1917 in the United Kingdom

Events from the year 1917 in the United Kingdom. The year was dominated by the First World War.

Incumbents

* Monarch – George V
* Prime Minister – David Lloyd George ( Coalition)
* Parliament – 30th

Events

* January – J. R. R. Tolkien, on medical leave from the British Army at Great Haywood, begins writing ''The Book of Lost Tales'' (the first version of ''The Silmarillion''), starting with the " Fall of Gondolin"; thus Tolkien's mythopoeic Middle-earth legendarium is first chronicled in prose.
* 19 January – Silvertown explosion: a blast at a munitions factory in London kills 73 and injures over 400. The resulting fire causes over £2M-worth of damage.
* 25 January – armed merchantman is sunk by mines off Lough Swilly with the loss of 354 of the 475 aboard.
* 26 January – the sea defences at the village of Hallsands, Devon are breached, leading to all but one of the houses becoming uninhabitable.
* 1 February – Atlantic U-boat Campaign (World War I): Germany announces its U-boats will resume unrestricted submarine warfare, rescinding the ' ''Sussex'' pledge'.
* 2 February – bread rationing introduced.
* 21 February – Elder Dempster Line troopship is accidentally rammed by SS ''Darro'' off the Isle of Wight, killing 646, mainly members of the South African Native Labour Corps.
* February – formation of the Women's Land Army, superseding the Women's National Land Service Corps.
* March – establishment of the Imperial War Cabinet, a body composed of the chief British ministers and the prime ministers of the Dominions (Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa) to set policy.
* 11 March – World War I: British forces led by Sir Stanley Maude capture Baghdad, the southern capital of the Ottoman Empire.
* 17 March – World War I: Action of 17 March 1917 – German warships attack British naval patrols off the Goodwin Sands (sinking ) and shell Ramsgate and Margate.
* 26 March – World War I: First Battle of Gaza – British cavalry troops retreat after 17,000 Turks block their advance.
* 28 March – the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps founded.
* 5 April – Food Hoarding Order issued to prevent households from hoarding food in short supply.
* 20–21 April – World War I: Second Battle of Dover Strait: German torpedo boats raid the Dover Barrage.
* 6/7 May – World War I: bomb dropped on London by a fixed-wing aircraft (one death).
* 25 May – World War I: first daylight bombing raid on the UK by fixed-wing aircraft: 95 killed in Folkestone area.
* 4 June – the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is established as an order of chivalry by George V under letters patent.
* 7 June – World War I: Battle of Messines in Flanders opens with the British Army detonating 19 ammonal mines under the German lines, killing 10,000 in the deadliest deliberate non-nuclear man-made explosion in history, which can be heard in London.
* 13 June
** World War I: daylight bombing raid on London by fixed-wing aircraft: 162 killed.
** Ashton-under-Lyne munitions explosion: 43 killed.
* 1–7 July – first National Baby Week, a campaign for improved infant health.
* 9 July – HMS ''Vanguard'' is blown apart by an internal explosion at her moorings in Scapa Flow, Orkney, killing an estimated 843 crew with no survivors.
* 17 July
** King George V issues a Proclamation stating that the male line descendants of the British Royal Family will bear the surname Windsor.
** Winston Churchill is appointed Minister of Munitions.

* 31 July–10 November – World War I: Battle of Passchendaele ("Third Battle of Ypres"): Allied offensive in Flanders.
* July – first Cottingley Fairies photographs taken, apparently depicting fairies; a hoax not admitted by the child creators until 1981
* 1 August – Women's Forestry Service under Miss Rosamond Crowdy instituted under the Timber Supply Department of the Board of Trade.
* 2 August – Squadron Commander E. H. Dunning becomes the first pilot to land his aircraft on a ship when he lands his Sopwith Pup on in Scapa Flow but is killed five days later during another landing on the ship.
* 17 August – one of English literature's most important and famous meetings takes place when Wilfred Owen introduces himself to Siegfried Sassoon at Craiglockhart War Hospital in Edinburgh. Owen's war poems "Anthem for Doomed Youth" and "Dulce et Decorum est" are written at this time.
* 21 August – most provisions of Corn Production Act 1917 come into force. This guarantees minimum prices for wheat and oats and specifies a minimum wage for agricultural workers.
* 17 September – Constance Coltman becomes the first English woman ordained as a Christian minister in a mainstream denomination, the Congregational Church, at the King's Weigh House church in London.
* 1–4 October – White Lund explosions: blasts at National Filling Factory No. 13, a munitions works near Morecambe, kill 10.
* 5 October – Sir Arthur Lee donates the country house Chequers (in Buckinghamshire) to the nation; it is to be used as an official country residence for the Prime Minister, the first recognition in law that such an office exists.
* 19 October – World War I: Last major German Zeppelin raids: 11 airships spread across the country, killing 36 people, but 5 of the craft are lost on their return.
* November – World War I: Some British troops are moved to the Italian Front.
* 2 November – Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour makes the Balfour Declaration proclaiming British support for establishment of a homeland for the Jewish people in Palestine.
* 7 November – World War I: Third Battle of Gaza ends – British forces capture Gaza from the Ottoman Empire.
* 16 November – British troops occupy Tel Aviv and Jaffa in Palestine.
* 17 November – People's Dispensary for Sick Animals established by Maria Dickin.
* 20 November – World War I: Battle of Cambrai begins – British forces make early progress in an attack on German positions but are soon beaten back.
* 29 November – Women's Royal Naval Service established.
* 11 December – World War I: Battle of Jerusalem – General Edmund Allenby leads units of the British Egyptian Expeditionary Force into Jerusalem on foot following the Ottoman Empire's surrender of the city.
* 25 December – Dick, Kerr's Ladies F.C. plays its first match, in Preston, Lancashire.
* 31 December – World War I: British government imposes rationing of sugar (8 oz per person per week).

Undated

* Gay Crusader wins the English Triple Crown by finishing first in the Derby, 2,000 Guineas and St. Leger.
* Nuclear fission: Ernest Rutherford (at the Victoria University of Manchester) achieves nuclear transmutation, the first observation of a nuclear reaction, in which he also discovers and names the proton.
* Announced 12 November 1918; presented 1 June 1920 – Charles Glover Barkla wins the 1917 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his discovery of the characteristic Röntgen radiation of the elements."

Publications

* The anthology of British war poetry '' The Muse in Arms''.
* Joseph Conrad's novella '' The Shadow Line'' (in book form).
* Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes short story collection ''His Last Bow''.
* T. S. Eliot's poems '' Prufrock, and other observations''.
* Robert Graves' poems ''Fairies and Fusiliers''.
* Ivor Gurney's poems ''Severn and Somme''.
* Daniel Jones's ''An English Pronouncing Dictionary''.
* Siegfried Sassoon's ''The Old Huntsman, and Other Poems''.
* Edward Thomas's posthumous collection ''Poems'' (including " Adlestrop").
* Alec Waugh's controversial semi-autobiographical novel of life in a boys' school ''The Loom of Youth''.
* P. G. Wodehouse's short story collection '' The Man with Two Left Feet''.
* W. B. Yeats's poetry collection ''The Wild Swans at Coole''.

Births

* 1 January – Celia Whitelaw, Viscountess Whitelaw, noblewoman, horticulturist and philanthropist (died 2011)
* 4 January – Maurice Wohl, philanthropist (died 2007)
* 5 January – Lucienne Day, textile designer (died 2010)
* 9 January – Claud William Wright, civil servant and scientific expert (died 2010)
* 12 January
** Stella Cunliffe, statistician (died 2012)
** John Rennie, diplomat (died 2002)
* 16 January
** Leila Buckley, poet, novelist and translator (died 2013)
** Bill Lucas, British RAF officer, Olympic long-distance runner (d. 2018)
* 19 January
** Graham Higman, mathematician (died 2008)
** Nigel Nicolson, writer and politician (died 2004)
* 22 January – Guy Millard, diplomat (died 2013)
* 27 January – Tufton Beamish, Baron Chelwood, army officer and politician (died 1989)
* 1 February – Maurice Levitas, academic and communist (died 2001)
* 2 February – Mary Ellis, pilot (died 2018)
* 5 February
** Ruth Mott, television cook (died 2012)
** Cedric Smith, statistician (died 2002)
* 12 February – Denis Eadie, Scottish World War II army officer and Military cross recipient (died 2015)
* 18 February – Arthur Norman, industrialist (died 2011)
* 20 February – Frederick Page, aircraft designer (died 2005)
* 22 February – Jocelyn Herbert, stage designer (died 2003)
* 25 February – Anthony Burgess, author (died 1993)
* 2 March
** Laurie Baker, architect (died 2007)
** John Gardner, composer (died 2011)
* 6 March – Frankie Howerd, comedian and actor (died 1992)
* 7 March – Reginald Maudling, politician (died 1979)
* 10 March – Kenneth Boyd Fraser, virologist (died 2001)
* 12 March – Googie Withers, actress (died 2011)
* 13 March – Robert Mark, police officer (died 2010)
* 14 March – Alan Smith, World War II spitfire fighter ace (died 2013)
* 20 March
** Vera Lynn, singer (died 2020)
** Mona Moore, painter and illustrator (died 2000)
* 22 March
** W. Brian Harland, geologist (died 2003)
** Paul Rogers, actor (died 2013)
* 23 March
** Patricia Burke, actress and singer (died 2003)
** Josef Locke, born Joseph McLaughlin, Irish tenor (died 1999)
* 24 March – John Kendrew, molecular biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (died 1997)
* 25 March – Allan Cameron, Scottish soldier and curler (died 2011)
* 29 March – Ieuan Maddock, Welsh nuclear scientist (died 1988)
* 30 March – Alec Stock, footballer (died 2001)
* 1 April – Michel Donnet, military officer and RAF wing commander (died 2013)
* 4 April – Peter Olver, World War II fighter ace (died 2013)
* 6 April – Leonora Carrington, surrealist painter and fiction writer working in Mexico (died 2011)
* 9 April – Basil Mitchell, philosopher (died 2011)
* 13 April
** William Burley Lockwood, linguist (died 2012)
** Olivia Robertson, illustrator (died 2008)
** Jean Wilks

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