Northern Epirus with the approval of the
Allies
An alliance is a relationship among people, groups, or states that have joined together for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose, whether or not explicit agreement has been worked out among them. Members of an alliance are called ...
.
*
October 28
Events Pre-1600
* 97 – Roman emperor Nerva is forced by the Praetorian Guard to adopt general Marcus Ulpius Trajanus as his heir and successor.
* 306 – Maxentius is proclaimed Roman emperor.
* 312 – Constantine I defeats ...
–
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
:
**
Battle of Penang,
Malaya
Malaya refers to a number of historical and current political entities related to what is currently Peninsular Malaysia in Southeast Asia:
Political entities
* British Malaya (1826–1957), a loose collection of the British colony of the Straits ...
: German cruiser
''Emden'' sinks a Russian cruiser and French destroyer, before escaping.
** Participants in the
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife, Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, were assassinated on 28 June 1914 by Bosnian Serb student Gavrilo Princip. They were shot at close range whil ...
are sentenced at Sarajevo.
Gavrilo Princip, being under 20 years of age at the time of the assassination, cannot be given the death penalty, and is given a 20-year prison sentence instead.
*
October 29 – World War I:
Ottoman warships shell Russian
Black Sea
The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea of the Atlantic Ocean lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Roma ...
ports; Russia, France, and Britain declare war on
November 1
Events Pre-1600
* 365 – The Alemanni cross the Rhine and invade Gaul. Emperor Valentinian I moves to Paris to command the army and defend the Gallic cities.
* 996 – Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk, Bishop of Freising, ...
–
November 5
Events Pre-1600
* 1138 – Lý Anh Tông is enthroned as emperor of Vietnam at the age of two, beginning a 37-year reign.
* 1499 – The '' Catholicon'', written in 1464 by Jehan Lagadeuc in Tréguier, is published; this is the first Br ...
.
*
October 31 – World War I:
Battle of the Vistula River concludes in a Russian victory over German and Austro-Hungarian forces around Warsaw.
November
*
November 1
Events Pre-1600
* 365 – The Alemanni cross the Rhine and invade Gaul. Emperor Valentinian I moves to Paris to command the army and defend the Gallic cities.
* 996 – Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk, Bishop of Freising, ...
– World War I:
Battle of Coronel – A British
Royal Navy
The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against F ...
squadron commanded by Rear-Admiral Sir
Christopher Cradock is met in the eastern Pacific and defeated by superior German forces led by Vice-Admiral
Maximilian von Spee
Maximilian Johannes Maria Hubert Reichsgraf von Spee (22 June 1861 – 8 December 1914) was a naval officer of the German ''Kaiserliche Marine'' (Imperial Navy), who commanded the East Asia Squadron during World War I. Spee entered the navy in ...
in the first British naval defeat of the war, resulting in the loss of
HMS ''Good Hope'' and
HMS ''Monmouth''.
*
November 5
Events Pre-1600
* 1138 – Lý Anh Tông is enthroned as emperor of Vietnam at the age of two, beginning a 37-year reign.
* 1499 – The '' Catholicon'', written in 1464 by Jehan Lagadeuc in Tréguier, is published; this is the first Br ...
–
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
:
**
Britain and
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
declare war on
Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...
.
The United Kingdom annexes
Cyprus
Cyprus ; tr, Kıbrıs (), officially the Republic of Cyprus,, , lit: Republic of Cyprus is an island country located south of the Anatolian Peninsula in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Its continental position is disputed; while it is geo ...
, which it controls until Cyprus' declaration of independence in
1960
It is also known as the "Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen African nations—that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings of Pan-Africanism.
Events
January
* Ja ...
.
** The
Battle of Tanga ends, with the British
Indian Expeditionary Force B failing to capture
German East Africa
German East Africa (GEA; german: Deutsch-Ostafrika) was a German colony in the African Great Lakes region, which included present-day Burundi, Rwanda, the Tanzania mainland, and the Kionga Triangle, a small region later incorporated into Mozam ...
defences.
**
Alpha Phi Delta is founded as a Greek social
fraternity
A fraternity (from Latin language, Latin ''wiktionary:frater, frater'': "brother (Christian), brother"; whence, "wiktionary:brotherhood, brotherhood") or fraternal organization is an organization, society, club (organization), club or fraternal ...
at
Syracuse University
Syracuse University (informally 'Cuse or SU) is a Private university, private research university in Syracuse, New York. Established in 1870 with roots in the Methodist Episcopal Church, the university has been nonsectarian since 1920. Locate ...
in the United States.
*
November 7 –
Siege of Tsingtao
The siege of Tsingtao (or Tsingtau) was the attack on the German port of Tsingtao (now Qingdao) in China during World War I by Japan and the United Kingdom. The siege was waged against Imperial Germany between 27 August and 7 November 1914. Th ...
: The Japanese and British seize Jiaozhou Bay in China, the base of the German East Asia Squadron.
* November 9 – World War I: Battle of Cocos – The German cruiser ''SMS Emden (1906), Emden'', the last active warship of the
Central Powers
The Central Powers, also known as the Central Empires,german: Mittelmächte; hu, Központi hatalmak; tr, İttifak Devletleri / ; bg, Централни сили, translit=Tsentralni sili was one of the two main coalitions that fought in ...
in the Indian Ocean, is sunk by the Australian cruiser ''HMAS Sydney (1912), Sydney''.
* November 13 – Zaian War: Battle of El Herri – Zayanes (Berbers) in Morocco overpower French forces.
* November 14 – The Joensuu Town Hall, designed by Eliel Saarinen, was inaugurated in Joensuu, Finland.
* November 16 – A year after being created by passage of the Federal Reserve Act of 1913, the Federal Reserve Bank of the United States officially opens for business.
* November 21 – In New Haven, Connecticut, the new Yale Bowl officially opens; Harvard defeats Yale 36–0 in the first American football game held here.
* November 23 –
Mexican Revolution
The Mexican Revolution ( es, Revolución Mexicana) was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from approximately 1910 to 1920. It has been called "the defining event of modern Mexican history". It resulted in the destruction ...
: The last of U.S. forces withdraw from
Veracruz
Veracruz (), formally Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave (), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave), is one of the 31 states which, along with Me ...
, occupied seven months earlier in response to the
Tampico Affair;
Venustiano Carranza
José Venustiano Carranza de la Garza (; 29 December 1859 – 21 May 1920) was a Mexican wealthy land owner and politician who was Governor of Coahuila when the constitutionally elected president Francisco I. Madero was overthrown in a February ...
's troops take over, and Carranza makes the town his headquarters.
* November 24 – Benito Mussolini is expelled from the Italian Socialist Party.
* November 28 –
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
: Following a war-induced closure in July, the
New York Stock Exchange
The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE, nicknamed "The Big Board") is an American stock exchange in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City. It is by far the world's largest stock exchange by market capitalization of its listed c ...
re-opens for bond (finance), bond trading.
December
* December 2 – Serbian Campaign (World War I): Austro-Hungarian forces occupy Belgrade, Serbia.
*December 5 – The
Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition began in an attempt to make the first land crossing of Antarctica.
* December 8 – World War I: Battle of the Falkland Islands: A superior British
Royal Navy
The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against F ...
squadron under Doveton Sturdee defeats ships of the
Imperial German Navy
The Imperial German Navy or the Imperial Navy () was the navy of the German Empire, which existed between 1871 and 1919. It grew out of the small Prussian Navy (from 1867 the North German Federal Navy), which was mainly for coast defence. Wilhel ...
under
Maximilian von Spee
Maximilian Johannes Maria Hubert Reichsgraf von Spee (22 June 1861 – 8 December 1914) was a naval officer of the German ''Kaiserliche Marine'' (Imperial Navy), who commanded the East Asia Squadron during World War I. Spee entered the navy in ...
.
* December 12 – The
New York Stock Exchange
The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE, nicknamed "The Big Board") is an American stock exchange in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City. It is by far the world's largest stock exchange by market capitalization of its listed c ...
re-opens, having been closed since
August 1, except for bond trading.
* December 15 – A gas explosion at the Hōjō Coal Mine Disaster, Mitsubishi Hōjō mine disaster, Kyūshū, Japan, kills 687 people (the worst coal mine disaster in Japanese history).
* December 16 – World War I: Raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby:
Imperial German Navy
The Imperial German Navy or the Imperial Navy () was the navy of the German Empire, which existed between 1871 and 1919. It grew out of the small Prussian Navy (from 1867 the North German Federal Navy), which was mainly for coast defence. Wilhel ...
battlecruisers attack British North Sea ports, resulting in 137 deaths.
* December 17 – United States President
Woodrow Wilson
Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856February 3, 1924) was an American politician and academic who served as the 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 1921. A member of the Democratic Party, Wilson served as the president of ...
signs the Harrison Narcotics Tax Act (initially introduced by Francis Burton Harrison). This begins the ongoing international War on drugs, War on Drugs.
* December 18 – Sultanate of Egypt, Egypt becomes a British protectorate.
* December 19
** Serbian Campaign (World War I): The Battle of Kolubara ends, resulting in a decisive
Serbian
Serbian may refer to:
* someone or something related to Serbia, a country in Southeastern Europe
* someone or something related to the Serbs, a South Slavic people
* Serbian language
* Serbian names
See also
*
*
* Old Serbian (disambiguat ...
victory over
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...
.
** Mohandas Gandhi leaves England, sailing for India on this date (accompanied by his wife Kasturba Gandhi, Kasturba). He begins to learn the Bengali language whilst on board.
* December 20 – Tokyo Station, officially opens, and changes from railway base station from Shinbashi Station in Japan.
* December 24 –
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
: An unofficial, temporary Christmas truce begins, between British and German soldiers on the
Western Front Western Front or West Front may refer to:
Military frontiers
*Western Front (World War I), a military frontier to the west of Germany
*Western Front (World War II), a military frontier to the west of Germany
*Western Front (Russian Empire), a majo ...
.
* December 25 – World War I: Cuxhaven Raid: British aircraft launched from warships attack the German port of Cuxhaven with submarine support, although little damage is caused.
Date unknown
* The capital of the Guangxi Province of China is moved from Guilin to Nanning.
* Oxymorphone, a powerful narcotic analgesic closely related to morphine, is first developed in Germany.
* The first everyday items made of stainless steel come into public circulation.
* The Port of Orange, Texas, is dredged for the fabrication of vessels for the
United States Navy
The United States Navy (USN) is the maritime service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. It is the largest and most powerful navy in the world, with the estimated tonnage ...
.
* Phi Sigma, a local undergraduate classical club, is founded by a group of students in the Greek Department at the University of Chicago.
* Fashion and perfumes company Puig (company), Puig is founded in Barcelona.
* Woodman's of Essex, the famous family-owned clam shack on Boston's North Shore, is opened.
Births
January
*
January 1
January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...
– Noor Inayat Khan (aka Nora Baker), World War II heroine (executed 1944)
* January 4 – Jean-Pierre Vernant, French historian and anthropologist (d. 2007)
* January 5 – George Reeves, American actor (''Superman'') (d. 1959)
* January 9 – Kenny Clarke, American jazz drummer and bandleader (d. 1985)
* January 10 – Yu Kuo-hwa, Chinese politician, 23rd Premier of the Republic of China (d. 2000)
* January 14
** Magda Fedor, Hungarian sports shooter (d. 2017)
** Harold Russell, Canadian actor (d. 2002)
* January 15 – Hugh Trevor-Roper, English historian (d. 2003)
* January 18 – Arno Schmidt, German author (d. 1979)
* January 26 – Princess Hadice Hayriye Ayshe Dürrühsehvar (d. 2006)
* January 30 – John Ireland (actor), John Ireland, Canadian-born actor (d. 1992)
* January 31 – Jersey Joe Walcott, American boxer (d. 1994)
February
* February 3
** Mary Carlisle, American actress, singer and dancer (d. 2018)
** George Nissen, American gymnast, inventor of the trampoline (d. 2010)
* February 4 – Alfred Andersch, German writer (d. 1980)
* February 5
** William S. Burroughs, American author (d. 1997)
** Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, British scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1998)
* February 6
** Silvius Magnago, Italian politician (d. 2010)
** Roza Papo, Yugoslav physician and general (d. 1984)
* February 10 – Larry Adler, American musician (d. 2001)
*
February 12
Events Pre-1600
*1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sophie performed the first post-mortem autopsy for the purposes of teaching and demonstration at the Heiligen–Geist Spital in Vienna.
*1429 – English forces under ...
– Lazar Koliševski, Yugoslav communist political leader (d. 2000)
* February 15 – Kevin McCarthy (actor), Kevin McCarthy, American actor (d. 2010)
*
February 17
Events Pre-1600
* 1370 – Northern Crusades: Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Teutonic Knights meet in the Battle of Rudau.
* 1411 – Following the successful campaigns during the Ottoman Interregnum, Musa Çelebi, one of the sons of ...
– Arthur Kennedy, American actor (d. 1990)
*February 18 – Mahmoud Zulfikar, Egyptian film director (d. 1970)
* February 19 – Jacques Dufilho, French comedian, actor (d. 2005)
* February 22 – Renato Dulbecco, Italian-born virologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2012)
* February 23 – Theofiel Middelkamp, Dutch cyclist (d. 2005)
*
February 26
Events Pre-1600
*747 BC – According to Ptolemy, the epoch (origin) of the Nabonassar Era began at noon on this date. Historians use this to establish the modern BC chronology for dating historic events.
* 364 – Valentinian I is p ...
– Robert Alda, American-born actor, father of actor Alan Alda (d. 1986)
March
* March 1 – Ralph Ellison, American writer (d. 1994)
* March 2
** Hansi Knoteck, Austrian actress (d. 2014)
** Martin Ritt, American director (d. 1990)
* March 3
** Julio Franco Arango, Colombian Roman Catholic bishop (d. 1980)
** Asger Jorn, Danish painter (d. 1973)
* March 4 – Ward Kimball, American cartoonist (d. 2002)
* March 6 – Kiril Kondrashin, Russian conductor (d. 1981)
* March 8 – Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich, Russian physicist (d. 1987)
* March 13 – Saroj Dutta, Indian communist leader (d. 1971)
* March 14 ;Founder FS Modise, Leader of IPHC
*
March 17 – Juan Carlos Onganía, 35th President of Argentina (d. 1995)
* March 19 – Jiang Qing, Chinese politician (d. 1991)
* March 21 – Paul Tortelier, French cellist and composer (d. 1990)
* March 23 – Wendell Smith (sportswriter), Wendell Smith, African American sportswriter (d. 1972)
* March 25 – Norman Borlaug, American agricultural scientist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 2009)
* March 26 – William Westmoreland, American Vietnam War general (d. 2005)
* March 28 – Edmund Muskie, American politician (d. 1996)
* March 30 – Sonny Boy Williamson I, American musician (d. 1948)
* March 31 – Octavio Paz, Mexican diplomat, writer, and Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)
April
* April 2
** Alec Guinness, English actor (d. 2000)
** Hans Wegner, Danish furniture designer (d. 2007)
* April 3 – Sam Manekshaw, Field Marshal of the Indian Army (d. 2008)
*
April 4
Events Pre-1600
* 503 BC – Roman consul Agrippa Menenius Lanatus celebrates a triumph for a military victory over the Sabines.
* 190 – Dong Zhuo has his troops evacuate the capital Luoyang and burn it to the ground.
* 611 – ...
** David W. Goodall, Australian botanist and ecologist (d. 2018)
** Marguerite Duras, French author, director (d. 1996)
* April 8 – María Félix, Mexican actress (d. April 8, 2002)
*
April 11
** Norman McLaren, Scots-born Canadian animator and director (d. 1987)
** Robert Stanfield, Premier of Nova Scotia (d. 2003)
* April 12
** Armen Alchian, American economist (d. 2013)
** Adriaan Blaauw, Dutch astronomer (d. 2010)
** Gretel Bergmann, German-Jewish athlete (d. 2017)
** Jan van Cauwelaert, Belgian bishop (d. 2016)
* April 13 – Orhan Veli, Turkish poet (d. 1950)
* April 18 – Claire Martin (writer), Claire Martin, Canadian author (d. 2014)
*
April 22
Events Pre-1600
* 1500 – Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral lands in Brazil.
* 1519 – Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés establishes a settlement at Veracruz, Mexico.
* 1529 – Treaty of Zaragoza divides the eastern ...
** Baldev Raj Chopra, Indian film director (d. 2008)
** Jan de Hartog, Dutch writer (d. 2002)
** Michael Wittmann, German tank commander (d. 1944)
* April 24 – Jan Karski, Polish World War II resistance movement fighter (d. 2000)
* April 25 – Marcos Pérez Jiménez, 51st President of Venezuela (d. 2001)
* April 26
** Bernard Malamud, American author (d. 1986)
** Lilian Rolfe, French-born World War II heroine (d. 1945)
* April 30 – Dorival Caymmi, Brazilian songwriter (d. 2008)
May
*
May 5 – Tyrone Power, American actor (d. 1958)
* May 7 – Ye Fei, Filipino-Chinese general and politician (d. 1999)
* May 8 – Romain Gary, Russian-born writer, diplomat (d. 1980)
*
May 9
Events Pre-1600
* 328 – Athanasius is elected Patriarch of Alexandria.
*1009 – Lombard Revolt: Lombard forces led by Melus revolt in Bari against the Byzantine Catepanate of Italy.
*1386 – England and Portugal formally rati ...
** Carlo Maria Giulini, conductor (d. 2005)
** Hank Snow, Canadian country musician (d. 1999)
* May 12 – Bertus Aafjes, Dutch poet (d. 1993)
* May 13 – Joe Louis, African-American boxer (d. 1981)
*
May 14
Events Pre-1600
* 1027 – Robert II of France names his son Henry I as junior King of the Franks.
*1097 – The Siege of Nicaea begins during the First Crusade.
* 1264 – Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured and forc ...
** Teodor Oizerman, Soviet and Russian philosopher and academician (d. 2017)
** Corneliu Coposu, Romanian politician (d. 1995)
** Hideko Maehata, Japanese swimmer (d. 1995)
* May 16 – Edward T. Hall, American anthropologist (d. 2009)
* May 18
** Georg von Tiesenhausen, German-American rocket scientist (d. 2018)
** Boris Christoff, Bulgarian opera singer (d. 1993)
** Pierre Balmain, French fashion designer (d. 1982)
* May 19
** Max Perutz, Austrian-born molecular biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (d. 2002)
** Alex Shibicky, Canadian hockey player (d. 2005)
* May 20 – Avraham Shapira, head of the Beth din, Rabbinical court of Jerusalem and the Supreme Rabbinic Court; rosh yeshiva of Mercaz HaRav (d. 2007)
* May 22
** Vance Packard, American social critic and author (d. 1996)
** Sun Ra, American musician (d. 1993)
* May 24
** Lilli Palmer, German actress (d. 1986)
** George Tabori, Hungarian writer and director (d. 2007)
* May 26 – Irmã Dulce Pontes, Brazilian Catholic Franciscan Sister (d. 1992)
* May 31 – Akira Ifukube, Japanese classical music, film composer (d. 2006)
June
* June 6 – Zhang Jingfu, Chinese politician (d. 2015)
* June 10 – Joseph DePietro, American weightlifter (d. 1999)
*
June 12
Events Pre-1600
* 910 – Battle of Augsburg: The Hungarians defeat the East Frankish army under King Louis the Child, using the famous feigned retreat tactic of the nomadic warriors.
* 1240 – At the instigation of Louis IX of Fr ...
– Go Seigen, Japanese Go player (d. 2014)
* June 14
**Gisèle Casadesus, French actress (d. 2017)
**Ruthven Todd, Scottish poet, artist, and novelist (d. 1978)
* June 15
** Yuri Andropov, Soviet leader (d. 1984)
** Saul Steinberg, Romanian-born American cartoonist (d. 1999)
*
June 18 – E. G. Marshall, American actor (d. 1998)
* June 20 – Muazzez İlmiye Çığ, Turkish archaeologist
* June 21 – William Vickrey, Canadian economist, Nobel Prize in Economics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1996)
* June 22 – Mei Zhi, Chinese children's author, essayist (d. 2004)
*
June 23
Events Pre-1600
* 229 – Sun Quan proclaims himself emperor of Eastern Wu.
* 1266 – War of Saint Sabas: In the Battle of Trapani, the Venetians defeat a larger Genoese fleet, capturing all its ships.
* 1280 – The Spanish Re ...
– Juán Landolfi, Argentine-Italian football player (d. unknown)
* June 25 – Luz Magsaysay, 7th First Lady of the Philippines (d. 2004)
* June 26
** Laurie Lee, English author (d. 1997)
** Sultan Ahmad Nanupuri, Bangladeshi Islamic scholar and teacher (d. 1997)
** Princess Sophie of Greece and Denmark (d. 2001)
* June 27 – Margaret Ekpo, Nigerian women's rights activist, social mobilizer and politician (d. 2006)
*
June 29
Events Pre-1600
* 226 – Cao Rui succeeds his father as emperor of the Kingdom of Wei.
*1149 – Raymond of Poitiers is defeated and killed at the Battle of Inab by Nur ad-Din Zangi.
* 1194 – Sverre is crowned King of Norway, ...
– Rafael Kubelík, Czech-born conductor (d. 1996)
*
June 30
Events Pre-1600
* 296 – Pope Marcellinus begins his papacy.
* 763 – The Byzantine Empire, Byzantine army of emperor Constantine V defeats the First Bulgarian Empire, Bulgarian forces in the Battle of Anchialus (763), Battle of Anc ...
– Francisco da Costa Gomes, 15th President of Portugal (d. 2001)
July
*
July 1
Events Pre-1600
* 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor.
* 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...
– Christl Cranz, German alpine skier (d. 2004)
*
July 2 – Erich Topp, German commander (d. 2005)
*
July 5 – Yitzhak Rafael, Israeli politician (d. 1999)
* July 6
** Otto Bumbel, Brazilian professional football manager (d. 1998)
** Vincent J. McMahon, American professional wrestling promoter (d. 1984)
* July 8
** Jyoti Basu, Indian politician (d. 2010)
** Billy Eckstine, American jazz musician and singer (d. 1993)
*
July 9
Events Pre-1600
*118 – Hadrian, who became emperor a year previously on Trajan's death, makes his entry into Rome.
* 381 – The end of the First Council of Christian bishops convened in Constantinople by the Roman Emperor Theodos ...
– Willi Stoph, Prime Minister (1964-1973, 1976-1989) and Chairman of the Council of State (1973-1976) of the GDR (d. 1999)
*
July 10
Events Pre-1600
* 138 – Emperor Hadrian of Rome dies of heart failure at his residence on the bay of Naples, Baiae; he is buried at Rome in the Tomb of Hadrian beside his late wife, Vibia Sabina.
* 645 – Isshi Incident: Prin ...
** Joe Shuster, Canadian-born comic book author (d. 1992)
** Rempo Urip, Indonesian director (d. 2001)
*
July 11
Events Pre-1600
* 472 – After being besieged in Rome by his own generals, Western Roman Emperor Anthemius is captured in St. Peter's Basilica and put to death.
* 813 – Byzantine emperor Michael I, under threat by conspiracies, abd ...
** Mohammad Al-Abbasi, Prime Minister of Jordan (d. 1972)
** Aníbal Troilo, Argentine tango musician (d. 1975)
*
July 13
** Cyril Stevenson, Bahamian politician and newspaper publisher (d. 2006)
** Trevor Berghan, New Zealand rugby union player (d. 1998)
*
July 15
** Birabongse Bhanudej, Siamese prince, racing driver and sailor, and pilot (d. 1985)
** Akhtar Hameed Khan, Indian-born pioneer of microcredit in developing countries (d. 1999)
** Howard Vernon, Swiss actor (d. 1996)
* July 16 – Herbert Nürnberg, German boxer (d. 1995)
* July 17 – Klári Tolnay, Hungarian actress (d. 1998)
*
July 18
Events Pre-1600
* 477 BC – Battle of the Cremera as part of the Roman–Etruscan Wars. Veii ambushes and defeats the Roman army.
* 387 BC – Roman- Gaulish Wars: Battle of the Allia: A Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, l ...
** Gino Bartali, Italian road cyclist (d. 2000)
** Jo Cals, Dutch politician and jurist, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1965–1966) (d. 1971)
*
July 19
Events Pre-1600
*AD 64 – The Great Fire of Rome causes widespread devastation and rages on for six days, destroying half of the city.
* 484 – Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned Eastern emperor at Tarsus (modern Turkey). He is re ...
** César Povolny, German-French association footballer (d. unknown)
** Hans Maršálek, Austrian typesetter, political activist, detective and historian (d. 2011)
** John Kenneth Macalister, Canadian World War II hero (d. 1944)
* July 20
** Dobri Dobrev, Bulgarian ascetic and philanthropist (d. 2018)
** Charilaos Florakis, Greek Communist leader (d. 2005)
** Ersilio Tonini, Italian Cardinal (d. 2013)
*
July 21
Events Pre-1600
* 356 BC – The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is destroyed by arson.
* 230 – Pope Pontian succeeds Urban I as the eighteenth pope. After being exiled to Sardinia, he became the ...
** Pan Jin-yu, (d. 2010)
** Suso Cecchi d'Amico, Italian screenwriter and actress (d. 2010)
* July 22 – Charles Régnier, German actor, director, radio actor and translator (d. 2001)
* July 24
** Frances Oldham Kelsey, American Food and Drug Administration reviewer (d. 2015)
** Ed Mirvish, Canadian businessman and philanthropist (d. 2007)
*
July 27 – Gusti Huber, Austrian actress (d. 1993)
* July 30 – Michael Morris, 3rd Baron Killanin, Irish president of the International Olympic Committee (d. 1999)
*
July 31
Events Pre-1600
*30 BC – Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian's forces, but most of his army subsequently deserts, leading to his suicide.
* 781 – The oldest recorded eruption of Mount Fuji (Tr ...
– Louis de Funès, French comedy actor (d. 1983)
August
*
August 2
Events Pre-1600
*338 BC – A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea, securing Macedonian hegemony in Greece and the Aegean.
*216 BC – The Carthaginian arm ...
– Beatrice Straight, American actress (d. 2001)
*
August 8 – Yabing Masalon Dulo, Filipino textile master weaver and dyer (d. 2021)
*
August 9
** Ferenc Fricsay, Hungarian conductor (d. 1963)
** Tove Jansson, Finnish author (d. 2001)
*
August 10 – Ken Annakin, British film director (d. 2009)
*
August 15 – Paul Rand, American graphic designer (d. 1996)
*
August 17 – Gabrielle Weidner, Belgian World War II heroine (d. 1945)
* August 19
** Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury, French politician, 95th Prime Minister of France (d. 1993)
** Margaret Morgan Lawrence, American psychiatrist and psychoanalyst (d. 2019)
*
August 26 – Julio Cortázar, Argentine writer (d. 1984)
* August 30 – Julie Bishop (actress), Julie Bishop, American actress (d. 2001)
September
*
September 1
Events Pre-1600
* 1145 – The main altar of Lund Cathedral, at the time seat of the archiepiscopal see of all the Nordic countries, is consecrated.
* 1173 – The widow Stamira sacrifices herself in order to raise the siege of Ancon ...
– Tsuneko Sasamoto, Japanese photographer (d. 2022)
*
September 5
** Sor Isolina Ferré, Puerto Rican Roman Catholic nun (d. 2000)
** Gail Kubik, American composer (d. 1984)
** Nicanor Parra, Chilean poet (d. 2018)
*
September 7
Events Pre-1600
* 70 – A Roman army under Titus occupies and plunders Jerusalem.
* 878 – Louis the Stammerer is crowned as king of West Francia by Pope John VIII.
*1159 – Pope Alexander III is chosen.
*1191 – Third Cru ...
– James Van Allen, American physicist (d. 2006)
*
September 10
** Terence O'Neill, 4th Prime Minister of Northern Ireland (d. 1990)
** Robert Wise, American film director and producer (d. 2005)
*
September 11 – Serbian Patriarch Pavle II, Serbian Patriarch Pavle, (d. 2009)
* September 12
** Desmond Llewelyn, Welsh actor (d. 1999)
** Janusz Żurakowski, Polish-born pilot (d. 2004)
*
September 14 – Clayton Moore, American actor (''The Lone Ranger'') (d. 1999)
*
September 15
Events Pre-1600
* 994 – Major Fatimid victory over the Byzantine Empire at the Battle of the Orontes.
*1440 – Gilles de Rais, one of the earliest known serial killers, is taken into custody upon an accusation brought against him by ...
** Creighton Abrams, U.S. Vietnam War general (d. 1974)
** Subandrio, Indonesian politician (d. 2004)
** Adolfo Bioy Casares, Argentine writer (d. 1999)
** Jens Otto Krag, Danish politician, 18th Prime Minister of Denmark (d. 1978)
*
September 17
Events Pre-1600
* 1111 – Highest Galician nobility led by Pedro Fróilaz de Traba and the bishop Diego Gelmírez crown Alfonso VII as "King of Galicia".
* 1176 – The Battle of Myriokephalon is the last attempt by the Byzantine Empi ...
– Lambert Mascarenhas, Indian journalist (d. 2021)
* September 18
** Jack Cardiff, British cinematographer, director, and photographer (d. 2009)
* September 20 – Kenneth More, English actor (d. 1982)
* September 23 – Omar Ali Saifuddien III, Sultan of Brunei (d. 1986)
* September 24 – John Kerr (governor-general), John Kerr, 18th Governor-General of Australia (d. 1991)
*
September 25
Events Pre-1600
* 275 – For the last time, the Roman Senate chooses an emperor; they elect 75-year-old Marcus Claudius Tacitus.
* 762 – Led by Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya, the Hasanid branch of the Alids begins the Alid Revolt a ...
– Elena Lucena, Argentine film actress (d. 2015)
*
September 26 – Jack LaLanne, American fitness, exercise and nutritional expert (d. 2011)
*
September 27 – Sophie Sooäär, Estonian actress and singer (d. 1996)
October
* October 1 – Daniel J. Boorstin, American historian, writer, and Librarian of Congress (d. 2004)
* October 6 – Thor Heyerdahl, Norwegian explorer (d. 2002)
* October 7 – Begum Akhtar, Indian singer (d. 1974)
*
October 9 – Guy Charmot, French resistance fighter and doctor (d. 2019)
* October 10 – Agostino Straulino, Italian sailor and sailboat racer (d. 2004)
*
October 14
Events Pre-1600
*1066 – The Norman conquest of England begins with the Battle of Hastings.
* 1322 – Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at the Battle of Old Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's i ...
– Raymond Davis Jr., American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2006)
* October 15 – Mohammed Zahir Shah, King of Afghanistan (d. 2007)
* October 17 – Jerry Siegel, American comic book author (d. 1996)
*
October 19 – Juanita Moore, African-American actress (d. 2014)
* October 20 – James C. Floyd, Canadian aerospace engineer
* October 21 – Martin Gardner, American writer (d. 2010)
* October 24 – František Čapek, Czechoslovakian canoeist (d. 2008)
* October 25 – John Berryman, American poet (d. 1972)
* October 26 – Jackie Coogan, American actor (d. 1984)
*
October 27
Events Pre-1600
* 312 – Constantine is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross.
* 1275 – Traditional founding of the city of Amsterdam.
* 1524 – French troops lay siege to Pavia.
* 1553 – Condemned as ...
– Dylan Thomas, Welsh poet and author (d. 1953)
*
October 28
Events Pre-1600
* 97 – Roman emperor Nerva is forced by the Praetorian Guard to adopt general Marcus Ulpius Trajanus as his heir and successor.
* 306 – Maxentius is proclaimed Roman emperor.
* 312 – Constantine I defeats ...
** Jonas Salk, American medical scientist (d. 1995)
** Richard Laurence Millington Synge, English chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1994)
* October 30 – Leabua Jonathan, 2nd Prime Minister of Lesotho (d. 1987)
November
*
November 1
Events Pre-1600
* 365 – The Alemanni cross the Rhine and invade Gaul. Emperor Valentinian I moves to Paris to command the army and defend the Gallic cities.
* 996 – Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk, Bishop of Freising, ...
– Moshe Teitelbaum (Satmar), Moshe Teitelbaum, Hassidic rabbi (d. 2006)
* November 2 – Ray Walston, American actor (d. 2001)
* November 8
** George Dantzig, Polish-born American mathematician (d. 2005)
** Norman Lloyd, American actor, producer, and director (d. 2021)
* November 9 – Hedy Lamarr, Austrian actress (d. 2000)
*
November 11
Events Pre-1600
* 308 – At Carnuntum, Emperor ''emeritus'' Diocletian confers with Galerius, ''Augustus'' of the East, and Maximianus, the recently returned former ''Augustus'' of the West, in an attempt to end the civil wars of the T ...
** Howard Fast, American novelist and television writer (d. 2003)
** Yue Yiqin, Chinese flying ace (d. 1937)
* November 13
** Alberto Lattuada, Italian film director (d. 2005)
** Amelia Bence, Argentine actress (d. 2016)
* November 18 – William Phillips (economist), William Phillips, New Zealand economist (d. 1974)
* November 21 – Abd al-Karim Qasim, Iraqi general, 24th Prime Minister of Iraq (d. 1963)
* November 25 – Joe DiMaggio, American baseball player (d. 1999)
December
* December 9 – Frances Reid, American actress (d. 2010)
* December 10 – Dorothy Lamour, American actress and singer (d. 1996)
* December 11 – Gabriel Chiramel, Indian priest, zoologist and author (d. 2017)
* December 12 – Patrick O'Brian, British novelist (d. 2000)
* December 13 – Larry Parks, American actor (d. 1975)
* December 14
**Karl Carstens, German president (d. 1992)
**Frane Milčinski, Frane Milčinski - Ježek, Slovene language, Slovene poet, Satire, satirist, comedian, actor, children's writer and director (d. 1988)
**Rosalyn Tureck, American pianist and harpsichordist (d. 2003),
* December 15 – Anatole Abragam, French physicist (d. 2011)
* December 21 – Frank Fenner, Australian virologist and microbiologist (d. 2010)
* December 24 – Zoya Bulgakova, Russian Soviet stage actress (d. 2017)
* December 26 – Richard Widmark, American actor (d. 2008)
* December 28 – Bidia Dandaron, Buddhist author and teacher in the USSR (d. 1974)
Date unknown
* Makhosini Dlamini, 1st Prime Minister of Swaziland (d. 1978)
Deaths
January
* January 8 – Simon Bolivar Buckner, American soldier and politician, 30th governor of Kentucky (b. 1823)
* January 10 – Leonie Aviat, French Roman Catholic religious sister and saint (b. 1844)
*
January 11
Events Pre-1600
* 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence.
* 630 – Conquest of Mecca: The prophet Muhamma ...
– Carl Jacobsen, Danish brewer and patron of the arts (b. 1842)
* January 15 – Camilo Garcia de Polavieja, Spanish general (b. 1838)
* January 16 – Itō Sukeyuki, Japanese admiral (b. 1843)
* January 17 – Fernand Foureau, French explorer (b. 1850)
* January 19
** Candelaria Figueredo, Cuban patriot (b. 1852)
** Georges Picquart, French general and politician (b. 1854)
* January 26 – Jose Gabriel del Rosario Brochero, Argentine Roman Catholic priest and saint (b. 1840)
February
* February 1 – Albert Günther, German-born British zoologist (b. 1830)
* February 4 – Per Pålsson, Swedish criminal (b. 1828)
*
February 13
Events Pre-1600
* 962 – Emperor Otto I and Pope John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome.
*1322 – The central tower of Ely Cathedral falls on the night of 12th–13th.
*1462 – The ...
– Alphonse Bertillon, French police officer and forensic scientist (b. 1853)
* February 20 – Federico Degetau, Puerto Rican politician (b. 1862)
* February 24 – Joshua Chamberlain, American Civil War general (b. 1828)
* February 25 – John Tenniel, Sir John Tenniel, English illustrator (b. 1820)
March
* March 1
** Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto, British aristocrat and politician, 2-time Governor-General of Canada (b. 1845)
** Carlos Felipe Morales, Dominican Roman Catholic priest, politician and military figure, 30th President of the Dominican Republic (b. 1867)
* March 9 – José Luciano de Castro, Portuguese politician, 3-time Prime Minister of Portugal (b. 1834)
* March 12 – George Westinghouse, American entrepreneur (b. 1846)
* March 13
** Hakeem Noor-ud-Din, Indian Muslim scholar (b. 1841)
** María Tubau, Spanish actress (b. 1854)
* March 16
**
Gaston Calmette, French journalist, editor of ''Le Figaro'' (b. 1858)
** Charles Albert Gobat, Swiss politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1843)
* March 18 – Andreas Beck (explorer), Andreas Beck, Norwegian explorer (b. 1864)
* March 19 – Giuseppe Mercalli, Italian volcanologist (b. 1850)
* March 22 – Allen Caperton Braxton, American lawyer (b. 1862)
* March 23 – Rafqa Pietra Choboq Ar-Rayès, Lebanese Maronite, Roman Catholic and Eastern Catholic nun and saint (b. 1832)
* March 25 – Frédéric Mistral, French writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1830)
* March 31 – Christian Morgenstern, German poet and writer (b. 1871)
April
* April 1 – Rube Waddell, American baseball player and MLB Hall of Famer (b. 1876)
* April 2 – Paul Heyse, German writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1830)
* April 7
** Mohammad Ayub Khan (Emir of Afghanistan), Mohammad Ayyub Khan, Emir of Afghanistan (b. 1855)
** Sui Sin Far, English-born writer (b. 1865)
*
April 11 – Elena Guerra, Italian Roman Catholic religious professed and blessed (b. 1835)
* April 15 – Count Frederick of Hohenau (b. 1857)
* April 16
** George William Hill, American astronomer and mathematician (b. 1838)
** Jacinta Parejo, Venezuelan public figure, First Lady of Venezuela (b. 1845)
* April 19
** Charles Sanders Peirce, American philosopher (b. 1839)
** Empress Shōken, empress-consort of the Emperor Meiji, Meiji Emperor (b. 1849)
* April 24 – Benedict Menni, Italian Roman Catholic priest and saint (b. 1841)
* April 25 – Géza Fejérváry, 16th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1833)
* April 26 – Eduard Suess, Austrian geologist (b. 1831)
* April 28 – Philippe Édouard Léon Van Tieghem, French botanist (b. 1839)
May
* May 2 – John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll, husband of Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll, Princess Louise of the United Kingdom (b. 1845)
* May 3 – Élisabeth Leseur, French Roman Catholic mystic and servant of God (b. 1866)
* May 8 – Seth Edulji Dinshaw, Indian Parsi philanthropist (b. 1842)
*
May 9
Events Pre-1600
* 328 – Athanasius is elected Patriarch of Alexandria.
*1009 – Lombard Revolt: Lombard forces led by Melus revolt in Bari against the Byzantine Catepanate of Italy.
*1386 – England and Portugal formally rati ...
– C. W. Post, American cereal manufacturer (b. 1854)
* May 10 – Lillian Nordica, American opera singer (b. 1857)
* May 12 – Eugenio Montero Ríos, 29th Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1832)
* May 15 – Ida Freund, Austrian-born British chemist and educator (b. 1863)
* May 23 – William O'Connell Bradley, American politician from Kentucky (b. 1847)
* May 26 – Jacob Riis, Danish-American social reformer (b. 1849)
* May 27 – Joseph Swan, Sir Joseph Swan, British scientist (b. 1828)
*
May 29 – Joseph Gérard, French Roman Catholic priest and blessed (b. 1831)
June
* June 10 – Abraam, Bishop of Faiyum, Abraam, Egyptian Coptic Orthodox bishop and saint (b. 1829)
* June 11 – Adolf Friedrich V, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (b. 1848)
* June 14 – Adlai Stevenson I, Adlai E. Stevenson I, List of Vice Presidents of the United States, 23rd Vice President of the United States (b. 1835)
* June 15 – John Robert Sitlington Sterrett, American classical scholar and archeologist (b. 1851)
* June 19 – Brandon Thomas (playwright), Brandon Thomas, British actor and playwright (''Charley's Aunt'') (b. 1848)
* June 21 – Bertha von Suttner, Austrian writer and pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1843)
* June 22 – Princess Phannarai, Thai princess consort (b. 1838)
* June 25 – Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen (b. 1826)
*
June 28
Events Pre-1600
* 1098 – Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul at the battle of Antioch.
* 1360 – Muhammed VI becomes the tenth Nasrid king of Granada after killing his brother-in-law Ismail II.
* 1461 – ...
**
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria
Archduke Franz Ferdinand Carl Ludwig Joseph Maria of Austria, (18 December 1863 – 28 June 1914) was the heir presumptive to the throne of Austria-Hungary. His assassination in Sarajevo was the most immediate cause of World War I.
F ...
(assassinated) (b. 1863)
** Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, wife of
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria
Archduke Franz Ferdinand Carl Ludwig Joseph Maria of Austria, (18 December 1863 – 28 June 1914) was the heir presumptive to the throne of Austria-Hungary. His assassination in Sarajevo was the most immediate cause of World War I.
F ...
(assassinated) (b. 1868)
July
*
July 2 – Joseph Chamberlain, British politician (b. 1836)
* July 6 - Georges Legagneux pioneer French aviator (b. 1882)
*
July 9
Events Pre-1600
*118 – Hadrian, who became emperor a year previously on Trajan's death, makes his entry into Rome.
* 381 – The end of the First Council of Christian bishops convened in Constantinople by the Roman Emperor Theodos ...
– Prince Gustav of Thurn and Taxis (1848–1914), Prince Gustav of Thurn and Taxis (b. 1848)
* July 12 – Horace Harmon Lurton, Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court (b. 1844)
* July 17 – Luis Uribe, Chilean naval hero (b. 1847)
*
July 21
Events Pre-1600
* 356 BC – The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is destroyed by arson.
* 230 – Pope Pontian succeeds Urban I as the eighteenth pope. After being exiled to Sardinia, he became the ...
– Karl von Czyhlarz, Czech-born Austrian jurist and politician (b. 1833)
*
July 23 – Vladimir Meshchersky, Russian journalist and novelist (b. 1839)
*
July 29 – Pietro Pace, Maltese Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1831)
*
July 31
Events Pre-1600
*30 BC – Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian's forces, but most of his army subsequently deserts, leading to his suicide.
* 781 – The oldest recorded eruption of Mount Fuji (Tr ...
– Jean Jaurès, French pacifist (assassinated) (b. 1859)
August
*
August 4 – Hubertine Auclert, French feminist (b. 1848)
*
August 6
Events Pre-1600
*1284 – The Republic of Pisa is defeated in the Battle of Meloria by the Republic of Genoa, thus losing its naval dominance in the Mediterranean.
* 1538 – Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada ...
** Maxim Sandovich, Russian Orthodox Church, Russian Orthodox priest, martyr and saint (b. 1888)
** Ellen Axson Wilson, First Lady of the United States (b. 1860)
*
August 8
**
Martin-Paul Samba
Martin-Paul Samba, born Mebenga m'Ebono (circa 1875 – 8 August 1914) was a Bulu military officer during the Imperial German colonial period of Cameroon. M'Ebono became a favourite of the German colonials during his upbringing in Kribi, a c ...
, Cameroonian rebel leader (executed)
** Rudolf Duala Manga Bell, Cameroonian resistance leader (executed)
*
August 9 – Roque Sáenz Peña, 16th President of Argentina (b. 1851)
*
August 12 – John Philip Holland, Irish developer of the submarine (b. 1840)
*
August 15 – Adolfo Carranza, Argentine lawyer (b. 1857)
*
August 20 –
Pope Pius X
Pope Pius X ( it, Pio X; born Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto; 2 June 1835 – 20 August 1914) was head of the Catholic Church from 4 August 1903 to his death in August 1914. Pius X is known for vigorously opposing modernist interpretations of C ...
(b. 1835)
*
August 23
** Prince Friedrich of Saxe-Meiningen (b. 1861)
** Robert Strange (bishop), Robert Strange, American Episcopal Church (United States), Episcopal bishop (b. 1857)
*
August 26 – Achille Pierre Deffontaines, French general (died of wounds received in action) (b. 1858)
* August 27 – Eugen Böhm von Bawerk, Austrian economist (b. 1851)
*
August 28
Events Pre-1600
* 475 – The Roman general Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his capital city, Ravenna.
* 489 – Theodoric, king of the Ostrogoths, defeats Odoacer at the Battle of Isonzo, forcing his way ...
– Leberecht Maass, German admiral (killed in action) (b. 1863)
* August 30 – Alexander Samsonov, Russian general (suicide) (b. 1859)
September
*
September 3
Events Pre-1600
*36 BC – In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompey, son of Pompey, thus ending Pompeian resistance to the Second Triumvirate.
* 301 – San Marino, one of the s ...
– Albéric Magnard, French composer (b. 1865)
*
September 5 – Charles Péguy, French poet, essayist and editor (b. 1873)
*
September 11
** Mircea Demetriade, Romanian poet, playwright and actor (b. 1861)
** Ismail Gasprinski, Crimean Tatar intellectual (b. 1851)
*
September 13 – Mostafa Fahmy Pasha, Egyptian politician, 7th Prime Minister of Egypt (b. 1840)
*
September 14 – Nicolás Zamora, Filipino Methodist minister and bishop (b. 1875)
*
September 15
Events Pre-1600
* 994 – Major Fatimid victory over the Byzantine Empire at the Battle of the Orontes.
*1440 – Gilles de Rais, one of the earliest known serial killers, is taken into custody upon an accusation brought against him by ...
–
Koos de la Rey
Jacobus Herculaas de la Rey (22 October 1847 – 15 September 1914), better known as Koos de la Rey, was a South African military officer who served as a Boer general during the Second Boer War. also had a political career and was one of the l ...
, Boer general (b. 1847)
* September 16 – C. X. Larrabee, American businessman (b. 1843)
*
September 22
Events Pre-1600
* 904 – The warlord Zhu Quanzhong kills Emperor Zhaozong, the penultimate emperor of the Tang dynasty, after seizing control of the imperial government.
* 1236 – The Samogitians defeat the Livonian Brothers of th ...
– Alain-Fournier, French writer (killed in action) (b. 1886)
*
September 26 – August Macke, German painter (killed in action) (b. 1887)
*
September 28
Events Pre-1600
*48 BC – Pompey disembarks at Pelusium upon arriving in Egypt, whereupon he is assassinated by order of King Ptolemy XIII.
* 235 – Pope Pontian resigns. He is exiled to the mines of Sardinia, along with Hippolytus ...
– Richard Warren Sears, American founder of Sears, Roebuck and Company (b. 1863)
October
* October 1 – Kitty Lange Kielland, Norwegian painter (b. 1843)
* October 10 – King Carol I of Romania (b. 1839)
* October 12 – Prince Oleg Konstantinovich of Russia (b. 1892)
*
October 16
** Victor Arnold (Austrian actor), Victor Arnold, Austrian actor (b. 1873)
** Antonino Paternò Castello, Marchese di San Giuliano, Italian diplomat (b. 1852)
* October 17
** Adolfo Saldias, Argentine historian, lawyer, politician, soldier and diplomat (b. 1849)
** Prince Wolrad of Waldeck and Pyrmont (b. 1892)
*
October 19 – Julio Argentino Roca, Argentine general and statesman, 2-Time President of Argentina (b. 1843)
* October 21 – Dimitrie Sturdza, 4-Time Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1833)
* October 23 – José Evaristo Uriburu, Argentine politician, 12th President of Argentina (b. 1831)
* October 24 – Yevgeniya Mravina, Russian soprano (b. 1864)
*
October 27
Events Pre-1600
* 312 – Constantine is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross.
* 1275 – Traditional founding of the city of Amsterdam.
* 1524 – French troops lay siege to Pavia.
* 1553 – Condemned as ...
– Prince Maurice of Battenberg (b. 1891)
*
October 28
Events Pre-1600
* 97 – Roman emperor Nerva is forced by the Praetorian Guard to adopt general Marcus Ulpius Trajanus as his heir and successor.
* 306 – Maxentius is proclaimed Roman emperor.
* 312 – Constantine I defeats ...
** Princess Adelgunde of Bavaria (b. 1823)
** Federico Peliti, Italian baker (b. 1844)
November
*
November 1
Events Pre-1600
* 365 – The Alemanni cross the Rhine and invade Gaul. Emperor Valentinian I moves to Paris to command the army and defend the Gallic cities.
* 996 – Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk, Bishop of Freising, ...
– Christopher Cradock, Sir Christopher Cradock, British admiral (killed in action) (b. 1862)
* November 3 – Georg Trakl, Austrian poet (suicide) (b. 1887)
*
November 5
Events Pre-1600
* 1138 – Lý Anh Tông is enthroned as emperor of Vietnam at the age of two, beginning a 37-year reign.
* 1499 – The '' Catholicon'', written in 1464 by Jehan Lagadeuc in Tréguier, is published; this is the first Br ...
– August Weismann, German evolutionary biologist (b. 1834)
* November 9 – Princess Therese of Saxe-Altenburg (b. 1836)
* November 14 – Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts, British field marshal (b. 1832)
* November 17 – Sattar Khan, Iranian constitutional reformer and national hero (b. 1866)
* November 21 – Thaddeus C. Pound, American businessman and politician (b. 1832)
* November 28 – Johann Wilhelm Hittorf, German physicist (b. 1824)
December
* December 1 – Alfred Thayer Mahan, United States Navy admiral, geostrategist and historian (b. 1840)
* December 8 –
Maximilian von Spee
Maximilian Johannes Maria Hubert Reichsgraf von Spee (22 June 1861 – 8 December 1914) was a naval officer of the German ''Kaiserliche Marine'' (Imperial Navy), who commanded the East Asia Squadron during World War I. Spee entered the navy in ...
, German admiral (killed in action) (b. 1861)
* December 14 – Giovanni Sgambati, Italian pianist and composer (b. 1841)
* December 16 – Ivan Zajc, Croatian composer (b. 1832)
* December 24 – John Muir, American naturalist (b. 1838)
Date unknown
* Jehandad Khan, Afghan emir (executed)
* Watchmaker Glycine Watch SA is founded by Eugène Meylan in Switzerland.
Nobel Prizes
* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – Max von Laue
* Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Theodore William Richards
* Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Medicine – Róbert Bárány
* Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – not awarded
* Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – not awarded
References
Primary sources and year books
''New International Year Book 1914'' Comprehensive coverage of world and national affairs, 913pp
Further reading
* Beatty, Jack. ''The Lost History of 1914: Reconsidering the Year the Great War Began'' (1912
excerpt argues the war was not inevitable
* Gilbert, Martin. ''A History of the Twentieth Century: Volume 1 1900-1933'' (1997); global coverage of politics, diplomacy and warfare; pp 297–349; emphasis on World War I
External links
European newspapers from 1914
{{Authority control
1914,