Events from the year 1856 in art.

Events

* May 1 – Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (' Lewis Carroll') takes up photography as a hobby * August 25 – Dante Gabriel Rossetti first encounters

Fanny Cornforth Fanny Cornforth (born Sarah Cox; 3 January 1835 – 24 February 1909) was an English artist's model, and the mistress and muse of the Pre-Raphaelite painter Dante Gabriel Rossetti. Cornforth performed the duties of housekeeper for Ros ...

(Sarah Cox) in a London pleasure garden; the following day he sketches her head in his studio for the figure of a prostitute in his unfinished painting '' Found'' * December 2 – The

National Portrait Gallery, London The National Portrait Gallery (NPG) is an art gallery in London housing a collection of portraits of historically important and famous British people. It was arguably the first national public gallery dedicated to portraits in the world when it ...

, is established * December 8 – Édouard Manet opens his own studio * Owen Jones publishes ''The Grammar of Ornament'', illustrated in chromolithography

Awards

* Austrian Imperial Prize for Sculpture –

Joseph Boehm Sir Joseph Edgar Boehm, 1st Baronet, (6 July 1834 – 12 December 1890) was an Austrian-born British medallist and sculptor, best known for the " Jubilee head" of Queen Victoria on coinage, and the statue of the Duke of Wellington at Hyde Par ...

Works

Arthur Hughes - April Love - Google Art Project

* Ivan Aivazovsky – '' A Strong Wind'' * William-Adolphe Bouguereau – '' La Danse'' ''(approximate date)'' * Ford Madox Brown – ''

Take your Son, Sir! ''Take Your Son, Sir!'' (1851–56) is an unfinished painting by Ford Madox Brown which depicts a woman showing her newborn son to its father. She is offering her baby towards the viewer of the painting, who is implicitly equated with the father - ...

'' (unfinished) * Philip Hermogenes Calderon – '' Broken Vows'' * Samuel Colman – ''Meadows and Wildflowers at Conway'' * William Powell Frith – ''Many Happy Returns of the Day'' * Hiroshige – '' One Hundred Famous Views of Edo'' ( ukiyo-e woodblock print series begins publication) * Arthur Hughes – '' April Love'' * William Holman Hunt – '' The Scapegoat'' (large version) *

Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres ( , ; 29 August 1780 – 14 January 1867) was a French Neoclassical painter. Ingres was profoundly influenced by past artistic traditions and aspired to become the guardian of academic orthodoxy against the ...

** ''

Madame Moitessier ''Madame Moitessier'' is a portrait of Marie-Clotilde-Inès Moitessier (née de Foucauld) begun in 1844 and completed in 1856 by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres. The portrait, which depicts Madame Moitessier seated, is now in the collection of the ...

'' ** '' La Source'' * Sir Edwin Landseer – '' Saved'' * Baron Carlo Marochetti – ''Richard Coeur de Lion'' (statue) * John Everett Millais ** '' Autumn Leaves'' ** ''

The Blind Girl ''The Blind Girl'' (1856) is a painting by John Everett Millais which depicts two itinerant beggars, presumed to be sisters, one of whom is a blind musician, her concertina on her lap. They are resting by the roadside after a rainstorm, before ...

'' ** ''

Peace Concluded ''Peace Concluded, 1856'' (1856) is a painting by John Everett Millais which depicts a wounded British officer reading ''The Times'' newspaper's report of the end of the Crimean War. It was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1856 to mixed reviews, ...

'' * Jean-François Millet – ''

Shepherdess Seated on a Rock ''Shepherdess Seated on a Rock'' or ''The Knitter'' or ''Shepherdess Knitting'' is an 1856 oil-on-wood painting by Jean-François Millet. It is in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. Millet was a leader of the Barbi ...

'' *

Adeline Harris Sears Adeline Harris Sears (1839–1931) was an American quilter. Personal life Harris Sears was born in Arcadia, Rhode Island, in 1839, the youngest child of James Toleration Harris and Sophia Knight. Her wealthy family owned a number of textile mill ...

- '' Quilt, Tumbling Blocks with Signatures pattern'' (quilt begun)https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/15391 * Eugene von Guerard – ''

View of Geelong :''Throughout this article, the $ symbol refers to the Australian dollar.'' ''View of Geelong'' is an 1856 oil painting on canvas by Eugene von Guerard. The painting measures 154.5 x 89cm and is owned by the Geelong Art Gallery in Victoria, Au ...

'' *

Henry Wallis Henry Wallis (21 February 1830 – 20 December 1916) was a British Pre-Raphaelite painter, writer and collector. Wallis was born in London on 21 February 1830, but his father's name and occupation are unknown. When in 1845 his mother, Mary ...

– '' The Death of Chatterton''

Births

January 7 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – The Senate of Rome says that Caesar will be declared a public enemy unless he disbands his army. This prompts the tribunes who support him to flee to Ravenna, where Caesar is waiting. * 1325 – Alfonso IV ...

–

Charles Harold Davis Charles Harold Davis (7 January 1856 – 5 August 1933) was an American landscape painter. Biography He was born at Amesbury, Massachusetts. A pupil of the schools of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, he was sent to Paris in 1880. Having studi ...

, American landscape painter (died

1933 Events January * January 11 – Sir Charles Kingsford Smith makes the first commercial flight between Australia and New Zealand. * January 17 – The United States Congress votes in favour of Philippines independence, against the wis ...

) *

January 8 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – Emperor Huai of Jin, Jin Huaidi becomes emperor of China in succession to his father, Emperor Hui of Jin, Jin Huidi, despite a challenge from his uncle, Sima Ying. * 871 – Æthelred I, King of Wessex, Æthel ...

–

Elizabeth Taylor Dame Elizabeth Rosemond Taylor (February 27, 1932 – March 23, 2011) was a British-American actress. She began her career as a child actress in the early 1940s and was one of the most popular stars of classical Hollywood cinema in the 1950s. ...

, American painter (died

1932 Events January * January 4 – The British authorities in India arrest and intern Mahatma Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel. * January 9 – Sakuradamon Incident (1932), Sakuradamon Incident: Korean nationalist Lee Bong-chang fails in his effort ...

) * January 12 –

John Singer Sargent John Singer Sargent (; January 12, 1856 – April 14, 1925) was an American expatriate artist, considered the "leading portrait painter of his generation" for his evocations of Edwardian-era luxury. He created roughly 900 oil paintings and more ...

, Florentine-born American portrait painter (died

1925 Events January * January 1 ** The Syrian Federation is officially dissolved, the State of Aleppo and the State of Damascus having been replaced by the State of Syria. * January 3 – Benito Mussolini makes a pivotal speech in the Italia ...

) * March 8 – Colin Campbell Cooper, American impressionist painter (died

1937 Events January * January 1 – Anastasio Somoza García becomes President of Nicaragua. * January 5 – Water levels begin to rise in the Ohio River in the United States, leading to the Ohio River flood of 1937, which continues into Fe ...

) * March 9 – Tom Roberts, Australian painter (died

1931 Events January * January 2 – South Dakota native Ernest Lawrence invents the cyclotron, used to accelerate particles to study nuclear physics. * January 4 – German pilot Elly Beinhorn begins her flight to Africa. * January 22 – Sir I ...

) * March 11 – Georges Petit, French art dealer (died

1920 Events January * January 1 ** Polish–Soviet War in 1920: The Russian Red Army increases its troops along the Polish border from 4 divisions to 20. ** Kauniainen, completely surrounded by the city of Espoo, secedes from Espoo as its own ma ...

) * May 20 – Henri-Edmond Cross, French neo-impressionist painter (died

1910 Events January * January 13 – The first public radio broadcast takes place; live performances of the operas '' Cavalleria rusticana'' and ''Pagliacci'' are sent out over the airwaves, from the Metropolitan Opera House in New York C ...

) * October 9 -

F. W. Pomeroy Frederick William Pomeroy (9 October 1856 – 26 May 1924) was a prolific British sculptor of architectural and monumental works. He became a leading sculptor in the New Sculpture movement, a group distinguished by a stylistic turn towards Natu ...

, English sculptor (died

1924 Events January * January 12 – Gopinath Saha shoots Ernest Day, whom he has mistaken for Sir Charles Tegart, the police commissioner of Calcutta, and is arrested soon after. * January 20– 30 – Kuomintang in China hol ...

) * October 28 ** Carolina Benedicks-Bruce, Swedish sculptor (died

1935 Events January * January 7 – Italian premier Benito Mussolini and French Foreign Minister Pierre Laval conclude Franco-Italian Agreement of 1935, an agreement, in which each power agrees not to oppose the other's colonial claims. * ...

) **

Anna Elizabeth Klumpke Anna Elizabeth Klumpke (October 28, 1856 – February 9, 1942) was an American portrait and Genre works, genre painter born in San Francisco, California, United States. She is perhaps best known for her portraits of famous women including Elizab ...

, American portrait and genre painter (died

1942 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Declaration by United Nations is signed by China, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union, and 22 other nations, in wh ...

) * November 6 – Jefferson David Chalfant, American ''trompe-l'œil'' painter (died

) * November 11 - Alfred Drury, English sculptor (died

1944 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in Nor ...

) * November 18 – Joakim Skovgaard, Danish painter (died

) *

November 21 Events Pre-1600 *164 BCE – Judas Maccabeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family, rededicates the Temple in Jerusalem, an event is commemorated each year by the festival of Hanukkah. (25 Kislev 3597 in the Hebrew calendar.) * 235 & ...

–

Eveleen Tennant Eveleen Tennant Myers (21 November 1856, Russell Square, London – 12 March 1937, London) was an English photographer. Biography Tennant was the third daughter of Charles Tennant (1796–1873) and Gertrude Barbara Rich Collier (1819–1918). ...

, English portrait photographer (died

) * Undated –

Harry Fidler Harry Fidler (1856–1935) was a British painter known for including farm animals and especially horses in his impressionistic paintings, typically using heavy impasto. He married Laura Clunas (d. 1936), who was an artist with a similar style. ...

, English equine painter (died

)

Deaths

January 4 Events Pre-1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar fights Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina. * 871 – Battle of Reading: Æthelred of Wessex and his brother Alfred are defeated by a Danish invasion army. 1601–1900 *1649 – Engli ...

– David d'Angers (Pierre-Jean David),

French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...

sculptor and engraver (born

1788 Events January–March * January 1 – The first edition of ''The Times'', previously ''The Daily Universal Register'', is published in London. * January 2 – Georgia ratifies the United States Constitution, and becomes the fourth U.S ...

) *

April 5 Events Pre-1600 * 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I. * 919 – The second Fatimid invasion of Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, sets out from Raqqada at the head of his a ...

– František Horčička, Czech history and portrait painter (born

1776 Events January–February * January 1 – American Revolutionary War – Burning of Norfolk: The town of Norfolk, Virginia is destroyed, by the combined actions of the British Royal Navy and occupying Patriot forces. * January 1 ...

) *

April 27 Events Pre-1600 * 247 – Philip the Arab marks the millennium of Rome with a celebration of the ''ludi saeculares''. * 395 – Emperor Arcadius marries Aelia Eudoxia, daughter of the Frankish general Flavius Bauto. She becomes one of ...

– Louis Joseph César Ducornet, French painter (used his feet) (born

1806 Events January–March * January 1 ** The French Republican Calendar is abolished. ** The Kingdom of Bavaria is established by Napoleon. * January 5 – The body of Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson, lies in state in the Painted Hall ...

) * July 4 – István Ferenczy, Hungarian sculptor (born

1792 Events January–March * January 9 – The Treaty of Jassy ends the Russian Empire's war with the Ottoman Empire over Crimea. * February 18 – Thomas Holcroft produces the comedy '' The Road to Ruin'' in London. * February ...

) * July 19 – Henry Aston Barker, Scottish landscape and panorama painter (born

1774 Events January–March * January 21 – Mustafa III, List of Ottoman Sultans, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, dies and is succeeded by his brother Abdul Hamid I. * January 27 ** An angry crowd in Boston, Massachusetts seizes, tars, and f ...

) * July 22 – Thomas Doughty, American landscape painter (born

1793 The French Republic introduced the French Revolutionary Calendar starting with the year I. Events January–June * January 7 – The Ebel riot occurs in Sweden. * January 9 – Jean-Pierre Blanchard becomes the first to fl ...

) * September 1 – Sir Richard Westmacott, English sculptor (born

1775 Events Summary The American Revolutionary War began this year, with the first military engagement being the April 19 Battles of Lexington and Concord on the day after Paul Revere's now-legendary ride. The Second Continental Congress t ...

) * October –

Rafael Tegeo Rafael Tegeo Díaz (27 November 1798, Caravaca de la Cruz - 3 October 1856, Madrid) was a Spanish Neoclassical painter, known primarily for his portraits. His name is sometimes spelled Tejeo. Biography He was born to a family of artisans. Afte ...

, Spanish Neoclassical painter (born

1798 Events January–June * January – Eli Whitney contracts with the U.S. federal government for 10,000 muskets, which he produces with interchangeable parts. * January 4 – Constantine Hangerli enters Bucharest, as Prince of Wa ...

) * October 8 – Théodore Chassériau, French Romantic painter (born

1819 Events January–March * January 2 – The Panic of 1819, the first major peacetime financial crisis in the United States, begins. * January 25 – Thomas Jefferson founds the University of Virginia. * January 29 – Si ...

) * October 10 –

Gim Jeong-hui Gim Jeong-hui (김정희, 金正喜, born on the 3rd day of the 6th lunar month 1786, died on the 10th day of the 10th lunar month 1856), also known as Kim Jeong-hui, was one of the most celebrated practitioners of calligraphy, epigraphists, an ...

, Korean calligrapher and artist (born

1786 Events January–March * January 3 – The third Treaty of Hopewell is signed, between the United States and the Choctaw. * January 6 – The outward bound East Indiaman '' Halsewell'' is wrecked on the south coast of Englan ...

) * October 25 –

Naitō Toyomasa was a noted Japanese sculptor of '' netsuke'' from Tanba Province. He was thus associated with the Tamba school. His works often depict animals. The Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA) has an extensive collection of his works. Referen ...

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...

ese sculptor of netsuke from Tanba Province (born

1773 Events January–March * January 1 – The hymn that becomes known as ''Amazing Grace'', at this time titled "1 Chronicles 17:16–17", is first used to accompany a sermon led by curate John Newton in the town of Olney, Bucking ...

) * October 28 –

Johann Peter Krafft Johann Peter Krafft (15 September 1780, Hanau - 28 October 1856, Vienna) was a German-born Austrian painter who specialized in portraits, historical works and genre scenes. Biography His father was an enamel painter who originally came from a ...

, German-Austrian painter (born

1780 Events January–March * January 16 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Cape St. Vincent: British Admiral Sir George Rodney defeats a Spanish fleet. * February 19 – The legislature of New York votes to allow ...

) * November 4 –

Hippolyte Delaroche Hippolyte-Paul Delaroche (17 July 1797 – 4 November 1856) was a French painter who achieved his greater successes painting historical scenes. He became famous in Europe for his melodramatic depictions that often portrayed subjects from English ...

, French painter (born

1797 Events January–March * January 3 – The Treaty of Tripoli, a peace treaty between the United States and Ottoman Tripolitania, is signed at Algiers (''see also'' 1796). * January 7 – The parliament of the Cisalpine Re ...

) * November 6 –

Cephas Thompson Cephas Thompson (July 1, 1775 – November 6, 1856) was a successful, largely self-taught, early nineteenth-century itinerant portrait painter in the United States. He was born, died, and lived most of his life in Middleborough, Massachusetts, ...

, American portrait painter (born

) * November 13 –

Ludwig Buchhorn Karl Ludwig Bernhard Christian Buchhorn (18 April 1770, in Halberstadt – 13 November 1856, in Berlin) was a German painter and engraver. Life Between 1790 and 1793, Buchhorn was at the Prussian Academy of Arts. In addition to aquatint and ...

, German painter and engraver (born

1770 Events January– March * January 1 – The foundation of Fort George, Bombay is laid by Colonel Keating, principal engineer, on the site of the former Dongri Fort. * February 1 – Thomas Jefferson's home at Shadwell, Virgi ...

) *

– Charles de Steuben,

painter (born

) * November 23 –

Thomas Seddon : ''For the New Zealand politician see'' Tom Seddon Thomas Seddon (London, 28 August 1821Cairo, 23 November 1856) was an English landscape painter associated with the Pre-Raphaelite movement, who painted colourful and highly detailed scenes of ...

, English landscape painter (born

1821 Events January–March * January 21 – Peter I Island in the Antarctic is first sighted, by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen. * January 28 – Alexander Island, the largest in Antarctica, is first discovered by Fabian Gottlieb von Be ...

) * ''date unknown'' **

Pieter Godfried Bertichen Pieter Godfried Bertichen (5 February 1796 – 1856) was a Dutch painter and lithographer who also lived and worked in Brazil.

, Dutch painter and lithographer (born

1796 Events January–March * January 16 – The first Dutch (and general) elections are held for the National Assembly of the Batavian Republic. (The next Dutch general elections are held in 1888.) * February 1 – The capital ...

) **

Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Duchesne Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Duchesne (1770, Gisors, Eure - 1856, Paris) was a French painter and miniaturist. He became known after the exposition of 1804 and was a royal painter during Restoration. His works are quite realistic. Biography Jean-Baptist ...

, French painter and miniaturist (born

) **

Elisabeth Charlotta Karsten Elisabeth Charlotta Karsten, married surname ''Kachanoff'' (1789–1856), was a Swedish painter. She was born in Stockholm, the daughter of Kristofer Kristian Karsten and Sophie Stebnowska and sister of Sophie Karsten. She was the student of ...

, Swedish and Russian painter (born

1789 Events January–March * January – Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès publishes the pamphlet ''What Is the Third Estate?'' ('), influential on the French Revolution. * January 7 – The 1788-89 United States presidential election a ...

) ** Frederick Nash, English painter and draughtsman (born

1782 Events January–March * January 7 – The first American commercial bank (Bank of North America) opens. * January 15 – Superintendent of Finance Robert Morris goes before the United States Congress to recommend establish ...

)

References

{{reflist Years of the 19th century in art 1850s in art