jack Woolams
Jack Valentine Woolams (1917–1946) - was the senior experimental test pilot and later chief test pilot at Bell Aircraft during the introduction of the P-39, P-63, P-59, and X-1 aircraft. He set a world record for altitude and was the first pe ...
at the controls.
** General
Douglas MacArthur
Douglas MacArthur (26 January 18805 April 1964) was an American military leader who served as General of the Army for the United States, as well as a field marshal to the Philippine Army. He had served with distinction in World War I, was C ...
establishes the
International Military Tribunal for the Far East
The International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE), also known as the Tokyo Trial or the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal, was a military trial convened on April 29, 1946 to try leaders of the Empire of Japan for crimes against peace, conven ...
in Tokyo, to try Japanese war criminals.
*
January 20
Events Pre-1600
* 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution.
* 649 – King Chindasuinth, at the urging of bishop Braulio of Zaragoza, crowns his son Recceswinth as co-ruler of the Visigothic Kingdom.
* 1156 &ndas ...
–
Charles de Gaulle
Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (; ; (commonly abbreviated as CDG) 22 November 18909 November 1970) was a French army officer and statesman who led Free France against Nazi Germany in World War II and chaired the Provisional Government ...
resigns as
president of France
The president of France, officially the president of the French Republic (french: Président de la République française), is the executive head of state of France, and the commander-in-chief of the French Armed Forces. As the presidency i ...
.
*
January 22
Events Pre-1600
* 613 – Eight-month-old Constantine is crowned as co-emperor (''Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople.
* 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated by the Danelaw Vi ...
**
Iran crisis of 1946
The Iran crisis of 1946, also known as the Azerbaijan Crisis () in the Iranian sources, was one of the first crises of the Cold War, sparked by the refusal of Joseph Stalin's Soviet Union to relinquish occupied Iranian territory, despite repeat ...
:
Qazi Muhammad
Qazi Muhammad ( ku, قازی محەممەد / Qazî Mihemed, fa, قاضی محمد; 1 May 1893 – 31 March 1947) was an Kurdish leader who founded the Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan and headed the short-lived, Soviet-backed Republic of ...
declares the independent people's
Republic of Mahabad
The Republic of Mahabad or the Republic of Kurdistan ( ku, کۆماری کوردستان / Komara Kurdistanê; fa, جمهوری مهاباد) was a short-lived Kurdish self-governing unrecognized state in present-day Iran, from 22 January to 1 ...
, at the
Chahar Cheragh Square
Chahar Cheragh or Chuar-chira Square (Kurdish: ''چوارچرا, Çar Çira'', fa, میدان چهارچراغ) (meaning ''Square of the four candles''), is a public square in the centre of the city of Mahabad. It is now officially called Shahrd ...
in the
Kurdish
Kurdish may refer to:
*Kurds or Kurdish people
*Kurdish languages
*Kurdish alphabets
*Kurdistan, the land of the Kurdish people which includes:
**Southern Kurdistan
**Eastern Kurdistan
**Northern Kurdistan
**Western Kurdistan
See also
* Kurd (dis ...
city of
Mahabad
Mahabad ( fa, مهاباد, ku, مەهاباد, translit=Mehabad), also Romanized as Mihābād and Muhābād and formerly known as Savojbolagh, is a city and capital of Mahabad County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its p ...
. He is the new president,
Haji Baba Sheikh
Haji Baba Sheikh ( ku, Hacî Baba Şêx – Bukan) was the Kurdish prime minister of the Republic of Mahabad. After the republic was conquered by the Iranian army in 1947, unlike Qazi Muhammad
Qazi Muhammad ( ku, قازی محەممەد / Qaz ...
is the
prime minister
A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is not ...
.
** The National Intelligence Authority, and its operational arm, the Central Intelligence Group, are established in the United States; these become part of the
Central Intelligence Agency
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA ), known informally as the Agency and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States, officially tasked with gathering, processing, ...
in
1947
It was the first year of the Cold War, which would last until 1991, ending with the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
Events
January
* January–February – Winter of 1946–47 in the United Kingdom: The worst snowfall in the country in ...
.
![Stamp Canada 1929 50c Bluenose](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Stamp_Canada_1929_50c_Bluenose.jpg)
*
January 28
Events Pre-1600
* 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany.
* 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accession o ...
– The Canadian schooner ''
Bluenose
''Bluenose'' was a fishing and racing gaff rig schooner built in 1921 in Lunenburg, Nova Scotia, Canada. A celebrated racing ship and fishing vessel, ''Bluenose'' under the command of Angus Walters, became a provincial icon for Nova Scotia and ...
'' found on a Haitian reef.
*
January 31
Events Pre-1600
* 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades.
* 1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on the t ...
** The last session of the
Permanent Court of International Justice
The Permanent Court of International Justice, often called the World Court, existed from 1922 to 1946. It was an international court attached to the League of Nations. Created in 1920 (although the idea of an international court was several cen ...
occurs.
**
Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia (; sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Jugoslavija, Југославија ; sl, Jugoslavija ; mk, Југославија ;; rup, Iugoslavia; hu, Jugoszlávia; rue, label=Pannonian Rusyn, Югославия, translit=Juhoslavija ...
's
new constitution, modeling the
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
, establishes 6 constituent republics (
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and H ...
,
Croatia
, image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg
, image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg
, anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland")
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, capit ...
,
Macedonia,
Montenegro
)
, image_map = Europe-Montenegro.svg
, map_caption =
, image_map2 =
, capital = Podgorica
, coordinates =
, largest_city = capital
, official_languages = M ...
,
Serbia
Serbia (, ; Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe, Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Bas ...
and
Slovenia
Slovenia ( ; sl, Slovenija ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: ''RS''), is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, an ...
).
February
*
February 1
Events Pre-1600
* 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer.
* 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), Mon ...
**
Trygve Lie
Trygve Halvdan Lie ( , ; 16 July 1896 – 30 December 1968) was a Norwegians, Norwegian politician, labour leader, government official and author. He served as Norwegian foreign minister during the critical years of the Nygaardsvold's Cabinet, N ...
of Norway is selected, as the first
United Nations Secretary-General
The secretary-general of the United Nations (UNSG or SG) is the chief administrative officer of the United Nations and head of the United Nations Secretariat, one of the six principal organs of the United Nations.
The role of the secretary-ge ...
.
** The
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from the Middle Ages into the 20th century. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the coronation of the first king Stephen ...
becomes a
republic
A republic () is a "state in which power rests with the people or their representatives; specifically a state without a monarchy" and also a "government, or system of government, of such a state." Previously, especially in the 17th and 18th c ...
, heavily influenced by the
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
.
*
February 14
Events Pre-1600
* 748 – Abbasid Revolution: The Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad province Khorasan, marking the consolidation of the Abbasid revolt.
* 842 – Charles the Bald and Louis ...
-
ENIAC
ENIAC (; Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was the first programmable, electronic, general-purpose digital computer, completed in 1945. There were other computers that had these features, but the ENIAC had all of them in one packa ...
(for "Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer"), an early general-purpose electronic
computer
A computer is a machine that can be programmed to Execution (computing), carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations (computation) automatically. Modern digital electronic computers can perform generic sets of operations known as C ...
, is unveiled at the
University of Pennsylvania
The University of Pennsylvania (also known as Penn or UPenn) is a private research university in Philadelphia. It is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and is ranked among the highest-regarded universitie ...
; it weighs 60,000 pounds (over 27 tons), and occupies a big room.
*
February 15
Events Pre-1600
* 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus
* 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia.
* 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tiberi ...
– The
Gouzenko Affair
The Gouzenko Affair was the name given to events in Canada surrounding the defection of Igor Gouzenko from the Soviet Union in 1945 and his subsequent allegations regarding the existence of a Soviet spy ring of Canadian Communists. Gouzenko's d ...
: Canada announces the shocking discovery of a ring of Canadian communist spies based at the Soviet embassy in Ottawa, passing
atomic bomb
A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear bomb), producing a nuclear explosion. Both bomb ...
secrets to Russia.
*
February 20
Events Pre-1600
*1339 – The Milanese army and the St. George's (San Giorgio) Mercenaries of Lodrisio Visconti clash in the Battle of Parabiago; Visconti is defeated.
*1472 – Orkney and Shetland are pawned by Norway to Scotland ...
– An explosion kills more than 400 coal miners in
Bergkamen
Bergkamen (; Westphalian: ''Biärgkoamen'') is a town in the district of Unna, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated south of the river Lippe, approx. north-east of Dortmund and south-west of Hamm.
Bergkamen, a fairly new town in ...
, West Germany.
*
February 24
Events Pre-1600
* 484 – King Huneric of the Vandals replaces Nicene bishops with Arian ones, and banishes some to Corsica.
* 1303 – The English are defeated at the Battle of Roslin, in the First War of Scottish Independence.
* 13 ...
–
Juan Perón
Juan Domingo Perón (, , ; 8 October 1895 – 1 July 1974) was an Argentine Army general and politician. After serving in several government positions, including Minister of Labour and Vice President of a military dictatorship, he was elected P ...
is elected
president of Argentina
The president of Argentina ( es, Presidente de Argentina), officially known as the president of the Argentine Nation ( es, Presidente de la Nación Argentina), is both head of state and head of government of Argentina. Under Constitution of Ar ...
.
March
*
March 2
Events Pre-1600
* 537 – Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoth army under king Vitiges begins the siege of the capital. Belisarius conducts a delaying action outside the Flaminian Gate; he and a detachment of his ''bucellarii'' are almost cut o ...
** British troops withdraw from
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...
according to treaty; the Soviets do not.
**
Ho Chi Minh
(: ; born ; 19 May 1890 – 2 September 1969), commonly known as ('Uncle Hồ'), also known as ('President Hồ'), (' Old father of the people') and by other aliases, was a Vietnamese revolutionary and statesman. He served as Prime ...
is elected President of
North Vietnam
North Vietnam, officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV; vi, Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa), was a socialist state supported by the Soviet Union (USSR) and the People's Republic of China (PRC) in Southeast Asia that existed f ...
.
*
March 4
Events Pre-1600
*AD 51 – Nero, later to become Roman emperor, is given the title '' princeps iuventutis'' (head of the youth).
* 306 – Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia.
* 852 – Croatian Knez Trpimir I issues a st ...
–
C. G. E. Mannerheim
Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim (, ; 4 June 1867 – 27 January 1951) was a Finland, Finnish military leader and statesman. He served as the military leader of the White Guard (Finland), Whites in the Finnish Civil War of 1918, as List of reg ...
resigns as
president of Finland
The president of the Republic of Finland ( fi, Suomen tasavallan presidentti; sv, Republiken Finlands president) is the head of state of Finland. Under the Constitution of Finland, executive power is vested in the Finnish Government and the p ...
.
*
March 5
Events Pre-1600
* 363 – Roman emperor Julian leaves Antioch with an army of 90,000 to attack the Sasanian Empire, in a campaign which would bring about his own death.
* 1046 – Nasir Khusraw begins the seven-year Middle Eastern ...
– In his speech at
Westminster College, in
Fulton, Missouri
Fulton is the largest city in and the county seat of Callaway County, Missouri, United States. Located about northeast of Jefferson City and the Missouri River and east of Columbia, the city is part of the Jefferson City, Missouri, Metropolita ...
,
Winston Churchill
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British statesman, soldier, and writer who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom twice, from 1940 to 1945 Winston Churchill in the Second World War, dur ...
talks about the ''
Iron Curtain
The Iron Curtain was the political boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991. The term symbolizes the efforts by the Soviet Union (USSR) to block itself and its s ...
''.
*
March 6
Events Pre-1600
* 12 BCE – The Roman emperor Augustus is named Pontifex Maximus, incorporating the position into that of the emperor.
* 632 – The Farewell Sermon (Khutbah, Khutbatul Wada') of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
* 845 & ...
–
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
:
Ho Chi Minh
(: ; born ; 19 May 1890 – 2 September 1969), commonly known as ('Uncle Hồ'), also known as ('President Hồ'), (' Old father of the people') and by other aliases, was a Vietnamese revolutionary and statesman. He served as Prime ...
signs an agreement with France, which recognizes
Vietnam
Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...
as an autonomous state in the Indochinese Federation and the French Union.
*
March 7
Events Pre-1600
* 161 – Marcus Aurelius and L. Commodus (who changes his name to Lucius Verus) become joint emperors of Rome on the death of Antoninus Pius.
* 1138 – Konrad III von Hohenstaufen was elected king of Germany at Cob ...
– The
18th Academy Awards
The 18th Academy Awards were held on March 7, 1946 at Grauman's Chinese Theatre to honor the films of 1945. Being the first Oscars after the end of World War II, the ceremony returned to the glamour of the prewar years; notably, the plaster sta ...
Ceremony is held.
Best Picture
This is a list of categories of awards commonly awarded through organizations that bestow film awards, including those presented by various film, festivals, and people's awards.
Best Actor/Best Actress
*See Best Actor#Film awards, Best Actress#F ...
goes to ''
The Lost Weekend''.
*
March 9
Events Pre-1600
*141 BC – Liu Che, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China.
*1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg.
* 1226 – ...
–
Juho Kusti Paasikivi
Juho Kusti Paasikivi (; 27 November 1870 – 14 December 1956) was the seventh president of Finland (1946–1956). Representing the Finnish Party until its dissolution in 1918 and then the National Coalition Party, he also served as Prime Ministe ...
becomes the 7th
President of Finland
The president of the Republic of Finland ( fi, Suomen tasavallan presidentti; sv, Republiken Finlands president) is the head of state of Finland. Under the Constitution of Finland, executive power is vested in the Finnish Government and the p ...
.
*
March 19
Events Pre-1600
* 1277 – The Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1277 is concluded, stipulating a two-year truce and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the Byzantine Empire.
*1279 – A Mongol victory at the Battle of Yamen ends ...
** The
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
and Switzerland resume
diplomatic relations
Diplomacy comprises spoken or written communication by representatives of states (such as leaders and diplomats) intended to influence events in the international system.Ronald Peter Barston, ''Modern diplomacy'', Pearson Education, 2006, p. 1 ...
.
**
French Guiana
French Guiana ( or ; french: link=no, Guyane ; gcr, label=French Guianese Creole, Lagwiyann ) is an overseas departments and regions of France, overseas department/region and single territorial collectivity of France on the northern Atlantic ...
,
Guadeloupe
Guadeloupe (; ; gcf, label=Antillean Creole, Gwadloup, ) is an archipelago and overseas department and region of France in the Caribbean. It consists of six inhabited islands—Basse-Terre, Grande-Terre, Marie-Galante, La Désirade, and the ...
,
Martinique
Martinique ( , ; gcf, label=Martinican Creole, Matinik or ; Kalinago: or ) is an island and an overseas department/region and single territorial collectivity of France. An integral part of the French Republic, Martinique is located in th ...
and
Réunion
Réunion (; french: La Réunion, ; previously ''Île Bourbon''; rcf, label= Reunionese Creole, La Rényon) is an island in the Indian Ocean that is an overseas department and region of France. It is located approximately east of the island ...
become
overseas ''départements'' of France.
*
March 22
Events Pre-1600
* 106 – Start of the Bostran era, the calendar of the province of Arabia Petraea.
* 235 – Roman emperor Severus Alexander is murdered, marking the start of the Crisis of the Third Century.
* 871 – Æthelr ...
– The United Kingdom grants the
British protectorate of the
Emirate of Transjordan
The Emirate of Transjordan ( ar, إمارة شرق الأردن, Imārat Sharq al-Urdun, Emirate of East Jordan), officially known as the Amirate of Trans-Jordan, was a British protectorate established on 11 April 1921, (later known as
Jordan
Jordan ( ar, الأردن; tr. ' ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan,; tr. ' is a country in Western Asia. It is situated at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, and Europe, within the Levant region, on the East Bank of the Jordan Rive ...
) its independence by the
Treaty of London.
*
March 29
Events Pre-1600
* 845 – Paris is sacked by Viking raiders, probably under Ragnar Lodbrok, who collects a huge ransom in exchange for leaving.
* 1430 – The Ottoman Empire under Murad II captures Thessalonica from the Republic of ...
– The
Gold Coast
Gold Coast may refer to:
Places Africa
* Gold Coast (region), in West Africa, which was made up of the following colonies, before being established as the independent nation of Ghana:
** Portuguese Gold Coast (Portuguese, 1482–1642)
** Dutch G ...
has an African majority in its parliament.
April
*
April 1
Events Pre-1600
* 33 – According to one historian's account, Jesus Christ's Last Supper is held.
* 527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne.
*1081 – Alexios I Kom ...
** The 8.6
Aleutian Islands earthquake shakes the
Aleutian Islands
The Aleutian Islands (; ; ale, Unangam Tanangin,”Land of the Aleuts", possibly from Chukchi language, Chukchi ''aliat'', "island"), also called the Aleut Islands or Aleutic Islands and known before 1867 as the Catherine Archipelago, are a cha ...
, with a maximum
Mercalli intensity
The Modified Mercalli intensity scale (MM, MMI, or MCS), developed from Giuseppe Mercalli's Mercalli intensity scale of 1902, is a seismic intensity scale used for measuring the intensity of shaking produced by an earthquake. It measures the eff ...
of VI (''Strong''). A destructive
tsunami
A tsunami ( ; from ja, 津波, lit=harbour wave, ) is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explo ...
reaches the
Hawaiian Islands
The Hawaiian Islands ( haw, Nā Mokupuni o Hawai‘i) are an archipelago of eight major islands, several atolls, and numerous smaller islets in the North Pacific Ocean, extending some from the island of Hawaii in the south to northernmost Kur ...
, resulting in many deaths, mostly in
Hilo
Hilo () is a census-designated place (CDP) and the largest settlement in Hawaii County, Hawaii, Hawaii County, Hawaii, United States, which encompasses the Hawaii (island), Island of Hawaii. The population was 44,186 according to the 2020 United ...
. Between 165 and 173 are killed.
** The
Malayan Union
The Malayan Union was a union of the Malay states and the Straits Settlements of Penang and Malacca. It was the successor to British Malaya and was conceived to unify the Malay Peninsula under a single government to simplify administratio ...
is formed.
**
Singapore
Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, borde ...
becomes a
Crown colony
A Crown colony or royal colony was a colony administered by The Crown within the British Empire. There was usually a Governor, appointed by the British monarch on the advice of the UK Government, with or without the assistance of a local Counci ...
.
*
April 3
Events Pre-1600
* 686 – Maya king Yuknoom Yich'aak K'ahk' assumes the crown of Calakmul.
* 1043 – Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England.
* 1077 – The Patriarchate of Friûl, the first Friulian state, is created ...
– Japanese Lt. General
Masaharu Homma
was a lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. Homma commanded the Japanese 14th Army, which invaded the Philippines and perpetrated the Bataan Death March. After the war, Homma was convicted of war crimes relating ...
is executed outside
Manila
Manila ( , ; fil, Maynila, ), officially the City of Manila ( fil, Lungsod ng Maynila, ), is the capital of the Philippines, and its second-most populous city. It is highly urbanized and, as of 2019, was the world's most densely populate ...
in the
Philippines
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no),
* bik, Republika kan Filipinas
* ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas
* cbk, República de Filipinas
* hil, Republ ...
, for leading the
Bataan Death March
The Bataan Death March (Filipino: ''Martsa ng Kamatayan sa Bataan''; Spanish: ''Marcha de la muerte de Bataán'' ; Kapampangan: ''Martsa ning Kematayan quing Bataan''; Japanese: バターン死の行進, Hepburn: ''Batān Shi no Kōshin'') was ...
.
*
April 5
Events Pre-1600
* 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I.
* 919 – The second Fatimid invasion of Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, sets out from Raqqada at the head of his a ...
– A
Fleet Air Arm
The Fleet Air Arm (FAA) is one of the five fighting arms of the Royal Navy and is responsible for the delivery of naval air power both from land and at sea. The Fleet Air Arm operates the F-35 Lightning II for maritime strike, the AW159 Wil ...
Vickers Wellington
The Vickers Wellington was a British twin-engined, long-range medium bomber. It was designed during the mid-1930s at Brooklands in Weybridge, Surrey. Led by Vickers-Armstrongs' chief designer Rex Pierson; a key feature of the aircraft is its g ...
crashes into a residential area in
Rabat
Rabat (, also , ; ar, الرِّبَاط, er-Ribât; ber, ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ, ṛṛbaṭ) is the capital city of Morocco and the country's seventh largest city with an urban population of approximately 580,000 (2014) and a metropolitan populati ...
,
Malta
Malta ( , , ), officially the Republic of Malta ( mt, Repubblika ta' Malta ), is an island country in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of an archipelago, between Italy and Libya, and is often considered a part of Southern Europe. It lies ...
during a training exercise, killing all 4 crew members and 16 civilians on the ground.
*
April 10
Events Pre-1600
* 428 – Nestorius becomes the Patriarch of Constantinople.
* 837 – Halley's Comet makes its closest approach to Earth at a distance equal to 0.0342 AU (5.1 million kilometres/3.2 million miles).
* 1407 ...
– In Japan, women vote for the first time, during elections for the House of Representatives of the 90th
Imperial Diet.
*
April 14
Events Pre-1600
* 43 BC – Legions loyal to the Roman Senate, commanded by Gaius Pansa, defeat the forces of Mark Antony in the Battle of Forum Gallorum.
* 69 – Vitellius, commanding Rhine-based armies, defeats Roman emperor Otho ...
– ''
Sh'erit ha-Pletah
Sh'erit ha-Pletah is a Hebrew term for Jewish Holocaust survivors living in Displaced Persons (DP) camps, and the organisations they created to act on their behalf with the Allied authorities. These were active between 27 May 1945 and 1950–51, ...
'' members of
Nakam
Nakam ( he, נקם, 'Revenge') was a paramilitary organization of about fifty Holocaust survivors who, after 1945, sought genocidal revenge for the murder of six million Jews during the Holocaust. Led by Abba Kovner, the group sought to kill si ...
, the "Jewish Avengers", poison with arsenic bread baked in Nuremberg for
SS prisoners of war, held at
Stalag XIII-D
Stalag XIII-D Nürnberg Langwasser was a German Army World War II prisoner-of-war camp built on what had been the Nazi party rally grounds in Nuremberg, northern Bavaria.
Camp history
In September 1939 an internment camp for enemy civilians was cr ...
by the Americans.
*
April 17
Events Pre-1600
*1080 – Harald III of Denmark dies and is succeeded by Canute IV, who would later be the first Dane to be canonized.
*1349 – The rule of the Bavand dynasty in Mazandaran is brought to an end by the murder of Hasan ...
–
Syria
Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...
's independence from France is officially recognized.
*
April 18
Events Pre-1600
* 796 – King Æthelred I of Northumbria is murdered in Corbridge by a group led by his ealdormen, Ealdred and Wada. The ''patrician'' Osbald is crowned, but abdicates within 27 days.
* 1428 – Peace of Ferrara betw ...
** The inaugural session of the
International Court of Justice
The International Court of Justice (ICJ; french: Cour internationale de justice, links=no; ), sometimes known as the World Court, is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN). It settles disputes between states in accordanc ...
(ICJ) takes place at
The Hague
The Hague ( ; nl, Den Haag or ) is a city and municipality of the Netherlands, situated on the west coast facing the North Sea. The Hague is the country's administrative centre and its seat of government, and while the official capital of ...
.
** The
League of Nations
The League of Nations (french: link=no, Société des Nations ) was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. It was founded on 10 January 1920 by the Paris Peace Conference that ...
, in its last meeting, transfers its mission to the
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...
and disbands itself.
** The United States recognizes
Josip Broz Tito
Josip Broz ( sh-Cyrl, Јосип Броз, ; 7 May 1892 – 4 May 1980), commonly known as Tito (; sh-Cyrl, Тито, links=no, ), was a Yugoslav communist revolutionary and statesman, serving in various positions from 1943 until his deat ...
's government in
Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia (; sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Jugoslavija, Југославија ; sl, Jugoslavija ; mk, Југославија ;; rup, Iugoslavia; hu, Jugoszlávia; rue, label=Pannonian Rusyn, Югославия, translit=Juhoslavija ...
.
*
April 28
Events Pre-1600
* 224 – The Battle of Hormozdgan is fought. Ardashir I defeats and kills Artabanus V effectively ending the Parthian Empire.
* 357 – Emperor Constantius II enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victory ...
– ''
Kinderdorf Pestalozzi
Kinderdorf Pestalozzi () is a non-profit organization located in Trogen, Canton Appenzell. It was named after the Swiss education pioneer Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi. Established in 1945, the Stiftung Kinderdorf Pestalozzi provides the ''Kinderdor ...
'' (Pestalozzi Children's Village) is established at
Trogen Trogen may refer to:
People
* Karl-Erling Trogen (born 1946)
Places
* Trogen, Switzerland
Trogen is a municipality in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland. The town is the seat of the canton's judicial authorities.
History
The ...
, Switzerland to accommodate and educate
orphan
An orphan (from the el, ορφανός, orphanós) is a child whose parents have died.
In common usage, only a child who has lost both parents due to death is called an orphan. When referring to animals, only the mother's condition is usuall ...
s of World War II, according to
Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi
Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (, ; 12 January 1746 – 17 February 1827) was a Swiss pedagogue and educational reformer who exemplified Romanticism in his approach.
He founded several educational institutions both in German- and French-speaking r ...
's principles.
*
April 29
Events Pre-1600
*1091 – Battle of Levounion: The Pechenegs are defeated by Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos.
* 1386 – Battle of the Vikhra River: The Principality of Smolensk is defeated by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and beco ...
– Trials against
war criminals begin in Tokyo; the accused include
Hideki Tōjō
Hideki Tojo (, ', December 30, 1884 – December 23, 1948) was a Japanese politician, general of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA), and convicted war criminal who served as prime minister of Japan and president of the Imperial Rule Assistan ...
,
Shigenori Tōgō
(10 December 1882 – 23 July 1950), was Minister of Foreign Affairs for the Empire of Japan at both the start and the end of the Axis–Allied conflict during World War II. He also served as Minister of Colonial Affairs in 1941, and assume ...
and
Hiroshi Ōshima
Baron was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army, Japanese ambassador to Germany before and during World War II and (unwittingly) a major source of communications intelligence for the Allies. His role was perhaps best summed up by General Geo ...
.
May
*
May 1
Events Pre-1600
* 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor.
* 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches.
* 1169 &ndas ...
– At least 800
Indigenous Australian
Indigenous Australians or Australian First Nations are people with familial heritage from, and membership in, the ethnic groups that lived in Australia before British colonisation. They consist of two distinct groups: the Aboriginal peoples ...
pastoral workers walk off the job in Northwest Western Australia, starting
one of the longest industrial strikes in Australia.
*
May 7
Events Pre-1600
* 351 – The Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus breaks out after his arrival at Antioch.
* 558 – In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses, twenty years after its construction. Justinian I imm ...
– Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering (later renamed ''
Sony
, commonly stylized as SONY, is a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. As a major technology company, it operates as one of the world's largest manufacturers of consumer and professional ...
'') is founded, with about 20 employees.
*
May 9
Events Pre-1600
* 328 – Athanasius is elected Patriarch of Alexandria.
*1009 – Lombard Revolt: Lombard forces led by Melus revolt in Bari against the Byzantine Catepanate of Italy.
*1386 – England and Portugal formally rati ...
– King
Victor Emmanuel III of Italy
Victor Emmanuel III (Vittorio Emanuele Ferdinando Maria Gennaro di Savoia; 11 November 1869 – 28 December 1947) was King of Italy from 29 July 1900 until his abdication on 9 May 1946. He also reigned as Emperor of Ethiopia (1936–1941) and K ...
abdicates, and is succeeded by his son
Umberto II
en, Albert Nicholas Thomas John Maria of Savoy
, house = Savoy
, father = Victor Emmanuel III of Italy
, mother = Princess Elena of Montenegro
, birth_date =
, birth_place = Racconigi, Piedmont, Kingdom of Italy
, dea ...
.
*
May 10
Events Pre-1600
* 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China.
*1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of Edw ...
**
Jawaharlal Nehru
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru (; ; ; 14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964) was an Indian anti-colonial nationalist, secular humanist, social democrat—
*
*
*
* and author who was a central figure in India during the middle of the 20t ...
is elected leader of the
Congress Party
The Indian National Congress (INC), colloquially the Congress Party but often simply the Congress, is a political party in India with widespread roots. Founded in 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Em ...
in India.
** The first
V-2 rocket
The V-2 (german: Vergeltungswaffe 2, lit=Retaliation Weapon 2), with the technical name ''Aggregat 4'' (A-4), was the world’s first long-range guided ballistic missile. The missile, powered by a liquid-propellant rocket engine, was developed ...
to be successfully launched in the United States is fired from
White Sands Missile Range
White Sands Missile Range (WSMR) is a United States Army military testing area and firing range located in the US state of New Mexico. The range was originally established as the White Sands Proving Ground on 9July 1945. White Sands National P ...
.
*
May 21
Events Pre-1600
* 293 – Roman Emperors Diocletian and Maximian appoint Galerius as ''Caesar (title), Caesar'' to Diocletian, beginning the period of four rulers known as the Tetrarchy.
* 878 – Syracuse, Sicily, is Siege of Syracuse ...
–
Manhattan Project
The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons. It was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada. From 1942 to 1946, the project w ...
physicist Dr.
Louis Slotin
Louis Alexander Slotin (1 December 1910 – 30 May 1946) was a Canadian physicist and chemist who took part in the Manhattan Project. Born and raised in the North End of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Slotin earned both his Bachelor of Science and M ...
accidentally triggers a
fission reaction
Nuclear fission is a reaction in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller nuclei. The fission process often produces gamma photons, and releases a very large amount of energy even by the energetic standards of radioac ...
at the
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Los Alamos National Laboratory (often shortened as Los Alamos and LANL) is one of the sixteen research and development laboratories of the United States Department of Energy (DOE), located a short distance northwest of Santa Fe, New Mexico, ...
in the United States and, although saving his coworkers, gives himself a lethal dose of
hard radiation
Ionizing radiation (or ionising radiation), including nuclear radiation, consists of subatomic particles or electromagnetic waves that have sufficient energy to ionize atoms or molecules by detaching electrons from them. Some particles can travel ...
, making him the second victim of a
criticality accident
A criticality accident is an accidental uncontrolled nuclear fission chain reaction. It is sometimes referred to as a critical excursion, critical power excursion, or divergent chain reaction. Any such event involves the unintended accumulation ...
in history (the incident is initially treated as
classified information
Classified information is material that a government body deems to be sensitive information that must be protected. Access is restricted by law or regulation to particular groups of people with the necessary security clearance and need to know, ...
).
*
May 25
Events Pre-1600
* 567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans.
*240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.
* 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes Tol ...
– The
Emirate of Transjordan
The Emirate of Transjordan ( ar, إمارة شرق الأردن, Imārat Sharq al-Urdun, Emirate of East Jordan), officially known as the Amirate of Trans-Jordan, was a British protectorate established on 11 April 1921, becomes the
Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan
Jordan ( ar, الأردن; Romanization of Arabic, tr. ' ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan,; Romanization of Arabic, tr. ' is a country in Western Asia. It is situated at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, and Europe, within the Levan ...
when its parliament makes the ruling
amir Abdullah their king on the day it ratifies the
Treaty of London.
*
May 26
Events Pre-1600
* 17 – Germanicus celebrates a triumph in Rome for his victories over the Cherusci, Chatti, and other German tribes west of the Elbe.
* 451 – Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sasanian Empire take ...
–
1946 Czechoslovak parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Czechoslovakia on 26 May 1946. The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia emerged as the largest party, winning 114 of the 300 seats (93 for the main party and 21 for its Slovak branch) with 38% of the vote. The Com ...
: Communists win with (38%), in the last election before communists take power.
*
May 31
Events Pre-1600
* 455 – Emperor Petronius Maximus is stoned to death by an angry mob while fleeing Rome.
* 1223 – Mongol invasion of the Cumans: Battle of the Kalka River: Mongol armies of Genghis Khan led by Subutai defeat K ...
– A Greek
referendum
A referendum (plural: referendums or less commonly referenda) is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue. This is in contrast to an issue being voted on by a representative. This may result in the adoption of a ...
supports the return of the
monarchy
A monarchy is a form of government in which a person, the monarch, is head of state for life or until abdication. The political legitimacy and authority of the monarch may vary from restricted and largely symbolic (constitutional monarchy) ...
.
June
![Allied Victory Parade in London, 1946 H42790](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Allied_Victory_Parade_in_London%2C_1946_H42790.jpg)
*
June 1
Events Pre-1600
*1215 – Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen people, Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, ending the Battle of Zhongdu.
*1252 – Alfonso X is pr ...
**
Ion Antonescu
Ion Antonescu (; ; – 1 June 1946) was a Romanian military officer and marshal who presided over two successive wartime dictatorships as Prime Minister and ''Conducător'' during most of World War II.
A Romanian Army career officer who made ...
, prime minister and "Conducator" (Leader) of
Romania
Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...
during World War II, is executed; he was found guilty of betraying the Romanian people for benefits of Germany and sentenced to death by the
Bucharest People's Tribunal The two Romanian People's Tribunals ( ro, Tribunalele Poporului), the Bucharest People's Tribunal and the Northern Transylvania People's Tribunal (which sat in Cluj) were set up by the post-World War II government of Romania, overseen by the Allied ...
.
**
D'Argenlieu, French
High Commissioner for
Indo-China
Mainland Southeast Asia, also known as the Indochinese Peninsula or Indochina, is the continental portion of Southeast Asia. It lies east of the Indian subcontinent and south of Mainland China and is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the west an ...
, recognizes an autonomous "Republic of Cochin-China" in violation of the
March 6
Events Pre-1600
* 12 BCE – The Roman emperor Augustus is named Pontifex Maximus, incorporating the position into that of the emperor.
* 632 – The Farewell Sermon (Khutbah, Khutbatul Wada') of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
* 845 & ...
Ho–Sainteny agreement
The Ho–Sainteny agreement, officially the ''Accord Between France and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam'', known in Vietnamese as Hiệp định sơ bộ Pháp-Việt, was an agreement made on March 6, 1946, between Ho Chi Minh, President of t ...
, opening the way for conflict between the
Viet Minh
The Việt Minh (; abbreviated from , chữ Nôm and Hán tự: ; french: Ligue pour l'indépendance du Viêt Nam, ) was a national independence coalition formed at Pác Bó by Hồ Chí Minh on 19 May 1941. Also known as the Việt Minh Fro ...
and France.
*
June 2
Events Pre-1600
* 455 – Sack of Rome: Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks.
* 1098 – First Crusade: The first Siege of Antioch ends as Crusader forces take the city; the second siege began five days later. 1601 ...
–
1946 Italian institutional referendum
An institutional referendum ( it, referendum istituzionale, or ) was held in Italy on 2 June 1946,Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1047 a key event of Italian contemporary history.
Until 1946 ...
: Italians vote to turn Italy from a
monarchy
A monarchy is a form of government in which a person, the monarch, is head of state for life or until abdication. The political legitimacy and authority of the monarch may vary from restricted and largely symbolic (constitutional monarchy) ...
into a
republic
A republic () is a "state in which power rests with the people or their representatives; specifically a state without a monarchy" and also a "government, or system of government, of such a state." Previously, especially in the 17th and 18th c ...
. In the simultaneous
1946 Italian general election
General elections were held in Italy on Sunday, 2 June 1946.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1047 They were the first after World War II and elected 556 deputies to the Constituent Assembly. Theoret ...
, the first since the end of World War II and also the first in which women are allowed to vote, the
Christian Democracy
Christian democracy (sometimes named Centrist democracy) is a political ideology that emerged in 19th-century Europe under the influence of Catholic social teaching and neo-Calvinism.
It was conceived as a combination of modern democratic ...
party, led by Prime Minister
Alcide De Gasperi
Alcide Amedeo Francesco De Gasperi (; 3 April 1881 – 19 August 1954) was an Italian politician who founded the Christian Democracy party and served as prime minister of Italy in eight successive coalition governments from 1945 to 1953.
De Gasp ...
, wins most seats in the
Constituent Assembly of Italy
The Italian Constituent Assembly (Italian: ''Assemblea Costituente della Repubblica Italiana'') was a parliamentary chamber which existed in Italy from 25 June 1946 until 31 January 1948. It was tasked with writing a constitution for the Italian ...
and forms a coalition government. Christian Democracy leads the Italian government continuously until 1981.
*
June 3
Events Pre-1600
* 350 – The Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman emperor, entering Rome at the head of a group of gladiators.
* 713 – The Byzantine Empire, Byzantine emperor Philippikos Ba ...
–
Interpol
The International Criminal Police Organization (ICPO; french: link=no, Organisation internationale de police criminelle), commonly known as Interpol ( , ), is an international organization that facilitates worldwide police cooperation and cri ...
is re-founded; the
telegraphic address
A telegraphic address or cable address was a unique identifier code for a recipient of telegraph messages. Operators of telegraph services regulated the use of telegraphic addresses to prevent duplication. Rather like a uniform resource locator ( ...
"Interpol" is adopted.
*
June 8
Events Pre-1600
* 218 – Battle of Antioch: With the support of the Syrian legions, Elagabalus defeats the forces of emperor Macrinus.
* 452 – Attila leads a Hun army in the invasion of Italy, devastating the northern provinces ...
– In
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
,
Sukarno
Sukarno). (; born Koesno Sosrodihardjo, ; 6 June 1901 – 21 June 1970) was an Indonesian statesman, orator, revolutionary, and nationalist who was the first president of Indonesia, serving from 1945 to 1967.
Sukarno was the leader of ...
incites his supporters to fight Dutch colonial occupation.
*
June 9
Events Pre-1600
* 411 BC – The Athenian coup succeeds, forming a short-lived oligarchy.
* 53 – The Roman emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia.
* 68 – Nero dies by suicide after quoting Vergil's ''Aeneid'', thus ending the J ...
– In
Thailand
Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is bo ...
, King
Bhumibol Adulyadej
Bhumibol Adulyadej ( th, ภูมิพลอดุลยเดช; ; ; (Sanskrit: ''bhūmi·bala atulya·teja'' - "might of the land, unparalleled brilliance"); 5 December 192713 October 2016), conferred with the title King Bhumibol the Great ...
(Rama IX) accedes to the throne after the death of his elder brother, King
Ananda Mahidol
Ananda Mahidol ( th, พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรเมนทรมหาอานันทมหิดล; ; 20 September 1925 – 9 June 1946), posthumous reigning title Phra Athamaramathibodin ( th, พระอั ...
(Rama VIII). He will reign until his death on
October 13
Events Pre-1600
* 54 – Roman emperor Claudius dies from poisoning under mysterious circumstances. He is succeeded by his adoptive son Nero, rather than by Britannicus, his son with Messalina.
* 409 – Vandals and Alans cross the Py ...
,
2016
File:2016 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Bombed-out buildings in Ankara following the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt; the impeachment trial of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff; Damaged houses during the 2016 Nagorno-Karabakh ...
.
*
June 10
Events Pre-1600
* 671 – Emperor Tenji of Japan introduces a water clock ( clepsydra) called ''Rokoku''. The instrument, which measures time and indicates hours, is placed in the capital of Ōtsu.
*1190 – Third Crusade: Frederick I ...
– Italy is declared a
republic
A republic () is a "state in which power rests with the people or their representatives; specifically a state without a monarchy" and also a "government, or system of government, of such a state." Previously, especially in the 17th and 18th c ...
.
*
June 13
Events Pre-1600
* 313 – The decisions of the Edict of Milan, signed by Constantine the Great and co-emperor Licinius, Valerius Licinius, granting religious freedom throughout the Roman Empire, are published in Nicomedia.
*1325 – Ib ...
–
Umberto II of Italy
en, Albert Nicholas Thomas John Maria of Savoy
, house = Savoy
, father = Victor Emmanuel III of Italy
, mother = Princess Elena of Montenegro
, birth_date =
, birth_place = Racconigi, Piedmont, Kingdom of Italy
, dea ...
leaves the country and goes into exile in Portugal;
Alcide De Gasperi
Alcide Amedeo Francesco De Gasperi (; 3 April 1881 – 19 August 1954) was an Italian politician who founded the Christian Democracy party and served as prime minister of Italy in eight successive coalition governments from 1945 to 1953.
De Gasp ...
becomes
head of state
A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona who officially embodies a state Foakes, pp. 110–11 " he head of statebeing an embodiment of the State itself or representatitve of its international persona." in its unity and l ...
.
*
June 14
Events Pre-1600
* 1158 – The city of Munich is founded by Henry the Lion on the banks of the river Isar.
*1216 – First Barons' War: Prince Louis of France takes the city of Winchester, abandoned by John, King of England, and soo ...
– The
Baruch Plan
The Baruch Plan was a proposal by the United States government, written largely by Bernard Baruch but based on the Acheson–Lilienthal Report, to the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission (UNAEC) during its first meeting in June 1946. The United ...
is proposed to the United Nations.
*
June 17
Events Pre-1600
* 653 – Pope Martin I is arrested and taken to Constantinople, due to his opposition to monothelitism.
* 1242 – Following the Disputation of Paris, twenty-four carriage loads of Jewish religious manuscripts were bur ...
– Formal ratification of the
Treaty of London grants independence to the
Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan
Jordan ( ar, الأردن; Romanization of Arabic, tr. ' ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan,; Romanization of Arabic, tr. ' is a country in Western Asia. It is situated at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, and Europe, within the Levan ...
.
*
June 23
Events Pre-1600
* 229 – Sun Quan proclaims himself emperor of Eastern Wu.
* 1266 – War of Saint Sabas: In the Battle of Trapani, the Venetians defeat a larger Genoese fleet, capturing all its ships.
* 1280 – The Spanish Re ...
** The 7.5
Vancouver Island earthquake affects the island, with a maximum
Mercalli intensity
The Modified Mercalli intensity scale (MM, MMI, or MCS), developed from Giuseppe Mercalli's Mercalli intensity scale of 1902, is a seismic intensity scale used for measuring the intensity of shaking produced by an earthquake. It measures the eff ...
of VIII (''Severe''). Two people are killed.
**
1946 French India municipal election Elections to municipal councils in the 22 municipalities of French India were held by universal direct suffrage on June 23, 1946. The National Democratic Front captured power in all 22 municipalities, winning 101 out of 122 municipal seats up for e ...
: The
National Democratic Front wins a landslide victory.
*
June 25
Events Pre-1600
* 524 – The Franks are defeated by the Burgundians in the Battle of Vézeronce.
* 841 – In the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye, forces led by Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeat the armies of Lothair I of ...
– The
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) is an international financial institution, established in 1944 and headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States, that is the lending arm of World Bank Group. The IBRD offers l ...
(IBRD) (World Bank) begins operations.
*
June 30
Events Pre-1600
* 296 – Pope Marcellinus begins his papacy.
* 763 – The Byzantine Empire, Byzantine army of emperor Constantine V defeats the First Bulgarian Empire, Bulgarian forces in the Battle of Anchialus (763), Battle of Anc ...
– The
War Relocation Authority
The War Relocation Authority (WRA) was a United States government agency established to handle the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II. It also operated the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter in Oswego, New York, which was t ...
, which has administered the
internment of Japanese Americans
Internment is the imprisonment of people, commonly in large groups, without charges or intent to file charges. The term is especially used for the confinement "of enemy citizens in wartime or of terrorism suspects". Thus, while it can simply ...
, is abolished.
July
*
July 1
Events Pre-1600
* 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor.
* 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...
–
Nuclear testing
Nuclear weapons tests are experiments carried out to determine nuclear weapons' effectiveness, yield, and explosive capability. Testing nuclear weapons offers practical information about how the weapons function, how detonations are affected by ...
:
Operation Crossroads
Operation Crossroads was a pair of nuclear weapon tests conducted by the United States at Bikini Atoll in mid-1946. They were the first nuclear weapon tests since Trinity in July 1945, and the first detonations of nuclear devices since the ...
, a series of
nuclear weapon
A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or a combination of fission and fusion reactions ( thermonuclear bomb), producing a nuclear explosion. Both bom ...
tests conducted by the
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
at
Bikini Atoll
Bikini Atoll ( or ; Marshallese: , , meaning "coconut place"), sometimes known as Eschscholtz Atoll between the 1800s and 1946 is a coral reef in the Marshall Islands consisting of 23 islands surrounding a central lagoon. After the Second ...
in
Micronesia
Micronesia (, ) is a subregion of Oceania, consisting of about 2,000 small islands in the western Pacific Ocean. It has a close shared cultural history with three other island regions: the Philippines to the west, Polynesia to the east, and ...
, is initiated by the detonation of ''Able'' at an altitude of 520 feet (158 m).
![Operation Crossroads Baker Edit](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Operation_Crossroads_Baker_Edit.jpg)
*
July 4
Events Pre-1600
* 362 BC – Battle of Mantinea: The Thebans, led by Epaminondas, defeated the Spartans.
* 414 – Emperor Theodosius II, age 13, yields power to his older sister Aelia Pulcheria, who reigned as regent and proclaim ...
** After more than 48 years of American dominance, the
Philippines
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no),
* bik, Republika kan Filipinas
* ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas
* cbk, República de Filipinas
* hil, Republ ...
attains full independence as the 3rd Republic;
Manuel A. Roxas
Manuel Acuña Roxas (born Manuel Roxas y Acuña; ; January 1, 1892 – April 15, 1948) was a Filipino lawyer and politician who served as the fifth president of the Philippines, who served from 1946 until his death due to heart attacks in 194 ...
is 5th
President of the Philippines
The president of the Philippines ( fil, Pangulo ng Pilipinas, sometimes referred to as ''Presidente ng Pilipinas'') is the head of state, head of government and chief executive of the Philippines. The president leads the executive branch of t ...
.
** The
Kielce Pogrom
The Kielce pogrom was an outbreak of violence toward the Jewish community centre's gathering of refugees in the city of Kielce, Poland on 4 July 1946 by Polish soldiers, police officers, and civilians[Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...]
.
*
July 5
Events Pre-1600
* 328 – The official opening of Constantine's Bridge (Danube), Constantine's Bridge built over the Danube between Sucidava (Corabia, Romania) and Oescus (Gigen, Bulgaria) by the Roman Empire, Roman architect Theophilus Pa ...
– The
bikini
A bikini is a two-piece swimsuit primarily worn by women that features two triangles of fabric on top that cover the breasts, and two triangles of fabric on the bottom: the front covering the pelvis but exposing the navel, and the back coveri ...
is first modeled in Paris.
*
July 16
Events Pre-1600
* 622 – The beginning of the Islamic calendar.
* 997 – Battle of Spercheios: Bulgarian forces of Tsar Samuel are defeated by a Byzantine army under general Nikephoros Ouranos at the Spercheios River in Greece.
* 105 ...
– The
Bureau of Land Management
The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is an agency within the United States Department of the Interior responsible for administering federal lands. Headquartered in Washington DC, and with oversight over , it governs one eighth of the country's la ...
(BLM) within the
Department of the Interior
The United States Department of the Interior (DOI) is one of the executive departments of the U.S. federal government headquartered at the Main Interior Building, located at 1849 C Street NW in Washington, D.C. It is responsible for the mana ...
is formed by the merger of the
Grazing Service
The United States Grazing Service was a part of the United States Department of the Interior that managed grazing lands and carried out the Taylor Grazing Act, which leased public land for grazing. It was later merged with the General Land Offi ...
and
General Land Office
The General Land Office (GLO) was an independent agency of the United States government responsible for public domain lands in the United States. It was created in 1812 to take over functions previously conducted by the United States Department o ...
.
*
July 21
Events Pre-1600
* 356 BC – The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is destroyed by arson.
* 230 – Pope Pontian succeeds Urban I as the eighteenth pope. After being exiled to Sardinia, he became the ...
– An
Irgun
Irgun • Etzel
, image = Irgun.svg , image_size = 200px
, caption = Irgun emblem. The map shows both Mandatory Palestine and the Emirate of Transjordan, which the Irgun claimed in its entirety for a future Jewish state. The acronym "Etzel" i ...
bomb explodes in
Jerusalem
Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...
, due to secretive talks between Jews and Britain to consolidate the state of Israel.
*
July 22
Events Pre-1600
* 838 – Battle of Anzen: The Byzantine emperor Theophilos suffers a heavy defeat by the Abbasids.
*1099 – First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of J ...
–
King David Hotel bombing
The British administrative headquarters for Mandatory Palestine, housed in the southern wing of the King David Hotel in Jerusalem, were bombed in a terrorist attack on 22 July 1946 by the militant right-wing Zionist underground organization the ...
: The
Irgun
Irgun • Etzel
, image = Irgun.svg , image_size = 200px
, caption = Irgun emblem. The map shows both Mandatory Palestine and the Emirate of Transjordan, which the Irgun claimed in its entirety for a future Jewish state. The acronym "Etzel" i ...
bombs the
King David Hotel
The King David Hotel ( he, מלון המלך דוד, Malon ha-Melekh David; ar, فندق الملك داود) is a 5-star hotel in Jerusalem and a member of The Leading Hotels of the World. Opened in 1931, the hotel was built with locally qua ...
(headquarters of the British civil and military administration) in
Jerusalem
Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...
, killing 90.
*
July 25
Events Pre-1600
* 306 – Constantine I is proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops.
* 315 – The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum in Rome to commemorate Constantine I's victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge. ...
**
Nuclear testing
Nuclear weapons tests are experiments carried out to determine nuclear weapons' effectiveness, yield, and explosive capability. Testing nuclear weapons offers practical information about how the weapons function, how detonations are affected by ...
: In the first underwater test of the
atomic bomb
A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear bomb), producing a nuclear explosion. Both bomb ...
, the surplus is sunk near
Bikini Atoll
Bikini Atoll ( or ; Marshallese: , , meaning "coconut place"), sometimes known as Eschscholtz Atoll between the 1800s and 1946 is a coral reef in the Marshall Islands consisting of 23 islands surrounding a central lagoon. After the Second ...
in the Pacific Ocean, when the United States detonates the ''Baker'' device during
Operation Crossroads
Operation Crossroads was a pair of nuclear weapon tests conducted by the United States at Bikini Atoll in mid-1946. They were the first nuclear weapon tests since Trinity in July 1945, and the first detonations of nuclear devices since the ...
.
** At Club 500 in
Atlantic City
Atlantic City, often known by its initials A.C., is a coastal resort city in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States. The city is known for its casinos, Boardwalk (entertainment district), boardwalk, and beaches. In 2020 United States censu ...
,
New Jersey
New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York; on the east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on the west by the Delaware ...
,
Dean Martin
Dean Martin (born Dino Paul Crocetti; June 7, 1917 – December 25, 1995) was an American singer, actor and comedian. One of the most popular and enduring American entertainers of the mid-20th century, Martin was nicknamed "The King of Cool". M ...
and
Jerry Lewis
Jerry Lewis (born Joseph Levitch; March 16, 1926 – August 20, 2017) was an American comedian, actor, singer, filmmaker and humanitarian. As his contributions to comedy and charity made him a global figure in popular culture, pop culture ...
stage their first show as a
comedy
Comedy is a genre of fiction that consists of discourses or works intended to be humorous or amusing by inducing laughter, especially in theatre, film, stand-up comedy, television, radio, books, or any other entertainment medium. The term o ...
team.
** In the last mass lynching in the United States, a mob of white men
shoot and kill two
African-American
African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans and Afro-Americans) are an Race and ethnicity in the United States, ethnic group consisting of Americans with partial or total ancestry from sub-Saharan Africa. The term "African American ...
couples, near Moore's Ford Bridge in
Georgia
Georgia most commonly refers to:
* Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia
* Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States
Georgia may also refer to:
Places
Historical states and entities
* Related to the ...
.
August
*
August 1
Events Pre-1600
*30 BC – Octavian (later known as Augustus) enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Republic.
*AD 69 – Batavian rebellion: The Batavians in Germania Inferior (Netherlands) revolt under ...
- The
Scandinavian Airlines
Scandinavian Airlines, more commonly known and styled as SAS, is the flag carrier of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. ''SAS'' is an abbreviation of the company's full name, Scandinavian Airlines System or legally Scandinavian Airlines System Denmark ...
System is founded as a consortium of the
flag carrier
A flag carrier is a transport company, such as an airline or shipping company, that, being locally registered in a given sovereign state, enjoys preferential rights or privileges accorded by the government for international operations.
Hist ...
s of Sweden, Denmark and Norway.
*
August 3
Events Pre-1600
* 8 – Roman Empire general Tiberius defeats the Dalmatae on the river Bosna.
* 435 – Deposed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople Nestorius, considered the originator of Nestorianism, is exiled by Roman Emperor ...
–
Santa Claus Land
Santa Claus, also known as Father Christmas, Saint Nicholas, Saint Nick, Kris Kringle, or simply Santa, is a legendary figure originating in Western Christian culture who is said to bring children gifts during the late evening and overnigh ...
opens to the public at
Santa Claus, Indiana
Santa Claus is a town in Spencer County, Indiana, United States, in the southwestern part of the state. Located in Carter, Clay and Harrison Townships, it sits between Interstate 64 and the Ohio River and Owensboro. The population was 2,481 a ...
. It becomes the first themed park, preceding
Disneyland
Disneyland is a amusement park, theme park in Anaheim, California. Opened in 1955, it was the first theme park opened by The Walt Disney Company and the only one designed and constructed under the direct supervision of Walt Disney. Disney in ...
by 9 years, and is later renamed Holiday World.
*
August 4
Events Pre-1600
* 598 – Goguryeo-Sui War: In response to a Goguryeo (Korean) incursion into Liaoxi, Emperor Wéndi of Sui orders his youngest son, Yang Liang (assisted by the co-prime minister Gao Jiong), to conquer Goguryeo during th ...
– The
1946 Dominican Republic earthquake
__NOTOC__
The 1946 Dominican Republic earthquake occurred on August 4 at 17:51 UTC near Samaná, Dominican Republic. The mainshock measured 7.8 on the moment magnitude scale and 8.1 on the surface wave magnitude scale. An aftershock occurred fou ...
(magnitude 8.0) hits the northern Dominican Republic, killing 100 and leaving 20,000 homeless.
*
August 7
Events Pre-1600
* 461 – Roman Emperor Majorian is beheaded near the river Iria in north-west Italy following his arrest and deposition by the ''magister militum'' Ricimer.
* 626 – The Avar and Slav armies leave the siege of Co ...
– The
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
escalates the
Turkish Straits crisis through a diplomatic demand to Turkey.
*
August 16
Events Pre-1600
* 1 BC – Wang Mang consolidates his power in China and is declared marshal of state. Emperor Ai of Han, who died the previous day, had no heirs.
* 942 – Start of the four-day Battle of al-Mada'in, between the Hamdan ...
**
Direct Action Day
Direct Action Day (16 August 1946), also known as the 1946 Calcutta Killings, was a day of nationwide communal riots. It led to large-scale violence between Muslims and Hindus in the city of Calcutta (now known as Kolkata) in the Bengal prov ...
: Violence between Muslims and Hindus in
Calcutta
Kolkata (, or , ; also known as Calcutta , List of renamed places in India#West Bengal, the official name until 2001) is the Capital city, capital of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of West Bengal, on the eastern ba ...
begins "The Week of the Long Knives", which leaves 3,000 dead.
** The
All Hyderabad Trade Union Congress
The All Hyderabad Trade Union Congress (AHTUC) was a trade union centre in the Hyderabad State. Affiliated to the All India Trade Union Congress,Bhaskara Rao, V. Agrarian and Industrial Relations in Hyderabad State'. New Delhi: Associated Pub. H ...
is founded in
Secunderabad
Secunderabad, also spelled as Sikandarabad (, ), is a twin cities, twin city of Hyderabad and one of the six zones of the Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC) in the States and union territories of India, Indian state of Telangana. It ...
,
India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
.
** The
Kurdistan Democratic Party
The Kurdistan Democratic Party ( ku, Partiya Demokrat a Kurdistanê; پارتی دیموکراتی کوردستان), usually abbreviated as KDP or PDK, is the largest party in Iraqi Kurdistan and the senior partner in the Kurdistan Regional Gov ...
is founded in
South Kurdistan
Iraqi Kurdistan or Southern Kurdistan ( ku, باشووری کوردستان, Başûrê Kurdistanê) refers to the Kurdish-populated part of northern Iraq. It is considered one of the four parts of "Kurdistan" in Western Asia, which also incl ...
.
*
August 18
Events Pre-1600
* 684 – Battle of Marj Rahit: Umayyad partisans defeat the supporters of Ibn al-Zubayr and cement Umayyad control of Syria.
* 707 – Princess Abe accedes to the imperial Japanese throne as Empress Genmei.
*1304 & ...
– The
Vergarola explosion
The Vergarola Explosion (known in Italy as Vergarolla Massacre ) took place on 18 August 1946 when the sudden detonation of 12 large pieces of assorted ordnance, containing an estimated 9 tons of explosives, killed more than 100 people and inj ...
of ordnance in
Croatia
, image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg
, image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg
, anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland")
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, capit ...
kills 70.
*
August 30
Events Pre-1600
* 70 – Titus ends the siege of Jerusalem after destroying Herod's Temple.
* 1282 – Peter III of Aragon lands at Trapani to intervene in the War of the Sicilian Vespers.
* 1363 – The five-week Battle of Lake ...
–
Bell
A bell is a directly struck idiophone percussion instrument. Most bells have the shape of a hollow cup that when struck vibrates in a single strong strike tone, with its sides forming an efficient resonator. The strike may be made by an inter ...
's chief
test pilot
A test pilot is an aircraft pilot with additional training to fly and evaluate experimental, newly produced and modified aircraft with specific maneuvers, known as flight test techniques.Stinton, Darrol. ''Flying Qualities and Flight Testing ...
,
Jack Woolams
Jack Valentine Woolams (1917–1946) - was the senior experimental test pilot and later chief test pilot at Bell Aircraft during the introduction of the P-39, P-63, P-59, and X-1 aircraft. He set a world record for altitude and was the first pe ...
, dies in a plane crash while flying the
P-39 "Cobra I" over Lake Ontario preparing for an
air race
Air racing is a type of motorsport that involves airplanes or other types of aircraft that compete over a fixed course, with the winner either returning the shortest time, the one to complete it with the most points, or to come closest to a prev ...
the following day.
September
*
September 1
Events Pre-1600
* 1145 – The main altar of Lund Cathedral, at the time seat of the archiepiscopal see of all the Nordic countries, is consecrated.
* 1173 – The widow Stamira sacrifices herself in order to raise the siege of Ancon ...
–
1946 Turin Grand Prix
The 1946 Turin Grand Prix was a Grand Prix motor race held at Valentino Park on 1 September 1946. It is claimed to be the first ever Formula One
Formula One (also known as Formula 1 or F1) is the highest class of international racing for op ...
, the first official
Formula One ''Grand Prix'', is held in
Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...
.
*
September 2
Events
Pre-1600
*44 BC – Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion.
* 44 BC – Cicero launches the first of his ''Philippicae'' (oratorical attacks) on Mark Antony. He will make 14 of them ...
– The
Interim Government of India
The Interim Government of India, also known as the Provisional Government of India, formed on 2 September 1946 from the newly elected Constituent Assembly of India, had the task of assisting the transition of British India to independence. It ...
takes charge, with
Jawaharlal Nehru
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru (; ; ; 14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964) was an Indian anti-colonial nationalist, secular humanist, social democrat—
*
*
*
* and author who was a central figure in India during the middle of the 20t ...
as vice president, as part of the transition from the
British Raj
The British Raj (; from Hindi ''rāj'': kingdom, realm, state, or empire) was the rule of the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent;
*
* it is also called Crown rule in India,
*
*
*
*
or Direct rule in India,
* Quote: "Mill, who was himsel ...
to full independence for
India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
and
Pakistan
Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...
.
*
September 4
Events Pre-1600
* 476 – Romulus Augustulus is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself "King of Italy", thus ending the Western Roman Empire.
* 626 – Li Shimin, posthumously known as Emperor Taizong of Tang, assumes the throne ove ...
– Street violence between Muslims and Hindus erupts in
Bombay
Mumbai (, ; also known as Bombay — the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the ''de facto'' financial centre of India. According to the United Nations, as of 2018, Mumbai is the second- ...
.
*
September 8
Events Pre-1600
* 617 – Battle of Huoyi: Li Yuan defeats a Sui dynasty army, opening the path to his capture of the imperial capital Chang'an and the eventual establishment of the Tang dynasty.
* 1100 – Election of Antipope Theodor ...
–
Bulgaria
Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedon ...
is declared a
People's Republic
People's republic is an official title, usually used by some currently or formerly communist or left-wing states. It is mainly associated with Soviet republic (system of government), soviet republics, socialist states following People's democracy ...
after a
referendum
A referendum (plural: referendums or less commonly referenda) is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue. This is in contrast to an issue being voted on by a representative. This may result in the adoption of a ...
; King
Simeon II leaves.
*
September 19
Events Pre-1600
* 85 – Nerva, suspected of complicity of the death of Domitian, is declared emperor by Senate. The Senate then annuls laws passed by Domitian and orders his statues to be destroyed.
* 634 – Siege of Damascus: Th ...
– The Council of Europe is founded following a speech by Winston Churchill at the University of Zurich.
*
September 24
Events Pre-1600
*787 – Second Council of Nicaea: The council assembles at the church of Hagia Sophia.
*1568 – Spanish naval forces defeat an English fleet, under the command of John Hawkins, at the Battle of San Juan de Ulúa near ...
–
Cathay Pacific
Cathay Pacific Airways Limited (CPA), more widely known as Cathay Pacific (), is the flag carrier of Hong Kong, with its head office and main hub located at Hong Kong International Airport. The airline's operations and subsidiaries have sc ...
Airways is founded in
Hong Kong
Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China ( abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a city and special administrative region of China on the eastern Pearl River Delt ...
, by American
Roy Farrell
Roy Clinton Farrell (June 19, 1912 – January 3, 1996) was the American co-founder of Cathay Pacific Airways along with the Australian Sydney de Kantzow.
Early years
Farrell was born in Vernon, Texas. He went to China during World War II, and ev ...
and Australian
Sydney de Kantzow
Sydney Hugh ("Syd") de Kantzow (9 November 1914 – 21 November 1957) was the Australian co-founder of Cathay Pacific Airways with American Roy Farrell.
De Kantzow, the son of Charles Adolphus de Kantzow, was born to a family of Polish/Swedis ...
.
*
September 28
Events Pre-1600
*48 BC – Pompey disembarks at Pelusium upon arriving in Egypt, whereupon he is assassinated by order of King Ptolemy XIII.
* 235 – Pope Pontian resigns. He is exiled to the mines of Sardinia, along with Hippolytus ...
**
1946 Australian federal election
The 1946 Australian federal election was held in Australia on 28 September 1946. All 74 seats in the House of Representatives and 19 of the 36 seats in the Senate were up for election. The incumbent Labor Party led by Prime Minister Ben Chifley ...
:
Ben Chifley
Joseph Benedict Chifley (; 22 September 1885 – 13 June 1951) was an Australian politician who served as the 16th prime minister of Australia from 1945 to 1949. He held office as the leader of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) from 1945, follow ...
's
Labor
Labour or labor may refer to:
* Childbirth, the delivery of a baby
* Labour (human activity), or work
** Manual labour, physical work
** Wage labour, a socioeconomic relationship between a worker and an employer
** Organized labour and the labour ...
Government
A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state.
In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is a ...
is re-elected with a reduced majority, defeating the
Liberal
Liberal or liberalism may refer to:
Politics
* a supporter of liberalism
** Liberalism by country
* an adherent of a Liberal Party
* Liberalism (international relations)
* Sexually liberal feminism
* Social liberalism
Arts, entertainment and m ...
/
Country
A country is a distinct part of the world, such as a state, nation, or other political entity. It may be a sovereign state or make up one part of a larger state. For example, the country of Japan is an independent, sovereign state, while the ...
Coalition
A coalition is a group formed when two or more people or groups temporarily work together to achieve a common goal. The term is most frequently used to denote a formation of power in political or economical spaces.
Formation
According to ''A Gui ...
led by former
Prime Minister
A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is not ...
Robert Menzies
The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic "fame" and "bright" (''Hrōþiberhtaz''). Compare Old Dutch ''Robrecht'' and Old High German ''Hrodebert'' (a compound of ''Hrōþ, Hruod'' ( non, Hróðr) "fame, glory ...
. This is the first occasion where a Labor government successfully wins two elections in a row on a federal level, albeit with a swing against them; among the casualties are former Prime Minister
Frank Forde
Francis Michael Forde (18 July 189028 January 1983) was an Australian politician who served as prime minister of Australia from 6 to 13 July 1945. He was the deputy leader of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) from 1932 to 1946. He served as pri ...
. This is also the first election contested by the newly formed Liberal Party, which had replaced the
United Australia Party
The United Australia Party (UAP) was an Australian political party that was founded in 1931 and dissolved in 1945. The party won four federal elections in that time, usually governing in coalition with the Country Party. It provided two prim ...
as the main centre-right political party in Australia.
**
George II of Greece
George II ( el, Γεώργιος Βʹ, ''Geórgios II''; 19 July Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates">O.S.:_7_July.html" ;"title="Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="nowiki/>O.S.:_7_July">Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html"_;"title="nowiki/ ...
returns to
Athens
Athens ( ; el, Αθήνα, Athína ; grc, Ἀθῆναι, Athênai (pl.) ) is both the capital and largest city of Greece. With a population close to four million, it is also the seventh largest city in the European Union. Athens dominates ...
.
October
* October 1 – Mensa International, Mensa, an international organization for people with a high intelligence quotient (IQ), is founded by Roland Berrill, an Australian-born lawyer, and Dr Lancelot Ware, an English biochemist and lawyer, in Oxford.
* October 2 – Communists take over in
Bulgaria
Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedon ...
.
* October 6 – Sweden's Prime Minister Per Albin Hansson dies in office of a heart attack.
* October 10 – The Noakhali genocide of Hindus in Bengal begins, at the hands of Muslim mobs.
* October 11 – After a few days of vacancy, the Swedish premiership is taken over by Tage Erlander.
*
October 13
Events Pre-1600
* 54 – Roman emperor Claudius dies from poisoning under mysterious circumstances. He is succeeded by his adoptive son Nero, rather than by Britannicus, his son with Messalina.
* 409 – Vandals and Alans cross the Py ...
– France adopts the constitution of the French Fourth Republic, Fourth Republic.
* October 14 – The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is founded.
* October 15 – Nuremberg trials: Hermann Göring, founder of the Gestapo and recently convicted Nazism, Nazi war criminal, poisons himself two hours before his scheduled execution.
* October 16
** The remaining ten Nazi war criminals sentenced to death at the Nuremberg trials are executed by hanging, in a gymnasium in the Palace of Justice, Nuremberg.
** The
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...
' first meeting in Long Island is held.
* October 23 – The United Nations General Assembly convenes for the first time, at an auditorium in Flushing, Queens, New York City.
* October 24 – November 11 – 1946 Bihar riots: Hindu mobs target Muslim families in the Indian state of Bihar, resulting in anywhere between 2,000 and 30,000 deaths.
November
* November 4 – UNESCO is established, as a specialized agency of the
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...
.
* November 10 – At least 1,400 people are killed in an earthquake measuring 7.4 on the Richter magnitude scale, in the Ancash Region and Quiches District in Peru.
* November 12
** A truce is declared between Indonesian nationalist troops and the Dutch army, in
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
.
** In Chicago, a branch of the Exchange National Bank (now part of the LaSalle Bank) opens the first 10 drive-up teller windows.
* November 15 – The Netherlands recognizes the Republic of
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
.
* November 19
** Afghanistan, Iceland and Sweden join the
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...
.
** 1946 Romanian general election: The Romanian Communist Party wins 79.86% of the vote, through widespread intimidation tactics and electoral fraud.
* November 23
** Vietnamese riot in Haiphong and clash with French troops. The French cruiser ''Suffren'' opens fire, killing 6,000 Vietnamese.
** The Workers' Party of South Korea is founded.
* November 27 – Indian Prime Minister
Jawaharlal Nehru
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru (; ; ; 14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964) was an Indian anti-colonial nationalist, secular humanist, social democrat—
*
*
*
* and author who was a central figure in India during the middle of the 20t ...
appeals to the United States and the
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
to end nuclear testing and to start nuclear disarmament, stating that such an action would "save humanity from the ultimate disaster."
* November 29 – The SOBSI, All Indonesia Centre of Labour Organizations (SOBSI) is founded in Jakarta.
December
* December 1 – Miguel Alemán Valdés takes office as President of Mexico.
* December 2 – The International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling is signed in Washington, D.C., to "provide for the proper conservation of whale stocks and thus make possible the orderly development of the whaling industry" through establishment of the International Whaling Commission.
* December 7 – A Winecoff Hotel fire, fire at the Winecoff Hotel in Atlanta, United States, kills 119.
* December 11 – UNICEF (the United Nations Children's Emergency Fund) is founded.
* December 12
** The
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...
severs relations with Francisco Franco, Franco's Spain, and recommends that member countries sever diplomatic relations.
** Léon Blum founds a government of socialist parties in France.
**
Iran crisis of 1946
The Iran crisis of 1946, also known as the Azerbaijan Crisis () in the Iranian sources, was one of the first crises of the Cold War, sparked by the refusal of Joseph Stalin's Soviet Union to relinquish occupied Iranian territory, despite repeat ...
: Iranian troops recapture the Azerbaijan (Iran), Azerbaijan province.
* December 14
** The International Labour Organization becomes a specialized agency of the
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...
.
** Proposed United States purchase of Greenland#1946, Proposed United States purchase of Greenland from Denmark: An offer is made through diplomatic channels.
** Aspen Skiing Company opens Aspen Mountain (ski area) in Colorado with Ski Lift No. 1, at the world's longest chairlift at this time.
* December 15
** The first 1946 French India Representative Assembly election, French India Representative Assembly election is held.
**
Iran crisis of 1946
The Iran crisis of 1946, also known as the Azerbaijan Crisis () in the Iranian sources, was one of the first crises of the Cold War, sparked by the refusal of Joseph Stalin's Soviet Union to relinquish occupied Iranian territory, despite repeat ...
: Iranian troops recapture the Kurdish
Republic of Mahabad
The Republic of Mahabad or the Republic of Kurdistan ( ku, کۆماری کوردستان / Komara Kurdistanê; fa, جمهوری مهاباد) was a short-lived Kurdish self-governing unrecognized state in present-day Iran, from 22 January to 1 ...
.
* December 16 – Thailand, Siam joins the
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...
(changes its name to
Thailand
Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is bo ...
in 1949).
* December 19 –
Viet Minh
The Việt Minh (; abbreviated from , chữ Nôm and Hán tự: ; french: Ligue pour l'indépendance du Viêt Nam, ) was a national independence coalition formed at Pác Bó by Hồ Chí Minh on 19 May 1941. Also known as the Việt Minh Fro ...
forces begin a First Indochina War, war against French occupying forces in
Vietnam
Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...
, succeeding in 1954 with France's surrender at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu.
* December 20 – 1946 Nankai earthquake; At least 1,362 people are killed in an earthquake and associated tsunami in Japan.
* December 22 – The Havana Conference begins between U.S. organized crime bosses in Havana, Cuba.
* December 24 – France's French Fourth Republic, Fourth Republic is founded.
* December 25 – The first artificial, self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction in Europe is initiated, within the Soviet Union, Soviet (Russian) nuclear reactor F-1 (nuclear reactor), F-1.
* December 31 – U.S. President Harry S. Truman delivers Proclamation 2714, which officially ends hostilities in World War II.
Date unknown
* The cancelled 1946 FIFA World Cup.
* 8. March Female suffrage is enacted in Belgium,
Romania
Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...
,
Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia (; sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Jugoslavija, Југославија ; sl, Jugoslavija ; mk, Југославија ;; rup, Iugoslavia; hu, Jugoszlávia; rue, label=Pannonian Rusyn, Югославия, translit=Juhoslavija ...
, Argentina and the Canadian province of Quebec.
* The first female police officers are hired in Korea and Japan.
* The Chinese Civil War intensifies between the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party.
* The British government takes emergency powers to deal with the balance-of-payments crisis.
* Eva Perón tours Spain, Italy and France on behalf of Argentina, a circuit called the Rainbow Tour.
* The 20 mm M61 Vulcan Gatling gun contract is released.
* The Casio company is founded by engineer Tadao Kashio in Japan.
Births
January
![Gene Siskel at the 61st Academy Awards cropped](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Gene_Siskel_at_the_61st_Academy_Awards_cropped.jpg)
* January 1
** Alfonso Caruana, Italian mobster
** Roberto Rivelino, Brazilian football player
* January 3
** John Paul Jones (musician), John Paul Jones, English rock bassist (Led Zeppelin, Them Crooked Vultures)
** Cissy King, American dancer, singer
* January 4 – Diana Ewing, American actress
* January 5 – Diane Keaton, American actress, film director (''Annie Hall'')
*
January 6
Events Pre-1600
*1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will eve ...
– Syd Barrett, English rock guitarist, singer and songwriter (Pink Floyd) (d. 2006)
* January 8 – Robby Krieger, American rock musician (The Doors)
* January 9
** Levon Ter-Petrosyan, President of Armenia
** Mogens Lykketoft, Danish politician
*
January 10
Events Pre-1600
*49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war.
* 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and the be ...
** Kalidas Karmakar, Bangladeshi artist
** Ha Yu (actor), Ha Yu, Hong Kong actor
* January 12 – George Duke, African-American musician (d. 2013)
* January 14
** Feró Nagy, Hungarian singer
** Harold Shipman, British serial killer (d. 2004)
*
January 16
Events Pre-1600
* 27 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the Roman Empire.
* 378 – General Siyaj K'ak' conquers Tikal, enlarging the domain of King Spear ...
** Kabir Bedi, Indian actor
** Michael Coats, American astronaut
** Katia Ricciarelli, Italian singer
* January 18
** Paul Shmyr, Canadian former National Hockey League player (d. 2004)
** Joseph Deiss, Swiss Federal Councillor
*
January 19
Events Pre-1600
* 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to ''Augustus'', and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire.
* 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surrender ...
** Julian Barnes, English novelist
** Dolly Parton, American singer-songwriter, actress, businesswoman and philanthropist
*
January 20
Events Pre-1600
* 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution.
* 649 – King Chindasuinth, at the urging of bishop Braulio of Zaragoza, crowns his son Recceswinth as co-ruler of the Visigothic Kingdom.
* 1156 &ndas ...
– David Lynch, American film director
*
January 22
Events Pre-1600
* 613 – Eight-month-old Constantine is crowned as co-emperor (''Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople.
* 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated by the Danelaw Vi ...
** Malcolm McLaren, English singer, songwriter, musician and music manager (d. 2010)
** Serge Savard, Canadian hockey player, executive
* January 23 – Arnoldo Alemán, President of Nicaragua
* January 24 – Michael Ontkean, Canadian actor (''The Rookies'')
* January 25 – Géza Bereményi, Hungarian writer, screenwriter and film director
* January 26
** Gene Siskel, American film critic (''Sneak Previews'') (d. 1999)
** Michel Delpech, French singer, songwriter and actor (d.
2016
File:2016 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Bombed-out buildings in Ankara following the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt; the impeachment trial of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff; Damaged houses during the 2016 Nagorno-Karabakh ...
)
* January 27 – Nedra Talley, African-American singer (The Ronettes)
* January 29 – Bettye LaVette, African-American soul singer, songwriter
*
January 31
Events Pre-1600
* 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades.
* 1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on the t ...
– Terry Kath, American rock musician (Chicago (band), Chicago) (d. 1978)
February
![Alan Rickman cropped and retouched](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Alan_Rickman_cropped_and_retouched.jpg)
*
February 1
Events Pre-1600
* 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer.
* 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), Mon ...
– Elisabeth Sladen, English actress (d. 2011)
* February 2
** Isaias Afwerki, President of Eritrea
** Blake Clark, American actor, comedian
* February 5 – Charlotte Rampling, British actress
* February 6
** Kate McGarrigle, Canadian singer, songwriter (d. 2010)
** Jim Turner (politician), Jim Turner, American politician
* February 7
** Sammy Johns, American country music singer, songwriter (d. 2013)
** Pete Postlethwaite, English actor (d. 2011)
* February 9 – Seán Neeson, Northern Irish politician
* February 13
** Joe Estevez, American actor
** Colin Matthews, British composer
*
February 14
Events Pre-1600
* 748 – Abbasid Revolution: The Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad province Khorasan, marking the consolidation of the Abbasid revolt.
* 842 – Charles the Bald and Louis ...
** Bernard Dowiyogo, 7-time President of Nauru (d. 2003)
** Gregory Hines, African-American dancer, actor (d. 2003)
* February 16 – Marvin Sease, American blues, and soul singer-songwriter (d. 2011)
* February 19 – Karen Silkwood, American activist (d. 1974)
*
February 20
Events Pre-1600
*1339 – The Milanese army and the St. George's (San Giorgio) Mercenaries of Lodrisio Visconti clash in the Battle of Parabiago; Visconti is defeated.
*1472 – Orkney and Shetland are pawned by Norway to Scotland ...
** Brenda Blethyn, British actress
** Sandy Duncan, American singer, dancer, comedian and actress
** J. Geils, American guitarist (The J. Geils Band) (d. 2017)
* February 21
** Alan Rickman, English actor, film director (d.
2016
File:2016 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Bombed-out buildings in Ankara following the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt; the impeachment trial of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff; Damaged houses during the 2016 Nagorno-Karabakh ...
)
** Anthony Daniels, English actor
** Vito Rizzuto, Italian-Canadian mobster (d. 2013)
** Monica Johnson, American screenwriter (d. 2010)
** Tyne Daly, American actress (Cagney & Lacey)
* February 26 – Jiří Bělohlávek, Czech orchestral conductor (d. 2017)
* February 25
** Andrew Ang, judge of the Supreme Court of Singapore
** Franz Xaver Kroetz, German dramatist
** Jean Todt, French motorsport manager
* February 26 – Ahmed Zewail, Egyptian-born chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d.
2016
File:2016 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Bombed-out buildings in Ankara following the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt; the impeachment trial of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff; Damaged houses during the 2016 Nagorno-Karabakh ...
)
* February 27 – Alexandra Hamilton, Duchess of Abercorn, British aristocrat (d. 2018)
* February 28
** Don Ciccone, American singer, songwriter (The Critters) (d.
2016
File:2016 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Bombed-out buildings in Ankara following the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt; the impeachment trial of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff; Damaged houses during the 2016 Nagorno-Karabakh ...
)
** Robin Cook, British politician (d. 2005)
** Don Francisco (Christian musician), Don Francisco, American Christian musician
** Syreeta Wright, African-American singer, songwriter ("With You I'm Born Again") (d. 2004)
March
![Alejandro Toledo (8682)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Alejandro_Toledo_%288682%29.jpg)
* March 1
** Jan Kodeš, Czech tennis player
** Lana Wood, American actress, producer
*
March 4
Events Pre-1600
*AD 51 – Nero, later to become Roman emperor, is given the title '' princeps iuventutis'' (head of the youth).
* 306 – Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia.
* 852 – Croatian Knez Trpimir I issues a st ...
** Michael Ashcroft, English entrepreneur
** Haile Gerima, Ethiopian filmmaker
** Harvey Goldsmith, British impresario
*
March 5
Events Pre-1600
* 363 – Roman emperor Julian leaves Antioch with an army of 90,000 to attack the Sasanian Empire, in a campaign which would bring about his own death.
* 1046 – Nasir Khusraw begins the seven-year Middle Eastern ...
** Murray Head, English singer, actor
** Lova Moor, French singer, dancer
*
March 6
Events Pre-1600
* 12 BCE – The Roman emperor Augustus is named Pontifex Maximus, incorporating the position into that of the emperor.
* 632 – The Farewell Sermon (Khutbah, Khutbatul Wada') of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
* 845 & ...
** Larry Huber, American television producer, animator
** David Gilmour, English rock musician (Pink Floyd)
*
March 7
Events Pre-1600
* 161 – Marcus Aurelius and L. Commodus (who changes his name to Lucius Verus) become joint emperors of Rome on the death of Antoninus Pius.
* 1138 – Konrad III von Hohenstaufen was elected king of Germany at Cob ...
** John Heard (actor), John Heard, American actor (d. 2017)
** Okko Kamu, Finnish conductor, violinist
** Leandro Mendoza, Filipino politician (d. 2013)
** Peter Wolf, American rock musician (The J. Geils Band)
* March 10 – Mike Hollands, Australian animator
* March 12
** Frank Welker, American voice actor, singer
** Liza Minnelli, American singer, actress
* March 13 – Yonatan Netanyahu, American-born Israeli Army officer (d. in Operation Entebbe) (d. 1976)
* March 14
** Álvaro Arzú, 32nd President of Guatemala (d. 2018)
** Wes Unseld, American basketball player (d. 2020)
* March 15 – Bobby Bonds, American baseball player, manager (d. 2003)
* March 17 – Georges J. F. Köhler, German biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1995)
* March 18 – Larry Langford, American politician (d. 2019)
*
March 19
Events Pre-1600
* 1277 – The Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1277 is concluded, stipulating a two-year truce and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the Byzantine Empire.
*1279 – A Mongol victory at the Battle of Yamen ends ...
– Steve Halliwell, English actor
* March 21 – Timothy Dalton, Welsh actor
* March 25 – Cliff Balsom, English footballer
* March 26 – Gil Carlos Rodríguez Iglesias, Spanish judge (d. 2019)
* March 27
** Mike Jackson (left-handed pitcher), Mike Jackson, American baseball pitcher
** Miklós Lukáts, Hungarian politician (d. 2022)
* March 28 – Alejandro Toledo, 63rd President of Peru
*
March 29
Events Pre-1600
* 845 – Paris is sacked by Viking raiders, probably under Ragnar Lodbrok, who collects a huge ransom in exchange for leaving.
* 1430 – The Ottoman Empire under Murad II captures Thessalonica from the Republic of ...
** Segun Bucknor, Nigerian musician, journalist (d. 2017)
** Billy Thorpe, English-born Australian singer, songwriter (d. 2007)
* March 30 – Carolyn Simpson, judge of the Supreme Court of New South Wales
* March 31
** Gonzalo Márquez, Venezuelan Major League Baseball player (d. 1984)
** F'Murr, French comics artist (d. 2018)
April
![9](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/9.16.13BillPlymptonByLuigiNovi1.jpg)
*
April 1
Events Pre-1600
* 33 – According to one historian's account, Jesus Christ's Last Supper is held.
* 527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne.
*1081 – Alexios I Kom ...
– Ronnie Lane, English musician (Small Faces, Faces (band), Faces) (d. 1997)
* April 2 – Hamengkubuwono X, Sultan of the historic Yogyakarta Sultanate in
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
, the current Governor of Yogyakarta Special Region
*
April 3
Events Pre-1600
* 686 – Maya king Yuknoom Yich'aak K'ahk' assumes the crown of Calakmul.
* 1043 – Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England.
* 1077 – The Patriarchate of Friûl, the first Friulian state, is created ...
– Hanna Suchocka, Prime Minister of Poland
* April 4 – Dave Hill, English guitarist (''Slade'')
*
April 5
Events Pre-1600
* 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I.
* 919 – The second Fatimid invasion of Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, sets out from Raqqada at the head of his a ...
** Jane Asher, English actress
** János Bródy, Hungarian singer, guitarist, composer and songwriter
** Björn Granath, Swedish actor (d. 2017)
* April 7
** Colette Besson, French track and field athlete (d. 2005)
** Léon Krier, Luxembourgian architect
* April 8
** Catfish Hunter, American baseball player (d. 1999)
** Tim Thomerson, American actor and comedian
*
April 10
Events Pre-1600
* 428 – Nestorius becomes the Patriarch of Constantinople.
* 837 – Halley's Comet makes its closest approach to Earth at a distance equal to 0.0342 AU (5.1 million kilometres/3.2 million miles).
* 1407 ...
– David Angell, American television producer (d. 2001)
* April 11 – Chris Burden, American artist (d. 2015)
* April 12 – Ed O'Neill, American actor (''Married... with Children'')
* April 13 – Al Green, African-American singer, songwriter and record producer
* April 15 – Marsha Hunt (actress, born 1946), Marsha Hunt, American actress, singer and novelist
* April 16 – Margot Adler, American journalist
*
April 18
Events Pre-1600
* 796 – King Æthelred I of Northumbria is murdered in Corbridge by a group led by his ealdormen, Ealdred and Wada. The ''patrician'' Osbald is crowned, but abdicates within 27 days.
* 1428 – Peace of Ferrara betw ...
– Hayley Mills, English actress
* April 19 – Tim Curry, British actor, voice artist and singer (''The Rocky Horror Picture Show'')
* April 20
** Julien Poulin, Canadian actor
** Ricardo Maduro, President of Honduras
* April 22
** John Waters, American film director
** Paul Davies, English physicist
* April 24 – Phil Robertson, American businessman and reality television personality
* April 25
** John Fox (statistician), John Fox, British statistician
** Talia Shire, American actress (''Rocky'')
** Strobe Talbott, American journalist
** Vladimir Zhirinovsky, Russian politician (d. 2022)
* April 26
** Jennie Stoller, British actress (d. 2018)
** Richard S. Fuld Jr., American banker
*
April 28
Events Pre-1600
* 224 – The Battle of Hormozdgan is fought. Ardashir I defeats and kills Artabanus V effectively ending the Parthian Empire.
* 357 – Emperor Constantius II enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victory ...
– Larissa Grunig, American public relations theorist, feminist
*
April 29
Events Pre-1600
*1091 – Battle of Levounion: The Pechenegs are defeated by Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos.
* 1386 – Battle of the Vikhra River: The Principality of Smolensk is defeated by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and beco ...
– Franc Roddam, English film director, businessman, screenwriter, television producer and publisher
* April 30
** King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden
** Bill Plympton, American animator, graphic designer, cartoonist, and filmmaker
May
![Irena Szewinska 2007 AB](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Irena_Szewinska_2007_AB.jpg)
*
May 1
Events Pre-1600
* 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor.
* 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches.
* 1169 &ndas ...
– Joanna Lumley, English actress, author
* May 2
** Lesley Gore, American rock singer ("It's My Party (Lesley Gore song), It's My Party") (d. 2015)
** Ralf Gothóni, Finnish pianist, conductor and composer
* May 3 – Mohammed Ibrahim (businessman), Mohammed Ibrahim, businessman and philanthropist
* May 4 – John Watson (racing driver), John Watson, Northern Irish racecar driver
* May 5
** Jim Kelly (martial artist), Jim Kelly, African-American actor, martial artist and tennis player (d. 2013)
** Kebby Musokotwane, Prime Minister of Zambia (d. 1996)
** Beth Carvalho, Brazilian samba singer, guitarist and composer (d. 2019)
* May 6 – Daouda Malam Wanké, 6th President of Niger (d. 2004)
*
May 7
Events Pre-1600
* 351 – The Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus breaks out after his arrival at Antioch.
* 558 – In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses, twenty years after its construction. Justinian I imm ...
** Thelma Houston, African-American singer ("Don't Leave Me This Way")
** Bill Kreutzmann, American drummer (''Grateful Dead'')
** Michael Rosen, British novelist, poet
*
May 9
Events Pre-1600
* 328 – Athanasius is elected Patriarch of Alexandria.
*1009 – Lombard Revolt: Lombard forces led by Melus revolt in Bari against the Byzantine Catepanate of Italy.
*1386 – England and Portugal formally rati ...
– Candice Bergen, American actress
*
May 10
Events Pre-1600
* 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China.
*1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of Edw ...
** Donovan, Scottish rock musician ("Sunshine Superman (song), Sunshine Superman")
** Birutė Galdikas, Canadian anthropologist, primatologist, conservationist, ethologist and author
** Graham Gouldman, English songwriter, musician (10cc, Wax (pop band), Wax)
** Dave Mason, English rock musician (Traffic (band), Traffic)
** Murade Isaac Murargy, Mozambican diplomat, politician
* May 11 – Robert Jarvik, American physicist, artificial heart inventor
* May 12 – Richard Bruce Silverman, John Evans Professor of Chemistry at Northwestern University
* May 13 – Tim Pigott-Smith, English actor, author (d. 2017)
* May 16 – Robert Fripp, British musician
* May 17 – Udo Lindenberg, German musician
* May 18
** Reggie Jackson, American baseball player
** Andreas Katsulas, American actor (d. 2006)
* May 19
** André the Giant, French professional wrestler and actor (d. 1993)
** Claude Lelièvre, Belgian Commissioner for Children Rights
** Roger Sloman, English actor
* May 20
** Craig Patrick, American-Canadian hockey player, coach and manager
** Cher, American actress, rock singer
* May 22
** George Best, Northern Irish footballer (d. 2005)
** Howard Kendall, English footballer (d. 2015)
* May 23 – Frederik de Groot, Dutch actor
* May 24
** Tansu Çiller, Turkish politician, Prime Minister of Turkey
** Irena Szewińska, Polish Olympic sprinter (d. 2018)
** Nicolau dos Reis Lobato, East Timorese politician, acting President of East Timor (d. 1978)
*
May 26
Events Pre-1600
* 17 – Germanicus celebrates a triumph in Rome for his victories over the Cherusci, Chatti, and other German tribes west of the Elbe.
* 451 – Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sasanian Empire take ...
– Mick Ronson, English guitarist (d. 1993)
* May 28
** Bruce Alexander (actor), Bruce Alexander, English actor
** K. Satchidanandan, Malayalam poet
* May 29 – Fernando Buesa, Basque politician (d. 2000)
* May 30
** Dragan Džajić, Serbian footballer
** Candy Lightner, American founder of Mothers Against Drunk Driving
*
May 31
Events Pre-1600
* 455 – Emperor Petronius Maximus is stoned to death by an angry mob while fleeing Rome.
* 1223 – Mongol invasion of the Cumans: Battle of the Kalka River: Mongol armies of Genghis Khan led by Subutai defeat K ...
– Adriana Bittel, Romanian writer
June
![Gilda Radner - 1980](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Gilda_Radner_-_1980.jpg)
*
June 1
Events Pre-1600
*1215 – Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen people, Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, ending the Battle of Zhongdu.
*1252 – Alfonso X is pr ...
– Brian Cox (actor), Brian Cox, Scottish actor
*
June 2
Events Pre-1600
* 455 – Sack of Rome: Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks.
* 1098 – First Crusade: The first Siege of Antioch ends as Crusader forces take the city; the second siege began five days later. 1601 ...
** Peter Sutcliffe, English serial killer (d. 2020)
** Tomomichi Nishimura, Japanese voice actor
*
June 3
Events Pre-1600
* 350 – The Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman emperor, entering Rome at the head of a group of gladiators.
* 713 – The Byzantine Empire, Byzantine emperor Philippikos Ba ...
– Michael Clarke (musician), Michael Clarke, American musician (d. 1993)
* June 5 – Stefania Sandrelli, Italian actress
* June 7
** Jenny Jones (presenter), Jenny Jones, Palestinian-Canadian comedian, talk show hostess
** Zbigniew Seifert, Polish musician (d. 1979)
** Robert Tilton, American televangelist, author
*
June 8
Events Pre-1600
* 218 – Battle of Antioch: With the support of the Syrian legions, Elagabalus defeats the forces of emperor Macrinus.
* 452 – Attila leads a Hun army in the invasion of Italy, devastating the northern provinces ...
– Pearlette Louisy, Governor-General of St. Lucia
*
June 10
Events Pre-1600
* 671 – Emperor Tenji of Japan introduces a water clock ( clepsydra) called ''Rokoku''. The instrument, which measures time and indicates hours, is placed in the capital of Ōtsu.
*1190 – Third Crusade: Frederick I ...
– Fernando Balzaretti, Mexican actor (d. 1998)
* June 11 – Biancamaria Frabotta, Italian writer (d. 2022)
*
June 13
Events Pre-1600
* 313 – The decisions of the Edict of Milan, signed by Constantine the Great and co-emperor Licinius, Valerius Licinius, granting religious freedom throughout the Roman Empire, are published in Nicomedia.
*1325 – Ib ...
– Paul L. Modrich, American biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
*
June 14
Events Pre-1600
* 1158 – The city of Munich is founded by Henry the Lion on the banks of the river Isar.
*1216 – First Barons' War: Prince Louis of France takes the city of Winchester, abandoned by John, King of England, and soo ...
– Donald Trump, American businessman, television personality, 45th President of the United States
* June 15
** Noddy Holder, English rock singer (Slade)
** Janet Lennon, American singer (The Lennon Sisters)
** Demis Roussos, Greek singer (d. 2015)
*
June 17
Events Pre-1600
* 653 – Pope Martin I is arrested and taken to Constantinople, due to his opposition to monothelitism.
* 1242 – Following the Disputation of Paris, twenty-four carriage loads of Jewish religious manuscripts were bur ...
– Marcy Kaptur, U.S. Representative for the Ninth Congressional District of Ohio
* June 18
** Bruiser Brody, American professional wrestler (d. 1988)
** Russell Ash, British author (d. 2010)
** Fabio Capello, Italian football player, manager
* June 21
** Vincenzo Camporini, Italian Chief of the Defence General Staff
** Kiril Ivkov, Bulgarian football defender
* June 22
** Kay Redfield Jamison, American psychiatrist
** Fabio Enzo, Italian football player (d. 2021)
** Józef Oleksy, 7th Prime Minister of Poland (d. 2015)
*
June 23
Events Pre-1600
* 229 – Sun Quan proclaims himself emperor of Eastern Wu.
* 1266 – War of Saint Sabas: In the Battle of Trapani, the Venetians defeat a larger Genoese fleet, capturing all its ships.
* 1280 – The Spanish Re ...
– Ted Shackelford, American actor
* June 24
** Nguyễn Đức Soát, Vietnamese general
** Ellison Onizuka, American astronaut (d. 1986)
** Robert Reich, 22nd United States Secretary of Labor
*
June 25
Events Pre-1600
* 524 – The Franks are defeated by the Burgundians in the Battle of Vézeronce.
* 841 – In the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye, forces led by Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeat the armies of Lothair I of ...
** Pete Vanderwaal, Dutch engineer
** Henk van Kessel, Dutch road racer
* June 26
** Maria von Welser, German TV journalist, President of UNICEF Germany
** Anthony John Valentine Obinna, Nigerian priest
** Leo Rossi, American actor
** Ricky Jay, American actor, author, and magician (d. 2018)
* June 27 – Russ Critchfield, American basketball player
* June 28
** David Duckham, English rugby union player
** Gilda Radner, American comedian, actress (''Saturday Night Live'') (d. 1989)
** Jaime Guzmán, Chilean lawyer and senator, founder of the Independent Democratic Union (d. 1991)
* June 29
** Egon von Fürstenberg, Swiss fashion designer (d. 2004)
** Gitte Hænning, Danish singer
** Ram Gopal Yadav, Indian politician
** Ernesto Pérez Balladares, President of Panama
*
June 30
Events Pre-1600
* 296 – Pope Marcellinus begins his papacy.
* 763 – The Byzantine Empire, Byzantine army of emperor Constantine V defeats the First Bulgarian Empire, Bulgarian forces in the Battle of Anchialus (763), Battle of Anc ...
– Allan Hunter (footballer), Allan Hunter, Irish footballer, manager
July
![Danny Glover 2014](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Danny_Glover_2014.jpg)
*
July 1
Events Pre-1600
* 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor.
* 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...
** Alceu Valença, Brazilian composer, writer, performer, actor, and poet
** Mireya Moscoso, President of Panama
* July 2 – Richard Axel, American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
* July 3 – Leszek Miller, Prime Minister of Poland
*
July 4
Events Pre-1600
* 362 BC – Battle of Mantinea: The Thebans, led by Epaminondas, defeated the Spartans.
* 414 – Emperor Theodosius II, age 13, yields power to his older sister Aelia Pulcheria, who reigned as regent and proclaim ...
** Sam Hunt (poet), Sam Hunt, New Zealand poet
** Michael Milken, American financier
** Ed O'Ross, American actor
** Roy Cimatu, Filipino general
*
July 5
Events Pre-1600
* 328 – The official opening of Constantine's Bridge (Danube), Constantine's Bridge built over the Danube between Sucidava (Corabia, Romania) and Oescus (Gigen, Bulgaria) by the Roman Empire, Roman architect Theophilus Pa ...
** Gerard 't Hooft, Dutch physicist and academic, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate
** Ram Vilas Paswan, Indian politician
* July 6
** George W. Bush, 43rd President of the United States, 46th Governor of Texas
** Fred Dryer, American football defensive end, actor (''Hunter (1984 U.S. TV series), Hunter'')
** Tiemen Groen, Dutch cyclist
** Peter Singer, Australian philosopher
** Sylvester Stallone, American actor, screenwriter and film director (''Rocky'')
* July 7 – Tadeusz Nowicki, Polish tennis player
* July 8
** Massimo Vanni, Italian actor
** Daniela Beneck, Italian freestyle swimmer
* July 9
**Mitch Mitchell, English drummer (The Jimi Hendrix Experience) (d. 2008)
** Bon Scott, Australian rock singer (AC/DC) (d. 1980)
* July 10
** Oliver Martin (cyclist), Oliver Martin, American cyclist
** Sue Lyon, American actress (d. 2019)
* July 11
** Jean-Pierre Coopman, Belgian boxer
** Jack Wrangler, American porn star (d. 2009)
* July 12 – Ernesto Mahieux, Italian actor
* July 13
** João Bosco, Brazilian singer, songwriter
** Cheech Marin, Mexican-American actor, comedian (Cheech and Chong)
* July 14
** Vincent Pastore, American actor
** John Wood (actor, born 1946), John Wood, Australian actor
* July 15
**Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei
** Linda Ronstadt, American singer, songwriter ("You're No Good")
*
July 16
Events Pre-1600
* 622 – The beginning of the Islamic calendar.
* 997 – Battle of Spercheios: Bulgarian forces of Tsar Samuel are defeated by a Byzantine army under general Nikephoros Ouranos at the Spercheios River in Greece.
* 105 ...
** Toshio Furukawa, Japanese voice actor
** Dave Goelz, American puppeteer
** Monica Aspelund, Finnish singer
** Ron Yary, American football player
* July 17
** Claudia Islas, Mexican actress
** Alun Armstrong, English actor
* July 18 – Kanat Saudabayev, Kazakhstani politician
* July 19 – Ilie Năstase, Romanian tennis player
* July 20 – Htin Kyaw, 9th President of Myanmar
*
July 21
Events Pre-1600
* 356 BC – The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is destroyed by arson.
* 230 – Pope Pontian succeeds Urban I as the eighteenth pope. After being exiled to Sardinia, he became the ...
– Domingo Cavallo, Argentine economist, politician
*
July 22
Events Pre-1600
* 838 – Battle of Anzen: The Byzantine emperor Theophilos suffers a heavy defeat by the Abbasids.
*1099 – First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of J ...
** Danny Glover, African-American actor, film director and political activist
** Mireille Mathieu, French singer
** Petre Roman, 53rd Prime Minister of Romania
** Johnson Toribiong, 8th President of Palau
* July 23 – Sally Flynn, American singer
*
July 25
Events Pre-1600
* 306 – Constantine I is proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops.
* 315 – The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum in Rome to commemorate Constantine I's victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge. ...
– Rita Marley, Cuban-Jamaican singer
* July 27
** Gwynne Gilford, American actress
** Jacques Sylla, 12th Prime Minister of Madagascar (d. 2009)
* July 28 – Jonathan Edwards (musician), Jonathan Edwards, American singer, songwriter and guitarist
* July 29 – Ximena Armas, Chilean painter
* July 30
** Neil Bonnett, American race car driver (d. 1994)
** A. Rahman Hassan, Malaysian singer (d. 2019)
August
![Queen Anne-Marie of Greece 2 Allan Warren](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Queen_Anne-Marie_of_Greece_2_Allan_Warren.jpg)
*
August 1
Events Pre-1600
*30 BC – Octavian (later known as Augustus) enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Republic.
*AD 69 – Batavian rebellion: The Batavians in Germania Inferior (Netherlands) revolt under ...
** Mike Emrick, American sportscaster
** Sandi Griffiths, American singer
*
August 3
Events Pre-1600
* 8 – Roman Empire general Tiberius defeats the Dalmatae on the river Bosna.
* 435 – Deposed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople Nestorius, considered the originator of Nestorianism, is exiled by Roman Emperor ...
– Jack Straw, English politician
* August 5
** Reinhard Tritscher, Austrian alpine skier (d. 2018)
** Ron Silliman, American poet
** Loni Anderson, American actress (''WKRP in Cincinnati'')
** Shirley Ann Jackson, African-American President of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Chair of the President's Intelligence Advisory Board
* August 6 – Allan Holdsworth, British musician (d. 2017)
* August 8 – Ralph Gonsalves, 4th Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
* August 9 – Jim Kiick, American football player
* August 11 – Óscar Berger, 34th President of Guatemala
* August 12 – Terry Nutkins, English naturalist (d. 2012)
* August 13 – Janet Yellen, American Chair of the Federal Reserve
* August 14 – Dennis Hof, American brothel owner (d. 2018)
*
August 16
Events Pre-1600
* 1 BC – Wang Mang consolidates his power in China and is declared marshal of state. Emperor Ai of Han, who died the previous day, had no heirs.
* 942 – Start of the four-day Battle of al-Mada'in, between the Hamdan ...
**Masoud Barzani, Iraqi-Kurdish politician, President of Iraqi Kurdistan
**Lesley Ann Warren, American actress, singer
* August 17 – Drake Levin, American rock guitarist (Paul Revere & the Raiders) (d. 2009)
* August 19
** Charles Bolden, African-American astronaut
** Bill Clinton, 42nd President of the United States, 40th and 42nd List of governors of Arkansas, Governor of Arkansas
** Beat Raaflaub, Swiss conductor
* August 20
** Connie Chung, Asian-American reporter
** Ralf Hütter, German techno musician (Kraftwerk)
** N. R. Narayana Murthy, Indian businessman
* August 23
** Keith Moon, English rock drummer (The Who) (d. 1978)
** Raza Murad, Indian actor
* August 24 – John Grahl, British economist
* August 25
** Rollie Fingers, American baseball player
** Charles Ghigna, American poet, children's author
* August 26
** Valerie Simpson, African-American singer
** Mark Snow, American composer
** Zhou Ji (born 1946), Zhou Ji, education minister of the People's Republic of China
** Swede Savage, American race car driver (d. 1973)
* August 29
** Jean-Baptiste Bagaza, 2nd President of Burundi (d.
2016
File:2016 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Bombed-out buildings in Ankara following the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt; the impeachment trial of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff; Damaged houses during the 2016 Nagorno-Karabakh ...
)
** Bob Beamon, American athlete
** Demetris Christofias, 6th President of Cyprus (d. 2019)
** Leona Gom, Canadian novelist and poet
*
August 30
Events Pre-1600
* 70 – Titus ends the siege of Jerusalem after destroying Herod's Temple.
* 1282 – Peter III of Aragon lands at Trapani to intervene in the War of the Sicilian Vespers.
* 1363 – The five-week Battle of Lake ...
** Queen Anne-Marie of Greece
** Peggy Lipton, American actress and model (d. 2019)
* August 31
** Ann Coffey, Scottish politician
** Jerome Corsi, American political commentator and conspiracy theorist
** Tom Coughlin, American football player, coach, and executive
September
![Siimann Mart](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Siimann_Mart.IMG_2960.JPG)
*
September 1
Events Pre-1600
* 1145 – The main altar of Lund Cathedral, at the time seat of the archiepiscopal see of all the Nordic countries, is consecrated.
* 1173 – The widow Stamira sacrifices herself in order to raise the siege of Ancon ...
** Barry Gibb, English-born Australian singer (Bee Gees)
** Roh Moo-hyun, President of South Korea (d. 2009)
*
September 2
Events
Pre-1600
*44 BC – Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion.
* 44 BC – Cicero launches the first of his ''Philippicae'' (oratorical attacks) on Mark Antony. He will make 14 of them ...
** Luis Ávalos, Cuban-born American character actor (d. 2014)
** Billy Preston, African-American soul musician ("Nothing from Nothing (Billy Preston song), Nothing from Nothing") (d. 2006)
** Dan White, American politician, murderer (d. 1985)
* September 3
** John N. Abrams, American military officer (d. 2018)
** Francisco Trois, Brazilian chess player
*
September 4
Events Pre-1600
* 476 – Romulus Augustulus is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself "King of Italy", thus ending the Western Roman Empire.
* 626 – Li Shimin, posthumously known as Emperor Taizong of Tang, assumes the throne ove ...
** Gary Duncan, American rock guitarist (Quicksilver Messenger Service) (d. 2019)
** Greg Elmore, American rock drummer (Quicksilver Messenger Service)
* September 5
** Dennis Dugan, American actor, director
** Freddie Mercury, British-Indian singer, songwriter, pianist, frontman of the rock band Queen (band), Queen (d. 1991)
** Loudon Wainwright III, American songwriter, folk singer, humorist, and actor
* September 7
** Willie Crawford, American baseball player (d. 2004)
** Francisco Varela, Chilean biologist (d. 2001)
*
September 8
Events Pre-1600
* 617 – Battle of Huoyi: Li Yuan defeats a Sui dynasty army, opening the path to his capture of the imperial capital Chang'an and the eventual establishment of the Tang dynasty.
* 1100 – Election of Antipope Theodor ...
** Aziz Sancar, Turkish biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
** Wong Kan Seng, Singaporean business executive, former Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore
* September 9
** Doug Ingle, American rock vocalist (Iron Butterfly)
** Bruce Palmer, Canadian musician (Buffalo Springfield) (d. 2004)
* September 10
** Jim Hines, American athlete
** Don Powell, English rock drummer (Slade)
* September 12 – Neil Lyndon, British journalist, writer
* September 13 – Henri Kuprashvili, Georgian swimmer
* September 15
** Tommy Lee Jones, American actor (''Men in Black (1997 film), Men in Black'')
** Tetsu Nakamura, Japanese-Afghan physician (d. 2019)
** Oliver Stone, American film director, producer (''JFK (film), JFK'')
* September 16 – Camilo Sesto, Spanish singer-songwriter music producer and composer (d. 2019)
* September 18
** Peter Alsop, American musician
** Akira Kamiya, Japanese voice actor
*
September 19
Events Pre-1600
* 85 – Nerva, suspected of complicity of the death of Domitian, is declared emperor by Senate. The Senate then annuls laws passed by Domitian and orders his statues to be destroyed.
* 634 – Siege of Damascus: Th ...
– Connie Kreski, American model (d. 1995)
* September 20 – Dorothy Hukill, American politician (d. 2018)
* September 21
** Mikhail Kovalchuk, Russian physicist, official
** Moritz Leuenberger, Swiss Federal Councilor
** Richard St. Clair, American musician, composer
** Mart Siimann, Prime Minister of Estonia
* September 23 – Franz Fischler, Austrian politician
*
September 24
Events Pre-1600
*787 – Second Council of Nicaea: The council assembles at the church of Hagia Sophia.
*1568 – Spanish naval forces defeat an English fleet, under the command of John Hawkins, at the Battle of San Juan de Ulúa near ...
** Lars Emil Johansen, Prime Minister of Greenland
** María Teresa Ruiz, Chilean astronomer
* September 25
** Morari Bapu, Hindu Kathakaar
** Felicity Kendal, English actress
** Jerry Penrod, American bass player
* September 26
** Andrea Dworkin, American feminist, writer (d. 2005)
** Topo Igawa, Japanese actor
** Radha Krishna Mainali, Nepalese politician
** Christine Todd Whitman, American politician
*
September 28
Events Pre-1600
*48 BC – Pompey disembarks at Pelusium upon arriving in Egypt, whereupon he is assassinated by order of King Ptolemy XIII.
* 235 – Pope Pontian resigns. He is exiled to the mines of Sardinia, along with Hippolytus ...
– Jeffrey Jones, American actor
* September 29
** Shafie Salleh, Malaysian politician (d. 2019)
** Celso Pitta, Brazilian economist and politician (d. 2009)
* September 30
** Héctor Lavoe, Puerto Rican singer (d. 1993)
** Claude Vorilhon, French-born 'messenger' of Raëlism
** Fran Brill, Muppeteer
** Lee Yock Suan, Former Minister for Education of Singapore
October
![DHall by Matthew Becker](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/DHall_by_Matthew_Becker.jpg)
* October 2
** General Sonthi Boonyaratglin, President of the Council for National Security, Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Thai Army
** Marie-Georges Pascal, French actress
* October 3 – P. P. Arnold, American singer
* October 4
** Susan Sarandon, American actress
** Rhie Won-bok, South Korean artist
** Chuck Hagel, American politician, 24 United States Secretary of Defense
* October 6
** Lloyd Doggett, American politician
** Vinod Khanna, Indian actor, producer and politician (d. 2017)
* October 7
** Nader Al-Dahabi, Prime Minister of Jordan
** Catharine MacKinnon, American feminist
** Xue Jinghua, Chinese ballerina
* October 8
** Hanan Ashrawi, Palestinian scholar, legislator
** John T. Walton, American son of Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton (d. 2005)
* October 10
** Anne Boyd, Australian musician
** Mildred Grieveson, British writer
** Naoto Kan, 61st Prime Minister of Japan
** Charles Dance, English actor, screenwriter and film director
** Chris Tarrant, British radio, TV personality
* October 11
** Daryl Hall, American rock musician (Hall & Oates)
** Sawao Katō, Japanese gymnast
* October 12 – Drew Edmondson, American politician
*
October 13
Events Pre-1600
* 54 – Roman emperor Claudius dies from poisoning under mysterious circumstances. He is succeeded by his adoptive son Nero, rather than by Britannicus, his son with Messalina.
* 409 – Vandals and Alans cross the Py ...
** Edwina Currie, English politician
** Dorothy Moore, American singer
** Demond Wilson, African-American actor, minister (''Sanford and Son'')
* October 14
** Craig Venter, American biotechnologist
**Dan McCafferty, Scottish rock singer (d. 2022)
** François Bozizé, President of the Central African Republic
** Joey de Leon, Filipino actor, host
** Justin Hayward, English rock singer, songwriter (The Moody Blues)
* October 15
** Richard Carpenter (musician), Richard Carpenter, American pop musician, composer (The Carpenters)
** John Getz, American actor
* October 16
** Suzanne Somers, American actress, singer (''Three's Company'')
** Elizabeth Witmer, Dutch-born politician
* October 17
** Vicki Hodge, English actress, model
** Bob Seagren, American athlete, actor
* October 18
** James Robert Baker, American novelist, screenwriter
** Howard Shore, Canadian film composer
** Andrea Zsadon, Hungarian soprano
* October 19 – Philip Pullman, English author
* October 20
** Marty Gervais, Canadian writer
** Elfriede Jelinek, Austrian writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate
* October 21 – Lyn Allison, Australian politician
* October 22
** Eileen Gordon, British politician
** Richard McGonagle, American actor
* October 25 – Edith Leyrer, Austrian actress
* October 26 – Pat Sajak, American game-show host (''Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show), Wheel of Fortune'')
* October 27
** Leslie L. Byrne, American politician
** Steven R. Nagel, American astronaut (d. 2014)
** Ivan Reitman, Slovakian-born film director, producer (d. 2022)
* October 28
** John Hewson, Australian politician
** Sharon Thesen, Canadian poet
* October 29
** Peter Green (musician), Peter Green, British musician (d. 2020)
** Kathryn J. Whitmire, Texas politician; Mayor of Houston, Texas
* October 30
** Lynne Marta, American actress
** Andrea Mitchell, American journalist
* October 31 – Stephen Rea, Northern Irish actor
November
![Marina Abramović](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87._The_Cleaner_%2845524492341%29.jpg)
* November 1
** Ric Grech, British rock bassist (d. 1990)
** Lynne Russell, American newsreader
* November 2
** Giuseppe Sinopoli, Italian conductor, composer (d. 2001)
** Marieta Severo, Brazilian actress
* November 4
** Laura Bush, former First Lady of the United States
** Les Lannom, American actor, musician
** Robert Mapplethorpe, American photographer (d. 1989)
* November 5
** Herman Brood, Dutch artist (d. 2001)
** Loleatta Holloway, American singer (d. 2011)
** Gram Parsons, American musician (d. 1973)
* November 6 – Sally Field, American actress, singer (''The Flying Nun'')
* November 7 – Diane Francis, Canadian journalist
* November 8
** Stefan Weber (musician), Stefan Weber, Austrian singer (d. 2018)
** Stella Chiweshe, Zimbabwean musician
** John Farrar, Australian guitarist, singer and songwriter (The Shadows; Marvin, Welch & Farrar)
** Guus Hiddink, Dutch football player, manager
* November 10 – Alaina Reed Hall, American actress (d. 2009)
* November 12 – P. P. Arnold, English singer
* November 13 – Ohara Reiko, Japanese actress
* November 15
** Gwyneth Powell, British actress
** Sandy Skoglund, American photographer
* November 16
** Mahasti, Iranian singer (d. 2007)
** Terence McKenna, American writer, philosopher, ethnobotanist and shaman (d. 2000)
** Jo Jo White, American basketball player (d. 2018)
* November 17 – Petra Burka, Canadian figure skater
* November 18
** Andrea Allan, Scottish actress
** Alan Dean Foster, American novelist
* November 20
**Duane Allman, American rock guitarist, co-founder and leader of the Allman Brothers Band (d. 1971)
** Samuel E. Wright, American actor and singer (d. 2021)
* November 21
** Emma Cohen, Spanish actress
** Chaviva Hošek, Czech-born feminist
** Jacky Lafon, Belgian actress
** Marina Warner, English writer
* November 22
** Anne Wheeler, Canadian television, film director
** Aston Barrett, Jamaican reggae musician
* November 23
** Diana Quick, English actress
** Bobby Rush, African-American politician, activist and pastor
* November 24 – Ted Bundy, American serial killer (d. 1989)
* November 25
** Atiku Abubakar, 11th Vice President of Nigeria
** Marika Lindström, Swedish actress
* November 26 – Ottilia Borbáth, Romanian-born Hungarian actress
* November 27
** Richard Codey, American politician, 53rd Governor of New Jersey
** Ismaïl Omar Guelleh, 2nd President of Djibouti
** Nina Maslova, Russian actress
* November 28 – Regina Braga, Brazilian actress
* November 29
** Brian Cadd, Australian singer, songwriter
** Suzy Chaffee, American singer, actress
* November 30
** Marina Abramović, Yugoslavian performance artist
** Barbara Cubin, U.S. Congresswoman from Wyoming
December
![Jimmy Buffett 1](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Jimmy_Buffett_1.jpg)
* December 1 – Jonathan Katz, American comedian, actor and voice actor
* December 2 – Gianni Versace, Italian fashion designer (d. 1997)
* December 3
** Marjana Lipovšek, Slovenian singer, actress
** Joop Zoetemelk, Dutch cyclist
* December 4
** Sherry Alberoni, American actress, voice artist
** Yō Inoue, Japanese voice actress (d. 2003)
** Karina (Spanish singer), Karina, Spanish singer/actress
* December 5
** José Carreras, Spanish tenor
** Eva-Britt Svensson, Swedish politician
* December 6
** Roger Hoy, English footballer (d. 2018)
** Nancy Brinker, American health activist, diplomat
* December 8
** Jacques Bourboulon, French photographer
** John Rubinstein, American actor
** Sharmila Tagore, Indian actress
* December 9 – Sonia Gandhi, Indian politician
* December 10
** Chrystos, American poet
** Thomas Lux, American poet
* December 11
** Rhoma Irama, Indonesian dangdut musician, actor and politician
** Susan Kyle, American writer
** Ellen Meloy, American writer (d. 2004)
* December 12
** Emerson Fittipaldi, Brazilian racing car driver
** Gloria Loring, American singer
** Don Gummer, American sculpture, sculptor
* December 13
** Nicholas Kollerstrom, British writer
** Heather North, American television, voice actress (d. 2017)
* December 14
** Antony Beevor, English historian
** Jane Birkin, English actress, singer
** Patty Duke, American actress (d.
2016
File:2016 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Bombed-out buildings in Ankara following the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt; the impeachment trial of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff; Damaged houses during the 2016 Nagorno-Karabakh ...
)
** Lynne Marie Stewart, American actress
** Michael Ovitz, American talent agent, co-founded Creative Artists Agency
* December 16
**Benny Andersson, Swedish rock singer, songwriter (ABBA)
** Alice Aycock, American sculptor
** Trevor Pinnock, English harpsichordist, conductor
* December 17
** Eugene Levy, Canadian actor, comedian and director (''Second City Television'')
** Bel Mooney, English broadcast journalist
** Jayne Eastwood, Canadian actress, voice actress
** Suresh Oberoi, Indian actor
* December 18
** Steve Biko, South African anti-apartheid activist (d. 1977)
** Nina Škottová, Czech politician, member of the European Parliament
** Steven Spielberg, American film director (''Jaws (film), Jaws'')
* December 19
** Candace Pert, American neuroscientist
** Robert Urich, American actor (d. 2002)
* December 20
** Uri Geller, Israeli illusionist
** Sonny Perdue, American politician, 81st Governor of Georgia, 31st U.S. Secretary of Agriculture
** John Spencer (actor), John Spencer, American actor (d. 2005)
** Dick Wolf, American television producer
* December 21
**Brian Davison (cricketer), Brian Davison, Rhodesian cricketer, Tasmanian politician
** Carl Wilson, American musician (The Beach Boys) (d. 1998)
* December 23
** Edita Gruberová, Slovakian soprano (d. 2021)
** Susan Lucci, American actress (''General Hospital'')
** John Sullivan (writer), John Sullivan, English television scriptwriter (d. 2011)
* December 24
**Jan Akkerman, Dutch rock guitarist (Focus (band), Focus)
** Roselyne Bachelot-Narquin, French politician, member of the European Parliament
** Brenda Howard, American bisexual activist (d. 2005)
** Jeff Sessions, American politician, United States Attorney General
* December 25 – Jimmy Buffett, American rock singer, songwriter ("Margaritaville")
* December 27 – Janet Street-Porter, English broadcast journalist
* December 28
** Mike Beebe, American politician and attorney
** Edgar Winter, American rock musician ("Frankenstein (instrumental), Frankenstein")
* December 29
** Marianne Faithfull, English singer, actress
** Ruth Shady, Peruvian archaeologist
* December 30
** Patti Smith, American poet, singer
** Berti Vogts, German football player and manager
* December 31 – Diane von Fürstenberg, Belgian-American fashion designer
Date unknown
* Ali Abu Al-Ragheb, Prime Minister of Jordan
* Jang Song-thaek, North Korean politician (d. 2013)
* Miklós Lukáts, Hungarian politician (d. 2022)
* Afsaneh Najmabadi, Iranian historian, gender theorist
* Raul Bragança Neto, 8th Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (d. 2014)
Deaths
January
* January 3 – William Joyce, Irish-born American World War II Nazi propaganda broadcaster known as "Lord Haw-Haw" (executed) (b. 1906)
* January 4 – George Woolf, Canadian jockey (b. 1910)
* January 5 – Kitty Cheatham, American singer (b. 1864)
*
January 6
Events Pre-1600
*1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will eve ...
** Georg, Prince of Saxe-Meiningen (b. 1892)
** Slim Summerville, American actor (b. 1892)
* January 8 – Dion Fortune, British writer (b. 1890)
* January 9
** Countee Cullen, American poet (b. 1903)
** Nevil Macready, Sir Nevil Macready, British army general, police commissioner (b. 1862)
*
January 10
Events Pre-1600
*49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war.
* 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and the be ...
** László Bárdossy, Hungarian diplomat, politician and 33rd Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1890)
** Harry Von Tilzer, American songwriter (b. 1872)
* January 13 – Wilhelm Souchon, German admiral (b. 1864)
* January 15 – Karl Nabersberg, German youth leader (b. 1908)
* January 23 – Matteo Bartoli, Italian linguist (b. 1873)
* January 25 – Orishatukeh Faduma, American missionary (b. 1855)
* January 29
** Hideo Hatoyama, Japanese jurist (b. 1884)
** Harry Hopkins, American politician (b. 1890)
** Adriaan van Maanen, Dutch–born American astronomer (b. 1884)
*
January 31
Events Pre-1600
* 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades.
* 1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on the t ...
** Pietro Boetto, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and eminence (b. 1871)
** Luis Orgaz Yoldi, Spanish general (b. 1881)
February
![Imredybela](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Imredybela.jpg)
* February 2 – Rondo Hatton, American actor (b. 1894)
* February 5 – George Arliss, British actor (b. 1868)
* February 6
** Upendranath Brahmachari, Indian scientist (b. 1873)
** Oswald Kabasta, Austrian conductor (suicide) (b. 1896)
* February 8
** Felix Hoffmann, German chemist (b. 1868)
** Miles Mander, British actor (b. 1888)
* February 11 – Ludovic-Oscar Frossard, French socialist, communist politician (b. 1889)
* February 12 – George Dumas, French doctor, psychologist (b. 1866)
*
February 15
Events Pre-1600
* 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus
* 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia.
* 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tiberi ...
** Maliq Bushati, Albanian collaborator, 18th Prime Minister of Albania (b. 1880)
** Cornelius Johnson (athlete), Cornelius Johnson, American field athlete (b. 1913)
* February 17
** Dorothy Gibson, American actress (b. 1889)
** Benjamin I of Constantinople, Benjamin I, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople (b. 1871)
* February 19 – Rafael Erich, Finnish politician, professor, diplomat and 6th Prime Minister of Finland (b. 1879)
* February 21 – Theodore Stark Wilkinson, American admiral (b. 1888)
* February 23 – Tomoyuki Yamashita, Japanese general (executed) (b. 1885)
* February 25 – René Le Grèves, French cyclist (b. 1910)
* February 26 – Leo the Lion (MGM)#Jackie (1928–1956), Jackie, Nubian-born MGM lion (b. 1915)
* February 27 – James Cecil Parke, Irish rugby player, tennis player and golfer (b. 1910)
* February 28
** Béla Imrédy, Hungarian economist, politician and 32nd Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1891)
** Giuseppe Salvago Raggi, Italian diplomat (b. 1866)
March
![Barbu Stirbey](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Barbu_Stirbey.jpg)
* March 3 – Viktor Axmann, Yugoslav architect (b. 1883)
*
March 4
Events Pre-1600
*AD 51 – Nero, later to become Roman emperor, is given the title '' princeps iuventutis'' (head of the youth).
* 306 – Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia.
* 852 – Croatian Knez Trpimir I issues a st ...
** Bror von Blixen-Finecke, Danish big-game hunter (b. 1886)
** Martyrs of Albania, Catholics (executed)
*** Mark Çuni, seminarian (b. 1919)
*** Daniel Dajani, Jesuit priest (b. 1906)
*** Giovanni Fausti, Italian Jesuit priest (b. 1899)
*** Gjelosh Lulashi (b. 1925)
*** Qerim Sadiku (b. 1919)
*** Kolë Shllaku, friar (b. 1906)
*
March 6
Events Pre-1600
* 12 BCE – The Roman emperor Augustus is named Pontifex Maximus, incorporating the position into that of the emperor.
* 632 – The Farewell Sermon (Khutbah, Khutbatul Wada') of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
* 845 & ...
– Antonio Caso Andrade, Mexican philosopher (b. 1878)
*
March 9
Events Pre-1600
*141 BC – Liu Che, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China.
*1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg.
* 1226 – ...
– Adolfo Ferrata, Italian pathologist, hematologist (b. 1880)
* March 12
** Ferenc Szálasi, Hungarian military officer, Fascist politician and 37th Prime Minister of Hungary (executed) (b. 1897)
** Leonida Tonelli, Italian mathematician (b. 1885)
* March 13 – Werner von Blomberg, German field marshal (b. 1878)
* March 16
** José Júlio da Costa, Portuguese activist (b. 1893)
** Alladiya Khan, Indian singer (b. 1855)
* March 17 – Joseph de Pesquidoux, French writer (b. 1869)
*
March 19
Events Pre-1600
* 1277 – The Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1277 is concluded, stipulating a two-year truce and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the Byzantine Empire.
*1279 – A Mongol victory at the Battle of Yamen ends ...
– Augusto Nicolás Martínez, Ecuadorian agronomist, economist, geologist, researcher, educator and mountaineer (b. 1860)
* March 20 – Frederick M. Smith, American religious leader and author (b. 1874)
*
March 22
Events Pre-1600
* 106 – Start of the Bostran era, the calendar of the province of Arabia Petraea.
* 235 – Roman emperor Severus Alexander is murdered, marking the start of the Crisis of the Third Century.
* 871 – Æthelr ...
– Clemens August Graf von Galen, German Catholic Cardinal, Bishop of Münster (b. 1878)
* March 23
** Francisco Largo Caballero, Spanish politician, trade unionist and 66th Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1869)
** Gilbert N. Lewis, American chemist (b. 1875)
* March 24
** Alexander Alekhine, Russian chess player (b. 1892)
** Carl Schuhmann, German athlete (b. 1869)
** Barbu Știrbey, 30th Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1872)
* March 26 – Ezequiel Fernández, acting President of Panama (b. 1886)
*
March 29
Events Pre-1600
* 845 – Paris is sacked by Viking raiders, probably under Ragnar Lodbrok, who collects a huge ransom in exchange for leaving.
* 1430 – The Ottoman Empire under Murad II captures Thessalonica from the Republic of ...
– László Endre, Hungarian politician (b. 1895)
* March 31 – John Vereker, 6th Viscount Gort, British field marshal (b. 1886)
April
*
April 1
Events Pre-1600
* 33 – According to one historian's account, Jesus Christ's Last Supper is held.
* 527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne.
*1081 – Alexios I Kom ...
** Noah Beery, American actor (b. 1882)
** Edward Sheldon, American playwright (b. 1886)
* April 2 – Kate Bruce, American silent screen actress (b. 1858)
*
April 3
Events Pre-1600
* 686 – Maya king Yuknoom Yich'aak K'ahk' assumes the crown of Calakmul.
* 1043 – Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England.
* 1077 – The Patriarchate of Friûl, the first Friulian state, is created ...
** Alf Common, English footballer (b. 1880)
**
Masaharu Homma
was a lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. Homma commanded the Japanese 14th Army, which invaded the Philippines and perpetrated the Bataan Death March. After the war, Homma was convicted of war crimes relating ...
, Japanese general (executed) (b. 1887)
*
April 5
Events Pre-1600
* 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I.
* 919 – The second Fatimid invasion of Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, sets out from Raqqada at the head of his a ...
** Ion Boițeanu, Romanian general (b. 1885)
**Vincent Youmans, American composer (b. 1898)
* April 6
** Chief Thunderbird, Native American actor (b. 1866)
** James Young Deer, Native American film producer (b. 1876)
* April 7 – Padmanath Gohain Baruah, Indian novelist, poet and dramatist (b. 1871)
* April 8
** Bo Gu, 3rd General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (accident) (b. 1907)
** Patriarch Eulogius (Georgiyevsky), Eulogius (b. 1868)
* April 13 – William Henry Bell, English-born South African composer, conductor and lecturer.
*
April 14
Events Pre-1600
* 43 BC – Legions loyal to the Roman Senate, commanded by Gaius Pansa, defeat the forces of Mark Antony in the Battle of Forum Gallorum.
* 69 – Vitellius, commanding Rhine-based armies, defeats Roman emperor Otho ...
– Otto Dowling, United States Navy Captain (USN), Captain, 25th Governor of American Samoa (b. 1881)
* April 15
** Infanta Adelgundes, Duchess of Guimarães (b. 1858)
** C. W. A. Scott, English aviator (b. 1903)
*
April 17
Events Pre-1600
*1080 – Harald III of Denmark dies and is succeeded by Canute IV, who would later be the first Dane to be canonized.
*1349 – The rule of the Bavand dynasty in Mazandaran is brought to an end by the murder of Hasan ...
** Guido Calza, Italian archaeologist (b. 1888)
** Juan Bautista Sacasa, 20th President of Nicaragua (b. 1874)
* April 20 – Mae Busch, American actress (b. 1891)
* April 21 – John Maynard Keynes, British economist (b. 1883)
* April 22
** Lionel Atwill, British actor (b. 1885)
** Harlan F. Stone, United States Supreme Court/Chief Justice, Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1872)
*
April 28
Events Pre-1600
* 224 – The Battle of Hormozdgan is fought. Ardashir I defeats and kills Artabanus V effectively ending the Parthian Empire.
* 357 – Emperor Constantius II enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victory ...
– Robert Bartlett (explorer), Robert Bartlett, American explorer, and navigator (b. 1875)
* April 30 – Sava Athanasiu, Romanian geologist, paleontologist (b. 1861)
May
![Алексей Николаевич Бах](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%85.jpg)
*
May 1
Events Pre-1600
* 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor.
* 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches.
* 1169 &ndas ...
** Bill Johnston (tennis), Bill Johnston, American tennis champion (b. 1894)
** Israfil Mammadov, Soviet WWII heroine (b. 1919)
*
May 9
Events Pre-1600
* 328 – Athanasius is elected Patriarch of Alexandria.
*1009 – Lombard Revolt: Lombard forces led by Melus revolt in Bari against the Byzantine Catepanate of Italy.
*1386 – England and Portugal formally rati ...
– Léon Guillet, French metallurgist (b. 1873)
*
May 10
Events Pre-1600
* 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China.
*1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of Edw ...
– Emile de Cartier de Marchienne, Belgian diplomat (b. 1871)
* May 11 – Pedro Henríquez Ureña, Dominican essayist, philosopher, humanist and philologist (b. 1884)
* May 13 – Alexei Nikolaevich Bach, Soviet biochemist, revolutionary leader (b. 1857)
* May 16
** Bruno Tesch, German chemist, Nazi war criminal (executed) (b. 1890)
** Karl Weinbacher, German manager, war criminal (executed) (b. 1898)
* May 19
** Francesco Camero Medici, Italian diplomat (b. 1886)
** Ángel Ossorio y Gallardo, Spanish lawyer, statesman (b. 1873)
** Booth Tarkington, American novelist (b. 1869)
* May 20
** Jacob Ellehammer, Danish inventor (b. 1871)
** Enrico Gasparri, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal, archbishop (b. 1871)
* May 22 – Karl Hermann Frank, German Nazi official, war criminal (executed) (b. 1898)
* May 23 – Billy Sullivan (actor), Billy Sullivan, American actor (b. 1891)
*
May 26
Events Pre-1600
* 17 – Germanicus celebrates a triumph in Rome for his victories over the Cherusci, Chatti, and other German tribes west of the Elbe.
* 451 – Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sasanian Empire take ...
** Friedrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont (b. 1865)
** Joseffy, Austrian magician (b. 1873)
* May 27
** Claire Croiza, French soprano (b. 1882)
** Henri Hauser, French historian, geographer and economist (b. 1866)
* May 28 – Claus Schilling, German medical researcher and war criminal (executed) (b. 1871)
* May 29 – Cagnaccio di San Pietro, Italian painter (b. 1897)
* May 30
**Marcela Agoncillo, Filipino who sewed the first Filipino flag (b. 1860)
**
Louis Slotin
Louis Alexander Slotin (1 December 1910 – 30 May 1946) was a Canadian physicist and chemist who took part in the Manhattan Project. Born and raised in the North End of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Slotin earned both his Bachelor of Science and M ...
, Canadian physicist, chemist (b. 1910)
*
May 31
Events Pre-1600
* 455 – Emperor Petronius Maximus is stoned to death by an angry mob while fleeing Rome.
* 1223 – Mongol invasion of the Cumans: Battle of the Kalka River: Mongol armies of Genghis Khan led by Subutai defeat K ...
– Picoğlu Osman, Turkish kemenche player (b. 1901)
June
![Retrato del Presidente Juan Antonio R%C3%ADos](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Retrato_del_Presidente_Juan_Antonio_R%C3%ADos.jpg)
*
June 1
Events Pre-1600
*1215 – Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen people, Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, ending the Battle of Zhongdu.
*1252 – Alfonso X is pr ...
**
Ion Antonescu
Ion Antonescu (; ; – 1 June 1946) was a Romanian military officer and marshal who presided over two successive wartime dictatorships as Prime Minister and ''Conducător'' during most of World War II.
A Romanian Army career officer who made ...
, Romanian soldier, politician, 43rd Prime Minister of Romania and Romanian dictator (executed) (b. 1882)
** Leo Slezak, German tenor (b. 1873)
*
June 3
Events Pre-1600
* 350 – The Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman emperor, entering Rome at the head of a group of gladiators.
* 713 – The Byzantine Empire, Byzantine emperor Philippikos Ba ...
– Chen Gongbo, 2nd President of Republic of China during Nanjing regime (executed) (b. 1892)
* June 4 – Sándor Simonyi-Semadam, Hungarian politician, 26th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1864)
* June 5 – Maud Watson, British tennis player, first female Wimbledon champion (b. 1864)
* June 6
** Isidro Ancheta, Filipino painter (d. 1882)
** Gerhart Hauptmann, German writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1862)
* June 7 – Fabijan Abrantovich, Soviet civic, religious leader (b. 1884)
*
June 9
Events Pre-1600
* 411 BC – The Athenian coup succeeds, forming a short-lived oligarchy.
* 53 – The Roman emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia.
* 68 – Nero dies by suicide after quoting Vergil's ''Aeneid'', thus ending the J ...
–
Ananda Mahidol
Ananda Mahidol ( th, พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรเมนทรมหาอานันทมหิดล; ; 20 September 1925 – 9 June 1946), posthumous reigning title Phra Athamaramathibodin ( th, พระอั ...
(Rama VIII), Monarchy of Thailand, King of
Thailand
Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is bo ...
(assassinated) (b. 1925)
*
June 10
Events Pre-1600
* 671 – Emperor Tenji of Japan introduces a water clock ( clepsydra) called ''Rokoku''. The instrument, which measures time and indicates hours, is placed in the capital of Ōtsu.
*1190 – Third Crusade: Frederick I ...
– Jack Johnson (boxer), Jack Johnson, American boxer (b. 1878)
* June 11 – Juanita Breckenridge Bates, American minister (b. 1860)
* June 12 – Hisaichi Terauchi, Marshal of the Imperial Japanese Army (b. 1879)
*
June 13
Events Pre-1600
* 313 – The decisions of the Edict of Milan, signed by Constantine the Great and co-emperor Licinius, Valerius Licinius, granting religious freedom throughout the Roman Empire, are published in Nicomedia.
*1325 – Ib ...
– Charles Butterworth (actor), Charles Butterworth, American actor (b. 1896)
*
June 14
Events Pre-1600
* 1158 – The city of Munich is founded by Henry the Lion on the banks of the river Isar.
*1216 – First Barons' War: Prince Louis of France takes the city of Winchester, abandoned by John, King of England, and soo ...
** Jorge Ubico, Guatemalan army general, 21st President of Guatemala (b. 1878)
** John Logie Baird, British television pioneer (b. 1888)
** Edward Bowes, American radio personality (b. 1874)
* June 15 – João Batista Becker, German-born Brazilian Roman Catholic prelate, archbishop (b. 1870)
* June 18 – Eugen Hirschfield, Australian practitioner (b. 1866)
* June 19 – Theodor Wulf, German physicist, Jesuit priest (b. 1868)
* June 20 – Empress Wanrong of China (b. 1906)
*
June 23
Events Pre-1600
* 229 – Sun Quan proclaims himself emperor of Eastern Wu.
* 1266 – War of Saint Sabas: In the Battle of Trapani, the Venetians defeat a larger Genoese fleet, capturing all its ships.
* 1280 – The Spanish Re ...
– William S. Hart, American stage actor, silent film Western (genre), Western star, film director and writer (b. 1864)
* June 24 – Marian Bernaciak, Polish World War II heroine (b. 1917)
* June 27
** Juan Antonio Ríos, Chilean political figure, 24th President of Chile and World War II leader (b. 1888)
** Wanda Gág, American artist, author, translator and illustrator (b. 1893)
* June 28 – Antoinette Perry, American actress, director (b. 1888)
*
June 30
Events Pre-1600
* 296 – Pope Marcellinus begins his papacy.
* 763 – The Byzantine Empire, Byzantine army of emperor Constantine V defeats the First Bulgarian Empire, Bulgarian forces in the Battle of Anchialus (763), Battle of Anc ...
– Jelica Belović-Bernardzikowska, Yugoslav journalist, writer and journalist (b. 1870)
July
![Shefqet Verlaci](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Shefqet_Verlaci.jpg)
*
July 1
Events Pre-1600
* 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor.
* 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...
– Augustyn Józef Czartoryski, Polish nobleman (b. 1907)
* July 2
** Mary Alden, American stage, and screen actress (b. 1883)
** Albert Sechehaye, Swiss linguist (b. 1870)
* July 3 – Edoardo Bianchi, Italian entrepreneur, inventor (b. 1865)
*
July 4
Events Pre-1600
* 362 BC – Battle of Mantinea: The Thebans, led by Epaminondas, defeated the Spartans.
* 414 – Emperor Theodosius II, age 13, yields power to his older sister Aelia Pulcheria, who reigned as regent and proclaim ...
** Jenny-Wanda Barkmann, German Nazi overseer at Stutthof concentration camp (executed) (b. 1922)
** Elisabeth Becker, German Nazi overseer at Stutthof concentration camp (executed) (b. 1923)
** Wanda Klaff, German Nazi overseer at Stutthof concentration camp (executed) (b. 1922)
** Ewa Paradies, German Nazi overseer at Stutthof concentration camp (executed) (b. 1920)
** Gerda Steinhoff, German Nazi overseer at Stutthof concentration camp (executed) (b. 1922)
* July 7 – Federico Laredo Brú, 8th President of Cuba (b. 1875)
* July 8 – Orrick Glenday Johns, American writer (b. 1887)
* July 12
** Ray Stannard Baker, American journalist, author (b. 1870)
** Teresa Janina Kierocińska, Polish Discalced Carmelite nun and venerable (b. 1885)
* July 13 – Alfred Stieglitz, American photographer (b. 1864)
* July 15 – Benjamin W. Alpiner, American businessman and politician (b. 1867)
*
July 16
Events Pre-1600
* 622 – The beginning of the Islamic calendar.
* 997 – Battle of Spercheios: Bulgarian forces of Tsar Samuel are defeated by a Byzantine army under general Nikephoros Ouranos at the Spercheios River in Greece.
* 105 ...
– Raffaele Conflenti, Italian engineer, aircraft designer (b. 1889)
* July 17
** Consolata Betrone, Italian Franciscan mystic and servant of God (b. 1903)
** Florence Fuller, South African-born Australian artist (b. 1867)
** Kosta Mušicki, Yugoslav general (b. 1897)
** Campbell Tait, Governor of Southern Rhodesia (b. 1886)
* July 18
** Ehrhard Schmidt, German admiral (b. 1863)
** Alfons Tracki, Albanian priest (executed) (b. 1896)
* July 19 – George Mackenzie Brown, Canadian-born British publisher (b. 1869)
* July 20 – Shiro Kawase, Japanese admiral (b. 1889)
*
July 21
Events Pre-1600
* 356 BC – The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is destroyed by arson.
* 230 – Pope Pontian succeeds Urban I as the eighteenth pope. After being exiled to Sardinia, he became the ...
**Shefqet Vërlaci, Albanian politician, 12th Prime Minister of Albania (b. 1877)
** Gualberto Villarroel, 39th President of Bolivia (Lynching, lynched) (b. 1908)
**Arthur Greiser, German general (b. 1897)
*
July 22
Events Pre-1600
* 838 – Battle of Anzen: The Byzantine emperor Theophilos suffers a heavy defeat by the Abbasids.
*1099 – First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of J ...
– Edward Sperling, Russian-American-Jewish writer, Zionist (assassinated) (b. 1889)
* July 26 – Alexander Vvedensky (religious leader), Alexander Vvedensky, Soviet Russian Orthodox Church, Orthodox religious leader and blessed (b. 1889)
*
July 25
Events Pre-1600
* 306 – Constantine I is proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops.
* 315 – The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum in Rome to commemorate Constantine I's victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge. ...
– Harry Davis (gangster), Harry Davis, Canadian gangster (b. 1898)
* July 27
** Franz Anton Basch, German politician (b. 1901)
** Gertrude Stein, American writer (b. 1874)
* July 28 – Saint Saint Alphonsa, Anna Muttathupadathu, Indian Syro-Malabar Catholic and Eastern Catholic religious sister and saint (b. 1910)
* July 31 – Solomon Dias Bandaranaike, Ceylonese politician, Governor-General of Ceylon (b. 1862)
August
![H](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/H.G._Wells_by_Beresford.jpg)
*
August 1
Events Pre-1600
*30 BC – Octavian (later known as Augustus) enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Republic.
*AD 69 – Batavian rebellion: The Batavians in Germania Inferior (Netherlands) revolt under ...
– Andrey Vlasov, Soviet general, commander of the Russian Liberation Army (executed) (b. 1901)
* August 2 – Karl, Prince of Leiningen, German prince (b. 1898)
* August 5
** Otto Franke (sinologist), Otto Franke, German sinologist (b. 1863)
** Wilhelm Marx, German lawyer, politician and 17th Chancellor of Germany (German Reich), Chancellor of Germany (b. 1863)
* August 6
** Blanche Bingley, English tennis champion (b. 1863)
** Tony Lazzeri, American baseball player (New York Yankees), MLB Hall of Famer (b. 1903)
* August 8 – Maria Barrientos, Spanish opera singer (b. 1884)
* August 10 – Léon Gaumont, French film pioneer (b. 1864)
* August 11 – Giuseppe Pietri, Italian composer (b. 1886)
* August 12
** Inayatullah Khan, King of Afghanistan (b. 1888)
** Alfred Stock, German chemist (b. 1876)
* August 13
** H. G. Wells, British science fiction writer, historian (''The Time Machine'') (b. 1866)
** Émile Berlia, French politician (b. 1878)
*
August 16
Events Pre-1600
* 1 BC – Wang Mang consolidates his power in China and is declared marshal of state. Emperor Ai of Han, who died the previous day, had no heirs.
* 942 – Start of the four-day Battle of al-Mada'in, between the Hamdan ...
– Prince Fushimi Hiroyasu (b. 1875)
* August 17 – Channing Pollock (writer), Channing Pollock, American playwright (b. 1880)
* August 19 – Jules-Albert de Dion, French automobile pioneer (b. 1856)
* August 20 – "Rags" Ragland, American comedian, actor (b. 1905)
* August 22 – Döme Sztójay, 35th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1883)
* August 23 – Fulco Ruffo di Calabria, Prince Fulco Ruffo di Calabria (b. 1884)
* August 24 – James Clark McReynolds, American jurist (b. 1862)
* August 26 – Jeanie MacPherson, American actress (b. 1887)
* August 28
** Georgios Kafantaris, Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1873)
** Rudolph Lambart, 10th Earl of Cavan, British field marshal (b. 1865)
** Florence Turner, American actress (b. 1885)
* August 29 – John Steuart Curry, American painter (b. 1897)
September
![Don Francesco Bonifacio](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Don_Francesco_Bonifacio.jpg)
* September 3 – Paul Lincke, German composer (b. 1866)
*
September 4
Events Pre-1600
* 476 – Romulus Augustulus is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself "King of Italy", thus ending the Western Roman Empire.
* 626 – Li Shimin, posthumously known as Emperor Taizong of Tang, assumes the throne ove ...
- Nobu Shirase, Japanese army officer and Antarctic explorer (b. 1861)
* September 11 – Francesco Bonifacio, Italian Roman Catholic priest and blessed (killed in action) (b. 1912)
* September 13 – William Watt (Australian politician), William Watt, Australian politician, Premier of Victoria (b. 1871)
* September 16
** Henri Gouraud (general), Henri Gouraud, French general (b. 1867)
** James Hopwood Jeans, English physicist, astronomer and mathematician (b. 1877)
*
September 24
Events Pre-1600
*787 – Second Council of Nicaea: The council assembles at the church of Hagia Sophia.
*1568 – Spanish naval forces defeat an English fleet, under the command of John Hawkins, at the Battle of San Juan de Ulúa near ...
– Gustav Globočnik Edler von Vojka, Austro-Hungarian nobleman and field marshal (b. 1859)
* September 25 – Heinrich George, German actor (b. 1893)
* September 29 – Raimu, French actor (b. 1883)
* September 30 – Takashi Sakai, Japanese general (executed) (b. 1887)
October
![Bundesarchiv Bild 102-15607, Potsdam, Göring](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-15607%2C_Potsdam%2C_G%C3%B6ring.jpg)
* October 1
** Hiroshi Kawabuchi, Japanese politician (b. 1883)
** Lucy Wheelock, American early childhood education pioneer (b. 1857)
* October 2 – Ignacy Mościcki, Polish chemist, politician and 4th President of Poland (b. 1867)
* October 4 – Barney Oldfield, American race car driver, automobile pioneer (b. 1878)
* October 5
** István Bethlen, Hungarian aristocrat, statesman and 28th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1874)
** Alberto Marvelli, Italian member of the Roman Catholic action and blessed (b. 1918)
* October 6
** Per Albin Hansson, Swedish politician, 23rd Prime Minister of Sweden (b. 1885)
** Joseph Francis Sartori, American banker (b. 1858)
* October 8 – Agustín Parrado y García, Spanish Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1872)
* October 12 – Joseph Stilwell, American World War II general (b. 1883)
* October 15 – Hermann Göring, German Nazi Reichsmarschall (suicide) (b. 1893)
* October 16
** Nuremberg executions
*** Hans Frank, German Nazi Governor General of Poland (b. 1900)
*** Wilhelm Frick, German Nazi Minister of the Interior (b. 1877)
*** Alfred Jodl, German general, World War II Chief of the German armed forces (b. 1890)
*** Ernst Kaltenbrunner, German Nazi police general (b. 1903)
*** Wilhelm Keitel, German field marshal (b. 1882)
*** Joachim von Ribbentrop, German Nazi foreign minister (b. 1893)
*** Alfred Rosenberg, German Nazi ideologist (b. 1893)
*** Fritz Sauckel, German Nazi general plenipotentiary (b. 1892)
*** Arthur Seyss-Inquart, Austrian Nazi leader (b. 1892)
*** Julius Streicher, German Nazi propaganda publisher (b. 1885)
* October 20 – Igor Demidov, Soviet politician (b. 1873)
* October 23 – Francesco Carandini, Italian poet (b. 1858)
* October 24 – Kurt Daluege, German Nazi officer, SS general and police official, war criminal (executed) (b. 1897)
* October 27 - Nathan Francis Mossell, African-American physician (b. 1856)
November
* November 2 – John Barrett (bishop), John Barrett, British clergyman, Roman Catholic bishop and reverend (b. 1878)
* November 4 – Rüdiger von der Goltz, German general (b. 1865)
* November 5 – Joseph Stella, Italian-American painter (b. 1877)
* November 6 – Maria Innocentia Hummel, German Franciscan religious sister and blessed (b. 1909)
* November 7 – Henry Lehrman, American actor (b. 1886)
* November 10 – Baldassare Forestiere, Italian immigrant to America (b. 1879)
* November 11 – Nikolay Burdenko, Soviet surgeon, founder of Soviet neurosurgery (b. 1876)
* November 12 – Camillo Caccia Dominioni, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal, eminence (b. 1877)
* November 14 – Manuel de Falla, Spanish composer (b. 1876)
* November 18 – Donald Meek, British actor (b. 1878)
* November 24 – László Moholy-Nagy, Hungarian painter, photographer (b. 1895)
* November 25 – George Gandy, American entrepreneur (b. 1851)
* November 26 – Sultana Racho Petrova, Bulgarian memoirist (b. 1869)
* November 28 – Maria Izabela Wiłucka-Kowalska, Polish Roman Catholic religious leader, saint (b. 1890)
December
![W](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/W._C._Fields_1938.jpg)
* December 5 – Louis Dewis, Belgian Post-Impressionist Painting, painter (b. 1872)
* December 6 – Charles Stewart (premier), Charles Stewart, Canadian politician, Premier of Alberta (b. 1868)
* December 7
** Laurette Taylor, American actress (b. 1884)
** Sada Yacco, Japanese stage actress (b. 1871)
* December 10
** Walter Johnson, American baseball player (Washington Senators (1901–60), Washington Senators), MLB Hall of Famer (b. 1887)
** Damon Runyon, American writer (b. 1880)
* December 12
** Ben Carter (actor), Ben Carter, American actor (b. 1910)
** Renée Falconetti, French actress (b. 1892)
* December 14 – Tom Dowse, Irish major league baseball player in the 1890s (b. 1866)
* December 16 – Salman al-Murshid, Syrian religious leader, political figure (b. 1907)
* December 20 – Einosuke Harada, Japanese ophthalmologist (b. 1892)
* December 22 – Pierre Bénard, French journalist (b. 1898)
* December 23 – John A. Sampson, American gynecologist (b. 1873)
* December 25
** W. C. Fields, American actor, comedian (b. 1880)
** Henri Le Fauconnier, French painter (b. 1881)
* December 26 – Franjo Bučar, Yugoslav writer (b. 1866)
* December 27 – Pedro Mata Dominguez, Spanish novelist, playwright and poet (b. 1875)
* December 28
** Carrie Jacobs-Bond, American singer, songwriter (b. 1862)
** Francis Salabert, French publisher (b. 1884)
* December 29 – John Babington Macaulay Baxter, Canadian politician, 19th Premier of New Brunswick (b. 1858)
Nobel Prizes
* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – Percy Williams Bridgman
* Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – James B. Sumner, John Howard Northrop, Wendell Meredith Stanley
* Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Physiology or Medicine – Hermann Joseph Muller
* Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Hermann Hesse
* Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – Emily Greene Balch, John Mott
References
Further reading
* Goulden, Joseph C. ''The Best Years: 1945–1950'' (1976), popular social history of USA
* Hennessy, Peter. ''Never Again: Britain, 1945–1951'' (1994)), a scholarly survey.
* Kynaston, David. ''Austerity Britain, 1945–1951'' (2008
excerpt and text search a detaied social history.
* Sebestyen, Victor. ''1946: The Making of the Modern World'' (2015
excerpt* Weisbrode, Kenneth. ''The Year of Indecision, 1946: A Tour Through the Crucible of Harry Truman's America'' (2016
excerpt
External links
Newsreel May 23, 1946: Rail strike paralyzes the United StatesNewsreel May 29, 1946: End of U.S. coal strike
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