1817 In Portugal

Events

January–March

* January 1 – Sailing through the Sandwich Islands, Otto von Kotzebue discovers New Year Island.
* January 19 – An army of 5,423 soldiers, led by General José de San Martín, starts crossing the Andes from Argentina, to liberate Chile and then Peru.
* January 20 – Ram Mohan Roy and David Hare found Hindu College, Calcutta, offering instructions in Western languages and subjects.
* February 12 – Battle of Chacabuco: The Argentine– Chilean patriotic army defeats the Spanish.
* March 3
** President James Madison vetoes John C. Calhoun's Bonus Bill.
** The U.S. Congress passes a law to split the Mississippi Territory, after Mississippi drafts a constitution, creating the Alabama Territory, effective in August.
* March 4 – James Monroe is sworn in as the fifth President of the United States.
* March 21 – The flag of the Pernambucan Revolt is publicly blessed by the dean of Recife Cathedral, Brazil.

April–June

* April 3 – Princess Caraboo appears in Almondsbury in Gloucestershire, England.
* April 15 –
**The American School for the Deaf opens in Hartford, Connecticut.
**An earthquake strikes Palermo in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
* April 29 – The Rush–Bagot Treaty is signed.
* May 27 – The General Convention of the Episcopal Church founds the General Theological Seminary, while meeting in New York City.
* June 12 –
**German inventor Karl Drais drives his dandy horse ("Draisine" or ''Laufmaschine''), the earliest form of bicycle, in Mannheim.
** Tradesman Jeffery Sedwards establishes the Skibbereen Abstinence Society in Ireland, considered the first organisation devoted to teetotalism in Europe.
* June 22 – King Ferdinand VII of Spain, by royal decree, makes the production and sale of tobacco a legal endeavor in Cuba, thus sparking the birth of the Cuban cigar industry.''Cuba'' (International Bureau of the American Republics, 1905) p82
* June 25 – A large riot breaks out in Copenhagen Prison; the army is sent to quell it.

July–September

* July 4 – At Rome, New York, construction on the Erie Canal begins.
* July 4 - 1817 Santiago del Estero earthquake. A 7.0 magnitude earthquake hits Argentina's Santiago del Estero Province.
* August 15 – By act of the U.S. Congress ( March 3), the Alabama Territory is created by splitting the Mississippi Territory in half, on the day the Mississippi constitution is drafted, four months before Mississippi became a U.S. state.
* August 22 – The town of Araraquara, Brazil is founded.
* August 23 – An earthquake near the site of the ancient Greek city of Helike results in 65 deaths.
* August 26 – The University of Michigan is founded in Ann Arbor, Michigan.
* September 11 – The Great Rebellion of 1817-18 begins in Sri Lanka.

October–December

* October 9 - Official opening of the University of Ghent
* October 17 – Frigate is launched in Bombay for the British Royal Navy; she will still be afloat two centuries later.
* October 30 - The independent government of Venezuela is established by Simón Bolívar.
* October 31 – Emperor Ninkō accedes to the throne of Japan.
* November 3 - The Bank of Montreal opens in Montreal.
* November 5 – Third Anglo-Maratha War breaks out with the Battle of Khadki.
* November 20 – The first Seminole War begins in Florida.
* November 22 – Frédéric Cailliaud discovers the old Roman emerald mines at Sikait, Egypt.
* December 10 – Mississippi is admitted as the 20th U.S. state, formerly the Mississippi Territory."An 1820 Claim to Congress: Alabama Territory : 1817", ''The Intruders'', TNGenNet Inc., 2001, quick webpage
TN-537

Date unknown

* The first cholera pandemic originates in Bengal, reaching Calcutta by September.
* A typhus epidemic occurs in Edinburgh and Glasgow.
* L'Anciente Mutuelle, as predecessor of Axa, a worldwide insurance and financial service is founded in Rouen, France.

Births

January–June

* January 8 – Sir Theophilus Shepstone, British-born South African statesman (d. 1893)
* January 28 – Francisco de Lersundi y Hormaechea, Spanish noble and politician, Prime Minister of Spain (d. 1874)
* February 17 – Édouard Thilges, 7th Prime Minister of Luxembourg (d. 1904)
* February 18 – Lewis Armistead, American Confederate general (d. 1863)
* February 19 – King William III of the Netherlands (d. 1890)
* February 22 – Carl Wilhelm Borchardt, German mathematician (d. 1880)
* February 24 – Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot, French general (d. 1882)
* March 6 – Princess Clémentine of Orléans, daughter of King Louis Philippe I of France, mother of Tsar Ferdinand I of Bulgaria (d. 1907)
* March 22 – Braxton Bragg, American Confederate general (d. 1876)
* April 1 &ndash
Nissen Shonin
Japanese Buddhist priest Honmon Butsuryū-shū, Kyoto city (d. 1890)
* April 15 – Benjamin Jowett, Master of Balliol College, Oxford (d. 1893)
* April 24 – Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac, Swiss chemist (d. 1894)
* May 15 – Debendranath Tagore, Indian philosopher (d. 1905)
* May 19 – Theodor August Heintzman, Canadian piano manufacturer (d. 1899)
* June 30 – Joseph Dalton Hooker, English botanist (d. 1911)

July–December

* July 6 – Albert von Kölliker, Swiss biologist, zoologist (d. 1905)
* July 12
**Alphonse Lecointe, French general and politician (d. 1890)
**Henry David Thoreau, American philosopher (d. 1862)
* July 15 – John Fowler, British civil engineer (d. 1898)
* July 24 – Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (d. 1905)
* July 29 – Ivan Aivazovsky, Armenian-Russian painter (d. 1900)
* August 3 – Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen, Austrian general (d. 1895)
* August 4 – Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen, 29th United States Secretary of State (d. 1885)
* August 14 – Alexander H. Bailey, American politician (d. 1874)
* August 24 – Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, Russian writer (d. 1875)
* August 25 – Marie-Eugénie de Jésus, French religious (d. 1898)
* September 6
** Helga de la Brache, Swedish con artist (d. 1885)
** Mihail Kogălniceanu, 3rd Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1891)
* September 14 – Theodor Storm, German writer (d. 1888)
* October 10 – Christophorus Buys Ballot, Dutch chemist, meteorologist (d. 1890)
* October 17 – Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (Bahadaur), Indian founder of the Two Nation Theory for a future Pakistan (d. 1898)
* October 30 – Hermann Franz Moritz Kopp, German chemist (d. 1892)
* November 3 – Leonard Jerome, American entrepreneur, grandfather of Sir Winston Churchill (d. 1891)
* November 12 – Bahá'u'lláh, Persian founder of the Bahá'í Faith (d. 1892)
* November 17 – Benjamin Champney, American painter (d. 1907)
* November 30 – Theodor Mommsen, German writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1903)
* December 8 – Christian Emil Krag-Juel-Vind-Frijs, Prime Minister of Denmark (d. 1896)
* December 10 – Alexander Wood (physician), Scottish inventor of the first true hypodermic syringe (d. 1884)
* December 23 – Warren Felt Evans, American writer (d. 1889)

Date unknown

* Sophia Wilkens, Swedish social reformer, pioneer in the education of the intellectually disabled (d. 1889)

Deaths

January–June

* January 1 – Martin Heinrich Klaproth, German chemist who discovered uranium (1789), zirconium (1789), and cerium (1803) (b. 1743)
* January 11 – Timothy Dwight IV, American educator, theologian (b. 1752)
* January 11 – Margherita Dalmet, Venetian dogaressa (b. 1739)
* January 12 – Juan Andrés, Spanish Jesuit (b. 1740)
* January 16 – Alexander J. Dallas, American statesman, financier (b. 1759)
* February 8 – Francis Horner, Scottish politician, economist (b. 1778)
* March 8 – Anna Maria Lenngren, Swedish writer (b. 1754)
* April 2 – Johann Heinrich Jung, German writer (b. 1740)
* April 4 – André Masséna, French marshal (b. 1758)
* April 12 – Charles Messier, French astronomer (b. 1730)
* April 20 – Infante Antonio Pascual of Spain, Spanish prince (b. 1755)
* June 2 – Clotilde Tambroni, Italian philologist, linguist (b. 1758)
* June 4 – George Farragut, American naval officer (b. 1755)
* June 9 – Théroigne de Méricourt, French revolutionary (b. 1762)
* June 13
** Richard Lovell Edgeworth, Anglo-Irish, politician writer and inventor (b. 1744)
** Esther de Gélieu, Swiss educator (b. 1757)
* June 18 – Leonard Neale, American Catholic bishop (b. 1746)
* June 20 – Marie-Gabriel-Florent-Auguste de Choiseul-Gouffier, French diplomat (b. 1752)
* June 24 – Thomas McKean, American lawyer, signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1734)
* June 30 – Abraham Gottlob Werner, German geologist (b. 1750)

July–December

* July 14 – Anne Louise Germaine de Staël, French writer (b. 1766)
* July 18 – Jane Austen, English novelist (b. 1775)
* July 19 – John Palmer, Bath architect (b. c. 1738)
* July 24 – Karađorđe Petrović, Serb leader of the First Serbian Uprising against the Ottoman Empire, founder of the Serbian Karađorđević dynasty (b. 1768)
* August 7 – Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours, French politician (b. 1739)
* August 10 – Leopold III, Duke of Anhalt-Dessau (b. 1740)
* September 18 – David Hall, American judge (b. 1752)
* October 11 – Gertrudis Bocanegra, Mexican national heroine (b. 1765)
* October 13 – Julius Caesar Ibbetson, English artist (b. 1759)
* October 15 – Tadeusz Kościuszko, exiled Polish general, nationalist (b. 1746)
* October 16 – Manuel Piar, Venezuelan military leader (b. 1774)
* November 6 – Princess Charlotte of Wales, Heir-presumptive to the British throne (b. 1796)
* November 7 – Jean-André Deluc, Swiss geologist (b. 1727)
* November 11 – Francisco Javier Mina, Spanish military leader (b. 1789) (executed)
* November 14 – Policarpa Salavarrieta, Colombian spy, revolutionary who worked for the independence of Colombia (b. 1795)
* November 30 – Jean-Baptiste-Melchior Hertel de Rouville, Canadian politician (b. 1748)
* December 7 – William Bligh, British admiral (b. 1754)
* December 1 – Justin Heinrich Knecht, German composer, organist and music theorist (b. 1752)
* December 12 – Emperor Tekle Giyorgis I of Ethiopia, (b. c. 1751)
* December 15
** Usman dan Fodio, founder of Sokoto caliphate (b. 1754)
** Federigo Zuccari, astronomer, director of the Astronomical Observatory of Naples (b. 1783)

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:1817