Events
January–March
*
January 1
January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...
– The
Midland Railway
The Midland Railway (MR) was a railway company in the United Kingdom from 1844. The Midland was one of the largest railway companies in Britain in the early 20th century, and the largest employer in Derby, where it had its headquarters. It ama ...
of England abolishes the Second Class passenger category, leaving First Class and Third Class. Other British railway companies follow Midland's lead during the rest of the year (Third Class is renamed Second Class in
1956
Events
January
* January 1 – The Anglo-Egyptian Condominium ends in Sudan.
* January 8 – Operation Auca: Five U.S. evangelical Christian missionaries, Nate Saint, Roger Youderian, Ed McCully, Jim Elliot and Pete Fleming, ar ...
).
*
January 5
Events Pre-1600
*1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France.
1601–1900
* 1675 – Battle of Colmar: The French a ...
– The
Palais Garnier, one of the most famous opera houses in the world, is inaugurated in Paris.
*
January 12
Events Pre-1600
* 475 – Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus gains control of the empire.
* 1528 – Gustav I of Sweden is crowned King of Sweden, having already rei ...
–
Guangxu becomes the 11th
Qing Dynasty
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-spea ...
Emperor of China
''Huangdi'' (), translated into English as Emperor, was the superlative title held by monarchs of China who ruled various imperial regimes in Chinese history. In traditional Chinese political theory, the emperor was considered the Son of Heav ...
at the age of 3, in succession to his cousin.
*
January 14 – The newly proclaimed King
Alfonso XII of Spain
Alfonso XII (Alfonso Francisco de Asís Fernando Pío Juan María de la Concepción Gregorio Pelayo; 28 November 185725 November 1885), also known as El Pacificador or the Peacemaker, was King of Spain from 29 December 1874 to his death in 188 ...
(Queen Isabella II's son) arrives in Spain to restore the monarchy during the
Third Carlist War
The Third Carlist War ( es, Tercera Guerra Carlista) (1872–1876) was the last Carlist War in Spain. It is sometimes referred to as the "Second Carlist War", as the earlier "Second" War (1847–1849) was smaller in scale and relatively trivial ...
.
*
February 3 –
Third Carlist War
The Third Carlist War ( es, Tercera Guerra Carlista) (1872–1876) was the last Carlist War in Spain. It is sometimes referred to as the "Second Carlist War", as the earlier "Second" War (1847–1849) was smaller in scale and relatively trivial ...
– Battle of Lácar: Carlist commander
Torcuato Mendíri secures a brilliant victory, when he surprises and routs a Government force under General Enrique Bargés at Lácar, east of Estella, nearly capturing newly crowned King Alfonso XII. The Carlists take several pieces of artillery, more than 2,000 rifles, and 300 prisoners. 800 men of both sides are killed (mostly government troops).
*
February 18
Events Pre-1600
* 1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Bethlehem with neither military engagements nor support from the papacy.
*1268 & ...
– The
Mason County War
The Mason County War, sometimes called the Hoodoo War in reference to masked members of a vigilance committee,Sonnichsen, C.L., 1957, 10 Texas Feuds, University of New Mexico Press, was a period of lawlessness ignited by a "tidal wave of rustlin ...
begins, as a German-American mob breaks into a prison, and lynches cattle rustlers in central
Texas
Texas (, ; Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2020, it is the second-largest U.S. state by ...
.
*
February 24 – The sinks off Australia's east coast with the loss of approximately 102 lives, including a number of high-profile civil servants and dignitaries.
*
February 25 – The majority of the
Yavapai
The Yavapai are a Native American tribe in Arizona. Historically, the Yavapai – literally “people of the sun” (from ''Enyaava'' “sun” + ''Paay'' “people”) – were divided into four geographical bands who identified as separate, i ...
(Wipukyipai) and
Tonto Apache
The Tonto Apache (Dilzhę́’é, also Dilzhe'e, Dilzhe’eh Apache) is one of the groups of Western Apache people and a federally recognized tribe, the Tonto Apache Tribe of Arizona. The term is also used for their dialect, one of the three d ...
(Dil Zhéé) tribes are forced by the
United States Cavalry
The United States Cavalry, or U.S. Cavalry, was the designation of the mounted force of the United States Army by an act of Congress on 3 August 1861.Price (1883) p. 103, 104 This act converted the U.S. Army's two regiments of dragoons, one ...
, under command of Brigadier General
George Crook, to walk at gunpoint from
Arizona
Arizona ( ; nv, Hoozdo Hahoodzo ; ood, Alĭ ṣonak ) is a state in the Southwestern United States. It is the 6th largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona is part of the Fou ...
's
Verde Valley
The Verde Valley ( yuf-x-yav, Matkʼamvaha; es, Valle Verde) is a valley in central Arizona in the United States. The Verde River runs through it. The Verde River is one of Arizona's last free-flowing river systems. It provides crucial habita ...
, to the
San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation, 180 miles to the southeast. The two tribes are not allowed to return to the Verde Valley until
1900
As of March 1 ( O.S. February 17), when the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 13 days until February 28 ( O.S. February 15), 2 ...
.
*
February 27 –
Newton Booth, 11th
Governor of California, resigns, having been elected
Senator.
Lieutenant Governor of California Romualdo Pacheco
José Antonio Romualdo Pacheco (October 31, 1831January 23, 1899) was a Californio statesman and diplomat. A Republican, he is best known as the only Hispanic person to serve as Governor of California since the American Conquest of California, ...
becomes acting Governor. He is later replaced by elected governor
William Irwin.
*
March 1
Events Pre-1600
*509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia.
* 293 – Emperor Diocletian ...
– The
United States Congress
The United States Congress is the legislature of the federal government of the United States. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, and an upper body, the Senate. It meets in the U.S. Capitol in Washing ...
passes the
Civil Rights Act, which prohibits racial discrimination in public accommodations and jury duty.
*
March 3
Events Pre-1600
* 473 – Gundobad (nephew of Ricimer) nominates Glycerius as emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
* 724 – Empress Genshō abdicates the throne in favor of her nephew Shōmu who becomes emperor of Japan.
* 1575 & ...
**
Bizet
Georges Bizet (; 25 October 18383 June 1875) was a French composer of the Romantic era. Best known for his operas in a career cut short by his early death, Bizet achieved few successes before his final work, '' Carmen'', which has become o ...
’s ''
Carmen'' is first performed at the
Opéra-Comique,
Paris
Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), ma ...
,
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...
.
** The
first indoor ice hockey game
On , the first recorded indoor ice hockey game took place at the Victoria Skating Rink in Montreal, Quebec.McKinley, p. 7 Organized by James Creighton, who captained one of the teams, the game was between two nine-member teams, using a rubber " ...
is played at the
Victoria Skating Rink
The Victoria Skating Rink was an indoor ice skating rink located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Opened in 1862, it was described at the start of the twentieth century to be "one of the finest covered rinks in the world". The building was used dur ...
in
Montreal
Montreal ( ; officially Montréal, ) is the second-most populous city in Canada and most populous city in the Canadian province of Quebec. Founded in 1642 as '' Ville-Marie'', or "City of Mary", it is named after Mount Royal, the triple ...
, Quebec, Canada.
*
March 15
Events Pre-1600
*474 BC – Roman consul Aulus Manlius Vulso celebrates an ovation for concluding the war against Veii and securing a forty years' truce.
* 44 BC – The assassination of Julius Caesar takes place.
* 493 – Odo ...
–
Roman Catholic Archbishop of New York John McCloskey
John McCloskey (March 10, 1810 – October 10, 1885) was a senior-ranking American prelate of the Catholic Church. He was the first American born Archbishop of New York from 1864 until his death in 1885, having previously served as Bishop o ...
is named the first
cardinal in the United States.
April–June
* April – '
Albert's swarm' of
Rocky Mountain locusts begins to devastate the
western United States
The Western United States (also called the American West, the Far West, and the West) is the region comprising the westernmost states of the United States. As American settlement in the U.S. expanded westward, the meaning of the term ''the We ...
.
*
April 10
Events Pre-1600
* 428 – Nestorius becomes the Patriarch of Constantinople.
* 837 – Halley's Comet makes its closest approach to Earth at a distance equal to 0.0342 AU (5.1 million kilometres/3.2 million miles).
* 140 ...
– The
Arya Samaj is founded in Mumbai by Swami
Dayananda Saraswati.
*
April 25
Events Pre-1600
*404 BC – Admiral Lysander and King Pausanias of Sparta blockade Athens and bring the Peloponnesian War to a successful conclusion.
* 775 – The Battle of Bagrevand puts an end to an Armenian rebellion against the ...
– Ten
sophomores from
Rutgers College
Rutgers University (; RU), officially Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, is a public land-grant research university consisting of four campuses in New Jersey. Chartered in 1766, Rutgers was originally called Queen's College, and was ...
(modern-day Rutgers University) steal a one-ton cannon from the campus of the
College of New Jersey (modern-day Princeton University), and start the
Rutgers–Princeton Cannon War.
*
May 7
Events Pre-1600
* 351 – The Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus breaks out after his arrival at Antioch.
* 558 – In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses, twenty years after its construction. Justinian I imm ...
– The
Treaty of Saint Petersburg is signed between Japan and Russia.
*
May 7
Events Pre-1600
* 351 – The Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus breaks out after his arrival at Antioch.
* 558 – In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses, twenty years after its construction. Justinian I imm ...
– German liner wrecks on the rocks off the
Isles of Scilly, with the loss of 335 lives.
*
May 17
Events Pre-1600
*1395 – Battle of Rovine: The Wallachians defeat an invading Ottoman army.
*1521 – Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for treason.
* 1527 – Pánfilo de Narváez departs Spain to explore Flo ...
–
Aristides
Aristides ( ; grc-gre, Ἀριστείδης, Aristeídēs, ; 530–468 BC) was an ancient Athenian statesman. Nicknamed "the Just" (δίκαιος, ''dikaios''), he flourished in the early quarter of Athens' Classical period and is remembe ...
wins the first
Kentucky Derby.
*
May 20
Events Pre-1600
* 325 – The First Council of Nicaea is formally opened, starting the first ecumenical council of the Christian Church.
* 491 – Empress Ariadne marries Anastasius I. The widowed '' Augusta'' is able to choose her ...
– The
Metre Convention
The Metre Convention (french: link=no, Convention du Mètre), also known as the Treaty of the Metre, is an international treaty that was signed in Paris on 20 May 1875 by representatives of 17 nations (Argentina, Austria-Hungary, Belgium, Brazi ...
is signed in Paris, France.
* June – The record-setting American
clipper ''
Flying Cloud'' of
1851 is burned for scrap metal.
*
June 4
Events Pre-1600
*1411 – King Charles VI granted a monopoly for the ripening of Roquefort cheese to the people of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon as they had been doing for centuries.
* 1561 – The steeple of St Paul's, the medieval cathedr ...
– Two American colleges play each other in arguably the first game of
college football:
Tufts University
Tufts University is a private research university on the border of Medford and Somerville, Massachusetts. It was founded in 1852 as Tufts College by Christian universalists who sought to provide a nonsectarian institution of higher learning. ...
and
Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of high ...
at
Jarvis Field
The Harvard Crimson baseball team is the varsity College baseball, intercollegiate baseball team of Harvard University, located in Boston, Boston, Massachusetts. The program has been a member of the Ivy League since the conference officially beg ...
in
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Cambridge ( ) is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. As part of the Boston metropolitan area, the cities population of the 2020 U.S. census was 118,403, making it the fourth most populous city in the state, behind Boston ...
.
*
June 18
Events Pre-1600
* 618 – Li Yuan becomes Emperor Gaozu of Tang, initiating three centuries of Tang dynasty rule over China.
* 656 – Ali becomes Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate.
* 860 – Byzantine–Rus' War: A fleet of about ...
– The
Dublin whiskey fire leaves 13 people dead and causes more than €6 million worth of damage.
July–September
*
Summer –
Third Carlist War
The Third Carlist War ( es, Tercera Guerra Carlista) (1872–1876) was the last Carlist War in Spain. It is sometimes referred to as the "Second Carlist War", as the earlier "Second" War (1847–1849) was smaller in scale and relatively trivial ...
in Spain: Two government armies under General Quesada and Martínez Campos start encroaching on Carlist territory. Both they and their Carlist opponent (Mendiri) drive opposing sympathisers from their homes, and burn crops in areas they can not hold. Several Carlist generals (Dorregaray, Savalls, and others) are unjustly put on trial for disloyalty. Mendiri is also removed from his command, and replaced by the Count of Caserta. Despite having 48 infantry battalions, 3 cavalry regiments, 2 engineer battalions, and 100 pieces of artillery at his disposal, Caserta is heavily outnumbered by the government forces opposing him.
*
July 1 – The
General Postal Union
The Universal Postal Union (UPU, french: link=no, Union postale universelle), established by the Treaty of Bern of 1874, is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that coordinates postal policies among member nations, in addition to ...
is established.
*
July 1–
7 –
Third Carlist War
The Third Carlist War ( es, Tercera Guerra Carlista) (1872–1876) was the last Carlist War in Spain. It is sometimes referred to as the "Second Carlist War", as the earlier "Second" War (1847–1849) was smaller in scale and relatively trivial ...
– Battle of Treviño: Advancing on the key city of Vitoria, in Navarre, Spanish Republican commander General Jenardo de Quesada sends General Tello to attack the Carlist lines just to the southwest, at Treviño. The newly appointed Carlist commander General José Pérula is heavily defeated and withdraws, and soon afterwards Quesada enters Vitoria in triumph.
*
July 28
Events Pre-1600
*1364 – Troops of the Republic of Pisa and the Republic of Florence clash in the Battle of Cascina.
*1540 – Henry VIII of England marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, on the same day his former Chancellor, Thom ...
–
Joe Borden
Joseph Emley Borden, aka ''Joe Josephs'', (May 9, 1854 – October 14, 1929), nicknamed "Josephus the Phenomenal", was a starting pitcher in professional baseball for two seasons. Born in the Jacobstown section of North Hanover Towns ...
throws the first
no-hitter in baseball history versus
Mike Golden and the
Chicago White Stockings in his third start as a replacement for
Cherokee Fisher as a member of the
Philadelphia White Stockings
*
August 6 –
Hibernian F.C. is founded by Irishmen, in the
Cowgate
The Cowgate ( Scots: The Cougait) is a street in Edinburgh, Scotland, located about southeast of Edinburgh Castle, within the city's World Heritage Site. The street is part of the lower level of Edinburgh's Old Town, which lies below the ele ...
area of
Edinburgh
Edinburgh ( ; gd, Dùn Èideann ) is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 council areas. Historically part of the county of Midlothian (interchangeably Edinburghshire before 1921), it is located in Lothian on the southern shore of t ...
, Scotland.
*
August 25
Events Pre-1600
* 19 – The Roman general Germanicus dies near Antioch. He was convinced that the mysterious illness that ended in his death was a result of poisoning by the Syrian governor Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso, whom he had ordered to ...
– Captain
Matthew Webb becomes the first person to swim the
English Channel
The English Channel, "The Sleeve"; nrf, la Maunche, "The Sleeve" (Cotentinais) or ( Jèrriais), (Guernésiais), "The Channel"; br, Mor Breizh, "Sea of Brittany"; cy, Môr Udd, "Lord's Sea"; kw, Mor Bretannek, "British Sea"; nl, Het Kana ...
.
*
September 1
Events Pre-1600
*1145 – The main altar of Lund Cathedral, at the time seat of the archiepiscopal see of all the Nordic countries, is consecrated.
*1173 – The widow Stamira sacrifices herself in order to raise the siege of Ancona b ...
– A murder conviction begins to break the power of the violent
Irish-American
, image = Irish ancestry in the USA 2018; Where Irish eyes are Smiling.png
, image_caption = Irish Americans, % of population by state
, caption = Notable Irish Americans
, population =
36,115,472 (10.9%) alone ...
anti-owner coal miners, the "
Molly Maguires
The Molly Maguires were an Irish 19th-century secret society active in Ireland, Liverpool and parts of the Eastern United States, best known for their activism among Irish-American and Irish immigrant coal miners in Pennsylvania. After a seri ...
".
*
September 7
Events Pre-1600
* 70 – A Roman army under Titus occupies and plunders Jerusalem.
* 878 – Louis the Stammerer is crowned as king of West Francia by Pope John VIII.
*1159 – Pope Alexander III is chosen.
*1191 – Third Cr ...
– Battle of Agurdat: An
Egypt
Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Medit ...
ian invasion of
Ethiopia
Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the ...
fails, when Emperor
Yohannes IV
''girmāwī''His Imperial Majesty, spoken= am , ጃንሆይ ''djānhoi''Your Imperial Majesty(lit. "O steemedroyal"), alternative= am , ጌቶቹ ''getochu''Our Lord (familiar)(lit. "Our master" (pl.)) yohanes
Yohannes IV (Tigrinya: ዮሓ ...
defeats an army led by
Werner Munzinger.
*
September 11
Events Pre-1600
* 9 – The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends: The Roman Empire suffers the greatest defeat of its history and the Rhine is established as the border between the Empire and the so-called barbarians for the next four hu ...
– Egypt
adopts the Gregorian calendar, having previously used the
Alexandrian calendar.
*
September
September is the ninth month of the year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars, the third of four months to have a length of 30 days, and the fourth of five months to have a length of fewer than 31 days. September in the Northern H ...
– English
Association football
Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players who primarily use their feet to propel the ball around a rectangular field called a pitch. The objective of the game is ...
team
Birmingham City F.C. is founded as
Small Heath
Small Heath is an area in south-east Birmingham, West Midlands, England situated on and around the Coventry Road about from the city centre.
History
Small Heath, which has been settled and used since Roman times, sits on top of a small hill. ...
Alliance in
Birmingham
Birmingham ( ) is a City status in the United Kingdom, city and metropolitan borough in the metropolitan county of West Midlands (county), West Midlands in England. It is the second-largest city in the United Kingdom with a population of 1. ...
by a group of
cricket
Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field at the centre of which is a pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps. The batting side scores runs by str ...
ers from
Holy Trinity Church, Bordesley, playing its first match in November.
October–December
*
October
October is the tenth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and the sixth of seven months to have a length of 31 days. The eighth month in the old calendar of Romulus , October retained its name (from Latin and Greek ''ôc ...
– The
Ottoman state declares partial
bankruptcy, and places its finances in the hands of European creditors.
*
October 15 – Chief Lone Horn of the
Minneconjou
The Miniconjou (Lakota language, Lakota: Mnikowoju, Hokwoju – ‘Plants by the Water’) are a Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Native American people constituting a subdivision of the Lakota people, who formerly inhabited an area in west ...
dies at the
Cheyenne River
The Cheyenne River ( lkt, Wakpá Wašté; "Good River"), also written ''Chyone'', referring to the Cheyenne people who once lived there, is a tributary of the Missouri River in the U.S. states of Wyoming and South Dakota. It is approximately 2 ...
, leaving his son
Big Foot as the new chief.
*
October 16
Events Pre-1600
* 456 – Ricimer defeats Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the Western Roman Empire.
* 690 – Empress Wu Zetian ascends to the throne of the Tang dynasty and proclaims herself ruler of the Chinese Empire.
* ...
–
Brigham Young University
Brigham Young University (BYU, sometimes referred to colloquially as The Y) is a private research university in Provo, Utah. It was founded in 1875 by religious leader Brigham Young and is sponsored by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-d ...
is founded in
Provo, Utah.
*
October 25
Events Pre-1600
* 285 (or 286) – Execution of Saints Crispin and Crispinian during the reign of Diocletian, now the patron saints of leather workers, curriers, and shoemakers.
* 473 – Emperor Leo I acclaims his grandson Leo II a ...
– The first performance of the
Piano Concerto No. 1 by
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky , group=n ( ; 7 May 1840 – 6 November 1893) was a Russian composer of the Romantic period. He was the first Russian composer whose music would make a lasting impression internationally. He wrote some of the most pop ...
is given in
Boston
Boston (), officially the City of Boston, is the state capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as well as the cultural and financial center of the New England region of the United States. It is the 24th- mo ...
,
Massachusetts
Massachusetts (Massachusett: ''Muhsachuweesut Massachusett_writing_systems.html" ;"title="nowiki/> məhswatʃəwiːsət.html" ;"title="Massachusett writing systems">məhswatʃəwiːsət">Massachusett writing systems">məhswatʃəwiːsət'' En ...
, with
Hans von Bülow
Freiherr Hans Guido von Bülow (8 January 1830 – 12 February 1894) was a German conductor, virtuoso pianist, and composer of the Romantic era. As one of the most distinguished conductors of the 19th century, his activity was critical for es ...
as soloist.
*
October 30
Events Pre-1600
* 637 – Arab–Byzantine wars: Antioch surrenders to the Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of the Iron Bridge.
* 758 – Guangzhou is sacked by Arab and Persian pirates.
*1137 – Ranulf of Apulia defeats Ro ...
– The
Theosophical Society
The Theosophical Society, founded in 1875, is a worldwide body with the aim to advance the ideas of Theosophy in continuation of previous Theosophists, especially the Greek and Alexandrian Neo-Platonic philosophers dating back to 3rd century CE ...
is founded in New York by
Helena Blavatsky
Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, uk, Олена Петрівна Блаватська, Olena Petrivna Blavatska (; – 8 May 1891), often known as Madame Blavatsky, was a Russian mystic and author who co-founded the Theosophical Society in 187 ...
, H. S. Olcott, W. Q. Judge, and others.
*
November 5
Events Pre-1600
*1138 – Lý Anh Tông is enthroned as emperor of Vietnam at the age of two, beginning a 37-year reign.
*1499 – The '' Catholicon'', written in 1464 by Jehan Lagadeuc in Tréguier, is published; this is the first Bre ...
–
Blackburn Rovers F.C.
Blackburn Rovers Football Club is a professional football club, based in Blackburn, Lancashire, England, which competes in the , the second tier of the English football league system. They have played home matches at Ewood Park since 1890. ...
is founded by two old-boys of
Shrewsbury School
Shrewsbury School is a public school (English independent boarding school for pupils aged 13 –18) in Shrewsbury.
Founded in 1552 by Edward VI by Royal Charter, it was originally a boarding school for boys; girls have been admitted into ...
following a meeting at the Leger Hotel,
Blackburn
Blackburn () is an industrial town and the administrative centre of the Blackburn with Darwen borough in Lancashire, England. The town is north of the West Pennine Moors on the southern edge of the Ribble Valley, east of Preston and north-n ...
.
*
November 9 –
American Indian Wars
The American Indian Wars, also known as the American Frontier Wars, and the Indian Wars, were fought by European governments and colonists in North America, and later by the United States and Canadian governments and American and Canadian settle ...
: In Washington, D.C., Indian Inspector E.C. Watkins issues a report stating that hundreds of
Sioux and
Cheyenne
The Cheyenne ( ) are an Indigenous people of the Great Plains. Their Cheyenne language belongs to the Algonquian language family. Today, the Cheyenne people are split into two federally recognized nations: the Southern Cheyenne, who are enr ...
associated with
Sitting Bull and
Crazy Horse are hostile to the United States (the
Battle of the Little Bighorn
The Battle of the Little Bighorn, known to the Lakota and other Plains Indians as the Battle of the Greasy Grass, and also commonly referred to as Custer's Last Stand, was an armed engagement between combined forces of the Lakota Sioux, Nor ...
is fought in
Montana
Montana () is a state in the Mountain West division of the Western United States. It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North Dakota and South Dakota to the east, Wyoming to the south, and the Canadian provinces of Alberta, British Columb ...
the next year).
*
November 16
Events Pre-1600
* 951 – Emperor Li Jing sends a Southern Tang expeditionary force of 10,000 men under Bian Hao to conquer Chu. Li Jing removes the ruling family to his own capital in Nanjing, ending the Chu Kingdom.
*1272 – Whi ...
– Battle of Gundat:
Ethiopia
Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the ...
n Emperor
Yohannes IV
''girmāwī''His Imperial Majesty, spoken= am , ጃንሆይ ''djānhoi''Your Imperial Majesty(lit. "O steemedroyal"), alternative= am , ጌቶቹ ''getochu''Our Lord (familiar)(lit. "Our master" (pl.)) yohanes
Yohannes IV (Tigrinya: ዮሓ ...
defeats another
Egypt
Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Medit ...
ian army.
*
November 26
Events Pre-1600
* 783 – The Asturian queen Adosinda is held at a monastery to prevent her king from retaking the throne from Mauregatus.
* 1161 – Battle of Caishi: A Song dynasty fleet fights a naval engagement with Jin dynast ...
– ''
The Times
''The Times'' is a British daily national newspaper based in London. It began in 1785 under the title ''The Daily Universal Register'', adopting its current name on 1 January 1788. ''The Times'' and its sister paper '' The Sunday Times'' (f ...
'' newspaper in London reveals that
Isma'il Pasha
Isma'il Pasha ( ar, إسماعيل باشا ; 12 January 1830 – 2 March 1895), was the Khedive of Egypt and conqueror of Sudan from 1863 to 1879, when he was removed at the behest of Great Britain. Sharing the ambitious outlook of his gran ...
has sold
Egypt
Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Medit ...
's 44% share in the
Suez Canal to Britain, in a deal secured by
Benjamin Disraeli, without the prior sanction of the British Parliament.
*
November 29
Events Pre-1600
* 561 – Following the death of King Chlothar I at Compiègne, his four sons, Charibert I, Guntram, Sigebert I and Chilperic I, divide the Frankish Kingdom.
* 618 – The Tang dynasty scores a decisive victory over t ...
– :ja:同志社英語学校, Dōshisha English School, predecessor of Dōshisha University, is founded in Kyōto, Japan.
* December 4 – Notorious New York City politician Boss Tweed escapes from prison and flees to Spain.
* December 5–December 6, 6 – German emigrant ship SS Deutschland (1866), SS ''Deutschland'' runs aground in the
English Channel
The English Channel, "The Sleeve"; nrf, la Maunche, "The Sleeve" (Cotentinais) or ( Jèrriais), (Guernésiais), "The Channel"; br, Mor Breizh, "Sea of Brittany"; cy, Môr Udd, "Lord's Sea"; kw, Mor Bretannek, "British Sea"; nl, Het Kana ...
, resulting in the death of 157 passengers and crew.
* December 9 – The Massachusetts Rifle Association, America's Oldest Active Gun Club, is formed.
* December 20 – The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, ICRM is renamed the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).
* December 25 – The first Edinburgh derby in
Association football
Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players who primarily use their feet to propel the ball around a rectangular field called a pitch. The objective of the game is ...
is played: Heart of Midlothian F.C. wins 1–0 against
Hibernian F.C.
Date unknown
* Widespread nationalist rebellion in the Ottoman Empire results in Turkish repression, Russian intervention and Great Power tensions.
* Asia's first stock exchange is established as ''The Native Share & Stock Brokers Association'' (the modern-day Bombay Stock Exchange).
* The Championships, Wimbledon, Wimbledon: Henry Cavendish Jones convinces the ''All England Croquet Club'' to replace a croquet court with a lawn tennis court.
* The Artisans' and Labourers' Dwellings Improvement Act 1875 is passed in the United Kingdom, to permit Slum clearance in the United Kingdom, slum clearance.
* Convent Scandal: During the winter in Montreal, typhoid fever strikes at a convent school. The corpses of the victims are filched by Body-snatching, body-snatchers before relatives arrive from America, causing much furor. Eventually the Anatomy Act of Quebec is changed over it.
* The opening of Flushing High School, the oldest public high school in New York City.
* Tanaka Manufacturing, a telecommunications factory in Ginza, Tokyo, a predecessor of Toshiba, a Japanese Electromechanics, electromechanics giant, is founded.
* World's first electric tram line operated in Sestroretsk near Saint Petersburg, Russia, invented and tested by Fyodor Pirotsky.
Notable births
January–February
![Bundesarchiv Bild 183-D0116-0041-019, Albert Schweitzer](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-D0116-0041-019%2C_Albert_Schweitzer.jpg)
* January 3 – Alexandros Diomidis, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1950)
*
January 5
Events Pre-1600
*1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France.
1601–1900
* 1675 – Battle of Colmar: The French a ...
– J. Stuart Blackton, American film producer (d. 1941)
* January 6 – Leslie Green, British architect (d. 1908)
* January 7 – Thomas Hicks (athlete), Thomas Hicks, American runner (d. 1952)
* January 9 – Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney, American sculptor, socialite (d. 1942)
* January 11 – Reinhold Glière, Russian composer (d.
1956
Events
January
* January 1 – The Anglo-Egyptian Condominium ends in Sudan.
* January 8 – Operation Auca: Five U.S. evangelical Christian missionaries, Nate Saint, Roger Youderian, Ed McCully, Jim Elliot and Pete Fleming, ar ...
)
*
January 14
** Felix Hamrin, 22nd Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 1937)
** Albert Schweitzer, Alsatian philosopher and musician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1965)
* January 15
**Thomas Burke (athlete), Thomas Burke, American sprinter (d. 1929)
**King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia (d. 1953)
* January 22 – D. W. Griffith, American film director, (''The Birth of a Nation'') (d. 1948)
* February 1 – Eddie Polo, Austrian-American actor (d. 1961)
* February 2 – Fritz Kreisler, Austrian violinist (d. 1962)
* February 4 – Ludwig Prandtl, German physicist (d. 1953)
* February 7 – Erkki Melartin, Finnish composer (d. 1937)
* February 8 – Valentine O'Hara, Irish author, authority on Russia and the Baltic states (d. 1941)
* February 21 – Jeanne Calment, French supercentenarian, world's longest lived person (d. 1997)
* February 26 – Emma Dunn, British-born stage, screen actress (d. 1966)
March–April
![Rhee Syng-Man in 1948](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Rhee_Syng-Man_in_1948.jpg)
* March 4 – Mihály Károlyi, Prime Minister of Hungary, Prime Minister and President of Hungary (d. 1955)
* March 7 – Maurice Ravel, French composer (d. 1937)
* March 8 – Kenkichi Ueda, Japanese general (d. 1962)
* March 9 – Juan de Dios Martínez, 23rd President of Ecuador (d. 1955)
* March 19 – Zhang Zuolin, Chinese bandit, soldier, and warlord (d. 1928)
* March 26 – Syngman Rhee, President of South Korea (d. 1965)
* March 28 – Helen Westley, American stage, film actress (d. 1942)
* April 1 – Edgar Wallace, English author (d. 1932)
* April 2 – Walter Chrysler, American automobile pioneer (d. 1940)
* April 4
** Samuel S. Hinds, American actor (d. 1948)
** Pierre Monteux, French conductor (d. 1964)
* April 5 – Mistinguett, French singer (d.
1956
Events
January
* January 1 – The Anglo-Egyptian Condominium ends in Sudan.
* January 8 – Operation Auca: Five U.S. evangelical Christian missionaries, Nate Saint, Roger Youderian, Ed McCully, Jim Elliot and Pete Fleming, ar ...
)
* April 8 – King Albert I of Belgium (d. 1934)
* April 15 – James J. Jeffries, American boxer (d. 1953)
* April 18 – Abd-ru-shin, German author (d. 1941)
May–June
![Thomas Mann 1937](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Thomas_Mann_1937.jpg)
* May 2 – Owen Roberts, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1955)
* May 6 – William D. Leahy, American admiral (d. 1959)
* May 11 – Harriet Quimby, American pilot (d. 1912)
* May 12
** Krishna Chandra Bhattacharya, Indian philosopher (d. 1949)
** Charles Holden, British architect (d. 1960)
* May 23 – Alfred P. Sloan, American automobile industrialist (d. 1966)
*
June 4
Events Pre-1600
*1411 – King Charles VI granted a monopoly for the ripening of Roquefort cheese to the people of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon as they had been doing for centuries.
* 1561 – The steeple of St Paul's, the medieval cathedr ...
– Albert E. Smith (producer), Albert E. Smith, English stage magician, film director and producer (d. 1958)
* June 6
** J. Farrell MacDonald, American character actor, film director (d. 1952)
** Thomas Mann, German novelist, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1955)
* June 9 – Henry Hallett Dale, English pharmacologist and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1968)
* June 12 – Sam De Grasse, Canadian actor (d. 1953)
* June 15 – Herman Smith-Johannsen, Norwegian supercentenarian (d. 1987)
* June 24 – Diedrich Westermann, German linguist (d.
1956
Events
January
* January 1 – The Anglo-Egyptian Condominium ends in Sudan.
* January 8 – Operation Auca: Five U.S. evangelical Christian missionaries, Nate Saint, Roger Youderian, Ed McCully, Jim Elliot and Pete Fleming, ar ...
)
* June 28 – Henri Lebesgue, French mathematician (d. 1941)
July–August
![National Women's Suffrage Association](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/National_Women%27s_Suffrage_Association.jpg)
* July 3
** Tanxu, Chinese Buddhist monk (d. 1963)
** Ferdinand Sauerbruch, German surgeon (d. 1951)
* July 10
** Dezső Pattantyús-Ábrahám, Hungarian politician (d. 1973)
** Mary McLeod Bethune, American educator (d. 1955)
* July 25 – Jim Corbett, Anglo-Indian hunter, conservationist and author (d. 1955)
* July 26
** Carl Jung, Swiss psychiatrist (d. 1961)
** Antonio Machado, Spanish poet (d. 1939)
* August 8 – Arthur Bernardes, 12th President of Brazil (d. 1955)
* August 10 – Florrie Forde, Australian-born music hall singer (d. 1940)
* August 15 – Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, English composer (d. 1912)
* August 16 – Juho Sunila, Prime Minister of Finland (d. 1936)
* August 21 – Winnifred Eaton (writer), Winnifred Eaton, Canadian author (d. 1954)
* August 26 – John Buchan, Scottish-Canadian historian and politician, 15th Governor General of Canada (d. 1940)
* August 27 – Katharine McCormick, American suffragist (d. 1967)
* August 29 – Leonardo De Lorenzo, Italian flautist (d. 1962)
September–October
![Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis photo portrait](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Mikalojus_Konstantinas_%C4%8Ciurlionis_photo_portrait.jpg)
*
September 1
Events Pre-1600
*1145 – The main altar of Lund Cathedral, at the time seat of the archiepiscopal see of all the Nordic countries, is consecrated.
*1173 – The widow Stamira sacrifices herself in order to raise the siege of Ancona b ...
– Edgar Rice Burroughs, American author (d. 1950)
* September 3 – Ferdinand Porsche, Austrian automotive engineer (d. 1951)
* September 16 – James Cash Penney, American businessman, founder of J. C. Penney (d. 1971)
* September 18 – Tomás Burgos, Chilean philanthropist (d. 1945)
* September 20 – Matthias Erzberger, German politician (assassinated 1921)
* September 22 – Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis, Lithuanian composer (d. 1911)
* October – George Ranetti, Romanian poet, publicist (d. 1928)
* October 1 – Eugeen Van Mieghem, Belgian painter (d. 1930)
* October 12 – Aleister Crowley, British occultist (d. 1947)
* October 23 – Gilbert N. Lewis, American chemist (d. 1946)
* October 31 – Vallabhbhai Patel, Indian political leader ("Iron Man of India") (d. 1950)
November–December
![Theodor Kardinal Innitzer -001-](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Theodor_Kardinal_Innitzer_-001-.jpg)
* November 8 – Qiu Jin, Chinese revolutionary, writer and feminist (d. 1907)
* November 14 – Gregorio del Pilar, Filipino general (d. 1899)
* November 30 – Otto Strandman, 1st Prime Minister of Estonia (d. 1941)
* December 4 – Rainer Maria Rilke, Austrian poet (d. 1926)
* December 5 – Arthur Currie, Canadian general (d. 1933)
* December 6 – Evelyn Underhill, British writer (d. 1941)
* December 11 – Yehuda Leib Maimon, Bassarabian-born Israeli rabbi, government minister (d. 1962)
* December 12 – Gerd von Rundstedt, German field marshal (d. 1953)
* December 15 – Emilio Jacinto, Filipino poet, revolutionary (d. 1899)
* December 19 – Mileva Marić, Albert Einstein's first wife (d. 1948)
* December 24 – Otto Ender, 8th Chancellor of Austria (d. 1960)
* December 25 – Theodor Innitzer, Austrian Catholic cardinal (d. 1955)
Notable deaths
January–June
![Georges bizet](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Georges_bizet.jpg)
*
January 12
Events Pre-1600
* 475 – Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus gains control of the empire.
* 1528 – Gustav I of Sweden is crowned King of Sweden, having already rei ...
– Tongzhi Emperor, 8th emperor of Qing dynasty (b. 1856)
* January 20 – Jean-François Millet, French painter (b. 1814)
* January 23 – Charles Kingsley, English writer (b. 1819)
* February 5 – Birgitte Andersen, Danish actress and ballet dancer (b.1791)
*February 7 - Edmund Spangler, American stagehand at Ford's Theatre (b. 1825)
* February 22
** Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, French painter (b. 1796)
** Sir Charles Lyell, Scottish geologist (b. 1797)
*
March 1
Events Pre-1600
*509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia.
* 293 – Emperor Diocletian ...
– Tristan Corbière, French poet (b. 1845)
* April 4 – Karl Mauch, German explorer (b. 1837)
* April 17 – Marija Milutinović Punktatorka, Serbian lawyer (b. 1810)
*
April 25
Events Pre-1600
*404 BC – Admiral Lysander and King Pausanias of Sparta blockade Athens and bring the Peloponnesian War to a successful conclusion.
* 775 – The Battle of Bagrevand puts an end to an Armenian rebellion against the ...
– the 12th Dalai Lama (b. 1857)
*
May 17
Events Pre-1600
*1395 – Battle of Rovine: The Wallachians defeat an invading Ottoman army.
*1521 – Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for treason.
* 1527 – Pánfilo de Narváez departs Spain to explore Flo ...
– John C. Breckinridge, List of Vice Presidents of the United States, 14th Vice President of the United States, Confederate States Secretary of War (b. 1821)
*
May 20
Events Pre-1600
* 325 – The First Council of Nicaea is formally opened, starting the first ecumenical council of the Christian Church.
* 491 – Empress Ariadne marries Anastasius I. The widowed '' Augusta'' is able to choose her ...
– Amalia of Oldenburg, Greek queen (b. 1818)
* May 31 – Eliphas Lévi, French occult author, magician (b. 1810)
* June 2 – Józef Kremer, Polish philosopher (b. 1806)
* June 3 – Georges Bizet, French composer (b. 1838)
*
June 4
Events Pre-1600
*1411 – King Charles VI granted a monopoly for the ripening of Roquefort cheese to the people of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon as they had been doing for centuries.
* 1561 – The steeple of St Paul's, the medieval cathedr ...
– Eduard Mörike, German poet (b. 1804)
* June 25 – Antoine-Louis Barye, French sculptor (b. 1796)
* June 29 – Ferdinand I of Austria, Emperor of Austria (b. 1793)
July–December
![Brullov AKTolstoy](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Brullov_AKTolstoy.jpg)
* July 8 – Francis Preston Blair Jr., American politician, Civil War officer (b. 1821)
* July 29 – Paschal Beverly Randolph, American occultist (b. 1825)
* July 30 – George Pickett, American Confederate general (b. 1825)
* July 31 – Andrew Johnson, 17th President of the United States (b. 1808)
* August 4 – Hans Christian Andersen, Danish writer (b. 1805)
*
August 6 – Gabriel García Moreno, President of Ecuador (b. 1821)
* August 10 – Karl Andree, German geographer (b. 1808)
* August 11 – William Alexander Graham, United States Senator from North Carolina, (1840-1843), Confederate States Senate, Confederate States Senator (1864-1865) (b. 1804)
* August 12 – János Kardos, Hungarian Slovenes evangelic priest, teacher and writer (b. 1801)
* August 16 – Prince Karl Theodor of Bavaria, Bavarian field marshal (b. 1795)
* August 17 – Wilhelm Bleek, German linguist (b. 1827)
*
August 25
Events Pre-1600
* 19 – The Roman general Germanicus dies near Antioch. He was convinced that the mysterious illness that ended in his death was a result of poisoning by the Syrian governor Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso, whom he had ordered to ...
– Charles Auguste Frossard, French general (b. 1807)
* August 27 – William Chapman Ralston, American banker and financier (b. 1826)
* September 12 – Chauncey Wright, American philosopher and mathematician (b. 1830)
* September 22 – Charles Bianconi, Italian-Irish entrepreneur (b. 1786)
* October 10 – Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, Russian writer (b. 1817)
* October 12 – Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux, French sculptor, painter (b. 1827)
*
October 15 – Chief Lone Horn, Native American Chief (b. 1790)
* October 19 – Charles Cowper, Sir Charles Cowper, Australian politician, Premier of New South Wales (b. 1807)
* October 24 – Jacques Paul Migne, French priest, theologian, and publisher (b. 1800)
* November 14 –
Werner Munzinger, Swiss adventurer (b. 1832)
* November 21 – Orris S. Ferry, American Civil War general and politician (b. 1823)
* November 22 – Henry Wilson, List of Vice Presidents of the United States, 18th Vice President of the United States (b. 1812)
* November 24 – William Backhouse Astor, Sr., American businessman (b. 1792)
* November 27 – Richard Christopher Carrington, English astronomer (b. 1826)
* December 13 – Théonie Rivière Mignot, American restauranter and businesswoman (b. 1819)
* December 25 – Young Tom Morris, Scottish golfer (b.
1851)
References
Further reading and year books
''1875 Annual Cyclopedia'' (1876)highly detailed coverage of "Political, Military, and Ecclesiastical Affairs; Public Documents; Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture, and Mechanical Industry" for year 1875; massive compilation of facts and primary documents; worldwide coverage; 801pp
kidawapan city lanao sakong sanakomriytahertgsa boss 7 bkong sukarap 1875 sapinsakong salong makong ang sapoikimrsa
{{DEFAULTSORT:1875
1875,