Events
Below, the events of
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
have the "WWI" prefix.
![HMS Formidable 1898](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/HMS_Formidable_1898.jpg)
January
*
January
January is the first month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and is also the first of seven months to have a length of 31 days. The first day of the month is known as New Year's Day. It is, on average, the coldest month of the ...
– British physicist Sir
Joseph Larmor
Sir Joseph Larmor (11 July 1857 – 19 May 1942) was an Irish and British physicist and mathematician who made breakthroughs in the understanding of electricity, dynamics, thermodynamics, and the electron theory of matter. His most influent ...
publishes his observations on "The Influence of Local Atmospheric Cooling on Astronomical Refraction".
*
January 1
January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...
** WWI: British
Royal Navy
The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against F ...
battleship
HMS ''Formidable'' is sunk off
Lyme Regis
Lyme Regis is a town in west Dorset, England, west of Dorchester and east of Exeter. Sometimes dubbed the "Pearl of Dorset", it lies by the English Channel at the Dorset–Devon border. It has noted fossils in cliffs and beaches on the Herita ...
,
Dorset
Dorset ( ; archaically: Dorsetshire , ) is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast. The ceremonial county comprises the unitary authority areas of Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole and Dorset (unitary authority), Dors ...
, England, by an
Imperial German Navy
The Imperial German Navy or the Imperial Navy () was the navy of the German Empire, which existed between 1871 and 1919. It grew out of the small Prussian Navy (from 1867 the North German Federal Navy), which was mainly for coast defence. Wilhel ...
U-boat
U-boats were naval submarines operated by Germany, particularly in the First and Second World Wars. Although at times they were efficient fleet weapons against enemy naval warships, they were most effectively used in an economic warfare role ...
, with the loss of 547 crew.
**
Battle of Broken Hill
The Battle of Broken Hill was a fatal incident which took place in Australia near Broken Hill, New South Wales, on 1 January 1915. Two men shot dead four people and wounded seven more, before being killed by police and military officers. Thou ...
: A train ambush near
Broken Hill, New South Wales
Broken Hill is an inland mining city in the far west of outback New South Wales, Australia. It is near the border with South Australia on the crossing of the Barrier Highway (A32) and the Silver City Highway (B79), in the Barrier Range. It is ...
, Australia, is carried out by two men (claiming to be in support of the
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
) who are killed, together with 4 civilians.
*
January 5
Events Pre-1600
*1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Duchy of Burgundy, Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France.
1601–1900
*1675 – Battle of Turckh ...
–
Joseph E. Carberry
Joseph Eugene Carberry (July 20, 1887 – November 12, 1961) was a pioneer aviator. He won the Mackay Trophy in 1913 with Fred Seydel.
Biography
He was born on July 20, 1887, to John M. Carberry in Waukesha, Wisconsin. He graduated from West Poi ...
sets an altitude record of , carrying Capt. Benjamin Delahauf Foulois as a passenger, in a fixed-wing aircraft.
*
January 12
Events Pre-1600
* 475 – Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus gains control of the empire.
*1528 – Gustav I of Sweden is crowned King of Sweden, having already reigned s ...
** The
United States House of Representatives
The United States House of Representatives, often referred to as the House of Representatives, the U.S. House, or simply the House, is the Lower house, lower chamber of the United States Congress, with the United States Senate, Senate being ...
rejects a proposal to give women the right to vote.
** ''
A Fool There Was A Fool There Was may refer to:
* ''A Fool There Was'' (1914 film) or ''She Wanted a Car'', a comedy directed by Frank Griffin and featuring Oliver Hardy
* ''A Fool There Was'' (1915 film), a melodrama directed by Frank Powell and starring Theda B ...
'' premières in the United States, starring
Theda Bara as a ''
femme fatale
A ''femme fatale'' ( or ; ), sometimes called a maneater or vamp, is a stock character of a mysterious, beautiful, and seductive woman whose charms ensnare her lovers, often leading them into compromising, deadly traps. She is an archetype of ...
''; she quickly becomes one of early cinema's most sensational stars.
*
January 17
Events Pre-1600
* 38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey.
* 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 people on ...
– WWI: Caucasus Campaign –
Battle of Sarikamish
The Battle of Sarikamish (''Sarighamishi chakatamart''), russian: Сражение при Сарыкамыше; tr, Sarıkamış Harekatı, lit=''Operation Sarıkamış'' was an engagement between the Russian and Ottoman empires during World W ...
: Russia defeats Ottoman Turkey.
*
January 18
Events Pre-1600
* 474 – Seven-year-old Leo II succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I as Byzantine emperor. He dies ten months later.
* 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople fail.
* 1126 – Emperor Huizong abdicates the Chi ...
–
Twenty-One Demands
The Twenty-One Demands ( ja, 対華21ヶ条要求, Taika Nijūikkajō Yōkyū; ) was a set of demands made during the First World War by the Empire of Japan under Prime Minister Ōkuma Shigenobu to the government of the Republic of China on 18 ...
from
Japan
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...
to
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
are made.
*
January 19
Events Pre-1600
* 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to ''Augustus'', and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire.
* 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surrender ...
**
Georges Claude
Georges Claude (24 September 187023 May 1960) was a French engineer and inventor. He is noted for his early work on the industrial liquefaction of air, for the invention and commercialization of neon lighting, and for a large experiment on genera ...
patents the
neon discharge tube
A gas-filled tube, also commonly known as a discharge tube or formerly as a Plücker tube, is an arrangement of electrodes in a gas within an insulating, temperature-resistant envelope. Gas-filled tubes exploit phenomena related to electric d ...
for use in advertising.
** WWI: German
Zeppelin
A Zeppelin is a type of rigid airship named after the German inventor Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin () who pioneered rigid airship development at the beginning of the 20th century. Zeppelin's notions were first formulated in 1874Eckener 1938, pp ...
s bomb the coastal towns of
Great Yarmouth
Great Yarmouth (), often called Yarmouth, is a seaside town and unparished area in, and the main administrative centre of, the Borough of Great Yarmouth in Norfolk, England; it straddles the River Yare and is located east of Norwich. A pop ...
and
King's Lynn
King's Lynn, known until 1537 as Bishop's Lynn and colloquially as Lynn, is a port and market town in the borough of King's Lynn and West Norfolk in the county of Norfolk, England. It is located north of London, north-east of Peterborough, no ...
in England for the first time, killing more than 20.
*
January 21
Events Pre-1600
* 763 – Following the Battle of Bakhamra between Alids and Abbasids near Kufa, the Alid rebellion ends with the death of Ibrahim, brother of Isa ibn Musa.
* 1525 – The Swiss Anabaptist Movement is founded when Co ...
–
Kiwanis
Kiwanis International ( ) is an international service club founded in 1915 in Detroit, Michigan. It is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, and is found in more than 80 nations and geographic areas. Since 1987, the organizatio ...
is founded in
Detroit
Detroit ( , ; , ) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is also the largest U.S. city on the United States–Canada border, and the seat of government of Wayne County. The City of Detroit had a population of 639,111 at th ...
, Michigan, as The Supreme Lodge Benevolent Order Brothers.
*
January 23
Events Pre-1600
* 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor.
* 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao.
*1264 & ...
–
Chilembwe uprising
The Chilembwe uprising was a rebellion against British colonial rule in Nyasaland (modern-day Malawi) which took place in January 1915. It was led by John Chilembwe, an American-educated Baptist minister. Based around his Church in the village ...
:
Baptist
Baptists form a major branch of Protestantism distinguished by baptizing professing Christian believers only (believer's baptism), and doing so by complete immersion. Baptist churches also generally subscribe to the doctrines of soul compete ...
minister
John Chilembwe
John Chilembwe (June 1871 – 3 February 1915) was a Baptist pastor, educator and revolutionary who trained as a minister in the United States, returning to Nyasaland in 1901. He was an early figure in the resistance to colonialism in Nyasaland ...
initiates an ultimately unsuccessful uprising against British colonial rule in
Nyasaland (modern-day
Malawi
Malawi (; or aláwi Tumbuka: ''Malaŵi''), officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in Southeastern Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland. It is bordered by Zambia to the west, Tanzania to the north and northeast ...
).
*
January 24
Events Pre-1600
* 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula.
* 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt.
*1438 – The Cou ...
– WWI:
Battle of Dogger Bank: The
British Grand Fleet
The Grand Fleet was the main battlefleet of the Royal Navy during the First World War. It was established in August 1914 and disbanded in April 1919. Its main base was Scapa Flow in the Orkney Islands.
History
Formed in August 1914 from the ...
defeats the
German High Seas Fleet
The High Seas Fleet (''Hochseeflotte'') was the battle fleet of the German Empire, German German Imperial Navy, Imperial Navy and saw action during the World War I, First World War. The formation was created in February 1907, when the Home Fleet ...
, sinking the armoured cruiser .
*
January 25
Events Pre-1600
* 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate.
* 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dynasty ...
- The first United States coast-to-coast
long-distance telephone call
In telecommunications, a long-distance call (U.S.) or trunk call (also known as a toll call in the U.K. ) is a telephone call made to a location outside a defined local calling area. Long-distance calls are typically charged a higher billing rate ...
is facilitated by a newly invented vacuum tube amplifier, ceremonially inaugurated by
Alexander Graham Bell
Alexander Graham Bell (, born Alexander Bell; March 3, 1847 – August 2, 1922) was a Scottish-born inventor, scientist and engineer who is credited with patenting the first practical telephone. He also co-founded the American Telephone and Te ...
in New York City and his former assistant
Thomas A. Watson
Thomas Augustus Watson (January 18, 1854 – December 13, 1934) was an assistant to Alexander Graham Bell, notably in the invention of the telephone in 1876.
Life and work
Born in Salem, Massachusetts, United States Watson was a bookkeeper and ...
, in San Francisco, California.
*
January 26
Events Pre-1600
* 661 – The Rashidun Caliphate is effectively ended with the assassination of Ali, the last caliph.
*1531 – The 6.4–7.1 1531 Lisbon earthquake, Lisbon earthquake kills about thirty thousand people.
*1564 – ...
** WWI: The
Ottoman Army begins the
Raid on the Suez Canal
The Raid on the Suez Canal, also known as Actions on the Suez Canal, took place between 26 January and 4 February 1915 when a German Empire, German-led Ottoman Army force advanced from Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem, Southern Palestine to attack the ...
.
** The
Rocky Mountain National Park
Rocky Mountain National Park is an American national park located approximately northwest of Denver in north-central Colorado, within the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. The park is situated between the towns of Estes Park to the east and ...
is established by an act of the
United States Congress
The United States Congress is the legislature of the federal government of the United States. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, and an upper body, the Senate. It meets in the U.S. Capitol in Washing ...
.
*
January 27
Events Pre-1600
* 98 – Trajan succeeds his adoptive father Nerva as Roman emperor; under his rule the Roman Empire will reach its maximum extent.
* 945 – The co-emperors Stephen and Constantine are overthrown and forced to becom ...
– WWI: French military casualties begin arriving at the
Hôpital Temporaire d'Arc-en-Barrois, established earlier in the month by British volunteers.
*
January 28
Events Pre-1600
* 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany.
* 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accession o ...
– An act of the
United States Congress
The United States Congress is the legislature of the federal government of the United States. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, and an upper body, the Senate. It meets in the U.S. Capitol in Washing ...
designates the
United States Coast Guard
The United States Coast Guard (USCG) is the maritime security, search and rescue, and law enforcement service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the country's eight uniformed services. The service is a maritime, military, mult ...
, began in
1790
Events
January–March
* January 8 – United States President George Washington gives the first State of the Union address, in New York City.
* January 11 – The 11 minor states of the Austrian Netherlands, which took p ...
, as a military branch.
*
January 31
Events Pre-1600
* 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades.
* 1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on the t ...
– WWI:
Battle of Bolimów
A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force ...
–
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
's first large-scale use of
poison gas
Many gases have toxic properties, which are often assessed using the LC50 (median lethal dose) measure. In the United States, many of these gases have been assigned an NFPA 704 health rating of 4 (may be fatal) or 3 (may cause serious or perman ...
as a weapon occurs, when 18,000
artillery
Artillery is a class of heavy military ranged weapons that launch munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry firearms. Early artillery development focused on the ability to breach defensive walls and fortifications during siege ...
shells containing liquid
xylyl bromide tear gas
Tear gas, also known as a lachrymator agent or lachrymator (), sometimes colloquially known as "mace" after the early commercial aerosol, is a chemical weapon that stimulates the nerves of the lacrimal gland in the eye to produce tears. In ad ...
are fired on the
Imperial Russian Army
The Imperial Russian Army (russian: Ру́сская импера́торская а́рмия, tr. ) was the armed land force of the Russian Empire, active from around 1721 to the Russian Revolution of 1917. In the early 1850s, the Russian Ar ...
, on the
Rawka River west of
Warsaw
Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officia ...
; however, freezing temperatures prevent it being effective.
February
*
February
February is the second month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. The month has 28 days in common years or 29 in leap years, with the 29th day being called the ''leap day''. It is the first of five months not to have 31 days (th ...
– While working as a
cook
Cook or The Cook may refer to:
Food preparation
* Cooking, the preparation of food
* Cook (domestic worker), a household staff member who prepares food
* Cook (professional), an individual who prepares food for consumption in the food industry
* ...
at New York's
Sloane Hospital for Women
The Sloane Hospital for Women is the obstetrics and gynecology service within NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons (P&S) in New York City. It was ...
under an assumed name, "
Typhoid Mary
Mary Mallon (September 23, 1869 – November 11, 1938), commonly known as Typhoid Mary, was an Irish Americans, Irish-born American cook believed to have infected between 51 and 122 people with typhoid fever. The infections caused three co ...
" (an
asymptomatic carrier
An asymptomatic carrier is a person or other organism that has become infected with a pathogen, but shows no signs or symptoms.
Although unaffected by the pathogen, carriers can transmit it to others or develop symptoms in later stages of the d ...
of
typhoid fever
Typhoid fever, also known as typhoid, is a disease caused by '' Salmonella'' serotype Typhi bacteria. Symptoms vary from mild to severe, and usually begin six to 30 days after exposure. Often there is a gradual onset of a high fever over several ...
) infects 25 people, and is placed in
quarantine
A quarantine is a restriction on the movement of people, animals and goods which is intended to prevent the spread of disease or pests. It is often used in connection to disease and illness, preventing the movement of those who may have been ...
for life on
March 27.
*
February 4
Events Pre–1600
* 211 – Following the death of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians, the empire is left in the control of his two quarrellin ...
– The
Maritz Rebellion of disaffected
Boers against the government of the
Union of South Africa
The Union of South Africa ( nl, Unie van Zuid-Afrika; af, Unie van Suid-Afrika; ) was the historical predecessor to the present-day Republic of South Africa. It came into existence on 31 May 1910 with the unification of the Cape, Natal, Trans ...
ends with the surrender of the remaining rebels.
*
February 8
Events Pre-1600
* 421 – Constantius III becomes co-Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
* 1238 – The Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir.
*1250 – Seventh Crusade: Crusaders engage Ayyubid forces in the Battle of Al ...
– The controversial film ''
The Birth of a Nation
''The Birth of a Nation'', originally called ''The Clansman'', is a 1915 American silent epic drama film directed by D. W. Griffith and starring Lillian Gish. The screenplay is adapted from Thomas Dixon Jr.'s 1905 novel and play ''The Cla ...
'', directed by
D. W. Griffith
David Wark Griffith (January 22, 1875 – July 23, 1948) was an American film director. Considered one of the most influential figures in the history of the motion picture, he pioneered many aspects of film editing and expanded the art of the na ...
, premieres in Los Angeles. It will be the
highest-grossing film for around 25 years.
*
February 18
Events Pre-1600
* 1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Bethlehem with neither military engagements nor support from the papacy.
* 1268 &ndas ...
– WWI: Germany regards the waters around the British Isles to be a war zone from this date, as part of its
U-boat Campaign
The U-boat Campaign from 1914 to 1918 was the World War I naval campaign fought by German U-boats against the trade routes of the Allies. It took place largely in the seas around the British Isles and in the Mediterranean.
The German Empire r ...
.
*
February 20
Events Pre-1600
*1339 – The Milanese army and the St. George's (San Giorgio) Mercenaries of Lodrisio Visconti clash in the Battle of Parabiago; Visconti is defeated.
*1472 – Orkney and Shetland are pawned by Norway to Scotland ...
– In San Francisco, the
Panama–Pacific International Exposition is opened.
*
February 25
Events Pre-1600
* 138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor.
* 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II.
...
–
Armenian genocide
The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was ...
: The Ottoman Empire transfers Armenians from its armed forces to unarmed
Ottoman labour battalions
Ottoman labour battalions ( tr, Amele Taburları, hy, Աշխատանքային գումարտակ, , el, Τάγματα Εργασίας, ) was a form of unfree labour in the late Ottoman Empire. The term is associated with the disarmament a ...
.
March
*
March – The
1915 Palestine locust infestation breaks out in
Palestine
__NOTOC__
Palestine may refer to:
* State of Palestine, a state in Western Asia
* Palestine (region), a geographic region in Western Asia
* Palestinian territories, territories occupied by Israel since 1967, namely the West Bank (including East ...
; it continues until
October
October is the tenth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and the sixth of seven months to have a length of 31 days. The eighth month in the old calendar of Romulus , October retained its name (from Latin and Greek ''ôct ...
.
*
March 1
Events Pre-1600
*509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first Roman triumph, triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia.
* 293 – Emperor ...
- The first issue of the
La Boheme Magazine
La Bohemе Magazine (russian: Журнал "Богема") is a Russian literary and art magazine founded in 1915.
History
The journal was published in 1915 in the publishing houses of M. Silin (No. 1-3), S. Cheremkhin (No. 4) and A. Lapitsky ...
was published in
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
.
*
March 2
Events Pre-1600
* 537 – Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoth army under king Vitiges begins the siege of the capital. Belisarius conducts a delaying action outside the Flaminian Gate; he and a detachment of his ''bucellarii'' are almost cut o ...
–
Armenian genocide
The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was ...
: Earliest recorded deportations.
*
March 3
Events Pre-1600
* 473 – Gundobad (nephew of Ricimer) nominates Glycerius as emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
* 724 – Empress Genshō abdicates the throne in favor of her nephew Shōmu who becomes emperor of Japan.
* 1575 &nd ...
– The
National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, the predecessor of
NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agency of the US federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research.
NASA was established in 1958, succeeding t ...
, is founded in the United States.
*
March 8 -
New York City Fire Department Rescue Company 1
New York City Fire Department Rescue Company 1, also known as Rescue 1, is one of five special operations rescue companies of the New York City Fire Department (FDNY) that responds to rescue operations that require specialized equipment and traini ...
is put in Service by the
New York City Fire Department.
*
March 10–
13 – WWI:
Battle of Neuve Chapelle – In the first deliberately planned British offensive of the war, British Indian troops overrun German positions in France, but are unable to sustain the advance.
*
March 11 – WWI: British
armed merchantman is sunk in the
North Channel North Channel may refer to:
*North Channel (Great Britain and Ireland)
*North Channel (Ontario), body of water along the north shore of Lake Huron, Canada
*North Channel, Hong Kong
*Canal du Nord, France
{{geodis ...
off the coast of
Scotland
Scotland (, ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a border with England to the southeast and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the ...
by
Imperial German Navy
The Imperial German Navy or the Imperial Navy () was the navy of the German Empire, which existed between 1871 and 1919. It grew out of the small Prussian Navy (from 1867 the North German Federal Navy), which was mainly for coast defence. Wilhel ...
U-boat
U-boats were naval submarines operated by Germany, particularly in the First and Second World Wars. Although at times they were efficient fleet weapons against enemy naval warships, they were most effectively used in an economic warfare role ...
''
SM U-27''. Around 200 crew are lost, a number of bodies being washed up on the
Isle of Man
)
, anthem = "O Land of Our Birth"
, image = Isle of Man by Sentinel-2.jpg
, image_map = Europe-Isle_of_Man.svg
, mapsize =
, map_alt = Location of the Isle of Man in Europe
, map_caption = Location of the Isle of Man (green)
in Europe ...
, with only 26 saved.
*
March 14
Events Pre-1600
* 1074 – Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland.
* 1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the Huguen ...
– WWI:
**
Battle of Más a Tierra: Off the coast of
Chile
Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east a ...
, the British
Royal Navy
The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against F ...
forces the Imperial German Navy
light cruiser SMS ''Dresden'' (last survivor of the German East Asia Squadron) to scuttle.
**
Constantinople Agreement:
Britain,
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
and the
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...
agree to give
Constantinople
la, Constantinopolis ota, قسطنطينيه
, alternate_name = Byzantion (earlier Greek name), Nova Roma ("New Rome"), Miklagard/Miklagarth (Old Norse), Tsargrad ( Slavic), Qustantiniya (Arabic), Basileuousa ("Queen of Cities"), Megalopolis (" ...
(Istanbul) and the
Bosphorus
The Bosporus Strait (; grc, Βόσπορος ; tr, İstanbul Boğazı 'Istanbul strait', colloquially ''Boğaz'') or Bosphorus Strait is a natural strait and an internationally significant waterway located in Istanbul in northwestern Tu ...
to Russia in case of victory (the treaty is later nullified by the
Bolshevik Revolution
The October Revolution,. officially known as the Great October Socialist Revolution. in the Soviet Union, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolsheviks, Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was ...
).
*
March 18 – WWI:
**
Gallipoli campaign: A Franco-British naval attack on the
Dardanelles fails.
** British Royal Navy battleship sinks
German submarine ''U-29'' with all hands in the
Pentland Firth
The Pentland Firth ( gd, An Caol Arcach, meaning the Orcadian Strait) is a strait which separates the Orkney Islands from Caithness in the north of Scotland. Despite the name, it is not a firth.
Etymology
The name is presumed to be a corruption ...
off the coast of Scotland by ramming her, the only time this tactic is known to have been successfully used by a battleship.
*
March 19 –
Pluto
Pluto (minor-planet designation: 134340 Pluto) is a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt, a ring of trans-Neptunian object, bodies beyond the orbit of Neptune. It is the ninth-largest and tenth-most-massive known object to directly orbit the S ...
is photographed for the first time, but is not classified as a
planet
A planet is a large, rounded astronomical body that is neither a star nor its remnant. The best available theory of planet formation is the nebular hypothesis, which posits that an interstellar cloud collapses out of a nebula to create a you ...
.
*
March 26 – The
Vancouver Millionaires
The Vancouver Millionaires (later known as the Vancouver Maroons) were a professional ice hockey team that competed in the Pacific Coast Hockey Association and the Western Canada Hockey League between 1911 and 1926. Based in Vancouver, British Col ...
win the
Stanley Cup
The Stanley Cup (french: La Coupe Stanley) is the championship trophy awarded annually to the National Hockey League (NHL) playoff champion. It is the oldest existing trophy to be awarded to a professional sports franchise in North America, an ...
in
ice hockey
Ice hockey (or simply hockey) is a team sport played on ice skates, usually on an ice skating rink with lines and markings specific to the sport. It belongs to a family of sports called hockey. In ice hockey, two opposing teams use ice hock ...
over the
Ottawa Senators
The Ottawa Senators (french: Sénateurs d'Ottawa), officially the Ottawa Senators Hockey Club and colloquially known as the Sens, are a professional ice hockey team based in Ottawa. They compete in the National Hockey League (NHL) as a membe ...
, 3 games to 0.
*
March 28
Events Pre-1600
* AD 37 – Roman emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, bestowed on him by the Senate.
* 193 – After assassinating the Roman Emperor Pertinax, his Praetorian Guards auction off the throne to Di ...
– The first
Roman Catholic liturgy
In the Catholic Church, liturgy is divine worship, the proclamation of the Gospel, and active charity. Catholic liturgies are broadly categorized as the Latin liturgical rites of the Latin Church and the Eastern Catholic liturgies of the Easter ...
at the newly consecrated
Cathedral of Saint Paul, Minnesota, is celebrated by
Archbishop
In Christian denominations, an archbishop is a bishop of higher rank or office. In most cases, such as the Catholic Church, there are many archbishops who either have jurisdiction over an ecclesiastical province in addition to their own archdi ...
John Ireland.
April
*
April 5
Events Pre-1600
* 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I.
* 919 – The second Fatimid invasion of Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, sets out from Raqqada at the head of his a ...
– Boxer
Jess Willard, the latest "Great White Hope", defeats
Jack Johnson with a 26th-round knockout in sweltering heat, at Havana, Cuba. Willard becomes very popular among white Americans, for "bringing back the championship to the white race".
*
April 11 –
Charlie Chaplin
Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin Jr. (16 April 188925 December 1977) was an English comic actor, filmmaker, and composer who rose to fame in the era of silent film. He became a worldwide icon through his screen persona, the Tramp, and is consider ...
's film ''
The Tramp
The Tramp (''Charlot'' in several languages), also known as the Little Tramp, was English actor Charlie Chaplin's most memorable on-screen character and an icon in world cinema during the era of silent film. ''The Tramp'' is also the title of ...
'' is released in the United States.
*
April 19
Events Pre-1600
*AD 65 – The freedman Milichus betrays Piso's plot to kill the Emperor Nero and all the conspirators are arrested.
* 531 – Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persians at ...
– The
Armenian genocide
The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was ...
begins at scale with the
defense of Van, continuing to May 17, during which time 55,000 civilians from the
Ottoman Armenian population
The Ottoman Armenian population varied throughout history. The number of Armenians within the empire between 1914 and 1915 is a controversial topic. Most estimates by Western scholars range from 1.5 to 2.4 million. According to Britannica prior t ...
of
Van Vilayet will be massacred by Turkish Ottoman forces.
*
April 22
Events Pre-1600
* 1500 – Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral lands in Brazil.
* 1519 – Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés establishes a settlement at Veracruz, Mexico.
* 1529 – Treaty of Zaragoza divides the eastern ...
– WWI: Start of
Second Battle of Ypres – Germany makes its first large scale use of
poison gas
Many gases have toxic properties, which are often assessed using the LC50 (median lethal dose) measure. In the United States, many of these gases have been assigned an NFPA 704 health rating of 4 (may be fatal) or 3 (may cause serious or perman ...
on the Western Front.
*
April 24 – Armenian genocide:
deportation of Armenian notables from
Istanbul
Istanbul ( , ; tr, İstanbul ), formerly known as Constantinople ( grc-gre, Κωνσταντινούπολις; la, Constantinopolis), is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, ...
begins.
*
April 25 – WWI: Start of the
Gallipoli Campaign by land forces (lasting until January 1916) – A
landing at Anzac Cove is conducted by
Australian and New Zealand Army Corps, and a
landing at Cape Helles
The landing at Cape Helles ( tr, Seddülbahir Çıkarması) was part of the Gallipoli Campaign the amphibious landings on the Gallipoli peninsula by British and French forces on 25 April 1915 during the First World War. Helles, at the foot o ...
by British and French troops, to begin the Allied invasion of the
Gallipoli
The Gallipoli peninsula (; tr, Gelibolu Yarımadası; grc, Χερσόνησος της Καλλίπολης, ) is located in the southern part of East Thrace, the European part of Turkey, with the Aegean Sea to the west and the Dardanelles ...
peninsula in the
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
.
![RMS Luisitania](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/RMS_Luisitania.jpg)
*
April 26 –
Treaty of London: Italy secretly agrees to leave the
Triple Alliance Triple Alliance may refer to:
* Aztec Triple Alliance (1428–1521), Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan and in central Mexico
* Triple Alliance (1596), England, France, and the Dutch Republic to counter Spain
* Triple Alliance (1668), England, the ...
with Germany and
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...
, and join with the
Entente Powers
The Triple Entente (from French '' entente'' meaning "friendship, understanding, agreement") describes the informal understanding between the Russian Empire, the French Third Republic, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland as well a ...
, in exchange for certain territories of Austria-Hungary on its borders.
May
*
May 1 – WWI:
** General
Louis Botha
Louis Botha (; 27 September 1862 – 27 August 1919) was a South African politician who was the first prime minister of the Union of South Africa – the forerunner of the modern South African state. A Boer war hero during the Second Boer War, ...
,
Prime Minister of South Africa
The prime minister of South Africa ( af, Eerste Minister van Suid-Afrika) was the head of government in South Africa between 1910 and 1984.
History of the office
The position of Prime Minister was established in 1910, when the Union of Sout ...
, leads the army in the occupation of
German South West Africa.
** The
Battle of Gorlice
A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force ...
begins. It is one of the bloodiest battles of
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
.
*
May 3 – Canadian soldier
John McCrae writes the poem "
In Flanders Fields".
*
May 5 – WWI: Forces of the
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
begin shelling
ANZAC Cove from a new position behind their lines.
*
May 6 – Baseball player
Babe Ruth
George Herman "Babe" Ruth Jr. (February 6, 1895 – August 16, 1948) was an American professional baseball player whose career in Major League Baseball (MLB) spanned 22 seasons, from 1914 through 1935. Nicknamed "the Bambino" and "the Su ...
hits his first career home run (off
Jack Warhop
John Milton Warhop (July 4, 1884 – October 4, 1960) was an American baseball pitcher who played eight seasons in Major League Baseball from 1908 to 1915 for the New York Highlanders / Yankees.
Considered by baseball insiders and historians a ...
), for the
Boston Red Sox
The Boston Red Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Boston. The Red Sox compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. Founded in as one of the American League's eight ...
.
* May 6 –
Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition: The
SY ''Aurora'' broke loose from its anchorage during a gale, beginning a 312-day ordeal.
*
May 7 – WWI:
Sinking of the RMS ''Lusitania'': 's main rival, the British
ocean liner
An ocean liner is a passenger ship primarily used as a form of transportation across seas or oceans. Ocean liners may also carry cargo or mail, and may sometimes be used for other purposes (such as for pleasure cruises or as hospital ships).
Ca ...
, is sunk by
Imperial German Navy
The Imperial German Navy or the Imperial Navy () was the navy of the German Empire, which existed between 1871 and 1919. It grew out of the small Prussian Navy (from 1867 the North German Federal Navy), which was mainly for coast defence. Wilhel ...
U-boat
U-boats were naval submarines operated by Germany, particularly in the First and Second World Wars. Although at times they were efficient fleet weapons against enemy naval warships, they were most effectively used in an economic warfare role ...
''
U-20'' off the south-west coast of Ireland, killing 1,198 civilians en route from New York City to
Liverpool
Liverpool is a city and metropolitan borough in Merseyside, England. With a population of in 2019, it is the 10th largest English district by population and its metropolitan area is the fifth largest in the United Kingdom, with a popul ...
. The best-known of the celebrities on board was
Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt. American sportsman (b.
1877
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Queen Victoria is proclaimed ''Empress of India'' by the ''Royal Titles Act 1876'', introduced by Benjamin Disraeli, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom .
* January 8 – Great Sio ...
)
*
May 9
Events Pre-1600
* 328 – Athanasius is elected Patriarch of Alexandria.
*1009 – Lombard Revolt: Lombard forces led by Melus revolt in Bari against the Byzantine Catepanate of Italy.
*1386 – England and Portugal formally rati ...
– WWI –
Second Battle of Artois
The Second Battle of Artois (french: Deuxième bataille de l'Artois, german: Lorettoschlacht) from 9 May to 18 June 1915, took place on the Western Front (World War I), Western Front during the First World War. A German-held Salient (military), ...
:
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
**Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ger ...
and
French
French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to France
** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents
** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
forces fight to a standstill; German forces defeat the British at the
Battle of Aubers Ridge.
*
May 17 – The last purely
Liberal
Liberal or liberalism may refer to:
Politics
* a supporter of liberalism
** Liberalism by country
* an adherent of a Liberal Party
* Liberalism (international relations)
* Sexually liberal feminism
* Social liberalism
Arts, entertainment and m ...
government in the United Kingdom ends, when the prime minister
H. H. Asquith
Herbert Henry Asquith, 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquith, (12 September 1852 – 15 February 1928), generally known as H. H. Asquith, was a British statesman and Liberal Party politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom f ...
forms an all-party
coalition government
A coalition government is a form of government in which political parties cooperate to form a government. The usual reason for such an arrangement is that no single party has achieved an absolute majority after an election, an atypical outcome in ...
, the
Asquith coalition ministry, effective
May 25.
*
May 19 – WWI: The
third attack on Anzac Cove by Ottoman forces is repelled by the
Australian and New Zealand Army Corps.
*
May 22
Events Pre-1600
* 192 – Dong Zhuo is assassinated by his adopted son Lü Bu.
* 760 – Fourteenth recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.
* 853 – A Byzantine fleet sacks and destroys undefended Damietta in Egypt.
* 11 ...
**
Quintinshill rail disaster
The Quintinshill rail disaster was a multi-train rail crash which occurred on 22 May 1915 outside the Quintinshill signal box near Gretna Green in Dumfriesshire, Scotland, United Kingdom. It resulted in the deaths of over 200 people, and remain ...
in Scotland: The collision and fire kill 226, mostly troops, the largest number of fatalities in a
rail accident in the United Kingdom.
**
Lassen Peak, one of the
Cascade Volcanoes
The Cascade Volcanoes (also known as the Cascade Volcanic Arc or the Cascade Arc) are a number of volcanoes in a volcanic arc in western North America, extending from southwestern British Columbia through Washington and Oregon to Northern Califo ...
in
California
California is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, located along the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the List of states and territori ...
, erupts, sending an ash plume 30,000 feet in the air, and devastating the nearby area with
pyroclastic flow
A pyroclastic flow (also known as a pyroclastic density current or a pyroclastic cloud) is a fast-moving current of hot gas and volcanic matter (collectively known as tephra) that flows along the ground away from a volcano at average speeds of bu ...
s and
lahar
A lahar (, from jv, ꦮ꧀ꦭꦲꦂ) is a violent type of mudflow or debris flow composed of a slurry of pyroclastic material, rocky debris and water. The material flows down from a volcano, typically along a river valley.
Lahars are extreme ...
s. It is the only volcano to erupt in the contiguous United States this century, until the
1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens
On March 27, 1980, a series of volcanic explosions and pyroclastic flows began at Mount St. Helens in Skamania County, Washington, United States. A series of phreatic blasts occurred from the summit and escalated until a major explosive eru ...
.
*
May 23 – WWI:
Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...
joins the
Allies
An alliance is a relationship among people, groups, or states that have joined together for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose, whether or not explicit agreement has been worked out among them. Members of an alliance are called ...
after declaring war on
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...
.
*
May 25 –
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
agrees to the
Twenty-One Demands
The Twenty-One Demands ( ja, 対華21ヶ条要求, Taika Nijūikkajō Yōkyū; ) was a set of demands made during the First World War by the Empire of Japan under Prime Minister Ōkuma Shigenobu to the government of the Republic of China on 18 ...
of the Japanese.
*
May 27
Events Pre-1600
* 1096 – Count Emicho enters Mainz, where his followers massacre Jewish citizens. At least 600 Jews are killed.
* 1120 – Richard III of Capua is anointed as Prince two weeks before his untimely death.
* 1153 &ndash ...
–
Armenian genocide
The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was ...
: The
Tehcir Law is promulgated by the Turkish
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
authorizing deportation of the
Ottoman Armenian population
The Ottoman Armenian population varied throughout history. The number of Armenians within the empire between 1914 and 1915 is a controversial topic. Most estimates by Western scholars range from 1.5 to 2.4 million. According to Britannica prior t ...
to
Deir ez-Zor in the Syrian desert, leading to the deaths of anywhere between 800,000 and over 1,500,000 civilians and confiscation of their property.
*
May 28 –
International Congress of Women meet at the Hague as a major peace initiative.
*
May 29 –
Teófilo Braga
Joaquim Teófilo Fernandes Braga (; 24 February 1843 – 28 January 1924) was a Portuguese writer, playwright, politician and the leader of the Republican Provisional Government after the overthrow of King Manuel II, as well as the second elect ...
becomes president of
Portugal
Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of ...
.
June
* June –
Armenian genocide
The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was ...
: 15,000 civilians from the
Ottoman Armenian population
The Ottoman Armenian population varied throughout history. The number of Armenians within the empire between 1914 and 1915 is a controversial topic. Most estimates by Western scholars range from 1.5 to 2.4 million. According to Britannica prior t ...
of
Bitlis
Bitlis ( hy, Բաղեշ '; ku, Bidlîs; ota, بتليس) is a city in southeastern Turkey and the capital of Bitlis Province. The city is located at an elevation of 1,545 metres, 15 km from Lake Van, in the steep-sided valley of the Bitlis R ...
are massacred by Ottoman Turks and Kurds.
*
June 3
Events Pre-1600
* 350 – The Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman emperor, entering Rome at the head of a group of gladiators.
* 713 – The Byzantine Empire, Byzantine emperor Philippikos Ba ...
–
Mexican Revolution
The Mexican Revolution ( es, Revolución Mexicana) was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from approximately 1910 to 1920. It has been called "the defining event of modern Mexican history". It resulted in the destruction ...
: Troops of
Álvaro Obregón and
Pancho Villa clash at
León; Obregón loses his right arm in a grenade attack, but Villa is decisively defeated.
*
June 5
Events Pre-1600
*1257 – Kraków, in Poland, receives city rights.
*1283 – Battle of the Gulf of Naples: Roger of Lauria, admiral to King Peter III of Aragon, destroys the Neapolitan fleet and captures Charles II of Naples, Charles ...
–
Women's suffrage
Women's suffrage is the right of women to vote in elections. Beginning in the start of the 18th century, some people sought to change voting laws to allow women to vote. Liberal political parties would go on to grant women the right to vot ...
in national elections is introduced in Denmark.
*
June 9 – U.S. Secretary of State
William Jennings Bryan
William Jennings Bryan (March 19, 1860 – July 26, 1925) was an American lawyer, orator and politician. Beginning in 1896, he emerged as a dominant force in the History of the Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party, running ...
resigns over a disagreement regarding his nation's handling of the
sinking of the RMS ''Lusitania''.
*
June 11 – Friar
Leonard Melki and hundreds of other Christians are driven out of
Mardin
Mardin ( ku, Mêrdîn; ar, ماردين; syr, ܡܪܕܝܢ, Merdīn; hy, Մարդին) is a city in southeastern Turkey. The capital of Mardin Province, it is known for the Artuqid architecture of its old city, and for its strategic location on ...
and massacred by
Ottoman troops.
*
June 16 –
Women's Institutes
The Women's Institute (WI) is a community-based organisation for women in the United Kingdom, Canada, South Africa and New Zealand. The movement was founded in Stoney Creek, Ontario, Canada, by Erland and Janet Lee with Adelaide Hoodless being th ...
are established in Britain.
*
June 19 – In
Iceland
Iceland ( is, Ísland; ) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean and in the Arctic Ocean. Iceland is the most sparsely populated country in Europe. Iceland's capital and largest city is Reykjavík, which (along with its s ...
, at this time a dependency of Denmark:
**
Women's suffrage
Women's suffrage is the right of women to vote in elections. Beginning in the start of the 18th century, some people sought to change voting laws to allow women to vote. Liberal political parties would go on to grant women the right to vot ...
is granted to those over 40.
** The modern civil
flag of Iceland is adopted officially.
*
June 22 – WWI: The
Battle of Gorlice
A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force ...
ends in the victory of the
Central Powers
The Central Powers, also known as the Central Empires,german: Mittelmächte; hu, Központi hatalmak; tr, İttifak Devletleri / ; bg, Централни сили, translit=Tsentralni sili was one of the two main coalitions that fought in ...
.
July
*
July
July is the seventh month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and is the fourth of seven months to have a length of 31 days. It was named by the Roman Senate in honour of Roman general Julius Caesar in 44 B.C., it being the mont ...
** WWI:
South West Africa Campaign
The South West Africa campaign was the conquest and occupation of German South West Africa by forces from the Union of South Africa acting on behalf of the British imperial government at the beginning of the First World War.
Background
The ...
– The
Union of South Africa
The Union of South Africa ( nl, Unie van Zuid-Afrika; af, Unie van Suid-Afrika; ) was the historical predecessor to the present-day Republic of South Africa. It came into existence on 31 May 1910 with the unification of the Cape, Natal, Trans ...
occupies
German South West Africa with assistance from Canada, the United Kingdom, the
Portuguese Republic and
Portuguese Angola. South Africa will occupy
South West Africa until March
1990
File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of Humankind, humanity on Earth, Astroph ...
.
**
Armenian genocide
The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was ...
: 17,000 civilians from the
Ottoman Armenian population
The Ottoman Armenian population varied throughout history. The number of Armenians within the empire between 1914 and 1915 is a controversial topic. Most estimates by Western scholars range from 1.5 to 2.4 million. According to Britannica prior t ...
of
Trebizond are massacred by Ottoman Turks.
*
July 1
Events Pre-1600
* 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor.
* 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...
– WWI: In
aerial warfare
Aerial warfare is the use of military aircraft and other flying machines in warfare. Aerial warfare includes bombers attacking enemy installations or a concentration of enemy troops or strategic targets; fighter aircraft battling for control o ...
, German fighter pilot
Kurt Wintgens becomes the first person to shoot down another plane, using a
machine gun
A machine gun is a fully automatic, rifled autoloading firearm designed for sustained direct fire with rifle cartridges. Other automatic firearms such as automatic shotguns and automatic rifles (including assault rifles and battle rifles) a ...
equipped with
synchronization gear
A synchronization gear (also known as a gun synchronizer or interrupter gear) was a device enabling a single-engine tractor configuration aircraft to fire its forward-firing armament through the arc of its spinning propeller without bullets strik ...
.
*
July 7
** An extremely overloaded
International Railway (New York–Ontario)
The International Railway Company (IRC) was a transportation company formed in a 1902 merger between several Buffalo-area interurban and street railways. The city railways that merged were the ''West Side Street Railway'', the ''Crosstown Street ...
trolleycar with 157 passengers crashes near
Queenston, Ontario
Queenston is a compact rural community and unincorporated place north of Niagara Falls in the Town of Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, Canada. It is bordered by Highway 405 to the south and the Niagara River to the east; its location at the eponymo ...
, resulting in 15 casualties.
**
Sinhalese
Sinhala may refer to:
* Something of or related to the Sinhalese people of Sri Lanka
* Sinhalese people
* Sinhala language, one of the three official languages used in Sri Lanka
* Sinhala script, a writing system for the Sinhala language
** Sinha ...
militia captain
Henry Pedris is executed in
British Ceylon
British Ceylon ( si, බ්රිතාන්ය ලංකාව, Britānya Laṃkāva; ta, பிரித்தானிய இலங்கை, Biritthāṉiya Ilaṅkai) was the British Crown colony of present-day Sri Lanka between ...
for inciting race riots, a charge later proved false; he becomes a hero of the
Sri Lankan independence movement
The Sri Lankan independence movement was a peaceful political movement which was aimed at achieving independence and self-rule for the country of Sri Lanka, then British Ceylon, from the British Empire. The switch of powers was generally kno ...
.
*
July 9
Events Pre-1600
*118 – Hadrian, who became emperor a year previously on Trajan's death, makes his entry into Rome.
* 381 – The end of the First Council of Christian bishops convened in Constantinople by the Roman Emperor Theodos ...
– WWI: Theodore Seitz, governor of
German South West Africa, surrenders to General
Louis Botha
Louis Botha (; 27 September 1862 – 27 August 1919) was a South African politician who was the first prime minister of the Union of South Africa – the forerunner of the modern South African state. A Boer war hero during the Second Boer War, ...
, between
Otavi
Otavi is a town of 4,000 inhabitants in the Otjozondjupa Region of central Namibia. Situated 360 km north of Windhoek, it is the district capital of the Otavi electoral constituency.
Geography
The towns of Otavi, Tsumeb (to the north) and Gro ...
and
Tsumeb.
*
July 11
Events Pre-1600
* 472 – After being besieged in Rome by his own generals, Western Roman Emperor Anthemius is captured in St. Peter's Basilica and put to death.
* 813 – Byzantine emperor Michael I, under threat by conspiracies, abd ...
– WWI:
Battle of Rufiji Delta
The Battle of the Rufiji Delta was fought in German East Africa (modern Tanzania) from October 1914–July 1915 during the First World War, between the German Navy's light cruiser , and a powerful group of British warships. The battle was a seri ...
– German cruiser is forced to
scuttle in the
Rufiji River
The Rufiji River lies entirely within Tanzania. It is also the largest and longest river in the country. The river is formed by the confluence of the Kilombero and Luwegu rivers. It is approximately long, with its source in southwestern Tanzania ...
,
German East Africa
German East Africa (GEA; german: Deutsch-Ostafrika) was a German colony in the African Great Lakes region, which included present-day Burundi, Rwanda, the Tanzania mainland, and the Kionga Triangle, a small region later incorporated into Mozam ...
(present-day
Tanzania
Tanzania (; ), officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It borders Uganda to the north; Kenya to the northeast; Comoro Islands and ...
).
*
July 14
Events Pre-1600
* 982 – King Otto II and his Frankish army are defeated by the Muslim army of al-Qasim at Cape Colonna, Southern Italy.
* 1223 – Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father, Philip II.
* 1420 ...
– The
McMahon–Hussein Correspondence between
Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca and the British official
Henry McMahon
Sir Arthur Henry McMahon (28 November 1862 – 29 December 1949) was a British Indian Army officer and diplomat who served as the High Commissioner in Egypt from 1915 to 1917. He was also an administrator in British India and served twice as ...
concerning the
Arab revolt against the
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
begins; in exchange for assistance against the Ottomans, the British offer bin Ali their recognition of an independent Arab kingdom, although clear terms are never agreed.
*
July 22
Events Pre-1600
* 838 – Battle of Anzen: The Byzantine emperor Theophilos suffers a heavy defeat by the Abbasids.
*1099 – First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of J ...
– WWI: The "
Great Retreat" is ordered on the Eastern Front; Russian forces pull back out of Poland (at this time part of the Russian Empire), taking machinery and equipment with them.
*
July 24 – Steamer capsizes in central Chicago, with the loss of 844 lives.
*
July 28 – The
American occupation of Haiti
The United States occupation of Haiti began on July 28, 1915, when 330 U.S. Marines landed at Port-au-Prince, Haiti, after the National City Bank of New York convinced the President of the United States, Woodrow Wilson, to take control of ...
(1915–34) begins.
August
![Galveston Hurricane 1915 wrecked home](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Galveston_Hurricane_1915_wrecked_home.jpg)
*
August 5
Events Pre-1600
*AD 25 – Guangwu claims the throne as Emperor of China, restoring the Han dynasty after the collapse of the short-lived Xin dynasty.
* 70 – Fires resulting from the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem are ...
–
23 – Hurricane Two of the
1915 Atlantic hurricane season
The 1915 Atlantic hurricane season featured the strongest tropical cyclone to make landfall in the United States since the 1900 Galveston hurricane. The first storm, which remained a tropical depression, appeared on April 29 near the Bahamas ...
over
Galveston and
leaves 275 dead.
*
August 6
Events Pre-1600
*1284 – The Republic of Pisa is defeated in the Battle of Meloria by the Republic of Genoa, thus losing its naval dominance in the Mediterranean.
* 1538 – Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada ...
– WWI:
Battle of Sari Bair – The
Allies
An alliance is a relationship among people, groups, or states that have joined together for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose, whether or not explicit agreement has been worked out among them. Members of an alliance are called ...
mount a diversionary attack timed to coincide with a major Allied landing of reinforcements at
Suvla Bay
file:Suvla from Battleship Hill.jpg, View of Suvla from Battleship Hill
Suvla () is a bay on the Aegean Sea, Aegean coast of the Gallipoli peninsula in European Turkey, south of the Gulf of Saros.
On 6 August 1915, it was the site for the Landi ...
.
*
August 16
Events Pre-1600
* 1 BC – Wang Mang consolidates his power in China and is declared marshal of state. Emperor Ai of Han, who died the previous day, had no heirs.
* 942 – Start of the four-day Battle of al-Mada'in, between the Hamdan ...
– WWI: The
Allies
An alliance is a relationship among people, groups, or states that have joined together for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose, whether or not explicit agreement has been worked out among them. Members of an alliance are called ...
promises the
Kingdom of Serbia
The Kingdom of Serbia ( sr-cyr, Краљевина Србија, Kraljevina Srbija) was a country located in the Balkans which was created when the ruler of the Principality of Serbia, Milan I, was proclaimed king in 1882. Since 1817, the Princi ...
, should victory be achieved over
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...
and its allied
Central Powers
The Central Powers, also known as the Central Empires,german: Mittelmächte; hu, Központi hatalmak; tr, İttifak Devletleri / ; bg, Централни сили, translit=Tsentralni sili was one of the two main coalitions that fought in ...
, the territories of
Baranja,
Srem and
Slavonia
Slavonia (; hr, Slavonija) is, with Dalmatia, Croatia proper, and Istria, one of the four historical regions of Croatia. Taking up the east of the country, it roughly corresponds with five Croatian counties: Brod-Posavina, Osijek-Baranja ...
from the
Cisleithania
Cisleithania, also ''Zisleithanien'' sl, Cislajtanija hu, Ciszlajtánia cs, Předlitavsko sk, Predlitavsko pl, Przedlitawia sh-Cyrl-Latn, Цислајтанија, Cislajtanija ro, Cisleithania uk, Цислейтанія, Tsysleitaniia it, Cislei ...
n part of the Dual Monarchy,
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and H ...
, and eastern
Dalmatia
Dalmatia (; hr, Dalmacija ; it, Dalmazia; see #Name, names in other languages) is one of the four historical region, historical regions of Croatia, alongside Croatia proper, Slavonia, and Istria. Dalmatia is a narrow belt of the east shore of ...
(from the river of
Krka to Bar).
September
*
September 5 – The
Zimmerwald Conference begins in
Switzerland
). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...
.
*
September 6 – The prototype
military tank
A tank is an armoured fighting vehicle intended as a primary offensive weapon in front-line ground combat. Tank designs are a balance of heavy firepower, strong armour, and good battlefield mobility provided by tracks and a powerful engi ...
is first tested by the
British Army
The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, a part of the British Armed Forces along with the Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force. , the British Army comprises 79,380 regular full-time personnel, 4,090 Gurk ...
.
*
September 7
Events Pre-1600
* 70 – A Roman army under Titus occupies and plunders Jerusalem.
* 878 – Louis the Stammerer is crowned as king of West Francia by Pope John VIII.
*1159 – Pope Alexander III is chosen.
*1191 – Third Cru ...
– Crtoonist
John B. Gruelle is given a patent for his ''
Raggedy Ann'' doll.
*
September 8 – WWI: A
Zeppelin
A Zeppelin is a type of rigid airship named after the German inventor Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin () who pioneered rigid airship development at the beginning of the 20th century. Zeppelin's notions were first formulated in 1874Eckener 1938, pp ...
raid destroys No. 61
Farringdon Road
Farringdon Road is a road in Clerkenwell, London.
Route
Farringdon Road is part of the A201 route connecting King's Cross to Elephant and Castle. It goes southeast from King's Cross, crossing Rosebery Avenue, then turns south, crossing C ...
, London; it is rebuilt in
1917
Events
Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix.
January
* January 9 – WWI – Battle of Rafa: The last substantial Ottoman Army garrison on the Sinai Peninsula is captured by the Egyptian Expeditionary Force's ...
, and called The Zeppelin Building.
*
September 11 – The
Pennsylvania Railroad
The Pennsylvania Railroad (reporting mark PRR), legal name The Pennsylvania Railroad Company also known as the "Pennsy", was an American Class I railroad that was established in 1846 and headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was named ...
begins electrified commuter rail service between
Paoli and
Philadelphia
Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the sixth-largest city in the U.S., the second-largest city in both the Northeast megalopolis and Mid-Atlantic regions after New York City. Sinc ...
, using overhead AC trolley wires for power. This type of system is later used in long-distance passenger trains between New York City, Washington, D.C., and
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
Harrisburg is the capital city of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States, and the county seat of Dauphin County. With a population of 50,135 as of the 2021 census, Harrisburg is the 9th largest city and 15th largest municipality in Pe ...
.
*
September 12 – French soldiers rescue over 4,000
Armenian genocide
The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was ...
survivors stranded on Musa Dagh, a mountain in the Hatay province of
Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...
.
*
September 25
Events Pre-1600
* 275 – For the last time, the Roman Senate chooses an emperor; they elect 75-year-old Marcus Claudius Tacitus.
* 762 – Led by Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya, the Hasanid branch of the Alids begins the Alid Revolt a ...
–
October 14
Events Pre-1600
*1066 – The Norman conquest of England begins with the Battle of Hastings.
* 1322 – Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at the Battle of Old Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's i ...
– WWI:
Battle of Loos – British forces take the
French
French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to France
** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents
** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
town of
Loos, but with substantial casualties, and are unable to press their advantage. This is the first time the British use
poison gas in World War I
The use of toxic chemicals as weapons dates back thousands of years, but the first large scale use of chemical weapons was during World War I. They were primarily used to demoralize, injure, and kill entrenched defenders, against whom the indisc ...
, and also their first large-scale use of 'New' (or
Kitchener's Army
The New Army, often referred to as Kitchener's Army or, disparagingly, as Kitchener's Mob,
was an (initially) all-volunteer portion of the British Army formed in the United Kingdom from 1914 onwards following the outbreak of hostilities in the Fi ...
) units.
*
September 30
Events Pre-1600
* 489 – The Ostrogoths under Theoderic the Great defeat the forces of Odoacer for the second time.
* 737 – The Turgesh drive back an Umayyad invasion of Khuttal, follow them south of the Oxus, and capture their b ...
– WWI:
Serbian Army private
Private or privates may refer to:
Music
* " In Private", by Dusty Springfield from the 1990 album ''Reputation''
* Private (band), a Denmark-based band
* "Private" (Ryōko Hirosue song), from the 1999 album ''Private'', written and also recorde ...
Radoje Ljutovac
Radoje Ljutovac (4 September 1887 – 25 November 1968) was a Serbian soldier from the village of Poljna, Serbia. Private Radoje Ljutovac fought in the First World War in the Serbian Army, and is officially credited with the first shooting dow ...
becomes the first soldier in history to shoot down an enemy aircraft, with
ground-to-air
A surface-to-air missile (SAM), also known as a ground-to-air missile (GTAM) or surface-to-air guided weapon (SAGW), is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft or other missiles. It is one type of anti-aircraft syst ...
fire.
October
*
October
October is the tenth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and the sixth of seven months to have a length of 31 days. The eighth month in the old calendar of Romulus , October retained its name (from Latin and Greek ''ôct ...
–
Franz Kafka
Franz Kafka (3 July 1883 – 3 June 1924) was a German-speaking Bohemian novelist and short-story writer, widely regarded as one of the major figures of 20th-century literature. His work fuses elements of realism and the fantastic. It ...
's
novella
A novella is a narrative prose fiction whose length is shorter than most novels, but longer than most short stories. The English word ''novella'' derives from the Italian ''novella'' meaning a short story related to true (or apparently so) facts ...
''
The Metamorphosis'' (''Die Verwandlung'') is first published in Germany.
*
October 12 – WWI: British nurse
Edith Cavell is executed by a
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
**Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ger ...
firing squad, for helping
Allied
An alliance is a relationship among people, groups, or states that have joined together for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose, whether or not explicit agreement has been worked out among them. Members of an alliance are called ...
soldiers escape from Belgium.
*
October 15
Events Pre-1600
*1066 – Following the death of Harold II at the Battle of Hastings, Edgar the Ætheling is proclaimed King of England by the Witan; he is never crowned, and concedes power to William the Conqueror two months later.
* 1211 ...
– WWI: Serbian Campaign of World War I, Serbian Campaign –
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...
invades the
Kingdom of Serbia
The Kingdom of Serbia ( sr-cyr, Краљевина Србија, Kraljevina Srbija) was a country located in the Balkans which was created when the ruler of the Principality of Serbia, Milan I, was proclaimed king in 1882. Since 1817, the Princi ...
. Kingdom of Bulgaria, Bulgaria enters the war, also invading Serbia. The Serbian First Army retreats towards Kingdom of Greece (Glücksburg), Greece.
* October 16 – WWI: France declares war on Bulgaria.
* October 19
** WWI:
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
and Italy declare war on Bulgaria.
**
Mexican Revolution
The Mexican Revolution ( es, Revolución Mexicana) was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from approximately 1910 to 1920. It has been called "the defining event of modern Mexican history". It resulted in the destruction ...
: The U.S. recognizes the Mexican government of Venustiano Carranza ''de facto'' (not ''de jure'' until
1917
Events
Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix.
January
* January 9 – WWI – Battle of Rafa: The last substantial Ottoman Army garrison on the Sinai Peninsula is captured by the Egyptian Expeditionary Force's ...
).
* October 21 – The United Daughters of the Confederacy holds its first annual meeting outside the South, in San Francisco. Historian General Mildred Rutherford addresses the gathering on the "Historical Sins of Omission & Commission", of Yankee historians.
* October 23 – WWI: The torpedoing of armored cruiser results in only 3 men being rescued from a crew of 675, the greatest single loss of life for the
Imperial German Navy
The Imperial German Navy or the Imperial Navy () was the navy of the German Empire, which existed between 1871 and 1919. It grew out of the small Prussian Navy (from 1867 the North German Federal Navy), which was mainly for coast defence. Wilhel ...
in the Baltic Sea during the war.
* October 25 – Lyda Conley, the first Native Americans in the United States, American Indian woman to appear before the Supreme Court of the United States as a lawyer, is admitted to practice there.
* October 27 – Billy Hughes, William Morris "Billy" Hughes becomes the 7th Prime Minister of Australia.
* October 28 – St. Johns School fire: Fire at St. John's School in Peabody, Massachusetts, claims the lives of 21 girls between the ages of 7 and 17.
November
* November 2 – PSM Makassar is founded as Makassar Voetbal Bond, making it the oldest Indonesian association football club.
* November 18 – The U.S. silent film ''Inspiration (1915 film), Inspiration'', the first mainstream movie in which a leading actress (Audrey Munson) appears Nudity in film, nude, is released.
* November 21 – British polar exploration ship ''Endurance (1912 ship), Endurance'' finally breaks apart from pressure of ice around it and sinks into the Weddell Sea, stranding Ernest Shackleton's
Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition party in the Antarctic. The wreck is discovered at a depth of 3,008 metres (9,869 ft), 107 years later in 2022.
* November 23 – The ''Triangle Film Corporation'' opens its new motion picture theater in Massillon, Ohio.
* November 24 – William Joseph Simmons, William J. Simmons revives the American Civil War era Ku Klux Klan at Stone Mountain, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia.
* November 25 – Albert Einstein presents part of his theory of general relativity to the Prussian Academy of Sciences.
December
* December 10 – The 1 millionth Ford Motor Company, Ford car rolls off the assembly line, at the River Rouge Plant in
Detroit
Detroit ( , ; , ) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is also the largest U.S. city on the United States–Canada border, and the seat of government of Wayne County. The City of Detroit had a population of 639,111 at th ...
, Michigan.
* December 12 – President of the Republic of China Yuan Shikai declares himself Empire of China (1915–16), Emperor.
* December 18 – United States President Woodrow Wilson marries Edith Bolling Galt Wilson, Edith B. Galt, in Washington, D.C.
* December 23 – HMHS Britannic, HMHS ''Britannic'', which will be the largest British ship lost in WWI (though with only 30 fatalities), departs
Liverpool
Liverpool is a city and metropolitan borough in Merseyside, England. With a population of in 2019, it is the 10th largest English district by population and its metropolitan area is the fifth largest in the United Kingdom, with a popul ...
on her maiden voyage as a hospital ship.
* December 26 – The Irish Republican Brotherhood Military Council decides to stage an Easter Rising in 1916.
Date unknown
* Alfred Wegener publishes his theory of Pangaea.
* The first stop sign appears in
Detroit
Detroit ( , ; , ) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is also the largest U.S. city on the United States–Canada border, and the seat of government of Wayne County. The City of Detroit had a population of 639,111 at th ...
.
* The Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis is founded in the United States.
* Carrier Engineering, predecessor of Carrier Global, a global air conditioning brand, is founded in New Jersey, United States.
Births
January
![Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R65485, Joachim Peiper](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R65485%2C_Joachim_Peiper.jpg)
*
January 1
January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...
** Branko Ćopić, Yugoslav writer (d. 1984)
** Fazlollah Reza, Iranian university professor, electrical engineer (d. 2019)
* January 3 – Mady Rahl, German stage, film actress (d. 2009)
* January 4 – Adolf Opálka, Czechoslovak soldier (d. 1942)
*
January 5
Events Pre-1600
*1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Duchy of Burgundy, Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France.
1601–1900
*1675 – Battle of Turckh ...
– Humberto Teixeira, Brazilian flautist (d. 1979)
* January 6 – Alan Watts, British philosopher (d. 1973)
* January 7
** Franz Bartl, Austrian field handball player (d. 1941)
** Helen Mussallem, Canadian nursing administrator (d. 2012)
* January 9
** Fernando Lamas, Argentine-born actor (d. 1982)
** Anita Louise, American actress (d. 1970)
* January 11 – Robert Blair Mayne, British soldier, co-founder of the Special Air Service (d. 1955)
* January 16
** Susan Ahn Cuddy, United States Navy gunnery officer (d. 2015)
** Leslie H. Martinson, American film director (d. 2016)
*
January 17
Events Pre-1600
* 38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey.
* 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 people on ...
– Sammy Angott, American boxer (d. 1980)
*
January 18
Events Pre-1600
* 474 – Seven-year-old Leo II succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I as Byzantine emperor. He dies ten months later.
* 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople fail.
* 1126 – Emperor Huizong abdicates the Chi ...
– Santiago Carrillo, Spanish politician (d. 2012)
* January 20 – Ghulam Ishaq Khan, Pakistani civil servant, 7th President of Pakistan (d. 2006)
*
January 23
Events Pre-1600
* 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor.
* 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao.
*1264 & ...
**W. Arthur Lewis, British economist, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
**Potter Stewart, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1985)
*
January 24
Events Pre-1600
* 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula.
* 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt.
*1438 – The Cou ...
– Robert Motherwell, American painter (d. 1991)
*
January 25
Events Pre-1600
* 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate.
* 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dynasty ...
– Ewan MacColl, English folk singer, songwriter, and poet (d. 1989)
* January 29
**Albert Henderson (actor), Albert Henderson, American actor (d. 2004)
**V. V. Sadagopan, Indian film actor, music teacher, performer and composer (d. unknown)
* January 30
** Ed Keats, American rear admiral (d. 2019)
** Joachim Peiper, German Waffen-SS officer (d. 1976)
** John Profumo, British politician (d. 2006)
*
January 31
Events Pre-1600
* 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades.
* 1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on the t ...
– Thomas Merton, American monk, author (d. 1968)
February
![Paul W](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Paul_W._Tibbets.JPG)
* February 1
** Alicia Rhett, American actress (d. 2014)
** Artur London, Czech statesman (d. 1986)
** Sir Stanley Matthews, English footballer (d. 2000)
* February 2
** Abba Eban, South African-born Israeli foreign affairs minister (d. 2002)
** Khushwant Singh, Indian writer (d. 2014)
*
February 4
Events Pre–1600
* 211 – Following the death of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians, the empire is left in the control of his two quarrellin ...
** Ray Evans, American composer (d. 2007)
** Sir Norman Wisdom, English comedian, singer, and actor (d. 2010)
* February 5 – Robert Hofstadter, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1990
File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of Humankind, humanity on Earth, Astroph ...
)
* February 6 – Danuta Szaflarska, Polish actress (d. 2017)
* February 7
** Teoctist Arăpașu, Ex-Romanian Orthodox Church Patriarch (d. 2007)
** Georges-André Chevallaz, 78th President of the Swiss Confederation (d. 2002)
** Liu Jie, Chinese politician (d. 2018)
* February 10 – Karl Winsch, American professional baseball player, manager (d. 2001)
* February 11
** Patrick Leigh Fermor, British author (d. 2011)
** Harry Walker (rugby union), Harry Walker, English rugby union player (d. 2018)
** Richard Hamming, American mathematician (d. 1998)
* February 12
** Richard G. Colbert, American admiral (d. 1973)
** Lorne Greene, Canadian actor (d. 1987)
** Olivia Hooker, American civil rights figure (d. 2018)
* February 13 – Aung San, Burmese national leader (d. 1947)
* February 16
** Elisabeth Eybers, South African poet (d. 2007)
** Jim O'Hora, American college football coach (d. 2005)
* February 19
**Fred Freiberger, American screenwriter, television producer (d. 2003)
**John Freeman (British politician), John Freeman, British politician (d. 2014)
*
February 20
Events Pre-1600
*1339 – The Milanese army and the St. George's (San Giorgio) Mercenaries of Lodrisio Visconti clash in the Battle of Parabiago; Visconti is defeated.
*1472 – Orkney and Shetland are pawned by Norway to Scotland ...
– Danuta Szaflarska Polish screen, stage actress (d. 2017)
* February 21
** Ann Sheridan, American film actress (d. 1967)
** Anton Vratuša, 8th Prime Minister of Slovenia (d. 2017)
* February 23
**Jon Hall (actor), Jon Hall, American actor (d. 1979)
**Paul Tibbets, American World War II bomber pilot (''Enola Gay'') (d. 2007)
*
February 25
Events Pre-1600
* 138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor.
* 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II.
...
– S. Rajaratnam, 1st Senior Minister of Singapore (d. 2006)
* February 27 – Dick Crockett, American actor, stunt performer (d. 1979)
* February 28
** Peter Medawar, Brazilian-born scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1987)
** Zero Mostel, American film, stage actor (d. 1977)
March
![Jacques Chaban-Delmas-1 (cropped)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Jacques_Chaban-Delmas-1_%28cropped%29.jpg)
*
March 1
Events Pre-1600
*509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first Roman triumph, triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia.
* 293 – Emperor ...
– Elizabeth Peet McIntosh, American spy (d. 2015)
* March 4
**László Csatáry, László Csizsik-Csatáry, Hungarian convicted Nazi war criminal (d. 2013)
**Carlos Surinach, Spanish composer (d. 1997)
* March 5 – Sydney Sturgess, British-Canadian actress (d. 1999)
* March 6
** Mary Ward (actress), Mary Ward, Australian actress (d. 2021)
** Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin, Indian leader of the Dawoodi Bohra Community (d. 2014)
* March 7 – Jacques Chaban-Delmas, French politician, Prime Minister of France (d. 2000)
*
March 8 – Drue Heinz, American literary publisher (d. 2018)
* March 9 – Johnnie Johnson (RAF officer), John Edgar "Johnnie" Johnson, English pilot (d. 2001)
*
March 11 – Vijay Hazare, Indian cricketer (d. 2004)
* March 15 – Carl Emil Schorske, American cultural historian (d. 2015)
* March 17 – Bill Roycroft, Australian equestrian (d. 2011)
*
March 19 – Patricia Morison, American actress (d. 2018)
* March 20
** Rudolf Kirchschläger, Austrian politician, 8th President of Austria (d. 2000)
** Sviatoslav Richter, Ukrainian pianist (d. 1997)
** Marie M. Runyon, American politician, activist (d. 2018)
** Sister Rosetta Tharpe, American singer (d. 1973)
* March 23
** Tom Pashby, Canadian ophthalmologist and sport safety advocate (d. 2005)
** Vasily Zaitsev (sniper), Vasily Zaytsev, Soviet sniper (d. 1991)
*
March 27 – Robert Lockwood Jr., American musician (d. 2006)
*
March 28
Events Pre-1600
* AD 37 – Roman emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, bestowed on him by the Senate.
* 193 – After assassinating the Roman Emperor Pertinax, his Praetorian Guards auction off the throne to Di ...
– Jeremy Hutchinson, Baron Hutchinson of Lullington, Jeremy Hutchinson, British lawyer, peer (d. 2017)
* March 30
** Brockway McMillan, American government official and scientist (d. 2016)
** Arsenio Erico, Paraguayan footballer (d. 1977)
** Pietro Ingrao, Italian politician (d. 2015)
* March 31 – Albert Hourani, English historian (d. 1993)
April
![Anthony Quinn publicity photo, unknown date (cropped)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Anthony_Quinn_publicity_photo%2C_unknown_date_%28cropped%29.jpg)
* April 1 – O. W. Fischer, Austrian actor (d. 2004)
* April 3
** Axel Axgil, Danish LGBT rights activist (d. 2011)
** Piet de Jong, Dutch politician, naval officer, Ministry of Defence (Netherlands), Minister of Defence (1963–1967), and Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1967–1971) (d. 2016)
** İhsan Doğramacı, Turkish physician, academic (d. 2010)
** Paul Touvier, French Nazi collaborator (d. 1996)
* April 4 – Dorothy Fay, American actress (d. 2003)
* April 6
** Tadeusz Kantor, Polish painter, assemblage designer and theatre director (d.
1990
File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of Humankind, humanity on Earth, Astroph ...
)
** Thelma McKenzie, Australian cricketer
* April 7
** Stanley Adams (actor), Stanley Adams, American actor and screenwriter (d. 1977)
** Albert O. Hirschman, German-born economist (d. 2012)
** Billie Holiday, African-American singer (d. 1959)
* April 8
** Sir Alan Dawtry, British local government official (d. 2018)
** Ivan Supek, Croatian physicist, author, and human rights activist (d. 2007)
* April 10
** Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan, Kashmiri guerrilla leader (d. 2003)
** Harry Morgan, American actor and director (d. 2011)
* April 12
** George Hogan (basketball), George Hogan, American professional basketball player (d. 1965)
** Hound Dog Taylor, American guitarist, singer (d. 1975)
*
April 19
Events Pre-1600
*AD 65 – The freedman Milichus betrays Piso's plot to kill the Emperor Nero and all the conspirators are arrested.
* 531 – Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persians at ...
– Vonda Phelps, American actress (d. 2004)
* April 20
** Aurora Miranda, Brazilian singer and actress (d. 2005)
** Zita Szeleczky, Hungarian actress (d. 1999)
* April 21 – Anthony Quinn, Mexican actor (d. 2001)
*
April 24 – Sam Burston, Australian farmer (d. 2015)
* April 29 – Donald Mills, lead tenor of the Mills Brothers (d. 1999)
* April 30 – Elio Toaff, Italian rabbi (d. 2015)
May
![MarioMonicelli](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/MarioMonicelli.jpg)
*
May 1 – Archie Williams, American athlete (d. 1993)
* May 2
** Van Alexander, American bandleader, arranger and composer (d. 2015)
** Doris Fisher (songwriter), Doris Fisher, American singer and songwriter (d. 2003)
*
May 3
** Michele Cozzoli, Italian composer, conductor and arranger (d. 1961)
** Stu Hart, Canadian wrestling trainer (d. 2003)
*
May 5 – Alice Faye, American entertainer (d. 1998)
*
May 6
** Sydney Carter, British musician, poet and songwriter (d. 2004)
** Orson Welles, American actor and director (d. 1985)
* May 8 – John Archer (actor), John Archer, American actor (d. 1999)
* May 10
** Beyers Naudé, South African cleric, theologian and activist (d. 2004)
** Sir Denis Thatcher, British businessman, husband of Margaret Thatcher (d. 2003)
* May 12
** Brother Roger, Swiss founder of the Taizé Community (d. 2005)
** Tadashi Sasaki (engineer), Tadashi Sasaki, Japanese engineer (d. 2018)
* May 15
** Ida Keeling, American track and field athlete (d. 2021)
** Evelyn Owen, Australian gun designer (d. 1949)
** Paul Samuelson, American economist, Nobel Prize in Economics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2009)
* May 16 – Mario Monicelli, Italian film director (d. 2010)
*
May 19 – Renée Asherson, British actress (d. 2014)
* May 20 – Moshe Dayan, Israeli military leader and politician (d. 1981)
*
May 25 – Aarne Kainlauri, Finnish athlete (d. 2020)
*
May 27
Events Pre-1600
* 1096 – Count Emicho enters Mainz, where his followers massacre Jewish citizens. At least 600 Jews are killed.
* 1120 – Richard III of Capua is anointed as Prince two weeks before his untimely death.
* 1153 &ndash ...
** Ester Soré, Chilean musician (d. 1996)
** Herman Wouk, American author (d. 2019)
*
May 29 – Karl Münchinger, German conductor (d.
1990
File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of Humankind, humanity on Earth, Astroph ...
)
* May 31 – Carmen Herrera, Cuban-American painter (d. 2022)
June
![Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F054628-0037, Ludwigshafen, CDU-Bundesparteitag, Rumor](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F054628-0037%2C_Ludwigshafen%2C_CDU-Bundesparteitag%2C_Rumor.jpg)
* June 1
** Johnny Bond, American country music singer and songwriter (d. 1978)
** John Randolph (actor), John Randolph, American actor (d. 2004)
* June 2
** Jason Lee (judge), Jason Lee, American politician and judge (d. 1980)
** Tapio Wirkkala, Finnish designer (d. 1985)
*
June 3
Events Pre-1600
* 350 – The Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman emperor, entering Rome at the head of a group of gladiators.
* 713 – The Byzantine Empire, Byzantine emperor Philippikos Ba ...
– Milton Cato, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (d. 1997)
* June 4 – Modibo Keïta, 1st President of Mali (d. 1977)
*
June 9
** Ken Feltscheer, Australian rules footballer (d. 2017)
** Les Paul, American inventor and musician (d. 2009)
* June 10
** Saul Bellow, Canadian-born writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)
** Peride Celal, Turkish author (d. 2013)
** Inia Te Wiata, New Zealand Māori bass-baritone opera singer, film actor, whakairo (carver) and artist (d. 1971)
*
June 11
** Buddy Baer, American boxer and actor (d. 1986)
** Magda Gabor, Hungarian-American actress (d. 1997)
* June 12
** William MacVane, American surgeon and politician (d. 2010)
** David Rockefeller, American banker and philanthropist (d. 2017)
* June 14
** Loke Wan Tho, Singaporean business magnate, ornithologist, and photographer (d. 1964)
** Zoe Dell Nutter, American dancer, model, promoter, pilot and philanthropist (d. 2020)
* June 15
** Kaiser Matanzima, President of the Transkei bantustan (d. 2003)
** Nini Theilade, Danish ballet dancer, choreographer and teacher (d. 2018)
** Thomas Huckle Weller, American virologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2008)
*
June 16 – Mariano Rumor, Italian politician and Prime Minister of Italy from 1968 to 1970 and again from 1973 to 1974 (d.
1990
File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of Humankind, humanity on Earth, Astroph ...
)
* June 17
** Mario Echandi Jiménez, President of Costa Rica (d. 2011)
** Karl Targownik, Hungarian psychiatrist and Holocaust survivor (d. 1996)
** Walter J. Zable, American founder and CEO of Cubic Corporation (d. 2012)
* June 20 – Terence Young (director), Terence Young, British film director and screenwriter (d. 1994)
* June 21 – Karol Miklosz, Polish-Soviet footballer, Soviet referee and Soviet-Ukrainian football administrator (d. 2003)
*
June 22
** Duncan Clark (athlete), Duncan Clark, Scottish athlete (d. 2003)
** Randolph Hokanson, American pianist (d. 2018)
** Hatsuko Morioka, Japanese freestyle swimmer
** Cornelius Warmerdam, American track & field athlete (d. 2001)
* June 24
** Fred Hoyle, British astronomer (d. 2001)
** Bill Radovich, American football guard (d. 2002)
* June 25 – Floyd Boring, American Secret Service agent (d. 2008)
* June 26
** George Haigh, English professional footballer (d. 2019)
** Charlotte Zolotow, American author (d. 2013)
* June 27
** Grace Lee Boggs, American author, social activist, and philosopher (d. 2015)
** Graham Botting, New Zealand cricketer and hockey (d. 2007)
** Marie Clarke, American activist and labor leader (d. 2020)
** Aideu Handique, Indian actress (d. 2002)
** John Alexander Moore, American zoology professor emeritus (d. 2002)
* June 28
** David "Honeyboy" Edwards, American musician (d. 2011)
** Muzz Patrick, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1998)
** Carmen Vidal, Spanish cosmetologist and businesswoman (d. 2003)
* June 29 – John Charles Cutler, American surgeon (d. 2003)
* June 30
** Oskar-Hubert Dennhardt, German officer (d. 2014)
** Robert E. Hopkins, president of the Optical Society of America in 1973 (d. 2009)
July
![Lt](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Lt._Joseph_P._Kennedy%2C_Jr._Navy.JPG)
*
July 1
Events Pre-1600
* 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor.
* 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...
** A. F. M. Ahsanuddin Chowdhury, 9th President of Bangladesh (d. 2001)
** Willie Dixon, American blues musician (d. 1992)
** Philip Lever, 3rd Viscount Leverhulme, British peer (d. 2000)
** Rudolf Pernický, Czechoslovak soldier and paratrooper (d. 2005)
** Boots Poffenberger, American Major League Baseball pitcher (d. 1999)
** Oscar Valicelli, Argentine actor (d. 1999)
* July 3
** Ralph Chapin, American businessman (d. 2000)
** Marta Grandi, Italian entomologist (d. 2005)
* July 4 – Timmie Rogers, American actor and singer-songwriter (d. 2006)
* July 5
** Yu Guangyuan, Chinese economist (d. 2013)
** Al Timothy, Trinidadian musician (d. 2000)
** John Woodruff (athlete), John Woodruff, American athlete (d. 2007)
* July 6
** Leonard Birchall, Royal Canadian Air Force (d. 2004)
** Javare Gowda, Indian language author (d. 2016)
*
July 7
** Reynaldo Guerra Garza, American judge (d. 2004)
** Adalbert Gurath Sr., Romanian fencer (d.
1990
File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of Humankind, humanity on Earth, Astroph ...
)
** Billy Mure, American guitarist (d. 2013)
** Terry O'Sullivan, American actor (d. 2006)
* July 8
** Lowell English, United States Marine Corps general (d. 2005)
** Neil D. Van Sickle, American Air Force major general (d. 2019)
*
July 9
Events Pre-1600
*118 – Hadrian, who became emperor a year previously on Trajan's death, makes his entry into Rome.
* 381 – The end of the First Council of Christian bishops convened in Constantinople by the Roman Emperor Theodos ...
** Joan Tompkins, American actress (d. 2005)
* July 10 – Kevin Barrett (footballer), Kevin Barrett, Australian rules footballer (d. 1984)
*
July 11
Events Pre-1600
* 472 – After being besieged in Rome by his own generals, Western Roman Emperor Anthemius is captured in St. Peter's Basilica and put to death.
* 813 – Byzantine emperor Michael I, under threat by conspiracies, abd ...
– Leonard Goodwin, British protozoologist (d. 2008)
* July 12
** Princess Catherine Ivanovna of Russia (d. 2007)
** Emanuel Papper, American anesthesiologist, professor, and author (d. 2002)
* July 13
** Tex Hill, Korean-American fighter pilot and flying ace (d. 2007)
** Paul Williams (saxophonist), Paul Williams, African American jazz and blues saxophonist, bandleader and songwriter (d. 2002)
*
July 14
Events Pre-1600
* 982 – King Otto II and his Frankish army are defeated by the Muslim army of al-Qasim at Cape Colonna, Southern Italy.
* 1223 – Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father, Philip II.
* 1420 ...
– Harold Pupkewitz, Namibian entrepreneur (d. 2012)
* July 15
** William O. Baker, president of Bell Labs (d. 2005)
** Alicia Zubasnabar de De la Cuadra, Argentine human rights activist (d. 2008)
** A. A. Englander, British television cinematographer (d. 2004)
** Albert Ghiorso, American nuclear scientist (d. 2010)
** Kashmir Singh Katoch, Indian military advisor (d. 2007)
** Alexandru Usatiuc-Bulgăr, Moldovan activist (d. 2003)
* July 16 – Elaine Barrie, American actress (d. 2003)
* July 17
** Fred Ball, American movie studio executive, actor, and brother of comedian Lucille Ball (d. 2007)
** Arthur Rothstein, American photographer (d. 1985)
* July 18
** Roxana Cannon Arsht, American judge (d. 2003)
** Carequinha, Brazilian clown, actor (d. 2006)
** Louis Le Bailly, British Royal Navy officer (d. 2010)
* July 19
** Rita Childers, First Lady of Ireland (1973–1974) (d. 2010)
** Katherine Sanford, American biologist (d. 2005)
* July 20
** Matest M. Agrest, Russian-Jewish mathematician (d. 2005)
** Gene Hasson, American Major League Baseball infielder (d. 2003)
*
July 22
Events Pre-1600
* 838 – Battle of Anzen: The Byzantine emperor Theophilos suffers a heavy defeat by the Abbasids.
*1099 – First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of J ...
– Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah, Pakistani female politician, diplomat and author (d. 2000)
*
July 24 – Enrique Fernando, Chief Justice of the Philippine Supreme Court (d. 2004)
* July 25
** S. U. Ethirmanasingham, Sri Lankan businessman and politician
** Julio Iglesias, Sr., Spanish gynecologist, father of Julio Iglesias (d. 2005)
** Joseph P. Kennedy Jr., American fighter pilot, brother of John F. Kennedy (d. 1944)
* July 26 – K. Pattabhi Jois, Indian yogi (d. 2009)
*
July 28
** Red Barrett, American baseball player (d.
1990
File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of Humankind, humanity on Earth, Astroph ...
)
** Helena Dunicz-Niwińska, Polish violinist, translator and author (d. 2018)
** Charles Hard Townes, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2015)
** Frankie Yankovic, American accordion player (d. 1998)
August
![Lilian of Sweden 1940s as Mrs](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Lilian_of_Sweden_1940s_as_Mrs._Craig.jpg)
* August 2
** Gary Merrill, American actor (d.
1990
File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of Humankind, humanity on Earth, Astroph ...
)
** Neville Wigram, 2nd Baron Wigram, British army officer (d. 2017)
* August 3
** Frank Arthur Calder, Canadian politician (d. 2006)
** Pete Newell, Canadian-born basketball coach (d. 2008)
* August 4 – William Keene, American actor (d. 1992)
* August 8
** Alex Schoenbaum, American collegiate football player and businessman (d. 1996)
** María Rostworowski, Peruvian historian (d. 2016)
** Joseph P. Graw, American businessman and politician (d. 2018)
* August 9 – George W. BonDurant, American preacher (d. 2017)
* August 12
** Donald Pellmann, American masters athlete (d. 2020)
** Michael Kidd, American choreographer (d. 2007)
* August 14
** Vincent Foy, Canadian Roman Catholic cleric, theologian (d. 2017)
** Irene Hickson, American professional baseball player (d. 1995)
*
August 16
Events Pre-1600
* 1 BC – Wang Mang consolidates his power in China and is declared marshal of state. Emperor Ai of Han, who died the previous day, had no heirs.
* 942 – Start of the four-day Battle of al-Mada'in, between the Hamdan ...
– Herbert Greenwald, American real estate developer (d. 1959)
* August 18 – Joseph Arthur Ankrah, 2nd President of Ghana (d. 1992)
* August 19 – Ring Lardner Jr., American film screenwriter (d. 2000)
* August 21 – Arnold Goodman, Baron Goodman, British lawyer, political adviser (d. 1995)
* August 24
** Dave McCoy, American founder of the Mammoth Mountain Ski Area (d. 2020)
** Wynonie Harris, African-American blues, rhythm and blues singer (d. 1969)
* August 25 – Walter Trampler, American violist (d. 1997)
* August 27 – Norman F. Ramsey, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2011)
* August 28
** Tol Avery, American actor (d. 1973)
** Simon Oakland, American actor (d. 1983)
** Max Robertson, British sports commentator (d. 2009)
* August 29 – Ingrid Bergman, Swedish actress (d. 1982)
* August 30
** Princess Lilian, Duchess of Halland, British-born Swedish princess (d. 2013)
** Robert Strassburg, American composer (d. 2003)
* August 31 – Víctor Pey, Spanish-Chilean engineer (d. 2018)
September
![Franz Josef Strauß 1982](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Franz_Josef_Strau%C3%9F_1982.jpg)
* September 2 – Meinhardt Raabe, American actor (d. 2010)
* September 3
** Knut Nystedt, Norwegian composer (d. 2014)
** Eddie Stanky, American baseball player and manager (d. 1999)
*
September 6 – Franz Josef Strauss, German politician (d. 1988)
*
September 7
Events Pre-1600
* 70 – A Roman army under Titus occupies and plunders Jerusalem.
* 878 – Louis the Stammerer is crowned as king of West Francia by Pope John VIII.
*1159 – Pope Alexander III is chosen.
*1191 – Third Cru ...
– Richard E. Cole, American air force officer (d. 2019)
*
September 8 – Frank Cady, American actor (d. 2012)
* September 9 – Richard Webb (actor), Richard Webb, American actor (d. 1993)
* September 10
** Viva Leroy Nash, American murderer, oldest death row inmate (d. 2010)
** Edmond O'Brien, American actor (d. 1985)
** Robert Sparr, American film director and screenwriter (d. 1969)
*
September 11 – Raúl Alberto Lastiri, 39th President of Argentina (d. 1978)
* September 14
** John Dobson (amateur astronomer), John Dobson, American astronomer (d. 2014)
** Douglas Kennedy (actor), Douglas Kennedy, American actor (d. 1973)
* September 15
** Helmut Schön, German football player, manager (d. 1996)
** Albert Whitlock, British-born Matte (filmmaking), matte artist (d. 1999)
* September 16 – Eddie Filgate, Irish politician (d. 2017)
* September 17 – M. F. Husain, Indian artist (d. 2011)
* September 19 – Germán Valdés, Mexican actor, singer and comedian (d. 1973)
* September 20 – Malik Meraj Khalid, Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 2003)
* September 22 – Bernardino Piñera, Chilean Roman Catholic bishop (d. 2020)
* September 23
** Julius Baker, American flautist (d. 2003)
** Zdenko Blažeković, Croatian politician (d. 1947)
** Clifford Shull, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2001)
* September 24 – Joseph Montoya, American politician (d. 1978)
* September 27 – Ira Colitz, American politician (d. 1998)
* September 28 – Kay Mander, British film director, shooting continuity specialist (d. 2013)
* September 29
** Vincent DeDomenico, American entrepreneur (d. 2007)
** Brenda Marshall, American actress (d. 1992)
*
September 30
Events Pre-1600
* 489 – The Ostrogoths under Theoderic the Great defeat the forces of Odoacer for the second time.
* 737 – The Turgesh drive back an Umayyad invasion of Khuttal, follow them south of the Oxus, and capture their b ...
** Nadezhda Fedutenko, Soviet red army officer (d. 1978)
** Lester Maddox, Governor of Georgia (d. 2003)
October
![Yitzhak Shamir (1980)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Yitzhak_Shamir_%281980%29.jpg)
* October 1
** Jerome Bruner, American psychologist (d. 2016)
** Talat Tunçalp, Turkish Olympian cyclist (d. 2017)
* October 2 – Chuck Williams (author), Chuck Williams, American businessman (d. 2015)
* October 6 – Neus Català, Spanish political activist (d. 2019)
* October 7 – Walter Keane, American plagiarist (d. 2000)
* October 11 – T. Llew Jones, Welsh author, poet (d. 2009)
*
October 12
** José Bragato, Italian-born Argentine cellist, composer, conductor and arranger (d. 2017)
** Tony Rafty, Australian caricaturist (d. 2015)
* October 13 – Frederick Rosier, British Royal Air Force commander (d. 1998)
*
October 14
Events Pre-1600
*1066 – The Norman conquest of England begins with the Battle of Hastings.
* 1322 – Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at the Battle of Old Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's i ...
– Loris Francesco Capovilla, Italian Roman Catholic prelate (d. 2016)
* October 17
** Victor Garaygordóbil Berrizbeitia, Spanish Roman Catholic bishop (d. 2018)
** H. Basil S. Cooke, Canadian geologist, palaeontologist (d. 2018)
** John J. McKetta, American chemical engineer (d. 2019)
** Arthur Miller, American playwright (d. 2005)
* October 18 – Thomas Round, English opera singer, actor (d. 2016)
* October 19 – Andreas Peter Cornelius Sol, Dutch prelate (d. 2016)
* October 21 – Aleksandr Ezhevsky, Soviet engineer, statesman (d. 2017)
* October 22 – Yitzhak Shamir, Israeli politician (d. 2012)
* October 23 – Shin Hyun-joon (general), Shin Hyun-joon, South Korean general (d. 2007)
* October 24 – Bob Kane, American comic book artist/writer, co-creator of Batman (d. 1998)
* October 27 – Harry Saltzman, Canadian theatre, film producer (d. 1994)
* October 28 – Dody Goodman, American actress, dancer (d. 2008)
* October 29 – William Berenberg, American physician (d. 2005)
November
![Sargent Shriver 1961](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Sargent_Shriver_1961.jpg)
* November 1
** Marion Eugene Carl, U.S. Marine Corps World War II fighter ace, test pilot (d. 1998)
** Frances Hesselbein, American President, CEO of the Frances Hesselbein Leadership Institute
** Eva Macapagal, 9th First Lady of the Philippines (d. 1999)
* November 2 – Kay Armen, American Armenian singer (d. 2011)
* November 4
** Wee Kim Wee, 4th President of Singapore (d. 2005)
** Ismail Abdul Rahman, Malaysian politician (d. 1973)
* November 7
** Philip Morrison, American physicist, astrophysicist and professor (d. 2005)
** Jiao Ruoyu, Chinese Communist Party politician (d. 2020)
* November 8 – Richard Luyt, 1st Governor General of Guyana (d. 1994)
* November 9 – Sargent Shriver, American politician (d. 2011)
* November 11
** William Proxmire, United States Senator (d. 2005)
** Anna Schwartz, American economist (d. 2012)
* November 12 – Roland Barthes, French philosopher, literary critic (d. 1980)
* November 13 – Clara Marangoni, Italian gymnast (d. 2018)
* November 17 – Albert Malbois, French prelate (d. 2017)
* November 18 – James Whittico Jr., American physician (d. 2018)
* November 19 – Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr., American physiologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1974)
* November 20 – Bill Daniel (politician), Bill Daniel, American politician (d. 2006)
* November 23
** John Dehner, American actor (d. 1992)
** Julio César Méndez Montenegro, President of Guatemala (d. 1996)
* November 25
** Augusto Pinochet, 31st President of Chile (d. 2006)
** Armando Villanueva, leader of the Peruvian American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (d. 2013)
* November 29
** Eugene Polley, American electronics engineer (d. 2012)
** Billy Strayhorn, American jazz pianist-composer (d. 1967)
* November 30
** Brownie McGhee, American musician (d. 1996)
** Emmanuel Pelaez, 6th Vice President of the Philippines (d. 2003)
** Henry Taube, Canadian-born chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)
December
![Curd Juergens by Günter Rittner 1980](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Curd_Juergens_by_G%C3%BCnter_Rittner_1980.jpg)
* December 2
** Takahito, Prince Mikasa, Prince Takahito of Mikasa, younger brother of Japanese Emperor Hirohito (d. 2016)
** Marais Viljoen, President of South Africa (d. 2007)
* December 5 – Ren Xinmin, Chinese aerospace engineer (d. 2017)
* December 6 – Alan Sayers, New Zealand journalist, photographer and athlete (d. 2017)
* December 7 – Eli Wallach, American actor (d. 2014)
* December 8 – Ernest Lehman, American screenwriter (d. 2005)
* December 9 – Elisabeth Schwarzkopf, German-born soprano (d. 2006)
* December 12
** Felicity Hill, British Royal Air Force officer (d. 2019)
** Frank Sinatra, American singer, actor (d. 1998)
* December 13
** Curd Juergens, Austrian-German film actor (d. 1982)
** B. J. Vorster, South African politician, Prime Minister and State President (d. 1983)
* December 14 – Dan Dailey, American actor, dancer (d. 1978)
* December 15
**Kenshiro Abbe, Japanese master of judo, aikido, and kendo (d. 1985)
**Charles F. Wheeler, American cinematographer (d. 2004)
* December 17 – Robert A. Dahl, American political scientist (d. 2014)
* December 18 – Bill Zuckert, American actor (d. 1997)
* December 19
** Ke Hua, Chinese diplomat (d. 2019)
** Édith Piaf, French singer (d. 1963)
* December 21 – Werner von Trapp, member of the Austrian Trapp Family Singers (d. 2007)
* December 22 – Barbara Billingsley, American actress (d. 2010)
* December 27
** Mary Kornman, American child actress (d. 1973)
** Gyula Zsengellér, Hungarian footballer (d. 1999)
* December 31 – Davuldena Gnanissara Thero, Sri Lankan Buddhist monk (d. 2017)
Deaths
January
![Wyndham Halswelle](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Wyndham_Halswelle.jpg)
* January 9 – Yang Shoujing, Chinese historical geographer and calligrapher (b. 1839)
* January 10 – Marshall Pinckney Wilder, American actor, humorist, comedian and monologist (b. 1859)
* January 13 – Mary Slessor, Scottish Christian missionary (b. 1848)
* January 14 – Richard Meux Benson, English founder of an Anglican religious order (b. 1824)
*
January 18
Events Pre-1600
* 474 – Seven-year-old Leo II succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I as Byzantine emperor. He dies ten months later.
* 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople fail.
* 1126 – Emperor Huizong abdicates the Chi ...
– Anatoly Stessel, Russian baron and general (b. 1848)
*
January 19
Events Pre-1600
* 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to ''Augustus'', and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire.
* 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surrender ...
– Anna Leonowens (Anna of ''The King and I'') (b. 1831)
* January 22 – James M. Spangler, American inventor (b. 1848)
February
* February 3 – Bosnian Serb conspirators (executed for their part in the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria):
** Veljko Čubrilović (b. 1886)
** Danilo Ilić (b. 1891)
** Miško Jovanović (b. 1878)
* February 5 – Ross Barnes, American baseball player (b. 1850)
*
February 18
Events Pre-1600
* 1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Bethlehem with neither military engagements nor support from the papacy.
* 1268 &ndas ...
** Francisco Giner de los Ríos, Spanish philosopher, educator (b. 1839)
** Frank James, American outlaw (b. 1843)
* February 22 – John Gough (VC), Sir John Gough, British general, Victoria Cross recipient (killed in action) (b. 1871)
* February 26 –Edward Richardson, New Zealand engineer and politician (b. 1831)
March
* March 4 – William Willett, English promoter of daylight saving time (b. 1856)
* March 13 – Sergei Witte, Russian aristocrat, statesman and Prime Minister (b. 1849)
*
March 14
Events Pre-1600
* 1074 – Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland.
* 1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the Huguen ...
– Lincoln J. Beachey, American pilot (b. 1887)
![Friedrich Loeffler 3](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Friedrich_Loeffler_3.jpg)
* March 15 – George Llewelyn Davies, English soldier, inspiration for the "Lost Boys" of ''Peter Pan'' (killed in action) (b. 1893)
* March 21 – Frederick Winslow Taylor, American engineer, economist (b. 1856)
* March 24 − Morgan Robertson, American author (b. 1861)
* March 31
** Wyndham Halswelle, Scottish runner (killed in action) (b. 1882)
** Nathan Rothschild, 1st Baron Rothschild, British banker and politician (b. 1840)
April
* April 4 – Andrew Stoddart, English sportsman (b. 1863)
* April 9 – Friedrich Loeffler, German bacteriologist (b. 1852)
*
April 26 – Ida Hunt Udall, American Latter-day Saint diarist (b. 1858)
* April 16 – Nelson W. Aldrich, U.S. Senator from Rhode Island (b. 1841)
* April 20 – Daniel Webster Jones (Mormon), Daniel Webster Jones, American Latter-day Saint pioneer (b. 1830)
* April 23
** Rupert Brooke, English poet (sepsis from an infected mosquito bite on active service) (b. 1887)
** Frederick Fisher (VC), Frederick Fisher, Canadian recipient of Victoria Cross (killed in action) (b. 1894)
*
April 25 – Frederick W. Seward, American politician (b. 1830)
*
April 26 – John Bunny, American actor (b. 1863)
* April 27
** William Barnard Rhodes-Moorhouse, English airman, first aviator awarded Victoria Cross (b. 1887)
** Alexander Scriabin, Russian composer (b. 1872)
*April 30 - Edward D. Easton, founder and president of Columbia Phonograph Company
May
*
May 7 –
Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt, American sportsman (b.
1877
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Queen Victoria is proclaimed ''Empress of India'' by the ''Royal Titles Act 1876'', introduced by Benjamin Disraeli, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom .
* January 8 – Great Sio ...
; died in the
Sinking of the RMS ''Lusitania'')
*
May 9
Events Pre-1600
* 328 – Athanasius is elected Patriarch of Alexandria.
*1009 – Lombard Revolt: Lombard forces led by Melus revolt in Bari against the Byzantine Catepanate of Italy.
*1386 – England and Portugal formally rati ...
** François Faber, Luxembourgian cyclist (killed in action) (b. 1887)
** Anthony Wilding, New Zealand tennis player (killed in action) (b. 1883)
* May 18 – William Bridges (general), Sir William Bridges, Australian army general (b. 1861)
* May 24 – John Condon (British Army soldier), John Condon, Irish private soldier in British Army, claimed as youngest British soldier to die in WWI (killed in action) (b. 1896)
* May 26
** Emil Lask, German philosopher (killed in action) (b. 1875)
** Julian Grenfell, English poet (killed in action) (b. 1888)
* May 30 – Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero, 3-time Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1832)
* May 31 – Victor Child Villiers, 7th Earl of Jersey, 18th Governor of New South Wales (b. 1845)
June
*
June 5
Events Pre-1600
*1257 – Kraków, in Poland, receives city rights.
*1283 – Battle of the Gulf of Naples: Roger of Lauria, admiral to King Peter III of Aragon, destroys the Neapolitan fleet and captures Charles II of Naples, Charles ...
– Henri Gaudier-Brzeska, French artist and sculptor (killed in action) (b. 1891)
* June 7 – Charles Reed Bishop, American businessman, philanthropist in Hawaii (b. 1822)
* June 10 – Ignatius Maloyan, Armenian Eastern Catholic archbishop and blessed (b. 1869)
* June 13 – Zbigniew Dunin-Wasowicz, Polish military leader (killed in action) (b. 1882)
*
June 19 – Benjamin F. Isherwood, American admiral, United States Navy Engineer-in-Chief (b. 1822)
* June 25 – Tok Janggut, Malayan rebel leader (killed in action) (b. 1853)
July
![TupperUniform](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/TupperUniform.jpg)
* July 2 – Porfirio Díaz, 29th President of Mexico (b. 1830)
* July 6 – Lawrence Hargrave, Australian engineer (b. 1850)
* July 10 – Alice Bellvadore Sams Turner, American physician (b. 1859)
* July 16 – Ellen G. White, American prophetess, co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, most translated American author (b. 1827)
* July 18 – Ozra Amander Hadley, American politician (b. 1826)
*
July 22
Events Pre-1600
* 838 – Battle of Anzen: The Byzantine emperor Theophilos suffers a heavy defeat by the Abbasids.
*1099 – First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of J ...
– Sandford Fleming, Sir Sandford Fleming, Canadian engineer and inventor (b. 1827)
* July 25 – Virginie Amélie Avegno Gautreau, American-born French socialite, model for the painting ''Portrait of Madame X'' (b. 1859)
* July 30 – Charles Becker, American policeman and murderer (executed) (b. 1870)
August
* August 10 – Henry Moseley, English physicist (killed in action) (b. 1887)
*
August 16
Events Pre-1600
* 1 BC – Wang Mang consolidates his power in China and is declared marshal of state. Emperor Ai of Han, who died the previous day, had no heirs.
* 942 – Start of the four-day Battle of al-Mada'in, between the Hamdan ...
– Kálmán Széll, 13th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1843)
* August 17 – Leo Frank, Jewish-American factory superintendent who was falsely convicted of the murder of Mary Phagan (b. 1884)
* August 20
** Paul Ehrlich, German scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1854)
** Carlos Finlay, Cuban pathologist (b. 1833)
* August 21 – Josiah T. Settle, American lawyer and politician (b. 1850)
* August 30
** Antonio Flores Jijón, 13th President of Ecuador (b. 1833)
** Pascual Orozco, Mexican revolutionary (b. 1882)
* August 31 – Adolphe Pégoud, French acrobatic pilot, World War I fighter ace (killed in action) (b. 1889)
September
* September 1 – August Stramm, German poet, playwright (killed in action) (b. 1874)
* September 9
** Antonín Petrof, Czech piano maker (b. 1839)
** Albert Spalding, American baseball player, sporting goods manufacturer (b. 1850)
*
September 11 – William Sprague IV, American politician from Rhode Island (b. 1830)
* September 13 – Andrew L. Harris, American Civil War hero, 44th Governor of Ohio (b. 1835)
* September 21 – Anthony Comstock, American anti-indecency reformer (b. 1844)
* September 26 – Keir Hardie, British labour leader (b. 1856)
* September 27 – Fergus Bowes-Lyon, brother of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother (killed in action) (b. 1889)
October
* October 4
** Karl Staaff, 11th Prime Minister of Sweden (b. 1860)
** John Rigby, grandfather of Eleanor Rigby, to whom Paul McCartney attributes a subconscious influence on naming the Eleanor Rigby, song with the same name (b.1843)
* October 7 – Friedrich Hasenöhrl, Austrian physicist (b. 1874)
* October 10 – Albert Cashier, born Jennie Hodgers, Irish American soldier (b. 1843)
*
October 12 –
Edith Cavell, British nurse, war heroine (shot) (b. 1865)
* October 13 – Charles Sorley, British poet (killed in action) (b. 1895)
*
October 15
Events Pre-1600
*1066 – Following the death of Harold II at the Battle of Hastings, Edgar the Ætheling is proclaimed King of England by the Witan; he is never crowned, and concedes power to William the Conqueror two months later.
* 1211 ...
– Theodor Boveri, German biologist (b. 1862)
* October 16 – Zdeňka Wiedermannová-Motyčková, Moravian pioneer of female education (heart attack) (b. 1868)
* October 22 – Wilhelm Windelband, German philosopher (b. 1848)
* October 23 – W. G. Grace, English cricketer (b. 1848)
* October 26 – August Bungert, German composer, poet (b. 1845)
* October 30 – Charles Tupper, Sir Charles Tupper, 6th Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1821)
* October 31 – Blanche Walsh, American actress (b. 1873)
November
![Booker T Washington retouched flattened-crop](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Booker_T_Washington_retouched_flattened-crop.jpg)
* November 14
** Theodor Leschetizky, Polish pianist and composer (b. 1830)
** Booker T. Washington, American educator (b. 1856)
* November 15 – Félix de Blochausen, 6th Prime Minister of Luxembourg (b. 1834)
* November 21 – Dixie Haygood, American magician (b. 1861)
* November 28 – Mubarak Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (b. 1837)
December
* December 18 – Henry Roscoe (chemist), Sir Henry Roscoe, English chemist (b. 1833)
* December 18 – Édouard Vaillant, French Socialist politician (b. 1840)
* December 19 – Alois Alzheimer, German psychiatrist, neuropathologist (b. 1864)
* December 22 – Rose Talbot Bullard, American medical doctor, professor (b. 1864)
* December 31 – Tommaso Salvini, Italian actor (b. 1829)
Nobel Prizes
* Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Richard Willstätter
* Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Romain Rolland
* Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Medicine – not awarded
* Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – not awarded
* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg
Notes
Further reading
* Williams, John. ''The Other Battleground The Home Fronts: Britain, France and Germany 1914–1918'' (1972) pp 43–108.
Primary sources and year books
''New International Year Book 1915'' Comprehensive coverage of world and national affairs, 791pp
* ''Hazell's Annual for 1916'' (1916), worldwide events of 1915; 640p
online worldwide coverage of 1915 events; emphasis on Great Britain
External links
* Pictures of the 1915 Galveston Hurricane at th
University of Houston Digital Library
{{Events by month links
1915,