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Events

Below, the events of
World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...
have the "WWI" prefix.


January

*
January January is the first month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and is also the first of seven months to have a length of 31 days. The first day of the month is known as New Year's Day. It is, on average, the coldest month of the ...
– British physicist Sir Joseph Larmor publishes his observations on "The Influence of Local Atmospheric Cooling on Astronomical Refraction". *
January 1 January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the year. ...
** WWI: British
Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by Kingdom of England, English and Kingdom of Scotland, Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were foug ...
battleship HMS ''Formidable'' is sunk off Lyme Regis,
Dorset Dorset ( ; archaically: Dorsetshire , ) is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast. The ceremonial county comprises the unitary authority areas of Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole and Dorset. Covering an area of ...
, England, by an Imperial German Navy
U-boat U-boats were naval submarines operated by Germany, particularly in the First and Second World Wars. Although at times they were efficient fleet weapons against enemy naval warships, they were most effectively used in an economic warfare ro ...
, with the loss of 547 crew. ** Battle of Broken Hill: A train ambush near Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia, is carried out by two men (claiming to be in support of the
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
) who are killed, together with 4 civilians. * January 5Joseph E. Carberry sets an altitude record of , carrying Capt. Benjamin Delahauf Foulois as a passenger, in a fixed-wing aircraft. * January 12 ** The
United States House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives, often referred to as the House of Representatives, the U.S. House, or simply the House, is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, with the Senate being the upper chamber. Together the ...
rejects a proposal to give women the right to vote. ** ''
A Fool There Was A Fool There Was may refer to: * ''A Fool There Was'' (1914 film) or ''She Wanted a Car'', a comedy directed by Frank Griffin and featuring Oliver Hardy * ''A Fool There Was'' (1915 film), a melodrama directed by Frank Powell and starring Theda B ...
'' premières in the United States, starring Theda Bara as a '' femme fatale''; she quickly becomes one of early cinema's most sensational stars. *
January 17 Events Pre-1600 *38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey. *1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 people o ...
– WWI: Caucasus Campaign – Battle of Sarikamish: Russia defeats Ottoman Turkey. * January 18Twenty-One Demands from Japan to China are made. * January 19 ** Georges Claude patents the neon discharge tube for use in advertising. ** WWI: German
Zeppelin A Zeppelin is a type of rigid airship named after the German inventor Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin () who pioneered rigid airship development at the beginning of the 20th century. Zeppelin's notions were first formulated in 1874Eckener 1938, ...
s bomb the coastal towns of Great Yarmouth and King's Lynn in England for the first time, killing more than 20. *
January 21 Events Pre-1600 * 763 – Following the Battle of Bakhamra between Alids and Abbasids near Kufa, the Alid rebellion ends with the death of Ibrahim, brother of Isa ibn Musa. *1525 – The Swiss Anabaptist Movement is founded when Co ...
Kiwanis is founded in
Detroit Detroit ( , ; , ) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is also the largest U.S. city on the United States–Canada border, and the seat of government of Wayne County. The City of Detroit had a population of 639,111 at ...
, Michigan, as The Supreme Lodge Benevolent Order Brothers. *
January 23 Events Pre-1600 * 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor. * 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao. * 1264 &n ...
Chilembwe uprising:
Baptist Baptists form a major branch of Protestantism distinguished by baptizing professing Christianity, Christian believers only (believer's baptism), and doing so by complete Immersion baptism, immersion. Baptist churches also generally subscribe ...
minister John Chilembwe initiates an ultimately unsuccessful uprising against British colonial rule in
Nyasaland Nyasaland () was a British protectorate located in Africa that was established in 1907 when the former British Central Africa Protectorate changed its name. Between 1953 and 1963, Nyasaland was part of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasal ...
(modern-day
Malawi Malawi (; or aláwi Tumbuka: ''Malaŵi''), officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in Southeastern Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland. It is bordered by Zambia to the west, Tanzania to the north and northe ...
). *
January 24 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula. * 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt. * 1438 – The ...
– WWI: Battle of Dogger Bank: The
British Grand Fleet The Grand Fleet was the main battlefleet of the Royal Navy during the First World War. It was established in August 1914 and disbanded in April 1919. Its main base was Scapa Flow in the Orkney Islands. History Formed in August 1914 from the F ...
defeats the German High Seas Fleet, sinking the armoured cruiser . * January 25 - The first United States coast-to-coast
long-distance telephone call In telecommunications, a long-distance call (U.S.) or trunk call (also known as a toll call in the U.K. ) is a telephone call made to a location outside a defined local calling area. Long-distance calls are typically charged a higher billing r ...
is facilitated by a newly invented vacuum tube amplifier, ceremonially inaugurated by Alexander Graham Bell in New York City and his former assistant Thomas A. Watson, in San Francisco, California. *
January 26 Events Pre-1600 * 661 – The Rashidun Caliphate is effectively ended with the assassination of Ali, the last caliph. *1531 – The 6.4–7.1 Lisbon earthquake kills about thirty thousand people. *1564 – The Council of Trent ...
** WWI: The Ottoman Army begins the Raid on the Suez Canal. ** The Rocky Mountain National Park is established by an act of the
United States Congress The United States Congress is the legislature of the federal government of the United States. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, and an upper body, the Senate. It meets in the U.S. Capitol in Washi ...
. * January 27 – WWI: French military casualties begin arriving at the Hôpital Temporaire d'Arc-en-Barrois, established earlier in the month by British volunteers. *
January 28 Events Pre-1600 * 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany. * 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accession ...
– An act of the
United States Congress The United States Congress is the legislature of the federal government of the United States. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, and an upper body, the Senate. It meets in the U.S. Capitol in Washi ...
designates the United States Coast Guard, began in
1790 Events January–March * January 8 – United States President George Washington gives the first State of the Union address, in New York City. * January 11 – The 11 minor states of the Austrian Netherlands, which took p ...
, as a military branch. *
January 31 Events Pre-1600 * 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades. *1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on the ...
– WWI: Battle of Bolimów
Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG),, is a country in Central Europe. It is the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany lies between the Baltic and North Sea to the north and the Alps to the sou ...
's first large-scale use of poison gas as a weapon occurs, when 18,000
artillery Artillery is a class of heavy military ranged weapons that launch munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry firearms. Early artillery development focused on the ability to breach defensive walls and fortifications during sieg ...
shells containing liquid xylyl bromide
tear gas Tear gas, also known as a lachrymator agent or lachrymator (), sometimes colloquially known as "mace" after the early commercial aerosol, is a chemical weapon that stimulates the nerves of the lacrimal gland in the eye to produce tears. In ...
are fired on the
Imperial Russian Army The Imperial Russian Army (russian: Ру́сская импера́торская а́рмия, Romanization of Russian, tr. ) was the armed land force of the Russian Empire, active from around 1721 to the Russian Revolution of 1917. In the earl ...
, on the Rawka River west of
Warsaw Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is official ...
; however, freezing temperatures prevent it being effective.


February

* February – While working as a cook at New York's
Sloane Hospital for Women The Sloane Hospital for Women is the obstetrics and gynecology service within NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons (P&S) in New York City. It was ...
under an assumed name, " Typhoid Mary" (an asymptomatic carrier of typhoid fever) infects 25 people, and is placed in quarantine for life on March 27. *
February 4 Events Pre–1600 * 211 – Following the death of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians, the empire is left in the control of his two quarrelling ...
– The Maritz Rebellion of disaffected
Boer Boers ( ; af, Boere ()) are the descendants of the Dutch-speaking Free Burghers of the eastern Cape frontier in Southern Africa during the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. From 1652 to 1795, the Dutch East India Company controlled this a ...
s against the government of the
Union of South Africa The Union of South Africa ( nl, Unie van Zuid-Afrika; af, Unie van Suid-Afrika; ) was the historical predecessor to the present-day Republic of South Africa. It came into existence on 31 May 1910 with the unification of the Cape, Natal, Tran ...
ends with the surrender of the remaining rebels. * February 8 – The controversial film '' The Birth of a Nation'', directed by
D. W. Griffith David Wark Griffith (January 22, 1875 – July 23, 1948) was an American film director. Considered one of the most influential figures in the history of the motion picture, he pioneered many aspects of film editing and expanded the art of the na ...
, premieres in Los Angeles. It will be the
highest-grossing film Films generate income from several revenue streams, including theatrical exhibition, home video, television broadcast rights, and merchandising. However, theatrical box-office earnings are the primary metric for trade publications in asse ...
for around 25 years. * February 18 – WWI: Germany regards the waters around the British Isles to be a war zone from this date, as part of its U-boat Campaign. * February 20 – In San Francisco, the Panama–Pacific International Exposition is opened. * February 25
Armenian genocide The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was ...
: The Ottoman Empire transfers Armenians from its armed forces to unarmed
Ottoman labour battalions Ottoman labour battalions ( tr, Amele Taburları, hy, Աշխատանքային գումարտակ, , el, Τάγματα Εργασίας, ) was a form of unfree labour in the late Ottoman Empire. The term is associated with the disarmament a ...
.


March

* March – The
1915 Palestine locust infestation From March to October 1915, swarms of locusts stripped areas in and around Palestine, Mount Lebanon and Syria of almost all vegetation. This infestation seriously compromised the already-depleted food supply of the region and sharpened the mis ...
breaks out in Palestine; it continues until October. *
March 1 Events Pre-1600 *509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor Diocletian and ...
- The first issue of the La Boheme Magazine was published in
Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eigh ...
. *
March 2 Events Pre-1600 * 537 – Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoth army under king Vitiges begins the siege of the capital. Belisarius conducts a delaying action outside the Flaminian Gate; he and a detachment of his '' bucellarii'' are almost cu ...
Armenian genocide The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was ...
: Earliest recorded deportations. * March 3 – The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, the predecessor of
NASA The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agency of the US federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research. NASA was established in 1958, succeedi ...
, is founded in the United States. * March 8 - New York City Fire Department Rescue Company 1 is put in Service by the New York City Fire Department. * March 1013 – WWI: Battle of Neuve Chapelle – In the first deliberately planned British offensive of the war, British Indian troops overrun German positions in France, but are unable to sustain the advance. * March 11 – WWI: British
armed merchantman An armed merchantman is a merchant ship equipped with guns, usually for defensive purposes, either by design or after the fact. In the days of sail, piracy and privateers, many merchantmen would be routinely armed, especially those engaging in ...
is sunk in the North Channel off the coast of
Scotland Scotland (, ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a border with England to the southeast and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to th ...
by Imperial German Navy
U-boat U-boats were naval submarines operated by Germany, particularly in the First and Second World Wars. Although at times they were efficient fleet weapons against enemy naval warships, they were most effectively used in an economic warfare ro ...
'' SM U-27''. Around 200 crew are lost, a number of bodies being washed up on the Isle of Man, with only 26 saved. * March 14 – WWI: ** Battle of Más a Tierra: Off the coast of
Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the eas ...
, the British
Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by Kingdom of England, English and Kingdom of Scotland, Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were foug ...
forces the Imperial German Navy light cruiser SMS ''Dresden'' (last survivor of the German East Asia Squadron) to scuttle. ** Constantinople Agreement: Britain,
France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan ar ...
and the
Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the List of Russian monarchs, Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended th ...
agree to give
Constantinople la, Constantinopolis ota, قسطنطينيه , alternate_name = Byzantion (earlier Greek name), Nova Roma ("New Rome"), Miklagard/Miklagarth ( Old Norse), Tsargrad ( Slavic), Qustantiniya (Arabic), Basileuousa ("Queen of Cities"), Megalopolis ( ...
(Istanbul) and the
Bosphorus The Bosporus Strait (; grc, Βόσπορος ; tr, İstanbul Boğazı 'Istanbul strait', colloquially ''Boğaz'') or Bosphorus Strait is a natural strait and an internationally significant waterway located in Istanbul in northwestern Tu ...
to Russia in case of victory (the treaty is later nullified by the Bolshevik Revolution). *
March 18 Events Pre-1600 * 37 – Roman Senate annuls Tiberius' will and proclaims Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ''(aka Caligula = Little Boots)'' emperor.Tacitus, ''Annals'' V.10. *1068 – An earthquake in the Levant and the Ar ...
– WWI: ** Gallipoli campaign: A Franco-British naval attack on the
Dardanelles The Dardanelles (; tr, Çanakkale Boğazı, lit=Strait of Çanakkale, el, Δαρδανέλλια, translit=Dardanéllia), also known as the Strait of Gallipoli from the Gallipoli peninsula or from Classical Antiquity as the Hellespont (; ...
fails. ** British Royal Navy battleship sinks German submarine ''U-29'' with all hands in the Pentland Firth off the coast of Scotland by ramming her, the only time this tactic is known to have been successfully used by a battleship. * March 19Pluto is photographed for the first time, but is not classified as a
planet A planet is a large, rounded astronomical body that is neither a star nor its remnant. The best available theory of planet formation is the nebular hypothesis, which posits that an interstellar cloud collapses out of a nebula to create a ...
. * March 26 – The
Vancouver Millionaires The Vancouver Millionaires (later known as the Vancouver Maroons) were a professional ice hockey team that competed in the Pacific Coast Hockey Association and the Western Canada Hockey League between 1911 and 1926. Based in Vancouver, British Col ...
win the Stanley Cup in
ice hockey Ice hockey (or simply hockey) is a team sport played on ice skates, usually on an Ice rink, ice skating rink with Ice hockey rink, lines and markings specific to the sport. It belongs to a family of sports called hockey. In ice hockey, two o ...
over the Ottawa Senators, 3 games to 0. * March 28 – The first Roman Catholic liturgy at the newly consecrated Cathedral of Saint Paul, Minnesota, is celebrated by Archbishop John Ireland.


April

* April 5 – Boxer Jess Willard, the latest "Great White Hope", defeats Jack Johnson with a 26th-round knockout in sweltering heat, at Havana, Cuba. Willard becomes very popular among white Americans, for "bringing back the championship to the white race". *
April 11 Events Pre-1600 * 491 – Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine emperor, with the name of Anastasius I. *1241 – Batu Khan defeats Béla IV of Hungary at the Battle of Mohi. * 1512 – War of the League of Cambrai: Franco-Fer ...
Charlie Chaplin's film '' The Tramp'' is released in the United States. * April 19 – The
Armenian genocide The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was ...
begins at scale with the defense of Van, continuing to May 17, during which time 55,000 civilians from the Ottoman Armenian population of Van Vilayet will be massacred by Turkish Ottoman forces. * April 22 – WWI: Start of Second Battle of Ypres – Germany makes its first large scale use of poison gas on the Western Front. * April 24 – Armenian genocide: deportation of Armenian notables from
Istanbul Istanbul ( , ; tr, İstanbul ), formerly known as Constantinople ( grc-gre, Κωνσταντινούπολις; la, Constantinopolis), is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, ...
begins. * April 25 – WWI: Start of the Gallipoli Campaign by land forces (lasting until January 1916) – A landing at Anzac Cove is conducted by
Australian and New Zealand Army Corps The Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) was a First World War army corps of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force. It was formed in Egypt in December 1914, and operated during the Gallipoli campaign. General William Birdwood comm ...
, and a landing at Cape Helles by British and French troops, to begin the Allied invasion of the Gallipoli peninsula in the
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
. * April 26
Treaty of London The Treaty of London or London Convention or similar may refer to: *Treaty of London (1358), established a truce between England and France following the Battle of Poitiers *Treaty of London (1359), which ceded western France to England *Treaty of ...
: Italy secretly agrees to leave the
Triple Alliance Triple Alliance may refer to: * Aztec Triple Alliance (1428–1521), Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan and in central Mexico * Triple Alliance (1596), England, France, and the Dutch Republic to counter Spain * Triple Alliance (1668), England, the ...
with Germany and
Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...
, and join with the Entente Powers, in exchange for certain territories of Austria-Hungary on its borders.


May

* May 1 – WWI: ** General Louis Botha, Prime Minister of South Africa, leads the army in the occupation of
German South West Africa German South West Africa (german: Deutsch-Südwestafrika) was a colony of the German Empire from 1884 until 1915, though Germany did not officially recognise its loss of this territory until the 1919 Treaty of Versailles. With a total area of ...
. ** The
Battle of Gorlice A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force ...
begins. It is one of the bloodiest battles of
World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...
. * May 3 – Canadian soldier John McCrae writes the poem " In Flanders Fields". * May 5 – WWI: Forces of the
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
begin shelling ANZAC Cove from a new position behind their lines. * May 6 – Baseball player Babe Ruth hits his first career home run (off
Jack Warhop John Milton Warhop (July 4, 1884 – October 4, 1960) was an American baseball pitcher who played eight seasons in Major League Baseball from 1908 to 1915 for the New York Highlanders / Yankees. Considered by baseball insiders and historians a ...
), for the
Boston Red Sox The Boston Red Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Boston. The Red Sox compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. Founded in as one of the American League's eig ...
. * May 6 – Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition: The SY ''Aurora'' broke loose from its anchorage during a gale, beginning a 312-day ordeal. * May 7 – WWI: Sinking of the RMS ''Lusitania'': 's main rival, the British ocean liner , is sunk by Imperial German Navy
U-boat U-boats were naval submarines operated by Germany, particularly in the First and Second World Wars. Although at times they were efficient fleet weapons against enemy naval warships, they were most effectively used in an economic warfare ro ...
'' U-20'' off the south-west coast of Ireland, killing 1,198 civilians en route from New York City to
Liverpool Liverpool is a City status in the United Kingdom, city and metropolitan borough in Merseyside, England. With a population of in 2019, it is the List of English districts by population, 10th largest English district by population and its E ...
. The best-known of the celebrities on board was Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt. American sportsman (b.
1877 Events January–March * January 1 – Queen Victoria is proclaimed ''Empress of India'' by the ''Royal Titles Act 1876'', introduced by Benjamin Disraeli, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom . * January 8 – Great Sio ...
) * May 9 – WWI – Second Battle of Artois: German and
French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
forces fight to a standstill; German forces defeat the British at the Battle of Aubers Ridge. * May 17 – The last purely Liberal government in the United Kingdom ends, when the prime minister H. H. Asquith forms an all-party coalition government, the Asquith coalition ministry, effective May 25. * May 19 – WWI: The third attack on Anzac Cove by Ottoman forces is repelled by the
Australian and New Zealand Army Corps The Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) was a First World War army corps of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force. It was formed in Egypt in December 1914, and operated during the Gallipoli campaign. General William Birdwood comm ...
. *
May 22 Events Pre-1600 * 192 – Dong Zhuo is assassinated by his adopted son Lü Bu. * 760 – Fourteenth recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 853 – A Byzantine fleet sacks and destroys undefended Damietta in Egypt. ...
** Quintinshill rail disaster in Scotland: The collision and fire kill 226, mostly troops, the largest number of fatalities in a rail accident in the United Kingdom. ** Lassen Peak, one of the Cascade Volcanoes in
California California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the most populous U.S. state and the 3rd largest by area. It is also the ...
, erupts, sending an ash plume 30,000 feet in the air, and devastating the nearby area with pyroclastic flows and lahars. It is the only volcano to erupt in the contiguous United States this century, until the
1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens On March 27, 1980, a series of volcanic explosions and pyroclastic flows began at Mount St. Helens in Skamania County, Washington, United States. A series of phreatic blasts occurred from the summit and escalated until a major explosive eru ...
. * May 23 – WWI:
Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...
joins the Allies after declaring war on
Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...
. * May 25China agrees to the Twenty-One Demands of the Japanese. * May 27
Armenian genocide The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was ...
: The Tehcir Law is promulgated by the Turkish
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
authorizing deportation of the Ottoman Armenian population to Deir ez-Zor in the Syrian desert, leading to the deaths of anywhere between 800,000 and over 1,500,000 civilians and confiscation of their property. * May 28International Congress of Women meet at the Hague as a major peace initiative. * May 29Teófilo Braga becomes president of
Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, In recognized minority languages of Portugal: :* mwl, República Pertuesa is a country located on the Iberian Peninsula, in Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Macaronesian ...
.


June

* June –
Armenian genocide The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was ...
: 15,000 civilians from the Ottoman Armenian population of Bitlis are massacred by Ottoman Turks and Kurds. * June 3Mexican Revolution: Troops of Álvaro Obregón and Pancho Villa clash at León; Obregón loses his right arm in a grenade attack, but Villa is decisively defeated. * June 5
Women's suffrage Women's suffrage is the women's rights, right of women to Suffrage, vote in elections. Beginning in the start of the 18th century, some people sought to change voting laws to allow women to vote. Liberal political parties would go on to gran ...
in national elections is introduced in Denmark. * June 9 – U.S. Secretary of State
William Jennings Bryan William Jennings Bryan (March 19, 1860 – July 26, 1925) was an American lawyer, orator and politician. Beginning in 1896, he emerged as a dominant force in the Democratic Party, running three times as the party's nominee for President ...
resigns over a disagreement regarding his nation's handling of the sinking of the RMS ''Lusitania''. * June 11 – Friar Leonard Melki and hundreds of other Christians are driven out of Mardin and massacred by Ottoman troops. * June 16
Women's Institutes The Women's Institute (WI) is a community-based organisation for women in the United Kingdom, Canada, South Africa and New Zealand. The movement was founded in Stoney Creek, Ontario, Canada, by Erland and Janet Lee with Adelaide Hoodless being the ...
are established in Britain. * June 19 – In
Iceland Iceland ( is, Ísland; ) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean and in the Arctic Ocean. Iceland is the most sparsely populated country in Europe. Iceland's capital and largest city is Reykjavík, which (along with its ...
, at this time a dependency of Denmark: **
Women's suffrage Women's suffrage is the women's rights, right of women to Suffrage, vote in elections. Beginning in the start of the 18th century, some people sought to change voting laws to allow women to vote. Liberal political parties would go on to gran ...
is granted to those over 40. ** The modern civil flag of Iceland is adopted officially. *
June 22 Events Pre-1600 *217 BC – Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV Philopator of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. * 168 BC – Battle of Pydna: Romans under Lucius Aemilius Paullus defeat Macedonian King Per ...
– WWI: The
Battle of Gorlice A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force ...
ends in the victory of the
Central Powers The Central Powers, also known as the Central Empires,german: Mittelmächte; hu, Központi hatalmak; tr, İttifak Devletleri / ; bg, Централни сили, translit=Tsentralni sili was one of the two main coalitions that fought in ...
.


July

* July ** WWI: South West Africa Campaign – The
Union of South Africa The Union of South Africa ( nl, Unie van Zuid-Afrika; af, Unie van Suid-Afrika; ) was the historical predecessor to the present-day Republic of South Africa. It came into existence on 31 May 1910 with the unification of the Cape, Natal, Tran ...
occupies
German South West Africa German South West Africa (german: Deutsch-Südwestafrika) was a colony of the German Empire from 1884 until 1915, though Germany did not officially recognise its loss of this territory until the 1919 Treaty of Versailles. With a total area of ...
with assistance from Canada, the United Kingdom, the Portuguese Republic and Portuguese Angola. South Africa will occupy South West Africa until March 1990. **
Armenian genocide The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was ...
: 17,000 civilians from the Ottoman Armenian population of Trebizond are massacred by Ottoman Turks. * July 1 – WWI: In
aerial warfare Aerial warfare is the use of military aircraft and other flying machines in warfare. Aerial warfare includes bombers attacking enemy installations or a concentration of enemy troops or strategic targets; fighter aircraft battling for control o ...
, German fighter pilot Kurt Wintgens becomes the first person to shoot down another plane, using a machine gun equipped with synchronization gear. * July 7 ** An extremely overloaded
International Railway (New York–Ontario) The International Railway Company (IRC) was a transportation company formed in a 1902 merger between several Buffalo-area interurban and street railways. The city railways that merged were the ''West Side Street Railway'', the ''Crosstown Street ...
trolleycar with 157 passengers crashes near Queenston, Ontario, resulting in 15 casualties. **
Sinhalese Sinhala may refer to: * Something of or related to the Sinhalese people of Sri Lanka * Sinhalese people * Sinhala language Sinhala ( ; , ''siṁhala'', ), sometimes called Sinhalese (), is an Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan language prima ...
militia captain Henry Pedris is executed in British Ceylon for inciting race riots, a charge later proved false; he becomes a hero of the Sri Lankan independence movement. *
July 9 Events Pre-1600 *118 – Hadrian, who became emperor a year previously on Trajan's death, makes his entry into Rome. * 381 – The end of the First Council of Christian bishops convened in Constantinople by the Roman Emperor Theodos ...
– WWI: Theodore Seitz, governor of
German South West Africa German South West Africa (german: Deutsch-Südwestafrika) was a colony of the German Empire from 1884 until 1915, though Germany did not officially recognise its loss of this territory until the 1919 Treaty of Versailles. With a total area of ...
, surrenders to General Louis Botha, between Otavi and Tsumeb. * July 11 – WWI: Battle of Rufiji Delta – German cruiser is forced to scuttle in the
Rufiji River The Rufiji River lies entirely within Tanzania. It is also the largest and longest river in the country. The river is formed by the confluence of the Kilombero and Luwegu rivers. It is approximately long, with its source in southwestern Tanzania ...
,
German East Africa German East Africa (GEA; german: Deutsch-Ostafrika) was a German colony in the African Great Lakes region, which included present-day Burundi, Rwanda, the Tanzania mainland, and the Kionga Triangle, a small region later incorporated into Mo ...
(present-day
Tanzania Tanzania (; ), officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It borders Uganda to the north; Kenya to the northeast; Comoro Islands ...
). * July 14 – The McMahon–Hussein Correspondence between Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca and the British official Henry McMahon concerning the
Arab revolt The Arab Revolt ( ar, الثورة العربية, ) or the Great Arab Revolt ( ar, الثورة العربية الكبرى, ) was a military uprising of Arab forces against the Ottoman Empire in the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I. On ...
against the
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
begins; in exchange for assistance against the Ottomans, the British offer bin Ali their recognition of an independent Arab kingdom, although clear terms are never agreed. * July 22 – WWI: The " Great Retreat" is ordered on the Eastern Front; Russian forces pull back out of Poland (at this time part of the Russian Empire), taking machinery and equipment with them. * July 24 – Steamer capsizes in central Chicago, with the loss of 844 lives. * July 28 – The American occupation of Haiti (1915–34) begins.


August

* August 523 – Hurricane Two of the 1915 Atlantic hurricane season over Galveston and
New Orleans New Orleans ( , ,New Orleans
August 6 – WWI: Battle of Sari Bair – The Allies mount a diversionary attack timed to coincide with a major Allied landing of reinforcements at
Suvla Bay file:Suvla from Battleship Hill.jpg, View of Suvla from Battleship Hill Suvla () is a bay on the Aegean Sea, Aegean coast of the Gallipoli peninsula in European Turkey, south of the Gulf of Saros. On 6 August 1915, it was the site for the Landi ...
. * August 16 – WWI: The Allies promises the Kingdom of Serbia, should victory be achieved over
Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...
and its allied
Central Powers The Central Powers, also known as the Central Empires,german: Mittelmächte; hu, Központi hatalmak; tr, İttifak Devletleri / ; bg, Централни сили, translit=Tsentralni sili was one of the two main coalitions that fought in ...
, the territories of Baranja, Srem and
Slavonia Slavonia (; hr, Slavonija) is, with Dalmatia, Croatia proper, and Istria, one of the four historical regions of Croatia. Taking up the east of the country, it roughly corresponds with five Croatian counties: Brod-Posavina, Osijek-Baranja, ...
from the Cisleithanian part of the Dual Monarchy,
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and ...
, and eastern
Dalmatia Dalmatia (; hr, Dalmacija ; it, Dalmazia; see names in other languages) is one of the four historical regions of Croatia, alongside Croatia proper, Slavonia, and Istria. Dalmatia is a narrow belt of the east shore of the Adriatic Sea, stre ...
(from the river of Krka to Bar).


September

* September 5 – The Zimmerwald Conference begins in Switzerland. * September 6 – The prototype military tank is first tested by the
British Army The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, a part of the British Armed Forces along with the Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force. , the British Army comprises 79,380 regular full-time personnel, 4,090 Gur ...
. * September 7 – Crtoonist John B. Gruelle is given a patent for his '' Raggedy Ann'' doll. * September 8 – WWI: A
Zeppelin A Zeppelin is a type of rigid airship named after the German inventor Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin () who pioneered rigid airship development at the beginning of the 20th century. Zeppelin's notions were first formulated in 1874Eckener 1938, ...
raid destroys No. 61 Farringdon Road, London; it is rebuilt in 1917, and called The Zeppelin Building. * September 11 – The Pennsylvania Railroad begins electrified commuter rail service between Paoli and
Philadelphia Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the sixth-largest city in the U.S., the second-largest city in both the Northeast megalopolis and Mid-Atlantic regions after New York City. Sinc ...
, using overhead AC trolley wires for power. This type of system is later used in long-distance passenger trains between New York City, Washington, D.C., and
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania Harrisburg is the capital city of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States, and the county seat of Dauphin County. With a population of 50,135 as of the 2021 census, Harrisburg is the 9th largest city and 15th largest municipality in P ...
. * September 12 – French soldiers rescue over 4,000
Armenian genocide The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was ...
survivors stranded on Musa Dagh, a mountain in the Hatay province of
Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...
. * September 25October 14 – WWI: Battle of Loos – British forces take the
French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
town of Loos, but with substantial casualties, and are unable to press their advantage. This is the first time the British use poison gas in World War I, and also their first large-scale use of 'New' (or Kitchener's Army) units. * September 30 – WWI: Serbian Army private Radoje Ljutovac becomes the first soldier in history to shoot down an enemy aircraft, with ground-to-air fire.


October

* October
Franz Kafka Franz Kafka (3 July 1883 – 3 June 1924) was a German-speaking Bohemian novelist and short-story writer, widely regarded as one of the major figures of 20th-century literature. His work fuses elements of realism and the fantastic. It ty ...
's novella '' The Metamorphosis'' (''Die Verwandlung'') is first published in Germany. * October 12 – WWI: British nurse Edith Cavell is executed by a German firing squad, for helping Allied soldiers escape from Belgium. * October 15 – WWI: Serbian Campaign
Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...
invades the Kingdom of Serbia.
Bulgaria Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Mac ...
enters the war, also invading Serbia. The Serbian First Army retreats towards
Greece Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkans, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders wit ...
. * October 16 – WWI: France declares war on
Bulgaria Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Mac ...
. * October 19 ** WWI:
Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eigh ...
and
Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...
declare war on
Bulgaria Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Mac ...
. ** Mexican Revolution: The U.S. recognizes the Mexican government of Venustiano Carranza ''
de facto ''De facto'' ( ; , "in fact") describes practices that exist in reality, whether or not they are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms. It is commonly used to refer to what happens in practice, in contrast with '' de jure'' ("by l ...
'' (not ''
de jure In law and government, ''de jure'' ( ; , "by law") describes practices that are legally recognized, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality. In contrast, ("in fact") describes situations that exist in reality, even if not legall ...
'' until 1917). * October 21 – The United Daughters of the Confederacy holds its first annual meeting outside the South, in
San Francisco San Francisco (; Spanish language, Spanish for "Francis of Assisi, Saint Francis"), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the commercial, financial, and cultural center of Northern California. The city proper is the List of Ca ...
. Historian General Mildred Rutherford addresses the gathering on the "Historical Sins of Omission & Commission", of
Yankee The term ''Yankee'' and its contracted form ''Yank'' have several interrelated meanings, all referring to people from the United States. Its various senses depend on the context, and may refer to New Englanders, residents of the Northern United St ...
historians. * October 23 – WWI: The torpedoing of
armored cruiser The armored cruiser was a type of warship of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was designed like other types of cruisers to operate as a long-range, independent warship, capable of defeating any ship apart from a battleship and fast en ...
results in only 3 men being rescued from a crew of 675, the greatest single loss of life for the Imperial German Navy in the
Baltic Sea The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden and the North and Central European Plain. The sea stretches from 53°N to 66°N latitude and fr ...
during the war. * October 25Lyda Conley, the first American Indian woman to appear before the Supreme Court of the United States as a lawyer, is admitted to practice there. * October 27William Morris "Billy" Hughes becomes the 7th Prime Minister of Australia. * October 28St. Johns School fire: Fire at St. John's School in Peabody, Massachusetts, claims the lives of 21 girls between the ages of 7 and 17.


November

* November 2PSM Makassar is founded as Makassar Voetbal Bond, making it the oldest Indonesian association football club. * November 18 – The U.S. silent film '' Inspiration'', the first mainstream movie in which a leading actress ( Audrey Munson) appears nude, is released. *
November 21 Events Pre-1600 *164 BCE – Judas Maccabeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family, rededicates the Temple in Jerusalem, an event is commemorated each year by the festival of Hanukkah. (25 Kislev 3597 in the Hebrew calendar.) * 235 & ...
– British polar exploration ship ''
Endurance Endurance (also related to sufferance, resilience, constitution, fortitude, and hardiness) is the ability of an organism to exert itself and remain active for a long period of time, as well as its ability to resist, withstand, recover from an ...
'' finally breaks apart from pressure of ice around it and sinks into the Weddell Sea, stranding
Ernest Shackleton Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton (15 February 1874 – 5 January 1922) was an Anglo-Irish Antarctic explorer who led three British expeditions to the Antarctic. He was one of the principal figures of the period known as the Heroic Age of A ...
's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition party in the Antarctic. The wreck is discovered at a depth of 3,008 metres (9,869 ft), 107 years later in 2022. * November 23 – The '' Triangle Film Corporation'' opens its new motion picture theater in Massillon, Ohio. * November 24William J. Simmons revives the American Civil War era
Ku Klux Klan The Ku Klux Klan (), commonly shortened to the KKK or the Klan, is an American white supremacist, right-wing terrorist, and hate group whose primary targets are African Americans, Jews, Latinos, Asian Americans, Native Americans, and Ca ...
at Stone Mountain,
Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States Georgia may also refer to: Places Historical states and entities * Related to t ...
. * November 25
Albert Einstein Albert Einstein ( ; ; 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist, widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest and most influential physicists of all time. Einstein is best known for developing the theor ...
presents part of his theory of
general relativity General relativity, also known as the general theory of relativity and Einstein's theory of gravity, is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1915 and is the current description of gravitation in modern physics. ...
to the Prussian Academy of Sciences.


December

* December 10 – The 1 millionth Ford car rolls off the assembly line, at the River Rouge Plant in
Detroit Detroit ( , ; , ) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is also the largest U.S. city on the United States–Canada border, and the seat of government of Wayne County. The City of Detroit had a population of 639,111 at ...
, Michigan. * December 12President of the Republic of China Yuan Shikai declares himself Emperor. * December 18 – United States President
Woodrow Wilson Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856February 3, 1924) was an American politician and academic who served as the 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 1921. A member of the Democratic Party, Wilson served as the president of P ...
marries Edith B. Galt, in Washington, D.C. *
December 23 Events Pre-1600 * 484 – The Arian Vandal Kingdom ceases its persecution of Nicene Christianity. * 558 – Chlothar I is crowned King of the Franks. * 583 – Maya queen Yohl Ik'nal is crowned ruler of Palenque. * 962 &ndas ...
HMHS ''Britannic'', which will be the largest British ship lost in WWI (though with only 30 fatalities), departs
Liverpool Liverpool is a City status in the United Kingdom, city and metropolitan borough in Merseyside, England. With a population of in 2019, it is the List of English districts by population, 10th largest English district by population and its E ...
on her maiden voyage as a
hospital ship A hospital ship is a ship designated for primary function as a floating medical treatment facility or hospital. Most are operated by the military forces (mostly navies) of various countries, as they are intended to be used in or near war zones. ...
. * December 26 – The Irish Republican Brotherhood Military Council decides to stage an Easter Rising in 1916.


Date unknown

* Alfred Wegener publishes his theory of Pangaea. * The first stop sign appears in
Detroit Detroit ( , ; , ) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is also the largest U.S. city on the United States–Canada border, and the seat of government of Wayne County. The City of Detroit had a population of 639,111 at ...
. * The Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis is founded in the United States. * Carrier Engineering, predecessor of Carrier Global, a global
air conditioning Air conditioning, often abbreviated as A/C or AC, is the process of removing heat from an enclosed space to achieve a more comfortable interior environment (sometimes referred to as 'comfort cooling') and in some cases also strictly controlling ...
brand, is founded in
New Jersey New Jersey is a U.S. state, state in the Mid-Atlantic States, Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern United States, Northeastern regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York (state), New York; on the ea ...
, United States.


Births


January

*
January 1 January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the year. ...
** Branko Ćopić, Yugoslav writer (d. 1984) ** Fazlollah Reza, Iranian university professor, electrical engineer (d.
2019 File:2019 collage v1.png, From top left, clockwise: Hong Kong protests turn to widespread riots and civil disobedience; House of Representatives votes to adopt articles of impeachment against Donald Trump; CRISPR gene editing first used to experim ...
) * January 3Mady Rahl, German stage, film actress (d. 2009) *
January 4 Events Pre-1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar fights Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina. * 871 – Battle of Reading: Æthelred of Wessex and his brother Alfred are defeated by a Danish invasion army. 1601–1900 *1649 – E ...
Adolf Opálka, Czechoslovak soldier (d. 1942) * January 5Humberto Teixeira, Brazilian flautist (d. 1979) *
January 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will ...
Alan Watts, British philosopher (d. 1973) * January 7 ** Franz Bartl, Austrian field handball player (d. 1941) ** Helen Mussallem, Canadian nursing administrator (d.
2012 File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gather ...
) * January 9 ** Fernando Lamas, Argentine-born actor (d.
1982 Events January * January 1 – In Malaysia and Singapore, clocks are adjusted to the same time zone, UTC+8 (GMT+8.00). * January 13 – Air Florida Flight 90 crashes shortly after takeoff into the 14th Street Bridge in Washington, D.C., Un ...
) ** Anita Louise, American actress (d. 1970) *
January 11 Events Pre-1600 * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence. * 630 – Conquest of Mecca: The prophet Muham ...
Robert Blair Mayne, British soldier, co-founder of the Special Air Service (d. 1955) * January 16 **
Susan Ahn Cuddy Susan Ahn Cuddy ( ko, 안수산, Hanja:; January 16, 1915 – June 24, 2015) was the first female gunnery officer in the United States Navy. She was the eldest daughter of Korean independence activist Ahn Chang-ho and Helen Ahn, the first marri ...
, United States Navy gunnery officer (d. 2015) ** Leslie H. Martinson, American film director (d. 2016) *
January 17 Events Pre-1600 *38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey. *1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 people o ...
Sammy Angott, American boxer (d. 1980) * January 18Santiago Carrillo, Spanish politician (d.
2012 File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gather ...
) *
January 20 Events Pre-1600 * 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution. * 649 – King Chindasuinth, at the urging of bishop Braulio of Zaragoza, crowns his son Recceswinth as co-ruler of the Visigothic Kingdom. *1156 &nda ...
Ghulam Ishaq Khan, Pakistani civil servant, 7th President of Pakistan (d. 2006) *
January 23 Events Pre-1600 * 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor. * 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao. * 1264 &n ...
** W. Arthur Lewis, British economist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfre ...
laureate (d. 1991) ** Potter Stewart, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1985) *
January 24 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula. * 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt. * 1438 – The ...
Robert Motherwell, American painter (d. 1991) * January 25Ewan MacColl, English folk singer, songwriter, and poet (d. 1989) *
January 29 Events Pre-1600 * 904 – Sergius III is elected pope, after coming out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher. * 946 – Caliph Al-Mustakfi is blinded and deposed by Emir Mu'izz al-Dawla, ru ...
** Albert Henderson, American actor (d. 2004) ** V. V. Sadagopan, Indian film actor, music teacher, performer and composer (d. unknown) * January 30 ** Ed Keats, American rear admiral (d.
2019 File:2019 collage v1.png, From top left, clockwise: Hong Kong protests turn to widespread riots and civil disobedience; House of Representatives votes to adopt articles of impeachment against Donald Trump; CRISPR gene editing first used to experim ...
) ** Joachim Peiper, German Waffen-SS officer (d. 1976) ** John Profumo, British politician (d. 2006) *
January 31 Events Pre-1600 * 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades. *1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on the ...
Thomas Merton, American monk, author (d. 1968)


February

* February 1 ** Alicia Rhett, American actress (d.
2014 File:2014 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Stocking up supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the Western African Ebola virus epidemic; Citizens examining the ruins after the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping; Bundles of wat ...
) ** Artur London, Czech statesman (d. 1986) ** Sir
Stanley Matthews Sir Stanley Matthews, CBE (1 February 1915 – 23 February 2000) was an English footballer who played as an outside right. Often regarded as one of the greatest players of the British game, he is the only player to have been knighted while st ...
, English footballer (d. 2000) * February 2 ** Abba Eban, South African-born Israeli foreign affairs minister (d. 2002) ** Khushwant Singh, Indian writer (d.
2014 File:2014 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Stocking up supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the Western African Ebola virus epidemic; Citizens examining the ruins after the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping; Bundles of wat ...
) *
February 4 Events Pre–1600 * 211 – Following the death of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians, the empire is left in the control of his two quarrelling ...
** Ray Evans, American composer (d.
2007 File:2007 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Steve Jobs unveils Apple's first iPhone; TAM Airlines Flight 3054 overruns a runway and crashes into a gas station, killing almost 200 people; Former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto ...
) ** Sir Norman Wisdom, English comedian, singer, and actor (d. 2010) *
February 5 Events Pre-1600 *AD 62, 62 – AD 62 Pompeii earthquake, Earthquake in Pompeii, Italy. *1576 – Henry IV of France, Henry of Navarre :wikt:abjure, abjures Catholicism at Tours and rejoins the Protestant forces in the French Wars of Re ...
Robert Hofstadter Robert Hofstadter (February 5, 1915 – November 17, 1990) was an American physicist. He was the joint winner of the 1961 Nobel Prize in Physics (together with Rudolf Mössbauer) "for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei ...
, American physicist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfre ...
laureate (d. 1990) * February 6Danuta Szaflarska, Polish actress (d. 2017) *
February 7 Events Pre-1600 * 457 – Leo I becomes the Eastern Roman emperor. * 987 – Bardas Phokas the Younger and Bardas Skleros, Byzantine generals of the military elite, begin a wide-scale rebellion against Emperor Basil II. * 1301 &nda ...
** Teoctist Arăpașu, Ex-Romanian Orthodox Church Patriarch (d.
2007 File:2007 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Steve Jobs unveils Apple's first iPhone; TAM Airlines Flight 3054 overruns a runway and crashes into a gas station, killing almost 200 people; Former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto ...
) ** Georges-André Chevallaz, 78th President of the Swiss Confederation (d. 2002) **
Liu Jie Liu Jie (; 17 February 1915 – 23 September 2018) was a Chinese communist politician. From 1960 to the outbreak of the Cultural Revolution he was minister of the Second Ministry of Machine Building which was responsible for the nuclear industry. S ...
, Chinese politician (d. 2018) * February 10Karl Winsch, American professional baseball player, manager (d.
2001 The September 11 attacks against the United States by Al-Qaeda, which killed 2,977 people and instigated the global war on terror, were a defining event of 2001. The United States led a multi-national coalition in an invasion of Afghanistan ...
) *
February 11 Events Pre-1600 *660 BC – Traditional date for the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. * 55 – The death under mysterious circumstances of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman empire, on the eve of his coming ...
** Patrick Leigh Fermor, British author (d. 2011) **
Harry Walker Harry William Walker (October 22, 1918 – August 8, 1999) was an American professional baseball player, coach and manager. Known by the nickname "Harry the Hat", he played as a center fielder in Major League Baseball between 1940 and 1955, ...
, English rugby union player (d. 2018) ** Richard Hamming, American mathematician (d. 1998) * February 12 ** Richard G. Colbert, American admiral (d. 1973) ** Lorne Greene, Canadian actor (d. 1987) ** Olivia Hooker, American civil rights figure (d. 2018) * February 13Aung San, Burmese national leader (d.
1947 It was the first year of the Cold War, which would last until 1991, ending with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Events January * January– February – Winter of 1946–47 in the United Kingdom: The worst snowfall in the count ...
) * February 16 ** Elisabeth Eybers, South African poet (d.
2007 File:2007 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Steve Jobs unveils Apple's first iPhone; TAM Airlines Flight 3054 overruns a runway and crashes into a gas station, killing almost 200 people; Former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto ...
) **
Jim O'Hora James Joseph O’Hora (February 16, 1915 – August 5, 2005) was an American college football coach for over 30 years. Biography Early years O’Hora was born in Dunmore, Pennsylvania. His father, Michael, was an immigrant from Ballina, County ...
, American college football coach (d. 2005) * February 19 ** Fred Freiberger, American screenwriter, television producer (d. 2003) ** John Freeman, British politician (d.
2014 File:2014 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Stocking up supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the Western African Ebola virus epidemic; Citizens examining the ruins after the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping; Bundles of wat ...
) * February 20Danuta Szaflarska Polish screen, stage actress (d. 2017) * February 21 ** Ann Sheridan, American film actress (d. 1967) ** Anton Vratuša, 8th
Prime Minister of Slovenia The prime minister of Slovenia, officially the president of the Government of the Republic of Slovenia ( sl, Predsednik Vlade Republike Slovenije), is the head of the Government of the Republic of Slovenia. There have been nine officeholders since ...
(d. 2017) * February 23 ** Jon Hall, American actor (d. 1979) ** Paul Tibbets, American World War II bomber pilot ('' Enola Gay'') (d.
2007 File:2007 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Steve Jobs unveils Apple's first iPhone; TAM Airlines Flight 3054 overruns a runway and crashes into a gas station, killing almost 200 people; Former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto ...
) * February 25S. Rajaratnam, 1st Senior Minister of Singapore (d. 2006) * February 27Dick Crockett, American actor, stunt performer (d. 1979) * February 28 ** Peter Medawar, Brazilian-born scientist, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ( sv, Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin) is awarded yearly by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute, Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute for outstanding discoveries in physiology or ...
(d. 1987) ** Zero Mostel, American film, stage actor (d. 1977)


March

*
March 1 Events Pre-1600 *509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor Diocletian and ...
Elizabeth Peet McIntosh Elizabeth "Betty" Peet McIntosh (born Elizabeth Sebree Peet; March 1, 1915 – June 8, 2015) was known for her undercover work during World War II for the OSS (forerunner of the CIA). Early life She was the daughter of two reporters and raised i ...
, American spy (d. 2015) * March 4 **
László Csizsik-Csatáry László () is a Hungarian language, Hungarian male given name and surname after the King-Knight Saint Ladislaus I of Hungary (1077–1095). It derives from Ladislav, a variant of Vladislav. Other versions are Lessl or Laszly. The name has a histo ...
, Hungarian convicted Nazi war criminal (d. 2013) ** Carlos Surinach, Spanish composer (d. 1997) * March 5Sydney Sturgess, British-Canadian actress (d. 1999) * March 6 **
Mary Ward Mary Ward may refer to: Scientists and academics * Mary Ward (nurse) (1884–1972) English nurse to the boat people on the waterways * Mary Ward (scientist) (née King, 1827–1869) Irish amateur scientist, was killed by an experimental steam car ...
, Australian actress (d. 2021) ** Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin, Indian leader of the Dawoodi Bohra Community (d.
2014 File:2014 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Stocking up supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the Western African Ebola virus epidemic; Citizens examining the ruins after the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping; Bundles of wat ...
) * March 7Jacques Chaban-Delmas, French politician, Prime Minister of France (d. 2000) * March 8Drue Heinz, American literary publisher (d. 2018) * March 9John Edgar "Johnnie" Johnson, English pilot (d.
2001 The September 11 attacks against the United States by Al-Qaeda, which killed 2,977 people and instigated the global war on terror, were a defining event of 2001. The United States led a multi-national coalition in an invasion of Afghanistan ...
) * March 11Vijay Hazare, Indian cricketer (d. 2004) * March 15Carl Emil Schorske, American cultural historian (d. 2015) * March 17Bill Roycroft, Australian equestrian (d. 2011) * March 19
Patricia Morison Eileen Patricia Augusta Fraser Morison (March 19, 1915 – May 20, 2018) was an American stage, television and film actress of the Golden Age of Hollywood and mezzo-soprano singer. She made her feature film debut in 1939 after several years on ...
, American actress (d. 2018) * March 20 ** Rudolf Kirchschläger, Austrian politician, 8th President of Austria (d. 2000) ** Sviatoslav Richter, Ukrainian pianist (d. 1997) **
Marie M. Runyon Marie M. Runyon (March 20, 1915 – October 7, 2018) was an American activist and former New York State Legislator from New York. Early life Marie Runyon (born Marie Morgan) was born on March 20, 1915, in Brevard, North Carolina to a pharmacist ...
, American politician, activist (d. 2018) ** Sister Rosetta Tharpe, American singer (d. 1973) *
March 23 Events Pre-1600 *1400 – The Trần dynasty of Vietnam is deposed, after one hundred and seventy-five years of rule, by Hồ Quý Ly, a court official. *1540 – Waltham Abbey is surrendered to King Henry VIII of England; the last rel ...
** Tom Pashby, Canadian ophthalmologist and sport safety advocate (d. 2005) ** Vasily Zaytsev, Soviet sniper (d. 1991) * March 27Robert Lockwood Jr., American musician (d. 2006) * March 28Jeremy Hutchinson, British lawyer, peer (d. 2017) * March 30 ** Brockway McMillan, American government official and scientist (d. 2016) **
Arsenio Erico Arsenio Pastor Erico Martínez (30 March 1915 – 23 July 1977) was a Paraguayan football striker. He is the all-time highest goalscorer in the Argentine first division, with 295 goals according to Argentine Football Association. Previously ...
, Paraguayan footballer (d. 1977) ** Pietro Ingrao, Italian politician (d. 2015) *
March 31 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, daughter of the retired Roman emperor Maximian. *1146 – Bernard of Clairvaux preaches his famous sermon in a field at Vézelay, urging the nec ...
Albert Hourani, English historian (d. 1993)


April

* April 1O. W. Fischer, Austrian actor (d. 2004) * April 3 ** Axel Axgil, Danish LGBT rights activist (d. 2011) ** Piet de Jong, Dutch politician, naval officer, Minister of Defence (1963–1967), and Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1967–1971) (d. 2016) **
İhsan Doğramacı Professor İhsan Doğramacı (3 April 1915 – 25 February 2010) was a Turkish paediatrician, entrepreneur, philanthropist, educationalist and college administrator of Iraqi Turkmen descent born in today's Erbil, Iraq then Ottoman Emp ...
, Turkish physician, academic (d. 2010) ** Paul Touvier, French Nazi collaborator (d. 1996) * April 4
Dorothy Fay Dorothy Fay (born Dorothy Alice Fay Southworth, April 4, 1915 – November 5, 2003) was an American actress mainly known for her appearances in Western movies. Early life and career She was born Dorothy Fay Southworth in Prescott, Arizona, ...
, American actress (d. 2003) * April 6 ** Tadeusz Kantor, Polish painter, assemblage designer and theatre director (d. 1990) ** Thelma McKenzie, Australian cricketer * April 7 ** Stanley Adams, American actor and screenwriter (d. 1977) ** Albert O. Hirschman, German-born economist (d.
2012 File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gather ...
) ** Billie Holiday, African-American singer (d. 1959) * April 8 ** Sir Alan Dawtry, British local government official (d. 2018) ** Ivan Supek, Croatian physicist, author, and human rights activist (d.
2007 File:2007 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Steve Jobs unveils Apple's first iPhone; TAM Airlines Flight 3054 overruns a runway and crashes into a gas station, killing almost 200 people; Former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto ...
) * April 10 ** Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan, Kashmiri guerrilla leader (d. 2003) ** Harry Morgan, American actor and director (d. 2011) *
April 12 Events Pre-1600 * 240 – Shapur I becomes co-emperor of the Sasanian Empire with his father Ardashir I. * 467 – Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 627 – King Edwin of Northumbria is converted t ...
** George Hogan, American professional basketball player (d. 1965) ** Hound Dog Taylor, American guitarist, singer (d. 1975) * April 19Vonda Phelps, American actress (d. 2004) * April 20 ** Aurora Miranda, Brazilian singer and actress (d. 2005) ** Zita Szeleczky, Hungarian actress (d. 1999) * April 21Anthony Quinn, Mexican actor (d.
2001 The September 11 attacks against the United States by Al-Qaeda, which killed 2,977 people and instigated the global war on terror, were a defining event of 2001. The United States led a multi-national coalition in an invasion of Afghanistan ...
) * April 24Sam Burston, Australian farmer (d. 2015) * April 29Donald Mills, lead tenor of the
Mills Brothers The Mills Brothers, sometimes billed the Four Mills Brothers, and originally known as the Four Kings of Harmony, were an American jazz and traditional pop vocal quartet who made more than 2,000 recordings that sold more than 50 million copies an ...
(d. 1999) * April 30Elio Toaff, Italian rabbi (d. 2015)


May

* May 1Archie Williams, American athlete (d. 1993) * May 2 ** Van Alexander, American bandleader, arranger and composer (d. 2015) ** Doris Fisher, American singer and songwriter (d. 2003) * May 3 **
Michele Cozzoli Michele Cozzoli (3 May 1915 – 31 August 1961) was an Italian composer, conductor and arranger. Biography Born in Naples, Cozzoli studied piano and violin under the composer Raffaele Caravaglios. After the military service, he made his profess ...
, Italian composer, conductor and arranger (d. 1961) ** Stu Hart, Canadian wrestling trainer (d. 2003) * May 5Alice Faye, American entertainer (d. 1998) * May 6 ** Sydney Carter, British musician, poet and songwriter (d. 2004) **
Orson Welles George Orson Welles (May 6, 1915 – October 10, 1985) was an American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter, known for his innovative work in film, radio and theatre. He is considered to be among the greatest and most influential f ...
, American actor and director (d. 1985) * May 8John Archer, American actor (d. 1999) * May 10 ** Beyers Naudé, South African cleric, theologian and activist (d. 2004) ** Sir Denis Thatcher, British businessman, husband of
Margaret Thatcher Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher (; 13 October 19258 April 2013) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990. She was the first female British prime ...
(d. 2003) * May 12 ** Brother Roger, Swiss founder of the Taizé Community (d. 2005) ** Tadashi Sasaki, Japanese engineer (d. 2018) * May 15 ** Ida Keeling, American track and field athlete (d. 2021) ** Evelyn Owen, Australian gun designer (d. 1949) ** Paul Samuelson, American economist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfre ...
laureate (d. 2009) * May 16Mario Monicelli, Italian film director (d. 2010) * May 19Renée Asherson, British actress (d.
2014 File:2014 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Stocking up supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the Western African Ebola virus epidemic; Citizens examining the ruins after the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping; Bundles of wat ...
) * May 20Moshe Dayan, Israeli military leader and politician (d.
1981 Events January * January 1 ** Greece enters the European Economic Community, predecessor of the European Union. ** Palau becomes a self-governing territory. * January 10 – Salvadoran Civil War: The FMLN launches its first major off ...
) * May 25Aarne Kainlauri, Finnish athlete (d. 2020) * May 27 ** Ester Soré, Chilean musician (d. 1996) ** Herman Wouk, American author (d.
2019 File:2019 collage v1.png, From top left, clockwise: Hong Kong protests turn to widespread riots and civil disobedience; House of Representatives votes to adopt articles of impeachment against Donald Trump; CRISPR gene editing first used to experim ...
) * May 29Karl Münchinger, German conductor (d. 1990) * May 31Carmen Herrera, Cuban-American painter (d. 2022)


June

*
June 1 Events Pre-1600 *1215 – Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, ending the Battle of Zhongdu. *1252 – Alfonso X is proclaimed king o ...
** Johnny Bond, American country music singer and songwriter (d. 1978) ** John Randolph, American actor (d. 2004) * June 2 ** Jason Lee, American politician and judge (d. 1980) ** Tapio Wirkkala, Finnish designer (d. 1985) * June 3Milton Cato, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (d. 1997) * June 4Modibo Keïta, 1st President of Mali (d. 1977) * June 9 **
Ken Feltscheer Ken Feltscheer (9 June 1915 – 25 December 2017) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Melbourne and Hawthorn in the Victorian Football League (VFL). He turned 100 in June 2015 and died on 25 December 2017 at the age of 102. ...
, Australian rules footballer (d. 2017) ** Les Paul, American inventor and musician (d. 2009) * June 10 **
Saul Bellow Saul Bellow (born Solomon Bellows; 10 July 1915 – 5 April 2005) was a Canadian-born American writer. For his literary work, Bellow was awarded the Pulitzer Prize, the Nobel Prize for Literature, and the National Medal of Arts. He is the only w ...
, Canadian-born writer,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfre ...
laureate (d. 2005) ** Peride Celal, Turkish author (d. 2013) ** Inia Te Wiata, New Zealand Māori bass-baritone opera singer, film actor, whakairo (carver) and artist (d. 1971) * June 11 **
Buddy Baer Jacob Henry "Buddy" Baer (June 11, 1915 – July 18, 1986) was an American boxer and later an actor with important parts in seventeen films, as well as roles on various television series in the 1950s and 1960s. In 1941, he came extremely cl ...
, American boxer and actor (d. 1986) ** Magda Gabor, Hungarian-American actress (d. 1997) * June 12 ** William MacVane, American surgeon and politician (d. 2010) ** David Rockefeller, American banker and philanthropist (d. 2017) * June 14 ** Loke Wan Tho, Singaporean business magnate, ornithologist, and photographer (d. 1964) ** Zoe Dell Nutter, American dancer, model, promoter, pilot and philanthropist (d. 2020) * June 15 ** Kaiser Matanzima, President of the Transkei bantustan (d. 2003) **
Nini Theilade Nini Arlette Theilade (15 June 1915 – 13 February 2018) was a Danish ballet dancer, choreographer and teacher. Early life Theilade was born in Purwokerto, Dutch East Indies. Her mother, Joanna Catarina, was of Polish, German, and French extract ...
, Danish ballet dancer, choreographer and teacher (d. 2018) ** Thomas Huckle Weller, American virologist, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ( sv, Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin) is awarded yearly by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute, Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute for outstanding discoveries in physiology or ...
(d. 2008) * June 16Mariano Rumor, Italian politician and Prime Minister of Italy from 1968 to 1970 and again from 1973 to 1974 (d. 1990) * June 17 ** Mario Echandi Jiménez, President of Costa Rica (d. 2011) **
Karl Targownik American Psychiatric Association. Biographical directory of the fellows and members of the American Psychiatric Association, as of October 1, 1977 New York, N.Y. : Bowker, 1977. (OCoLC) 3787223 Karl Kalman Targownik (June 17, 1915 – January 2, ...
, Hungarian psychiatrist and Holocaust survivor (d. 1996) ** Walter J. Zable, American founder and CEO of Cubic Corporation (d.
2012 File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gather ...
) *
June 20 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius' battles Attila the Hun. After the battle, which was inconclusive, Attila retreats, causing the Romans to interpret it as a victory. * 1180 – First Battle of Uji, starting ...
Terence Young, British film director and screenwriter (d.
1994 File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which sank in the Baltic Sea; Nelson Ma ...
) * June 21Karol Miklosz, Polish-Soviet footballer, Soviet referee and Soviet-Ukrainian football administrator (d. 2003) *
June 22 Events Pre-1600 *217 BC – Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV Philopator of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. * 168 BC – Battle of Pydna: Romans under Lucius Aemilius Paullus defeat Macedonian King Per ...
** Duncan Clark, Scottish athlete (d. 2003) ** Randolph Hokanson, American pianist (d. 2018) ** Hatsuko Morioka, Japanese freestyle swimmer ** Cornelius Warmerdam, American track & field athlete (d.
2001 The September 11 attacks against the United States by Al-Qaeda, which killed 2,977 people and instigated the global war on terror, were a defining event of 2001. The United States led a multi-national coalition in an invasion of Afghanistan ...
) * June 24 ** Fred Hoyle, British astronomer (d.
2001 The September 11 attacks against the United States by Al-Qaeda, which killed 2,977 people and instigated the global war on terror, were a defining event of 2001. The United States led a multi-national coalition in an invasion of Afghanistan ...
) ** Bill Radovich, American football guard (d. 2002) * June 25Floyd Boring, American Secret Service agent (d. 2008) * June 26 **
George Haigh George Haigh (26 June 1915 – 23 April 2019) was an English professional footballer, mainly known for his association with Stockport County. At the age of 103, he was the oldest surviving former County player, and had been widely attributed for ...
, English professional footballer (d.
2019 File:2019 collage v1.png, From top left, clockwise: Hong Kong protests turn to widespread riots and civil disobedience; House of Representatives votes to adopt articles of impeachment against Donald Trump; CRISPR gene editing first used to experim ...
) **
Charlotte Zolotow Charlotte Zolotow (born Charlotte Gertrude Shapiro; June 26, 1915 – November 19, 2013) was an American writer, poet, editor, and publisher of many books for children. She wrote about 70 picture book texts. The writers she edited include Paul Fl ...
, American author (d. 2013) * June 27 ** Grace Lee Boggs, American author, social activist, and philosopher (d. 2015) ** Graham Botting, New Zealand cricketer and hockey (d.
2007 File:2007 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Steve Jobs unveils Apple's first iPhone; TAM Airlines Flight 3054 overruns a runway and crashes into a gas station, killing almost 200 people; Former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto ...
) ** Marie Clarke, American activist and labor leader (d. 2020) ** Aideu Handique, Indian actress (d. 2002) ** John Alexander Moore, American zoology professor emeritus (d. 2002) * June 28 ** David "Honeyboy" Edwards, American musician (d. 2011) **
Muzz Patrick Frederick Murray "Muzz" Patrick (June 28, 1915 – July 27, 1998) was a Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and general manager. He played in the National Hockey League with the New York Rangers from 1938 to 1941, and then from 1945 to 1946. He ...
, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1998) ** Carmen Vidal, Spanish cosmetologist and businesswoman (d. 2003) * June 29John Charles Cutler, American surgeon (d. 2003) * June 30 ** Oskar-Hubert Dennhardt, German officer (d.
2014 File:2014 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Stocking up supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the Western African Ebola virus epidemic; Citizens examining the ruins after the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping; Bundles of wat ...
) **
Robert E. Hopkins Robert Earl Hopkins (June 30, 1915 – July 4, 2009) was president of the Optical Society of America in 1973. Recognized as an expert in optical instrument design, aspheric optics, interferometry, lasers, and lens testing, Hopkins has been chara ...
, president of the Optical Society of America in 1973 (d. 2009)


July

* July 1 **
A. F. M. Ahsanuddin Chowdhury Abul Fazal Mohammad Ahsanuddin Chowdhury (1 July 1915 – 30 August 2001) was a Bengali public servant and judge who served as the president of Bangladesh from 1982 to 1983. Biography Chowdhury was born in 1915. He graduated and obtained his LL.B ...
, 9th President of Bangladesh (d.
2001 The September 11 attacks against the United States by Al-Qaeda, which killed 2,977 people and instigated the global war on terror, were a defining event of 2001. The United States led a multi-national coalition in an invasion of Afghanistan ...
) ** Willie Dixon, American blues musician (d. 1992) ** Philip Lever, 3rd Viscount Leverhulme, British peer (d. 2000) ** Rudolf Pernický, Czechoslovak soldier and paratrooper (d. 2005) ** Boots Poffenberger, American Major League Baseball pitcher (d. 1999) ** Oscar Valicelli, Argentine actor (d. 1999) * July 3 ** Ralph Chapin, American businessman (d. 2000) ** Marta Grandi, Italian entomologist (d. 2005) * July 4 – Timmie Rogers, American actor and singer-songwriter (d. 2006) * July 5 ** Yu Guangyuan, Chinese economist (d. 2013) ** Al Timothy, Trinidadian musician (d. 2000) ** John Woodruff (athlete), John Woodruff, American athlete (d.
2007 File:2007 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Steve Jobs unveils Apple's first iPhone; TAM Airlines Flight 3054 overruns a runway and crashes into a gas station, killing almost 200 people; Former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto ...
) * July 6 ** Leonard Birchall, Royal Canadian Air Force (d. 2004) ** Javare Gowda, Indian language author (d. 2016) * July 7 ** Reynaldo Guerra Garza, American judge (d. 2004) ** Adalbert Gurath Sr., Romanian fencer (d. 1990) ** Billy Mure, American guitarist (d. 2013) ** Terry O'Sullivan, American actor (d. 2006) * July 8 ** Lowell English, United States Marine Corps general (d. 2005) ** Neil D. Van Sickle, American Air Force major general (d.
2019 File:2019 collage v1.png, From top left, clockwise: Hong Kong protests turn to widespread riots and civil disobedience; House of Representatives votes to adopt articles of impeachment against Donald Trump; CRISPR gene editing first used to experim ...
) *
July 9 Events Pre-1600 *118 – Hadrian, who became emperor a year previously on Trajan's death, makes his entry into Rome. * 381 – The end of the First Council of Christian bishops convened in Constantinople by the Roman Emperor Theodos ...
** Joan Tompkins, American actress (d. 2005) * July 10 – Kevin Barrett (footballer), Kevin Barrett, Australian rules footballer (d. 1984) * July 11 – Leonard Goodwin, British protozoologist (d. 2008) * July 12 ** Princess Catherine Ivanovna of Russia (d.
2007 File:2007 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Steve Jobs unveils Apple's first iPhone; TAM Airlines Flight 3054 overruns a runway and crashes into a gas station, killing almost 200 people; Former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto ...
) ** Emanuel Papper, American anesthesiologist, professor, and author (d. 2002) * July 13 ** Tex Hill, Korean-American fighter pilot and flying ace (d.
2007 File:2007 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Steve Jobs unveils Apple's first iPhone; TAM Airlines Flight 3054 overruns a runway and crashes into a gas station, killing almost 200 people; Former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto ...
) ** Paul Williams (saxophonist), Paul Williams, African American jazz and blues saxophonist, bandleader and songwriter (d. 2002) * July 14 – Harold Pupkewitz, Namibian entrepreneur (d.
2012 File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gather ...
) * July 15 ** William O. Baker, president of Bell Labs (d. 2005) ** Alicia Zubasnabar de De la Cuadra, Argentine human rights activist (d. 2008) ** A. A. Englander, British television cinematographer (d. 2004) ** Albert Ghiorso, American nuclear scientist (d. 2010) ** Kashmir Singh Katoch, Indian military advisor (d.
2007 File:2007 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Steve Jobs unveils Apple's first iPhone; TAM Airlines Flight 3054 overruns a runway and crashes into a gas station, killing almost 200 people; Former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto ...
) ** Alexandru Usatiuc-Bulgăr, Moldovan activist (d. 2003) * July 16 – Elaine Barrie, American actress (d. 2003) * July 17 ** Fred Ball, American movie studio executive, actor, and brother of comedian Lucille Ball (d.
2007 File:2007 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Steve Jobs unveils Apple's first iPhone; TAM Airlines Flight 3054 overruns a runway and crashes into a gas station, killing almost 200 people; Former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto ...
) ** Arthur Rothstein, American photographer (d. 1985) * July 18 ** Roxana Cannon Arsht, American judge (d. 2003) ** Carequinha, Brazilian clown, actor (d. 2006) ** Louis Le Bailly, British Royal Navy officer (d. 2010) * July 19 ** Rita Childers, First Lady of Ireland (1973–1974) (d. 2010) ** Katherine Sanford, American biologist (d. 2005) * July 20 ** Matest M. Agrest, Russian-Jewish mathematician (d. 2005) ** Gene Hasson, American Major League Baseball infielder (d. 2003) * July 22 – Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah, Pakistani female politician, diplomat and author (d. 2000) * July 24 – Enrique Fernando, Chief Justice of the Philippine Supreme Court (d. 2004) * July 25 ** S. U. Ethirmanasingham, Sri Lankan businessman and politician ** Julio Iglesias, Sr., Spanish gynecologist, father of Julio Iglesias (d. 2005) ** Joseph P. Kennedy Jr., American fighter pilot, brother of John F. Kennedy (d. 1944) * July 26 – K. Pattabhi Jois, Indian yogi (d. 2009) * July 28 ** Red Barrett, American baseball player (d. 1990) ** Helena Dunicz-Niwińska, Polish violinist, translator and author (d. 2018) ** Charles Hard Townes, American physicist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfre ...
laureate (d. 2015) ** Frankie Yankovic, American accordion player (d. 1998)


August

* August 2 ** Gary Merrill, American actor (d. 1990) ** Neville Wigram, 2nd Baron Wigram, British army officer (d. 2017) * August 3 ** Frank Arthur Calder, Canadian politician (d. 2006) ** Pete Newell, Canadian-born basketball coach (d. 2008) * August 4 – William Keene, American actor (d. 1992) * August 8 ** Alex Schoenbaum, American collegiate football player and businessman (d. 1996) ** María Rostworowski, Peruvian historian (d. 2016) ** Joseph P. Graw, American businessman and politician (d. 2018) * August 9 – George W. BonDurant, American preacher (d. 2017) * August 12 ** Donald Pellmann, American masters athlete (d. 2020) ** Michael Kidd, American choreographer (d.
2007 File:2007 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Steve Jobs unveils Apple's first iPhone; TAM Airlines Flight 3054 overruns a runway and crashes into a gas station, killing almost 200 people; Former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto ...
) * August 14 ** Vincent Foy, Canadian Roman Catholic cleric, theologian (d. 2017) ** Irene Hickson, American professional baseball player (d. 1995) * August 16 – Herbert Greenwald, American real estate developer (d. 1959) * August 18 – Joseph Arthur Ankrah, 2nd President of Ghana (d. 1992) * August 19 – Ring Lardner Jr., American film screenwriter (d. 2000) * August 21 – Arnold Goodman, Baron Goodman, British lawyer, political adviser (d. 1995) * August 24 ** Dave McCoy, American founder of the Mammoth Mountain Ski Area (d. 2020) ** Wynonie Harris, African-American blues, rhythm and blues singer (d. 1969) * August 25 – Walter Trampler, American violist (d. 1997) * August 27 – Norman F. Ramsey, American physicist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfre ...
laureate (d. 2011) * August 28 ** Tol Avery, American actor (d. 1973) ** Simon Oakland, American actor (d. 1983) ** Max Robertson, British sports commentator (d. 2009) * August 29 – Ingrid Bergman, Swedish actress (d.
1982 Events January * January 1 – In Malaysia and Singapore, clocks are adjusted to the same time zone, UTC+8 (GMT+8.00). * January 13 – Air Florida Flight 90 crashes shortly after takeoff into the 14th Street Bridge in Washington, D.C., Un ...
) * August 30 ** Princess Lilian, Duchess of Halland, British-born Swedish princess (d. 2013) ** Robert Strassburg, American composer (d. 2003) * August 31 – Víctor Pey, Spanish-Chilean engineer (d. 2018)


September

* September 2 – Meinhardt Raabe, American actor (d. 2010) * September 3 ** Knut Nystedt, Norwegian composer (d.
2014 File:2014 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Stocking up supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the Western African Ebola virus epidemic; Citizens examining the ruins after the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping; Bundles of wat ...
) ** Eddie Stanky, American baseball player and manager (d. 1999) * September 6 – Franz Josef Strauss, German politician (d. 1988) * September 7 – Richard E. Cole, American air force officer (d.
2019 File:2019 collage v1.png, From top left, clockwise: Hong Kong protests turn to widespread riots and civil disobedience; House of Representatives votes to adopt articles of impeachment against Donald Trump; CRISPR gene editing first used to experim ...
) * September 8 – Frank Cady, American actor (d.
2012 File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gather ...
) * September 9 – Richard Webb (actor), Richard Webb, American actor (d. 1993) * September 10 ** Viva Leroy Nash, American murderer, oldest death row inmate (d. 2010) ** Edmond O'Brien, American actor (d. 1985) ** Robert Sparr, American film director and screenwriter (d. 1969) * September 11 – Raúl Alberto Lastiri, 39th President of Argentina (d. 1978) * September 14 ** John Dobson (amateur astronomer), John Dobson, American astronomer (d.
2014 File:2014 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Stocking up supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the Western African Ebola virus epidemic; Citizens examining the ruins after the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping; Bundles of wat ...
) ** Douglas Kennedy (actor), Douglas Kennedy, American actor (d. 1973) * September 15 ** Helmut Schön, German football player, manager (d. 1996) ** Albert Whitlock, British-born Matte (filmmaking), matte artist (d. 1999) * September 16 – Eddie Filgate, Irish politician (d. 2017) * September 17 – M. F. Husain, Indian artist (d. 2011) * September 19 – Germán Valdés, Mexican actor, singer and comedian (d. 1973) * September 20 – Malik Meraj Khalid, Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 2003) * September 22 – Bernardino Piñera, Chilean Roman Catholic bishop (d. 2020) * September 23 ** Julius Baker, American flautist (d. 2003) ** Zdenko Blažeković, Croatian politician (d.
1947 It was the first year of the Cold War, which would last until 1991, ending with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Events January * January– February – Winter of 1946–47 in the United Kingdom: The worst snowfall in the count ...
) ** Clifford Shull, American physicist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfre ...
laureate (d.
2001 The September 11 attacks against the United States by Al-Qaeda, which killed 2,977 people and instigated the global war on terror, were a defining event of 2001. The United States led a multi-national coalition in an invasion of Afghanistan ...
) * September 24 – Joseph Montoya, American politician (d. 1978) * September 27 – Ira Colitz, American politician (d. 1998) * September 28 – Kay Mander, British film director, shooting continuity specialist (d. 2013) * September 29 ** Vincent DeDomenico, American entrepreneur (d.
2007 File:2007 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Steve Jobs unveils Apple's first iPhone; TAM Airlines Flight 3054 overruns a runway and crashes into a gas station, killing almost 200 people; Former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto ...
) ** Brenda Marshall, American actress (d. 1992) * September 30 ** Nadezhda Fedutenko, Soviet red army officer (d. 1978) ** Lester Maddox, Governor of Georgia (d. 2003)


October

* October 1 ** Jerome Bruner, American psychologist (d. 2016) ** Talat Tunçalp, Turkish Olympian cyclist (d. 2017) * October 2 – Chuck Williams (author), Chuck Williams, American businessman (d. 2015) * October 6 – Neus Català, Spanish political activist (d.
2019 File:2019 collage v1.png, From top left, clockwise: Hong Kong protests turn to widespread riots and civil disobedience; House of Representatives votes to adopt articles of impeachment against Donald Trump; CRISPR gene editing first used to experim ...
) * October 7 – Walter Keane, American plagiarist (d. 2000) * October 11 – T. Llew Jones, Welsh author, poet (d. 2009) * October 12 ** José Bragato, Italian-born Argentine cellist, composer, conductor and arranger (d. 2017) ** Tony Rafty, Australian caricaturist (d. 2015) * October 13 – Frederick Rosier, British Royal Air Force commander (d. 1998) * October 14 – Loris Francesco Capovilla, Italian Roman Catholic prelate (d. 2016) * October 17 ** Victor Garaygordóbil Berrizbeitia, Spanish Roman Catholic bishop (d. 2018) ** H. Basil S. Cooke, Canadian geologist, palaeontologist (d. 2018) ** John J. McKetta, American chemical engineer (d.
2019 File:2019 collage v1.png, From top left, clockwise: Hong Kong protests turn to widespread riots and civil disobedience; House of Representatives votes to adopt articles of impeachment against Donald Trump; CRISPR gene editing first used to experim ...
) ** Arthur Miller, American playwright (d. 2005) * October 18 – Thomas Round, English opera singer, actor (d. 2016) * October 19 – Andreas Peter Cornelius Sol, Dutch prelate (d. 2016) * October 21 – Aleksandr Ezhevsky, Soviet engineer, statesman (d. 2017) * October 22 – Yitzhak Shamir, Israeli politician (d.
2012 File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gather ...
) * October 23 – Shin Hyun-joon (general), Shin Hyun-joon, South Korean general (d.
2007 File:2007 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Steve Jobs unveils Apple's first iPhone; TAM Airlines Flight 3054 overruns a runway and crashes into a gas station, killing almost 200 people; Former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto ...
) * October 24 – Bob Kane, American comic book artist/writer, co-creator of Batman (d. 1998) * October 27 – Harry Saltzman, Canadian theatre, film producer (d.
1994 File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which sank in the Baltic Sea; Nelson Ma ...
) * October 28 – Dody Goodman, American actress, dancer (d. 2008) * October 29 – William Berenberg, American physician (d. 2005)


November

* November 1 ** Marion Eugene Carl, U.S. Marine Corps World War II fighter ace, test pilot (d. 1998) ** Frances Hesselbein, American President, CEO of the Frances Hesselbein Leadership Institute ** Eva Macapagal, 9th First Lady of the Philippines (d. 1999) * November 2 – Kay Armen, American Armenian singer (d. 2011) * November 4 ** Wee Kim Wee, 4th President of Singapore (d. 2005) ** Ismail Abdul Rahman, Malaysian politician (d. 1973) * November 7 ** Philip Morrison, American physicist, astrophysicist and professor (d. 2005) ** Jiao Ruoyu, Chinese Communist Party politician (d. 2020) * November 8 – Richard Luyt, 1st Governor General of Guyana (d.
1994 File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which sank in the Baltic Sea; Nelson Ma ...
) * November 9 – Sargent Shriver, American politician (d. 2011) * November 11 ** William Proxmire, United States Senator (d. 2005) ** Anna Schwartz, American economist (d.
2012 File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gather ...
) * November 12 – Roland Barthes, French philosopher, literary critic (d. 1980) * November 13 – Clara Marangoni, Italian gymnast (d. 2018) * November 17 – Albert Malbois, French prelate (d. 2017) * November 18 – James Whittico Jr., American physician (d. 2018) * November 19 – Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr., American physiologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1974) * November 20 – Bill Daniel (politician), Bill Daniel, American politician (d. 2006) * November 23 ** John Dehner, American actor (d. 1992) ** Julio César Méndez Montenegro, President of Guatemala (d. 1996) * November 25 ** Augusto Pinochet, 31st President of Chile (d. 2006) ** Armando Villanueva, leader of the Peruvian American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (d. 2013) * November 29 ** Eugene Polley, American electronics engineer (d.
2012 File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gather ...
) ** Billy Strayhorn, American jazz pianist-composer (d. 1967) * November 30 ** Brownie McGhee, American musician (d. 1996) ** Emmanuel Pelaez, 6th Vice President of the Philippines (d. 2003) ** Henry Taube, Canadian-born chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)


December

* December 2 ** Takahito, Prince Mikasa, Prince Takahito of Mikasa, younger brother of Japanese Emperor Hirohito (d. 2016) ** Marais Viljoen, President of South Africa (d.
2007 File:2007 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Steve Jobs unveils Apple's first iPhone; TAM Airlines Flight 3054 overruns a runway and crashes into a gas station, killing almost 200 people; Former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto ...
) * December 5 – Ren Xinmin, Chinese aerospace engineer (d. 2017) * December 6 – Alan Sayers, New Zealand journalist, photographer and athlete (d. 2017) * December 7 – Eli Wallach, American actor (d.
2014 File:2014 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Stocking up supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the Western African Ebola virus epidemic; Citizens examining the ruins after the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping; Bundles of wat ...
) * December 8 – Ernest Lehman, American screenwriter (d. 2005) * December 9 – Elisabeth Schwarzkopf, German-born soprano (d. 2006) * December 12 ** Felicity Hill, British Royal Air Force officer (d.
2019 File:2019 collage v1.png, From top left, clockwise: Hong Kong protests turn to widespread riots and civil disobedience; House of Representatives votes to adopt articles of impeachment against Donald Trump; CRISPR gene editing first used to experim ...
) ** Frank Sinatra, American singer, actor (d. 1998) * December 13 ** Curd Juergens, Austrian-German film actor (d.
1982 Events January * January 1 – In Malaysia and Singapore, clocks are adjusted to the same time zone, UTC+8 (GMT+8.00). * January 13 – Air Florida Flight 90 crashes shortly after takeoff into the 14th Street Bridge in Washington, D.C., Un ...
) ** B. J. Vorster, South African politician, Prime Minister and State President (d. 1983) * December 14 – Dan Dailey, American actor, dancer (d. 1978) * December 15 **Kenshiro Abbe, Japanese master of judo, aikido, and kendo (d. 1985) **Charles F. Wheeler, American cinematographer (d. 2004) * December 17 – Robert A. Dahl, American political scientist (d.
2014 File:2014 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Stocking up supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the Western African Ebola virus epidemic; Citizens examining the ruins after the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping; Bundles of wat ...
) * December 18 – Bill Zuckert, American actor (d. 1997) * December 19 ** Ke Hua, Chinese diplomat (d.
2019 File:2019 collage v1.png, From top left, clockwise: Hong Kong protests turn to widespread riots and civil disobedience; House of Representatives votes to adopt articles of impeachment against Donald Trump; CRISPR gene editing first used to experim ...
) ** Édith Piaf, French singer (d. 1963) * December 21 – Werner von Trapp, member of the Austrian Trapp Family Singers (d.
2007 File:2007 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Steve Jobs unveils Apple's first iPhone; TAM Airlines Flight 3054 overruns a runway and crashes into a gas station, killing almost 200 people; Former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto ...
) * December 22 – Barbara Billingsley, American actress (d. 2010) * December 27 ** Mary Kornman, American child actress (d. 1973) ** Gyula Zsengellér, Hungarian footballer (d. 1999) * December 31 – Davuldena Gnanissara Thero, Sri Lankan Buddhist monk (d. 2017)


Deaths


January

* January 9 – Yang Shoujing, Chinese historical geographer and calligrapher (b. 1839) * January 10 – Marshall Pinckney Wilder, American actor, humorist, comedian and monologist (b. 1859) * January 13 – Mary Slessor, Scottish Christian missionary (b. 1848) * January 14 – Richard Meux Benson, English founder of an Anglican religious order (b. 1824) * January 18 – Anatoly Stessel, Russian baron and general (b. 1848) * January 19 – Anna Leonowens (Anna of ''The King and I'') (b. 1831) * January 22 – James M. Spangler, American inventor (b. 1848)


February

* February 3 – Bosnian Serb conspirators (executed for their part in the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria): ** Veljko Čubrilović (b. 1886) ** Danilo Ilić (b. 1891) ** Miško Jovanović (b. 1878) *
February 5 Events Pre-1600 *AD 62, 62 – AD 62 Pompeii earthquake, Earthquake in Pompeii, Italy. *1576 – Henry IV of France, Henry of Navarre :wikt:abjure, abjures Catholicism at Tours and rejoins the Protestant forces in the French Wars of Re ...
– Ross Barnes, American baseball player (b. 1850) * February 18 ** Francisco Giner de los Ríos, Spanish philosopher, educator (b. 1839) ** Frank James, American outlaw (b. 1843) * February 22 – John Gough (VC), Sir John Gough, British general, Victoria Cross recipient (killed in action) (b. 1871) * February 26 –Edward Richardson, New Zealand engineer and politician (b. 1831)


March

* March 4 – William Willett, English promoter of daylight saving time (b. 1856) * March 13 – Sergei Witte, Russian aristocrat, statesman and Prime Minister (b. 1849) * March 14 – Lincoln J. Beachey, American pilot (b. 1887) * March 15 – George Llewelyn Davies, English soldier, inspiration for the "Lost Boys" of ''Peter Pan'' (killed in action) (b. 1893) * March 21 – Frederick Winslow Taylor, American engineer, economist (b. 1856) * March 24 − Morgan Robertson, American author (b. 1861) *
March 31 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, daughter of the retired Roman emperor Maximian. *1146 – Bernard of Clairvaux preaches his famous sermon in a field at Vézelay, urging the nec ...
** Wyndham Halswelle, Scottish runner (killed in action) (b. 1882) ** Nathan Rothschild, 1st Baron Rothschild, British banker and politician (b. 1840)


April

* April 4 – Andrew Stoddart, English sportsman (b. 1863) * April 9 – Friedrich Loeffler, German bacteriologist (b. 1852) * April 26 – Ida Hunt Udall, American Latter-day Saint diarist (b. 1858) * April 16 – Nelson W. Aldrich, U.S. Senator from Rhode Island (b. 1841) * April 20 – Daniel Webster Jones (Mormon), Daniel Webster Jones, American Latter-day Saint pioneer (b. 1830) * April 23 ** Rupert Brooke, English poet (sepsis from an infected mosquito bite on active service) (b. 1887) ** Frederick Fisher (VC), Frederick Fisher, Canadian recipient of Victoria Cross (killed in action) (b. 1894) * April 25 – Frederick W. Seward, American politician (b. 1830) * April 26 – John Bunny, American actor (b. 1863) * April 27 ** William Barnard Rhodes-Moorhouse, English airman, first aviator awarded Victoria Cross (b. 1887) ** Alexander Scriabin, Russian composer (b. 1872) * April 30 - Edward D. Easton, founder and president of Columbia Phonograph Company


May

* May 7Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt, American sportsman (b.
1877 Events January–March * January 1 – Queen Victoria is proclaimed ''Empress of India'' by the ''Royal Titles Act 1876'', introduced by Benjamin Disraeli, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom . * January 8 – Great Sio ...
; died in the Sinking of the RMS ''Lusitania'') * May 9 ** François Faber, Luxembourgian cyclist (killed in action) (b. 1887) ** Anthony Wilding, New Zealand tennis player (killed in action) (b. 1883) * May 18 – William Bridges (general), Sir William Bridges, Australian army general (b. 1861) * May 24 – John Condon (British Army soldier), John Condon, Irish private soldier in British Army, claimed as youngest British soldier to die in WWI (killed in action) (b. 1896) * May 26 ** Emil Lask, German philosopher (killed in action) (b. 1875) ** Julian Grenfell, English poet (killed in action) (b. 1888) * May 30 – Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero, 3-time Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1832) * May 31 – Victor Child Villiers, 7th Earl of Jersey, 18th Governor of New South Wales (b. 1845)


June

* June 5 – Henri Gaudier-Brzeska, French artist and sculptor (killed in action) (b. 1891) * June 7 – Charles Reed Bishop, American businessman, philanthropist in Hawaii (b. 1822) * June 10 – Ignatius Maloyan, Armenian Eastern Catholic archbishop and blessed (b. 1869) * June 13 – Zbigniew Dunin-Wasowicz, Polish military leader (killed in action) (b. 1882) * June 19 – Benjamin F. Isherwood, American admiral, United States Navy Engineer-in-Chief (b. 1822) * June 25 – Tok Janggut, Malayan rebel leader (killed in action) (b. 1853)


July

* July 2 – Porfirio Díaz, 29th President of Mexico (b. 1830) * July 6 – Lawrence Hargrave, Australian engineer (b. 1850) * July 10 – Alice Bellvadore Sams Turner, American physician (b. 1859) * July 16 – Ellen G. White, American prophetess, co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, most translated American author (b. 1827) * July 18 – Ozra Amander Hadley, American politician (b. 1826) * July 22 – Sandford Fleming, Sir Sandford Fleming, Canadian engineer and inventor (b. 1827) * July 25 – Virginie Amélie Avegno Gautreau, American-born French socialite, model for the painting ''Portrait of Madame X'' (b. 1859) * July 30 – Charles Becker, American policeman and murderer (executed) (b. 1870)


August

* August 10 – Henry Moseley, English physicist (killed in action) (b. 1887) * August 16 – Kálmán Széll, 13th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1843) * August 17 – Leo Frank, Jewish-American factory superintendent who was falsely convicted of the murder of Mary Phagan (b. 1884) * August 20 ** Paul Ehrlich, German scientist, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ( sv, Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin) is awarded yearly by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute, Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute for outstanding discoveries in physiology or ...
(b. 1854) ** Carlos Finlay, Cuban pathologist (b. 1833) * August 21 – Josiah T. Settle, American lawyer and politician (b. 1850) * August 30 ** Antonio Flores Jijón, 13th President of Ecuador (b. 1833) ** Pascual Orozco, Mexican revolutionary (b. 1882) * August 31 – Adolphe Pégoud, French acrobatic pilot, World War I fighter ace (killed in action) (b. 1889)


September

* September 1 – August Stramm, German poet, playwright (killed in action) (b. 1874) * September 9 ** Antonín Petrof, Czech piano maker (b. 1839) ** Albert Spalding, American baseball player, sporting goods manufacturer (b. 1850) * September 11 – William Sprague IV, American politician from Rhode Island (b. 1830) * September 13 – Andrew L. Harris, American Civil War hero, 44th Governor of Ohio (b. 1835) * September 21 – Anthony Comstock, American anti-indecency reformer (b. 1844) * September 26 – Keir Hardie, British labour leader (b. 1856) * September 27 – Fergus Bowes-Lyon, brother of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother (killed in action) (b. 1889)


October

* October 4 ** Karl Staaff, 11th Prime Minister of Sweden (b. 1860) ** John Rigby, grandfather of Eleanor Rigby, to whom Paul McCartney attributes a subconscious influence on naming the Eleanor Rigby, song with the same name (b.1843) * October 7 – Friedrich Hasenöhrl, Austrian physicist (b. 1874) * October 10 – Albert Cashier, born Jennie Hodgers, Irish American soldier (b. 1843) * October 12Edith Cavell, British nurse, war heroine (shot) (b. 1865) * October 13 – Charles Sorley, British poet (killed in action) (b. 1895) * October 15 – Theodor Boveri, German biologist (b. 1862) * October 16 – Zdeňka Wiedermannová-Motyčková, Moravian pioneer of female education (heart attack) (b. 1868) * October 22 – Wilhelm Windelband, German philosopher (b. 1848) * October 23 – W. G. Grace, English cricketer (b. 1848) * October 26 – August Bungert, German composer, poet (b. 1845) * October 30 – Charles Tupper, Sir Charles Tupper, 6th Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1821) * October 31 – Blanche Walsh, American actress (b. 1873)


November

* November 14 ** Theodor Leschetizky, Polish pianist and composer (b. 1830) ** Booker T. Washington, American educator (b. 1856) * November 15 – Félix de Blochausen, 6th Prime Minister of Luxembourg (b. 1834) *
November 21 Events Pre-1600 *164 BCE – Judas Maccabeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family, rededicates the Temple in Jerusalem, an event is commemorated each year by the festival of Hanukkah. (25 Kislev 3597 in the Hebrew calendar.) * 235 & ...
– Dixie Haygood, American magician (b. 1861) * November 28 – Mubarak Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (b. 1837)


December

* December 18 – Henry Roscoe (chemist), Sir Henry Roscoe, English chemist (b. 1833) * December 18 – Édouard Vaillant, French Socialist politician (b. 1840) * December 19 – Alois Alzheimer, German psychiatrist, neuropathologist (b. 1864) * December 22 – Rose Talbot Bullard, American medical doctor, professor (b. 1864) * December 31 – Tommaso Salvini, Italian actor (b. 1829)


Nobel Prizes

* Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Richard Willstätter * Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Romain Rolland * Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Medicine – not awarded * Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – not awarded * Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg


Notes


Further reading

* Williams, John. ''The Other Battleground The Home Fronts: Britain, France and Germany 1914–1918'' (1972) pp 43–108.


Primary sources and year books


''New International Year Book 1915''
Comprehensive coverage of world and national affairs, 791pp * ''Hazell's Annual for 1916'' (1916), worldwide events of 1915; 640p
online
worldwide coverage of 1915 events; emphasis on Great Britain


External links

* Pictures of the 1915 Galveston Hurricane at th
University of Houston Digital Library
{{Events by month links 1915,