Events

January–March

January 21 Events Pre-1600 * 763 – Following the Battle of Bakhamra between Alids and Abbasids near Kufa, the Alid rebellion ends with the death of Ibrahim, brother of Isa ibn Musa. * 1525 – The Swiss Anabaptist Movement is founded when Co ...

–

Mustafa III Mustafa III (; ''Muṣṭafā-yi sālis''; 28 January 1717 – 21 January 1774) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1757 to 1774. He was a son of Sultan Ahmed III (1703–30), and his consort Mihrişah Kadın. He was succeeded by his ...

Sultan Sultan (; ar, سلطان ', ) is a position with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal noun ', meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it ...

of the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...

, dies and is succeeded by his brother

Abdul Hamid I Abdülhamid or Abdul Hamid I ( ota, عبد الحميد اول, ''`Abdü’l-Ḥamīd-i evvel''; tr, Birinci Abdülhamid; 20 March 1725 – 7 April 1789) was the 27th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, reigning over the Ottoman Empire from 1774 to ...

. *

January 27 Events Pre-1600 * 98 – Trajan succeeds his adoptive father Nerva as Roman emperor; under his rule the Roman Empire will reach its maximum extent. * 945 – The co-emperors Stephen and Constantine are overthrown and forced to becom ...

** An angry crowd in

Boston Boston (), officially the City of Boston, is the state capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as well as the cultural and financial center of the New England region of the United States. It is the 24th- mo ...

Massachusetts Massachusetts (Massachusett language, Massachusett: ''Muhsachuweesut assachusett writing systems, məhswatʃəwiːsət'' English: , ), officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is the most populous U.S. state, state in the New England ...

seizes, tars, and feathers British customs collector and Loyalist John Malcolm, for striking a boy and a shoemaker, George Hewes, with his cane. ** British industrialist John Wilkinson

patent A patent is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the legal right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention for a limited period of time in exchange for publishing an enabling disclosure of the invention."A p ...

s a method for boring

cannon A cannon is a large- caliber gun classified as a type of artillery, which usually launches a projectile using explosive chemical propellant. Gunpowder ("black powder") was the primary propellant before the invention of smokeless powder ...

from the solid, subsequently utilised for accurate boring of

steam engine A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. The steam engine uses the force produced by steam pressure to push a piston back and forth inside a cylinder. This pushing force can be trans ...

cylinders. *

February 3 Events Pre-1600 * 1112 – Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, and Douce I, Countess of Provence, marry, uniting the fortunes of those two states. *1451 – Sultan Mehmed II inherits the throne of the Ottoman Empire. *1488 – ...

– The

Privy Council of Great Britain The Privy Council (PC), officially His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, is a formal body of advisers to the sovereign of the United Kingdom. Its membership mainly comprises senior politicians who are current or former members of e ...

, as advisors to King George III, votes for the King's abolition of free land grants of North American lands. Henceforward, land is to be sold at auction to the highest bidder. *

February 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1579 – The Archdiocese of Manila is made a diocese by a papal bull with Domingo de Salazar being its first bishop. 1601–1900 * 1685 – James II of England and VII of Scotland is proclaimed King upon the death of ...

– France's Parliament votes a sentence of civil degradation, depriving

Pierre Beaumarchais Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais (; 24 January 1732 – 18 May 1799) was a French polymath. At various times in his life, he was a watchmaker, inventor, playwright, musician, diplomat, spy, publisher, horticulturist, arms dealer, satirist ...

of all rights and duties of citizenship. *

February 7 Events Pre-1600 * 457 – Leo I becomes the Eastern Roman emperor. * 987 – Bardas Phokas the Younger and Bardas Skleros, Byzantine generals of the military elite, begin a wide-scale rebellion against Emperor Basil II. * 1301 &nd ...

– The volunteer fire company of

Trenton, New Jersey Trenton is the capital city of the U.S. state of New Jersey and the county seat of Mercer County. It was the capital of the United States from November 1 to December 24, 1784.February 24 Events Pre-1600 * 484 – King Huneric of the Vandals replaces Nicene bishops with Arian ones, and banishes some to Corsica. * 1303 – The English are defeated at the Battle of Roslin, in the First War of Scottish Independence. * 13 ...

– The

Province of Massachusetts Bay The Province of Massachusetts Bay was a colony in British America which became one of the Thirteen Colonies, thirteen original states of the United States. It was chartered on October 7, 1691, by William III of England, William III and Mary II ...

House of Representatives votes, 92 to 8, to impeach Superior Court Chief Justice Peter Oliver, but Provincial Governor Thomas Hutchinson refuses to allow the trial to proceed. *

March 10 Events Pre-1600 * 241 BC – First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates: The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing the First Punic War to an end. * 298 – Roman Emperor Maximian concludes his campaign in North Africa and makes a t ...

– The ''Boston Journal'' makes the first reference to the " Stars and Stripes" flag to symbolize the American colonies, reporting that "The American ensign now sparkles a door which shall shortly flame from the skies." *

March 31 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine the Great, Constantine marries Fausta, daughter of the retired Roman emperor Maximian. *1146 – Bernard of Clairvaux preaches his famous sermon in a field at V� ...

–

Intolerable Acts The Intolerable Acts were a series of punitive laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 after the Boston Tea Party. The laws aimed to punish Massachusetts colonists for their defiance in the Tea Party protest of the Tea Act, a tax measure ...

: The

British Parliament The Parliament of the United Kingdom is the supreme legislative body of the United Kingdom, the Crown Dependencies and the British Overseas Territories. It meets at the Palace of Westminster, London. It alone possesses legislative supremacy ...

passes the

Boston Port Act The Boston Port Act, also called the Trade Act 1774, was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain which became law on March 31, 1774, and took effect on June 1, 1774. It was one of five measures (variously called the ''Intolerable Acts'', the ...

, closing the port of Boston, Massachusetts, as punishment for the

Boston Tea Party The Boston Tea Party was an American political and mercantile protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston, Massachusetts, on December 16, 1773. The target was the Tea Act of May 10, 1773, which allowed the British East India Company to sell tea ...

.Gordon Carruth, ed., ''The Encyclopedia of American Facts and Dates'' 3rd Edition (Thomas Y. Crowell, 1962) pp80-82

April–June

April 17 Events Pre-1600 *1080 – Harald III of Denmark dies and is succeeded by Canute IV, who would later be the first Dane to be canonized. *1349 – The rule of the Bavand dynasty in Mazandaran is brought to an end by the murder of Hasan ...

– The first avowedly Unitarian congregation, Essex Street Chapel, is founded in London by

Theophilus Lindsey Theophilus Lindsey (20 June 1723 O.S.3 November 1808) was an English theologian and clergyman who founded the first avowedly Unitarian congregation in the country, at Essex Street Chapel. Early life Lindsey was born in Middlewich, Cheshire, t ...

. *

April 19 Events Pre-1600 * AD 65 – The freedman Milichus betrays Piso's plot to kill the Emperor Nero and all the conspirators are arrested. * 531 – Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persi ...

– The premiere of ''

Iphigénie en Aulide ''Iphigénie en Aulide'' (''Iphigeneia in Aulis'') is an opera in three acts by Christoph Willibald Gluck, the first work he wrote for the Paris stage. The libretto was written by François-Louis Gand Le Bland Du Roullet and was based on Jean ...

'' by

Christoph Willibald Gluck Christoph Willibald (Ritter von) Gluck (; 2 July 1714 – 15 November 1787) was a composer of Italian and French opera in the early classical period. Born in the Upper Palatinate and raised in Bohemia, both part of the Holy Roman Empire, he g ...

sparked a huge controversy, almost a war, such as has not been seen in Paris since the

Querelle des Bouffons The ("Quarrel of the Comic Actors"), also known as the ("War of the Comic Actors"), was the name given to a battle of musical philosophies that took place in Paris between 1752 and 1754. The controversy concerned the relative merits of French a ...

. *

May 10 Events Pre-1600 * 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China. *1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of Edw ...

–

Louis XVI Louis XVI (''Louis-Auguste''; ; 23 August 175421 January 1793) was the last King of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution. He was referred to as ''Citizen Louis Capet'' during the four months just before he was ...

becomes King of France, following the death of his grandfather,

Louis XV Louis XV (15 February 1710 – 10 May 1774), known as Louis the Beloved (french: le Bien-Aimé), was King of France from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774. He succeeded his great-grandfather Louis XIV at the age of five. Until he reache ...

. *

May 17 Events Pre-1600 *1395 – Battle of Rovine: The Wallachians defeat an invading Ottoman army. * 1521 – Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for treason. * 1527 – Pánfilo de Narváez departs Spain to explore Flo ...

– The colony of

Rhode Island and Providence Plantations Rhode Island (, like ''road'') is a state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is the smallest U.S. state by area and the seventh-least populous, with slightly fewer than 1.1 million residents as of 2020, but it ...

issues the first call for an "Intercolonial Congress" that eventually is set up as the

Continental Congress The Continental Congress was a series of legislative bodies, with some executive function, for thirteen of Britain's colonies in North America, and the newly declared United States just before, during, and after the American Revolutionary War. ...

. *

May 19 Events Pre-1600 * 639 – Ashina Jiesheshuai and his tribesmen assaulted Emperor Taizong at Jiucheng Palace. * 715 – Pope Gregory II is elected. * 1051 – Henry I of France marries the Rus' princess, Anne of Kiev. *1445 &n ...

–

Shakers The United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, more commonly known as the Shakers, are a Millenarianism, millenarian Restorationism, restorationist Christianity, Christian sect founded in England and then organized in the Unit ...

Ann Lee Ann Lee (29 February 1736 – 8 September 1784), commonly known as Mother Ann Lee, was the founding leader of the United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, or the Shakers. After nearly two decades of participation in a re ...

and eight followers sail from Liverpool, England for

colonial America The colonial history of the United States covers the history of European colonization of North America from the early 17th century until the incorporation of the Thirteen Colonies into the United States after the Revolutionary War. In the ...

. *

June 2 Events Pre-1600 * 455 – Sack of Rome: Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks. * 1098 – First Crusade: The first Siege of Antioch ends as Crusader forces take the city; the second siege began five days later. 1601� ...

–

: A new

Quartering Act The Quartering Acts were two or more Acts of British Parliament requiring local governments of Britain's North American colonies to provide the British soldiers with housing and food. Each of the Quartering Acts was an amendment to the Mutiny A ...

, requiring

American colonists The colonial history of the United States covers the history of European colonization of North America from the early 17th century until the incorporation of the Thirteen Colonies into the United States after the Revolutionary War. In the ...

to provide better housing for British soldiers upon demand, is passed. *

June 16 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – Emperor Julian marches back up the Tigris and burns his fleet of supply ships. During the withdrawal, Roman forces suffer several attacks from the Persians. * 632 – Yazdegerd III ascends the throne as king ...

– 17 – English explorer

James Cook James Cook (7 November 1728 Old Style date: 27 October – 14 February 1779) was a British explorer, navigator, cartographer, and captain in the British Royal Navy, famous for his three voyages between 1768 and 1779 in the Pacific Ocean an ...

becomes the first European to sight (and name)

Palmerston Island Palmerston Island is a coral atoll in the Cook Islands in the Pacific Ocean about northwest of Rarotonga. James Cook landed there on 16 June 1774. Overview Palmerston Island is one of a number of sandy islets on a continuous ring of coral reef ...

in the South Pacific Ocean. * June 20 (June 9 O.S.) –

Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) The Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774 was a major armed conflict that saw Russian arms largely victorious against the Ottoman Empire. Russia's victory brought parts of Moldavia, the Yedisan between the rivers Bug and Dnieper, and Crimea into the ...

Battle of Kozludzha The Battle of Kozludzha (also known as the Battle of Kozluca), fought on 20 June (Old Style - June 9) 1774 near the village of Kozludzha (now Suvorovo, Bulgaria), was one of the final and decisive battles of the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774). ...

– The

Imperial Russian Army The Imperial Russian Army (russian: Ру́сская импера́торская а́рмия, tr. ) was the armed land force of the Russian Empire, active from around 1721 to the Russian Revolution of 1917. In the early 1850s, the Russian Ar ...

, led by

Alexander Suvorov Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov (russian: Алекса́ндр Васи́льевич Суво́ров, Aleksándr Vasíl'yevich Suvórov; or 1730) was a Russian general in service of the Russian Empire. He was Count of Rymnik, Count of the Holy ...

, routs numerically superior

forces. *

June 22 Events Pre-1600 * 217 BC – Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV Philopator of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. * 168 BC – Battle of Pydna: Romans under Lucius Aemilius Paullus defeat Macedonian King Perseus ...

– The Parliament of Great Britain passes the

Quebec Act The Quebec Act 1774 (french: Acte de Québec), or British North America (Quebec) Act 1774, was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain which set procedures of governance in the Province of Quebec. One of the principal components of the Act w ...

, setting out rules of governance for the colony of

Quebec Quebec ( ; )According to the Canadian government, ''Québec'' (with the acute accent) is the official name in Canadian French and ''Quebec'' (without the accent) is the province's official name in Canadian English is one of the thirtee ...

in British North America, enlarging its territory as far south as Ohio and granting freedom of religion for Roman Catholics.

July–September

July 21 Events Pre-1600 * 356 BC – The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is destroyed by arson. * 230 – Pope Pontian succeeds Urban I as the eighteenth pope. After being exiled to Sardinia, he became the ...

–

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...

and the

sign the

Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca ( tr, Küçük Kaynarca Antlaşması; russian: Кючук-Кайнарджийский мир), formerly often written Kuchuk-Kainarji, was a peace treaty signed on 21 July 1774, in Küçük Kaynarca (today Kayna ...

with Russian victory, ending six years of war. The treaty gives Russia the right to intervene in Ottoman politics, to protect its Christian subjects. *

August 1 Events Pre-1600 *30 BC – Octavian (later known as Augustus) enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Republic. *AD 69 – Batavian rebellion: The Batavians in Germania Inferior (Netherlands) revolt under ...

– The element

oxygen Oxygen is the chemical element with the symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group in the periodic table, a highly reactive nonmetal, and an oxidizing agent that readily forms oxides with most elements as wel ...

is discovered for the third (and last, so far) time – the second quantitatively, following the somewhat earlier work of

Carl Wilhelm Scheele Carl Wilhelm Scheele (, ; 9 December 1742 – 21 May 1786) was a Swedish German pharmaceutical chemist. Scheele discovered oxygen (although Joseph Priestley published his findings first), and identified molybdenum, tungsten, barium, hydrog ...

(1771–1772) by

Joseph Priestley Joseph Priestley (; 24 March 1733 – 6 February 1804) was an English chemist, natural philosopher, separatist theologian, grammarian, multi-subject educator, and liberal political theorist. He published over 150 works, and conducted exp ...

, who publishes the fact in

1775 Events Summary The American Revolutionary War began this year, with the first military engagement being the April 19 Battles of Lexington and Concord on the day after Paul Revere's now-legendary ride. The Second Continental Congress t ...

, and so names the element (and usually gets all the credit, because his work was published first). *

August 6 Events Pre-1600 *1284 – The Republic of Pisa is defeated in the Battle of Meloria by the Republic of Genoa, thus losing its naval dominance in the Mediterranean. * 1538 – Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada ...

–

and the Shakers arrive in America and settle in New York. *

September 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1145 – The main altar of Lund Cathedral, at the time seat of the archiepiscopal see of all the Nordic countries, is consecrated. * 1173 – The widow Stamira sacrifices herself in order to raise the siege of Ancon ...

–

Powder Alarm The Powder Alarm was a major popular reaction to the removal of gunpowder from a magazine near Boston by British soldiers under orders from General Thomas Gage, royal governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, on September 1, 1774. In respo ...

Thomas Gage General Thomas Gage (10 March 1718/192 April 1787) was a British Army general officer and colonial official best known for his many years of service in North America, including his role as British commander-in-chief in the early days of the ...

, royal governor of the

, orders British soldiers to remove gunpowder from a

magazine A magazine is a periodical publication, generally published on a regular schedule (often weekly or monthly), containing a variety of content. They are generally financed by advertising, purchase price, prepaid subscriptions, or by a combinatio ...

, causing

Patriot A patriot is a person with the quality of patriotism. Patriot may also refer to: Political and military groups United States * Patriot (American Revolution), those who supported the cause of independence in the American Revolution * Patriot m ...

s to prepare for war. *

September 4 Events Pre-1600 * 476 – Romulus Augustulus is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself "King of Italy", thus ending the Western Roman Empire. * 626 – Li Shimin, posthumously known as Emperor Taizong of Tang, assumes the throne ove ...

– English explorer

becomes the first European to sight (and name) the island of

New Caledonia ) , anthem = "" , image_map = New Caledonia on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg , map_alt = Location of New Caledonia , map_caption = Location of New Caledonia , mapsize = 290px , subdivision_type = Sovereign st ...

Melanesia Melanesia (, ) is a subregion of Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It extends from Indonesia's New Guinea in the west to Fiji in the east, and includes the Arafura Sea. The region includes the four independent countries of Fiji, Va ...

. *

September 5 Events Pre-1600 * 917 – Liu Yan declares himself emperor, establishing the Southern Han state in southern China, at his capital of Panyu. * 1367 – Swa Saw Ke becomes king of Ava * 1590 – Alexander Farnese's army forces Hen ...

– The

First Continental Congress The First Continental Congress was a meeting of delegates from 12 of the 13 British colonies that became the United States. It met from September 5 to October 26, 1774, at Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, after the British Navy ...

assembles in

Philadelphia Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the sixth-largest city in the U.S., the second-largest city in both the Northeast megalopolis and Mid-Atlantic regions after New York City. Sinc ...

. *

September 15 Events Pre-1600 * 994 – Major Fatimid victory over the Byzantine Empire at the Battle of the Orontes. *1440 – Gilles de Rais, one of the earliest known serial killers, is taken into custody upon an accusation brought against him by ...

–

Yemelyan Pugachev Yemelyan Ivanovich Pugachev (russian: Емельян Иванович Пугачёв; c. 1742) was an ataman of the Yaik Cossacks who led a great popular insurrection during the reign of Catherine the Great. Pugachev claimed to be Catherine's ...

, leader of

Pugachev's Rebellion Pugachev's Rebellion (, ''Vosstaniye Pugachyova''; also called the Peasants' War 1773–1775 or Cossack Rebellion) of 1773–1775 was the principal revolt in a series of popular rebellions that took place in the Russian Empire after Catherine ...

against Russia by the

Yaik Cossacks The Ural Cossack Host was a cossack host formed from the Ural Cossacks – those Eurasian cossacks settled by the Ural River. Their alternative name, Yaik Cossacks, comes from the old name of the river. They were also known by the names: *Rus ...

, is betrayed by his own men after returning to Yaitsk (now

Oral, Kazakhstan Oral ( kz, Орал, translit=Oral ), known in Russian as Uralsk, is a city in northwestern Kazakhstan, at the confluence of the Ural and Chagan rivers close to the Russian border. As it is located on the western bank of the Ural river, it is c ...

). *

September 21 Events Pre-1600 * 455 – Emperor Avitus enters Rome with a Gallic army and consolidates his power. * 1170 – The Kingdom of Dublin falls to Norman invaders. * 1217 – Livonian Crusade: The Estonian leader Lembitu and Livonian ...

–

George Mason George Mason (October 7, 1792) was an American planter, politician, Founding Father, and delegate to the U.S. Constitutional Convention of 1787, one of the three delegates present who refused to sign the Constitution. His writings, including s ...

and

George Washington George Washington (February 22, 1732, 1799) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797. Appointed by the Continental Congress as commander of th ...

found the

Fairfax County Fairfax County, officially the County of Fairfax, is a county in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It is part of Northern Virginia and borders both the city of Alexandria and Arlington County and forms part of the suburban ring of Washington, D.C. ...

Militia A militia () is generally an army or some other fighting organization of non-professional soldiers, citizens of a country, or subjects of a state, who may perform military service during a time of need, as opposed to a professional force of r ...

Association, a military unit independent of British control. *

September 29 Events Pre-1600 *61 BC – Pompey the Great celebrates his third triumph for victories over the pirates and the end of the Mithridatic Wars on his 45th birthday. * 1011 – Danes capture Canterbury after a siege, taking Ælfheah, ...

–

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German poet, playwright, novelist, scientist, statesman, theatre director, and critic. His works include plays, poetry, literature, and aesthetic criticism, as well as trea ...

's semi-autobiographical

epistolary novel An epistolary novel is a novel written as a series of letters. The term is often extended to cover novels that intersperse documents of other kinds with the letters, most commonly diary entries and newspaper clippings, and sometimes considered ...

The Sorrows of Young Werther ''The Sorrows of Young Werther'' (; german: Die Leiden des jungen Werthers) is a 1774 epistolary novel by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Johann Wolfgang Goethe, which appeared as a revised edition in 1787. It was one of the main novels in the ''Sturm ...

'' (''Die Leiden des jungen Werthers'') (written January–March) is published anonymously in Leipzig, Germany; it is influential in the ''

Sturm und Drang ''Sturm und Drang'' (, ; usually translated as "storm and stress") was a proto- Romantic movement in German literature and music that occurred between the late 1760s and early 1780s. Within the movement, individual subjectivity and, in particul ...

'' movement and

Romanticism Romanticism (also known as the Romantic movement or Romantic era) was an artistic, literary, musical, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century, and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate ...

October–December

October 10 Events Pre-1600 * 680 – The Battle of Karbala marks the Martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali. * 732 – Charles Martel's forces defeat an Umayyad army near Tours, France. *1471 – Sten Sture the Elder, the Regent of Sweden, with ...

Dunmore's War Lord Dunmore's War—or Dunmore's War—was a 1774 conflict between the Colony of Virginia and the Shawnee and Mingo American Indian nations. The Governor of Virginia during the conflict was John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore—Lord Dunmore. H ...

–

Battle of Point Pleasant The Battle of Point Pleasant, also known as the Battle of Kanawha, was the only major action of Dunmore's War. It was fought on October 10, 1774, between the Virginia militia and Shawnee and Mingo warriors. Along the Ohio River near modern-day P ...

Cornstalk Cornstalk (c. 1720? – November 10, 1777) was a Shawnee leader in the Ohio Country in the 1760s and 1770s. His name in the Shawnee language was Hokoleskwa. Little is known about his early life. He may have been born in the Province of Pennsylv ...

is forced to make peace with Dunmore at the

Treaty of Camp Charlotte Lord Dunmore's War—or Dunmore's War—was a 1774 conflict between the Colony of Virginia and the Shawnee and Mingo American Indian nations. The Governor of Virginia during the conflict was John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore—Lord Dunmore. H ...

, ceding

Shawnee The Shawnee are an Algonquian-speaking indigenous people of the Northeastern Woodlands. In the 17th century they lived in Pennsylvania, and in the 18th century they were in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, with some bands in Kentucky a ...

land claims south of the

Ohio Ohio () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. Of the fifty U.S. states, it is the 34th-largest by area, and with a population of nearly 11.8 million, is the seventh-most populous and tenth-most densely populated. The sta ...

(modern

Kentucky Kentucky ( , ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States and one of the states of the Upper South. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north; West Virginia and Virginia to ...

) to

Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States, between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth ar ...

. ** English explorer James Cook becomes the first European to sight (and name)

Norfolk Island Norfolk Island (, ; Norfuk: ''Norf'k Ailen'') is an external territory of Australia located in the Pacific Ocean between New Zealand and New Caledonia, directly east of Australia's Evans Head and about from Lord Howe Island. Together with ...

in the Pacific Ocean, uninhabited at this date. *

October 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1066 – The Norman conquest of England begins with the Battle of Hastings. * 1322 – Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at the Battle of Old Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's ...

– The

in America adopts the Declaration of Rights and Resolves, with 10 principles. *

October 20 Events Pre-1600 *1568 – The Spanish Duke of Alba defeats a Dutch rebel force under William the Silent. * 1572 – Eighty Years' War: Three thousand Spanish soldiers wade through fifteen miles of water in one night to effect the rel ...

– The

passed the

Continental Association The Continental Association, also known as the Articles of Association or simply the Association, was an agreement among the American colonies adopted by the First Continental Congress on October 20, 1774. It called for a trade boycott against ...

, a colony-wide boycotting of British goods. Theater performances in the American colonies were also halted on the Congresses recommendation that the member colonies "discountenance and discourage all horse racing and all kinds of gaming, cock fighting, exhibitions of shows, plays, and other expensive diversions and entertainments." *

October 21 Events Pre-1600 *1096 – A Seljuk Turkish army successfully fights off the People's Crusade. *1097 – First Crusade: Crusaders led by Godfrey of Bouillon, Bohemund of Taranto, and Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse, begin the Siege of A ...

– The word ''Liberty'' is first displayed on a flag raised by colonists in

Taunton, Massachusetts Taunton is a city in Bristol County, Massachusetts, Bristol County, Massachusetts, United States. It is the county seat, seat of Bristol County. Taunton is situated on the Taunton River which winds its way through the city on its way to Mount ...

, in defiance of British rule in

Colonial America The colonial history of the United States covers the history of European colonization of North America from the early 17th century until the incorporation of the Thirteen Colonies into the United States after the Revolutionary War. In the ...

. *

October 25 Events Pre-1600 * 285 (or 286) – Execution of Saints Crispin and Crispinian during the reign of Diocletian, now the patron saints of leather workers, curriers, and shoemakers. * 473 – Emperor Leo I acclaims his grandson Leo II a ...

– The

Edenton Tea Party The Edenton Tea Party was a political protest in Edenton, North Carolina, in response to the Tea Act, passed by the British Parliament in 1773. Inspired by the Boston Tea Party and the calls for tea boycotts and the resolutions of the first North ...

takes place in

North Carolina North Carolina () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States. The state is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Georgia and So ...

, marking the first major gathering of women in support of the American cause. *

October 26 Events Pre-1600 * 1185 – The Uprising of Asen and Peter begins on the feast day of St. Demetrius of Thessaloniki and ends with the creation of the Second Bulgarian Empire. * 1341 – The Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347 formally b ...

– The first

adjourns in

. *

November 4 Events Pre-1600 *1429 – Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War: Joan of Arc liberates Saint-Pierre-le-Moûtier. *1493 – Christopher Columbus reaches Leeward Island and Puerto Rico. *1501 – Catherine of Aragon (later Henry VIII's ...

– The

Maryland Jockey Club The Maryland Jockey Club is a sporting organization dedicated to horse racing, founded in Annapolis in 1743. The Jockey Club was founded more than 30 years before the start of the Revolutionary War and is chartered as the oldest sporting organizat ...

follows a recommendation of the Continental Congress and cancels its race schedule. The decision sets a precedent for other jockey clubs in the colonies, and no major races are held until the end of the American Revolution. *

November 10 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Emperor Leo II dies after a reign of ten months. He is succeeded by his father Zeno, who becomes sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire. * 937 – Ten Kingdoms: Li Bian usurps the throne and deposes Emperor Yang ...

– 1774 British general election: Voting for the House of Commons concludes in Great Britain, and

Lord North Frederick North, 2nd Earl of Guilford (13 April 17325 August 1792), better known by his courtesy title Lord North, which he used from 1752 to 1790, was 12th Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1770 to 1782. He led Great Britain through most o ...

retains the office of Prime Minister as his Tory coalition wins 343 of the 558 seats.

Henry Seymour Conway Field Marshal Henry Seymour Conway (1721 – 9 July 1795) was a British general and statesman. A brother of the 1st Marquess of Hertford, and cousin of Horace Walpole, he began his military career in the War of the Austrian Succession. He ...

's Whig Party wins the other 215 seats. *

November 15 Events Pre-1600 * 655 – Battle of the Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. *1315 – Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy: The Schweizer Eidgenossenschaft ambushes the army of Leopold I in the Battle of Morg ...

– The government of the

Republic of Venice The Republic of Venice ( vec, Repùblega de Venèsia) or Venetian Republic ( vec, Repùblega Vèneta, links=no), traditionally known as La Serenissima ( en, Most Serene Republic of Venice, italics=yes; vec, Serenìsima Repùblega de Venèsia, ...

allows adventurer and ladies' man

Giacomo Casanova Giacomo Girolamo Casanova (, ; 2 April 1725 – 4 June 1798) was an Italian adventurer and author from the Republic of Venice. His autobiography, (''Story of My Life''), is regarded as one of the most authentic sources of information about the c ...

to return home after a 17-year absence. *

November 20 Events Pre-1600 * 284 – Diocletian is chosen as Roman emperor. * 762 – During the An Shi Rebellion, the Tang dynasty, with the help of Huihe tribe, recaptures Luoyang from the rebels. * 1194 – Palermo is conquered by Henry ...

–

Daniel Boone Daniel Boone (September 26, 1820) was an American pioneer and frontiersman whose exploits made him one of the first folk heroes of the United States. He became famous for his exploration and settlement of Kentucky, which was then beyond the we ...

retires from the Virginia colonial militia in order to devote his full time to establishing a settlement in

. *

November 25 Events Pre-1600 *571 BC – Servius Tullius, king of Rome, celebrates the first of his three triumphs for his victory over the Etruscans. *1034 – Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots, dies. His grandson, Donnchad, son of Bethó ...

–

Salawat Yulayev Salawat Yulayev ( ba, Салауат Юлай-улы; russian: Салават Юлаев; 16 June 1756 – 8 October 1800) was a Bashkir national hero who participated in Pugachev's Rebellion, warrior, poet and singer. Biography Salawat Yula ...

, the leader of the

Bashkirs , native_name_lang = bak , flag = File:Bashkirs of Baymak rayon.jpg , flag_caption = Bashkirs of Baymak in traditional dress , image = , caption = , population = approx. 2 million , popplace ...

rebellion against the Russian government, is captured, bringing an end to the insurrection. *

November 26 Events Pre-1600 * 783 – The Asturian queen Adosinda is held at a monastery to prevent her king from retaking the throne from Mauregatus. * 1161 – Battle of Caishi: A Song dynasty fleet fights a naval engagement with Jin dynast ...

– English chemist

becomes the first person to discover and identify

sulfur dioxide Sulfur dioxide (IUPAC-recommended spelling) or sulphur dioxide (traditional Commonwealth English) is the chemical compound with the formula . It is a toxic gas responsible for the odor of burnt matches. It is released naturally by volcanic activ ...

. *

November 27 Events Pre-1600 *AD 25 – Luoyang is declared capital of the Eastern Han dynasty by Emperor Guangwu of Han. * 176 – Emperor Marcus Aurelius grants his son Commodus the rank of " Imperator" and makes him Supreme Commander of the ...

– Spanish Navy Captain

Domingo de Bonechea Domingo Bernardo de Bonechea Andonaegui ( eu, Domingo Bonetxea Andonaegi), born on September 21, 1713, in Getaria, Basque Country, Spain, died in Tahiti on January 26, 1775, was a captain in the Spanish Royal Navy and an explorer for the Spanis ...

arrives at

Tahiti Tahiti (; Tahitian ; ; previously also known as Otaheite) is the largest island of the Windward group of the Society Islands in French Polynesia. It is located in the central part of the Pacific Ocean and the nearest major landmass is Austr ...

in the ship ''Aguila'' and tries unsuccessfully to claim it for Spain and to convert the Tahitians to the Roman Catholic faith. *

November 30 Events Pre-1600 * 978 – Franco-German war of 978–980: Holy Roman Emperor Otto II lifts the siege of Paris and withdraws. 1601–1900 * 1707 – Queen Anne's War: The second Siege of Pensacola comes to end with the failure of the Br ...

**Parliament adjourns in Great Britain, but declines to authorize any action against the rebellious American colonies, despite an address the day before by

King George III George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two kingdoms on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Br ...

and Prime Minister North. **

Thomas Paine Thomas Paine (born Thomas Pain; – In the contemporary record as noted by Conway, Paine's birth date is given as January 29, 1736–37. Common practice was to use a dash or a slash to separate the old-style year from the new-style year. In th ...

, a native of England, arrives in America at the age 37 and soon becomes an influential advocate for the colonies' independence. *

December 1 Events Pre-1600 * 800 – A council is convened in the Vatican, at which Charlemagne is to judge the accusations against Pope Leo III. *1420 – Henry V of England enters Paris alongside his father-in-law King Charles VI of France. * ...

– A boycott called by the Continental Congress goes into effect, as participating merchants and supporters cease the importation or consumption of products from Great Britain, Ireland or the British West Indies. *

December 6 Events Pre-1600 *1060 – Béla I of Hungary, Béla I is crowned king of Kingdom of Hungary in the Middle Ages, Hungary. *1240 – Mongol invasion of Rus': Kyiv, defended by Voivode Dmytro, Siege of Kiev (1240), falls to the Mongols u ...

– Archduchess

Maria Theresa Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina (german: Maria Theresia; 13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was ruler of the Habsburg dominions from 1740 until her death in 1780, and the only woman to hold the position ''suo jure'' (in her own right). ...

, the ruler of Austria, Hungary and Croatia, signs the General School Ordinance providing for education for both males and females and setting compulsory education for children aged six through 12. *

December 9 Events Pre-1600 * 536 – Gothic War: The Byzantine general Belisarius enters Rome unopposed; the Gothic garrison flees the capital. * 730 – Battle of Marj Ardabil: The Khazars annihilate an Umayyad army and kill its commander, al- ...

– The two month long Siege of Melilla begins as armies led by the Sultan of Morocco,

Mohammed ben Abdallah ''Sidi'' Mohammed ben Abdallah ''al-Khatib'' ( ar, سيدي محمد بن عبد الله الخطيب), known as Mohammed III ( ar, محمد الثالث), born in 1710 in Fes and died on 9 April 1790 in Meknes, was the Sultan of Morocco from 175 ...

, attack the North African Spanish colony of

Melilla Melilla ( , ; ; rif, Mřič ; ar, مليلية ) is an autonomous city of Spain located in north Africa. It lies on the eastern side of the Cape Three Forks, bordering Morocco and facing the Mediterranean Sea. It has an area of . It was par ...

(which remains a part of Spain into the 21st century). *

December 23 Events Pre-1600 * 484 – The Arian Vandal Kingdom ceases its persecution of Nicene Christianity. * 558 – Chlothar I is crowned King of the Franks. * 583 – Maya queen Yohl Ik'nal is crowned ruler of Palenque. * 962 &ndas ...

– King

Louis XVI of France Louis XVI (''Louis-Auguste''; ; 23 August 175421 January 1793) was the last King of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution. He was referred to as ''Citizen Louis Capet'' during the four months just before he was e ...

issues a declaration that, for the first time, protects "the free commerce of meat during

Lent Lent ( la, Quadragesima, 'Fortieth') is a solemn religious observance in the liturgical calendar commemorating the 40 days Jesus spent fasting in the desert and enduring temptation by Satan, according to the Gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke ...

" to support the needs of "the poor whose infirmity requires them to eat meat."

Date unknown

* To avoid severe flooding, Martinsborough,

is moved to higher ground west. The

North Carolina General Assembly The North Carolina General Assembly is the Bicameralism, bicameral legislature of the Government of North Carolina, State government of North Carolina. The legislature consists of two chambers: the North Carolina Senate, Senate and the North Ca ...

incorporates Martinsborough as the new seat of Pitt County, 3 years after its founding. * German cobbler

Johann Birkenstock Birkenstock Group B.V. & Co. KG is a German shoe manufacturer known for its production of Birkenstocks, a German brand of Sandal (footwear), sandals and other shoes notable for their contoured Cork (material), cork footbeds (soles) made with lay ...

creates the first

Birkenstock Birkenstock Group B.V. & Co. KG is a German shoe manufacturer known for its production of Birkenstocks, a German brand of sandals and other shoes notable for their contoured cork footbeds (soles) made with layers of suede and jute, which conf ...

sandals Sandals are an open type of footwear, consisting of a sole held to the wearer's foot by straps going over the instep and around the ankle. Sandals can also have a heel. While the distinction between sandals and other types of footwear can some ...

. * A revision of the

laws of cricket The ''Laws of Cricket'' is a code which specifies the rules of the game of cricket worldwide. The earliest known code was drafted in 1744 and, since 1788, it has been owned and maintained by its custodian, the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) in Lond ...

introduces a

leg before wicket Leg before wicket (lbw) is one of the ways in which a batsman can be dismissed in the sport of cricket. Following an appeal by the fielding side, the umpire may rule a batter out lbw if the ball would have struck the wicket but was instead in ...

rule.

Births

Tryphosa Jane Wallis actress square by Graham

RoseFortuneNovaScotiaArchievesandRecordsManagement

Madhav Rao Narayan, the Maratha Peshwa with Nana Fadnavis and Attendants (cropped)

Carl_Freiherr_Haller_von_Hallerstein_by_Otto_Magnus_von_Stackelberg

Portrait_of_Count_Pavel_Stroganoff_(1772-1817)

Johann Friedrich August Tischbein - Christiane Amalie Erbprinzessin von Anhalt-Dessau

Samuel_William_Reynolds_-_Mrs_Arbuthnot_-_B1970

Robert Southey - Project Gutenberg eText 13619

Elizabeth Ann Seton portrait by Amabilia Filicchi

Gerhard von Kügelgen portrait of Friedrich

Marie_Ellenrieder_-_Ignaz_Heinrich_von_Wessenberg_(%C3%96aL_1819)

Joseph Paelinck - Frederica Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands - 56

January

January 1 January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...

Lancelot Baugh Allen Lancelot Baugh Allen (1 January 1774 – 28 October 1845) was Master of the College of God's Gift in Dulwich from 1811 to 1820. He was the son of John Bartlett Allen, a local landowner and colliery owner in Cresselly, Pembrokeshire. Allen had on ...

, Master of Dulwich College (d.

1845 Events January–March * January 10 – Elizabeth Barrett receives a love letter from the younger poet Robert Browning; on May 20, they meet for the first time in London. She begins writing her ''Sonnets from the Portuguese''. * January 23 ...

) **

André Marie Constant Duméril André Marie Constant Duméril (1 January 1774 – 14 August 1860) was a French zoologist. He was professor of anatomy at the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle from 1801 to 1812, when he became professor of herpetology and ichthyology. His ...

, French zoologist (d.

1860 Events January–March * January 2 – The discovery of a hypothetical planet Vulcan is announced at a meeting of the French Academy of Sciences in Paris, France. * January 10 – The Pemberton Mill in Lawrence, Massachusett ...

) **

Pietro Giordani Pietro Giordani (January 1, 1774 – September 2, 1848) was an Italian writer, classical literary scholar, and a close friend of, and influence on, Giacomo Leopardi. Biography Born in Piacenza, Giordani originally set out to become a monk. But ...

, Italian writer (d. 1848) **

James Johnson James Johnson may refer to: Artists, actors, authors, and musicians *James Austin Johnson (born 1989), American comedian & actor, ''Saturday Night Live'' cast member *James B. Johnson (born 1944), author of science nonfiction novels *James P. John ...

, U.S. Representative from Kentucky (d.

1826 Events January–March * January 15 – The French newspaper ''Le Figaro'' begins publication in Paris, initially as a weekly. * January 30 – The Menai Suspension Bridge, built by engineer Thomas Telford, is opened between the island o ...

) ** William Piper, American politician (d.

1852 Events January–March * January 14 – President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte proclaims a new constitution for the French Second Republic. * January 15 – Nine men representing various Jewish charitable organizations come tog ...

) *

January 2 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuse to swear loyalty to Galba. They rebel and proclaim Vitellius as emperor. * 366 – The Alemanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading the Roman Empi ...

–

Thomas Lynn Thomas Lynn (1774–1847) was an English naval officer and writer on astronomy. Life He was born 2 January 1774 at Woodbridge, Suffolk, where his father was a medical practitioner. At the age of 11 he entered the naval service of the East India Co ...

, British soldier (d.

1847 Events January–March * January 4 – Samuel Colt sells his first revolver pistol to the U.S. government. * January 13 – The Treaty of Cahuenga ends fighting in the Mexican–American War in California. * January 16 – John C. Frémont ...

) *

January 3 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor. * 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...

–

Juan Aldama Juan Aldama (January 3, 1774 in San Miguel el Grande, Guanajuato – June 26, 1811 in Chihuahua) was a Mexican revolutionary rebel soldier during the Mexican War of Independence in 1810. Biography He was also the brother of Ignacio Aldama ...

, Jugador de Beisbole (d.

1811 Events January–March * January 8 – An unsuccessful slave revolt is led by Charles Deslondes, in St. Charles and St. James Parishes, Louisiana. * January 17 – Mexican War of Independence – Battle of Calderón Brid ...

) *

January 4 Events Pre-1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar fights Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina. * 871 – Battle of Reading: Æthelred of Wessex and his brother Alfred are defeated by a Danish invasion army. 1601–1900 *1649 – Engli ...

** Volant Vashon Ballard, Royal Navy admiral (d.

1832 Events January–March * January 6 – Abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison founds the New-England Anti-Slavery Society. * January 13 – The Christmas Rebellion of slaves is brought to an end in Jamaica, after the island's white plan ...

) ** Edward Dubois, English wit and man of letters (d.

1850 Events January–June * April ** Pope Pius IX returns from exile to Rome. ** Stephen Foster's parlor ballad "Ah! May the Red Rose Live Alway" is published in the United States. * April 4 – Los Angeles is incorporated as a cit ...

) ** William M. Richardson, American jurist and politician (d. 1838) *

January 5 Events Pre-1600 *1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Duchy of Burgundy, Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France. 1601–1900 *1675 – Battle of Turckh ...

–

George Chinnery George Chinnery (; 5 January 1774 – 30 May 1852) was an English painter who spent most of his life in Asia, especially India and southern China. Early life Chinnery was born in London, where he studied at the Royal Academy Schools. ...

, British artist (d.

) *

January 6 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will eve ...

Ole Elias Holck Ole Elias Holck (6 January 1774 – 14 July 1842) was a Norwegian military officer who served as a representative at the Norwegian Constitutional Assembly. Ole Elias Holck was born at the village of Hyllestad in Gulen in Sogn og Fjordane, Norwa ...

, officer, father of the Constitution of Norway, member of Stortinget (d.

1842 Events January–March * January ** Michael Alexander takes office, as the first appointee to the Anglican-German Bishopric in Jerusalem. ** American medical student William E. Clarke of Berkshire Medical College becomes the first pe ...

) ** James McCall, American politician (d. 1856) *

January 7 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – The Senate of Rome says that Caesar will be declared a public enemy unless he disbands his army. This prompts the tribunes who support him to flee to Ravenna, where Caesar is waiting. * 1325 – Alfonso IV ...

Anna Bunina Anna Petrovna Bunina ( rus, А́нна Петро́вна Бу́нина, p=ˈannə pʲɪˈtrovnə ˈbunʲɪnə, a=Anna Pyetrovna Bunina.ru.vorb.oga; January 18, 1774 – December 16, 1829) was a Russian poet. She was the first female Russian ...

, Russian poet (d. 1829) ** Samuel D. Purviance, American politician (d.

1806 Events January–March * January 1 ** The French Republican Calendar is abolished. ** The Kingdom of Bavaria is established by Napoleon. * January 5 – The body of Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson, lies in state in the Painted Hall ...

) *

January 8 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – Emperor Huai of Jin, Jin Huaidi becomes emperor of China in succession to his father, Emperor Hui of Jin, Jin Huidi, despite a challenge from his uncle, Sima Ying. * 871 – Æthelred I, King of Wessex, Æthel ...

–

John Gibbons John Michael Gibbons (born June 8, 1962) is an American former professional baseball player and former manager of the Toronto Blue Jays of Major League Baseball (MLB). Gibbons briefly played in the Major Leagues as a catcher with the New York Me ...

, English amateur cricketer (d. 1844) *

January 10 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war. * 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and the be ...

Augustin de Macarty Augustin de Macarty (sometimes anglicized, as ''McCarty'' or ''McCarthy'') was a mayor of New Orleans from September 7, 1815, to May 1, 1820. He was a member of an influential Creole family allied by marriage to Esteban Rodríguez ...

, American politician (d. 1844) ** Jean-Baptiste Muiron, French Army officer (d.

1796 Events January–March * January 16 – The first Dutch (and general) elections are held for the National Assembly of the Batavian Republic. (The next Dutch general elections are held in 1888.) * February 1 – The capital ...

) ** William Stewart, British military officer (d.

1827 Events January–March * January 5 – The first regatta in Australia is held, taking place on Tasmania (called at the time ''Van Diemen's Land''), on the River Derwent at Hobart. * January 15 – Furman University, founded in 1826, b ...

) *

January 11 Events Pre-1600 * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence. * 630 – Conquest of Mecca: The prophet Muhamma ...

Antoine Drouot General Antoine Drouot, Comte Drouot (11 January 1774 – 24 March 1847) was a French officer who fought in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Drouot is one of a select group who were present at both the Battle of Trafalgar (1805) and ...

, French general (d.

) **

Charles Henry Schwanfelder Charles Henry Schwanfelder (1774–1837) was an English animal, landscape and portrait painter. Schwanfelder was born and died in Leeds. He was the son of a German decorative painter and started out helping his father to paint clock faces ...

, British artist (d.

1837 Events January–March * January 1 – The destructive Galilee earthquake causes 6,000–7,000 casualties in Ottoman Syria. * January 26 – Michigan becomes the 26th state admitted to the United States. * February – Charles Dickens's ...

) ** Tryphosa Jane Wallis, English actress (d. 1848) *

January 12 Events Pre-1600 * 475 – Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus gains control of the empire. *1528 – Gustav I of Sweden is crowned King of Sweden, having already reigned s ...

–

William Cahoon William Cahoon (January 12, 1774 – May 30, 1833) was an American judge and politician. He served as a U.S. representative from Vermont. Biography Cahoon was born in Providence in the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations to Danie ...

, American politician (d.

1833 Events January–March * January 3 – Reassertion of British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (1833), Reassertion of British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic. * February 6 – His Royal Highness Prince Otto ...

) *

January 14 Events Pre-1600 *1236 – King Henry III of England marries Eleanor of Provence. *1301 – Andrew III of Hungary dies, ending the Árpád dynasty in Hungary. 1601–1900 *1639 – The "Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, Fundamenta ...

–

Benjamin Aislabie Benjamin Aislabie (14 January 1774 – 2 June 1842) was an English wine merchant, slave plantation owner and cricket administrator. He was the first Honorary Secretary of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) and was influential in its early developmen ...

, cricketer (d.

) *

January 16 Events Pre-1600 * 27 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the Roman Empire. * 378 – General Siyaj K'ak' conquers Tikal, enlarging the domain of King Spear ...

– Daniel Evans, Welsh Independent minister (d.

1835 Events January–March * January 7 – anchors off the Chonos Archipelago on her second voyage, with Charles Darwin on board as naturalist. * January 8 – The United States public debt contracts to zero, for the only time in history. ...

) *

January 17 Events Pre-1600 * 38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey. * 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 people on ...

Marie-Thérèse Figueur Marie-Thérèse Figueur (Talmay, 17 January 1774 – Paris, hospice des Petits Ménages, 4 January 1861), known by the ''nom de guerre'' ''Sans-Gêne'' (literally "unconstrained"), was a French soldier who fought in the French Revolutionary W ...

, French writer (d.

1861 Statistically, this year is considered the end of the whale oil industry and (in replacement) the beginning of the petroleum oil industry. Events January–March * January 1 ** Benito Juárez captures Mexico City. ** The first steam-p ...

) **

Maria Theresa Kemble Maria Theresa Kemble (1774–1838), née Marie Thérèse Du Camp, was an Austrian-born English actress, singer, dancer and comic playwright on the stage. She was the wife of actor Charles Kemble. Early life She was the daughter of Jeanne Dufour ...

, British actress (d. 1838) ** Georg Wilhelm Franz Wenderoth, German botanist (d.

) *

January 18 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Seven-year-old Leo II succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I as Byzantine emperor. He dies ten months later. * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople fail. * 1126 – Emperor Huizong abdicates the Chi ...

** Moses I. Cantine, American politician (d.

1823 Events January–March * January 22 – By secret treaty signed at the Congress of Verona, the Quintuple Alliance gives France a mandate to invade Spain for the purpose of restoring Ferdinand VII (who has been captured by armed revolutio ...

) **

James Millingen James Millingen (18 January 1774 – 1 October 1845), was a Dutch-English archaeologist, now known as a numismatist. Life He was the second son of Michael Millingen, a Dutch merchant originally from Rotterdam and then from Batavia in the western N ...

, British archaeologist (d.

) *

January 19 Events Pre-1600 * 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to ''Augustus'', and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. * 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surrender ...

– Samuel Campbell Rowley, naval officer and politician (d.

1846 Events January–March * January 5 – The United States House of Representatives votes to stop sharing the Oregon Country with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom. * January 13 – The Milan–Venice railway' ...

) *

January 20 Events Pre-1600 * 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution. * 649 – King Chindasuinth, at the urging of bishop Braulio of Zaragoza, crowns his son Recceswinth as co-ruler of the Visigothic Kingdom. * 1156 &ndas ...

–

Charles George Beauclerk Charles George Beauclerk (20 January 1774 – 25 December 1845) was an English politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for the borough of Richmond from 1796 to 1798. Background and education He was the only son of Topham Beauclerk and ...

, British Member of Parliament (d.

) *

–

William Kenrick William Kenrick may refer to: *William Kenrick (Member of Barebone's Parliament), MP for Kent (UK Parliament constituency) *William Kenrick (writer) (1725–1779), English novelist, playwright and satirist *William Kenrick (nurseryman) (1795&nda ...

, English lawyer and politician (d. 1829) *

January 22 Events Pre-1600 * 613 – Eight-month-old Constantine is crowned as co-emperor (''Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople. * 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated by the Danelaw Vi ...

–

Francesco Fuoco Francesco Fuoco (1774–1841) was an Itay, Italian philologist, economist and Catholic priest. Some of his works were published under the name of Giuseppe De Welz, a banker from Como, who hired Fuoco as a ghost writer. Works * * * Refer ...

, Italian philologist, economist and Catholic priest (d. 1841) *

January 23 Events Pre-1600 * 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor. * 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao. *1264 & ...

– Richard Southgate, American politician (d.

1857 Events January–March * January 1 – The biggest Estonian newspaper, ''Postimees'', is established by Johann Voldemar Jannsen. * January 7 – The partly French-owned London General Omnibus Company begins operating. * Janua ...

) *

January 24 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula. * 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt. *1438 – The Cou ...

** Carl Abraham Arfwedson, Swedish silk merchant (d.

) **

Arnold Timothée de Lasaulx Arnold Timothée Albert Francois Joseph de Lasaulx (21 January 1774 – 18 July 1863) was a Belgian Belgian may refer to: * Something of, or related to, Belgium * Belgians, people from Belgium or of Belgian descent * Languages of Belgium, lang ...

, Belgian politician (d. 1863) *

January 25 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate. * 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dynasty ...

–

Jules-Paul Pasquier Jules-Paul Pasquier (1774–1858) was a French member of the Conseil d'État. Early life Jules-Paul Pasquier was born on 25 January 1774 in Paris. Career He served as the Prefect (France), prefet of the Sarthe Sarthe () is a department of ...

, French jurist (d. 1858) *

January 29 Events Pre-1600 * 904 – Sergius III is elected pope, after coming out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher. * 946 – Caliph Al-Mustakfi is blinded and deposed by Emir Mu'izz al-Dawla, ruler o ...

Olinthus Gregory Olinthus Gilbert Gregory (29 January 17742 February 1841) was an English mathematician, author, and editor. Biography He was born on 29 January 1774 at Yaxley in Huntingdonshire, the son of Robert, a shoemaker, and Ann, who also had three you ...

, British astronomer (d. 1841) ** Sir Robert Shaw, 1st Baronet, British politician (d. 1849) *

January 30 Events Pre-1600 *1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen. *1287 – King Wareru founds the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, and proclaims independence from the Pagan Kingdom. 1601–1900 *1607 – An estimated ...

– Samuel Butler, English classical scholar and schoolmaster (d.

1839 Events January–March * January 2 – The first photograph of the Moon is taken, by French photographer Louis Daguerre. * January 6 – Night of the Big Wind: Ireland is struck by the most damaging cyclone in 300 years. * January 9 – T ...

) *

January 31 Events Pre-1600 * 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades. * 1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on the t ...

William Blake William Blake (28 November 1757 – 12 August 1827) was an English poet, painter, and printmaker. Largely unrecognised during his life, Blake is now considered a seminal figure in the history of the poetry and visual art of the Romantic Age. ...

, British economist; (d.

) **

William George Maton William George Maton M.D. (31 January 1774 – 30 March 1835) was an English physician, a society doctor who became associated with the British royal family. He published on natural history and antiquarian topics. Life The son of George Maton, ...

, English physician (d.

) **

Thomas Veazey Thomas Ward Veazey (January 31, 1774July 1, 1842) was a Maryland politician that served in a variety of roles. The zenith of his career was being the 24th Governor of the state from 1836 to 1839, when he was selected to serve three consecutive o ...

, American politician (d.

) **

Phineas Waller Phineas Waller (January 31, 1774 – June 3, 1859) was an American landowner and the father of David Jewett Waller Sr. In the first part of the 1800s, he worked as a farmer and distiller, but in 1823, he moved to his father's farm in Oaquago ...

, Pennsylvanian farmer and landowner (d. 1859)

February

February 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer. * 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), Mon ...

** John Douglas, Tory politician, died 1838 (d. 1838) **

Ferdinánd Pálffy Count Ferdinánd Pálffy de Erdőd (1 February 1774 – 4 February 1840) was a mining engineer and civil servant of the Austrian Empire who is better remembered for his role in managing the Theater an der Wien, Vienna, in pursuit of which he lost ...

, Austrian theatre manager (d.

1840 Events January–March * January 3 – One of the predecessor papers of the ''Herald Sun'' of Melbourne, Australia, ''The Port Phillip Herald'', is founded. * January 10 – Uniform Penny Post is introduced in the United Kingdom. * Janua ...

) *

February 2 Events Pre-1600 * 506 – Alaric II, eighth king of the Visigoths, promulgates the Breviary of Alaric (''Breviarium Alaricianum'' or ''Lex Romana Visigothorum''), a collection of "Roman law". * 880 – Battle of Lüneburg Heath: King ...

–

Susan Montagu, Duchess of Manchester Susan Montagu, Duchess of Manchester (2 February 1774 – 26 August 1828), formerly Lady Susan Gordon, was the wife of William Montagu, 5th Duke of Manchester. Early life Lady Susan was born at Gordon Castle, the third daughter of Alexander G ...

, British noble (d. 1828) *

** Edward Cross, British zookeeper (d.

1854 Events January–March * January 4 – The McDonald Islands are discovered by Captain William McDonald aboard the ''Samarang''. * January 6 – The fictional detective Sherlock Holmes is perhaps born. * January 9 – The Teut ...

) **

Karl Mollweide Karl Brandan Mollweide (3 February 1774 – 10 March 1825) was a German mathematician and astronomer who taught in Halle and Leipzig. In trigonometry, he discovered the formula known as Mollweide's formula. He invented a map projection call ...

, German mathematician (d.

1825 Events January–March * January 4 – King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies dies in Naples and is succeeded by his son, Francis. * February 3 – Vendsyssel-Thy, once part of the Jutland peninsula forming westernmost Denmark, becomes a ...

) *

February 4 Events Pre–1600 * 211 – Following the death of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians, the empire is left in the control of his two quarrellin ...

–

Frederick Traugott Pursh Frederick Traugott Pursh (or Friedrich Traugott Pursch) (February 4, 1774 – July 11, 1820) was a German people, German–United States, American botanist. Born in Großenhain, Saxony, under the name Friedrich Traugott Pursh, he was educated at ...

, German-American botanist (d. 1820) *

–

Henry Bates Grubb Henry Bates Grubb (February 6, 1774 – March 9, 1823) was a third-generation member of the Grubb Family Iron Dynasty, the founder of the family's enterprises headquartered at Mount Hope near Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and perhaps the family's ...

, American ironmaster and businessman (d.

) *

–

Frederik Christian Kielsen Frederik Christian Kielsen (7 February 1774 Copenhagen – 18 January 1850 Frederiksberg) was a Danish schoolmaster noted for editing and publishing a series of copiously illustrated books on natural history – ''Icones amphibiorum, Icones avium, ...

, Danish naturalist (d.

) *

February 8 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Constantius III becomes co-Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 1238 – The Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir. *1250 – Seventh Crusade: Crusaders engage Ayyubid forces in the Battle of Al ...

** Karl Friedrich Heinrich, German classical philologist (d. 1838) ** Samuel Moore, American politician (d.

) ** Francisco de Paula Vieira da Silva de Tovar, 1st Viscount of Molelos, Portuguese general (d.

) *

February 9 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. * 1003 – Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I the Brave of Poland. * 1539 – The first recorded race is hel ...

William Lattimore William Lattimore (February 9, 1774 – April 3, 1843) was Delegate to the United States House of Representatives from Mississippi Territory. Biography Early life William Lattimore was born in Norfolk, Virginia on February 9, 1774. He attended ...

, American physician and politician (d. 1843) **

Juan José Viamonte Juan José Viamonte González (February 9, 1774 – March 31, 1843) was an Argentine general in the early 19th century. Life and Politics Viamonte was born in Buenos Aires and entered the army in his youth following in his father's footstep ...

, Argentine general (d. 1843) *

February 11 Events Pre-1600 *660 BC – Traditional date for the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. * 55 – The death under mysterious circumstances of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman empire, on the eve of his coming ...

Maxim Gauci Maxim Gauci (11 February 1774 – 3 November 1854), born Massimo Gauci, was a Maltese lithographer and painter who was active in the United Kingdom in the 19th century. He was an early exponent of lithography for botanical illustration. Life ...

, Maltese painter and lithographer (d.

) **

Hans Järta Hans Järta (originally Hans Hierta) (11 February 1774 – 6 April 1847) was a Swedish administrator, revolutionary and philosopher. He helped overthrow Gustavus IV Adolphus in the Coup of 1809 and was one of the main drafters of the 1809 cons ...

, Swedish politician, civil servant and administrator (d.

) *

February 12 Events Pre-1600 *1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sophie performed the first post-mortem autopsy for the purposes of teaching and demonstration at the Heiligen–Geist Spital in Vienna. *1429 – English forces under ...

–

Valentin Stanič Valentin Stanič or Stanig (12 February 1774 – 29 April 1847) was a Slovene Roman Catholic priest, mountaineer, poet, writer, translator, teacher, and cultural activist. He was born in Bodrež and died in Gorizia. Stanič spelled his surna ...

, Austrian teacher (d.

) *

February 13 Events Pre-1600 * 962 – Emperor Otto I and Pope John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome. *1322 – The central tower of Ely Cathedral falls on the night of 12th–13th. *1462 – The ...

** Robert Curzon, British Member of Parliament (d. 1863) **

Thomas Myers Thomas Myers (13 February 1774 – 21 April 1834) was an English mathematician and geographer. Early life Myers was born 13 February 1774, in Hovingham village, North Yorkshire, England.(summary only, login required for full content) Career ...

, British mathematician (d.

1834 Events January–March * January – The Wilmington and Raleigh Railroad is chartered in Wilmington, North Carolina. * January 1 – Zollverein (Germany): Customs charges are abolished at borders within its member states. * January 3 � ...

) *

February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tiberi ...

– Prince Frederick of Orange-Nassau, Dutch prince (d.

1799 Events January–June * January 9 – British Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger introduces an income tax of two shillings to the pound, to raise funds for Great Britain's war effort in the French Revolutionary Wars. * January ...

) *

February 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1249 – Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khagan of the Mongol Empire. * 1270 – Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeats the Livonian Order in the Battle of Kar ...

Étienne Guy Étienne Guy (February 16, 1774 – December 29, 1820) was a surveyor and political figure in Lower Canada. He was born in Montreal in 1774, the son of Pierre Guy, studied at the Collège Saint-Raphaël and then spent over a year at the Col ...

, Canadian politician, surveyor and militia officer (d. 1820) **

Pierre Rode Jacques Pierre Joseph Rode (16 February 1774 – 25 November 1830) was a French violinist and composer. Life and career Born in Bordeaux, Aquitaine, France, Pierre Rode traveled in 1787 to Paris and soon became a favourite pupil of the great Gi ...

, French violinist and composer (d.

1830 It is known in European history as a rather tumultuous year with the Revolutions of 1830 in France, Belgium, Poland, Switzerland and Italy. Events January–March * January 11 – LaGrange College (later the University of North Alabama) b ...

) *

February 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1370 – Northern Crusades: Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Teutonic Knights meet in the Battle of Rudau. * 1411 – Following the successful campaigns during the Ottoman Interregnum, Musa Çelebi, one of the sons of ...

Mykhailo Levytsky Mykhailo Levytskyi (or ''Mykhajlo Levitsky'' ( uk, Михайло Левицький, pl, Michał Lewicki)); 17 February, 1774 – 14 January, 1858) was the Metropolitan Archbishop of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church from 1816 until his ...

, Metropolitan of Lviv (d. 1858) **

Raphaelle Peale Raphaelle Peale (sometimes spelled Raphael Peale) (February 17, 1774 – March 4, 1825) is considered the first professional American painter of still-life. Biography Peale was born in Annapolis, Maryland, the fifth child, though eldest survivin ...

, painter from the United States (d.

) *

February 18 Events Pre-1600 * 1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Bethlehem with neither military engagements nor support from the papacy. * 1268 &ndas ...

–

William Clark William Clark (August 1, 1770 – September 1, 1838) was an American explorer, soldier, Indian agent, and territorial governor. A native of Virginia, he grew up in pre-statehood Kentucky before later settling in what became the state of Misso ...

, farmer, jurist, and politician from Dauphin, Pennsylvania (d. 1851) *

February 24 Events Pre-1600 * 484 – King Huneric of the Vandals replaces Nicene bishops with Arian ones, and banishes some to Corsica. * 1303 – The English are defeated at the Battle of Roslin, in the First War of Scottish Independence. * 13 ...

Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge, (Adolphus Frederick; 24 February 1774 – 8 July 1850) was the tenth child and seventh son of the British king George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. He held the title of Duke of Cambridge from 18 ...

, British and Hanoverian Royal (d.

) **

Archibald Constable Archibald David Constable (24 February 1774 – 21 July 1827) was a Scottish publisher, bookseller and stationer. Life Constable was born at Carnbee, Fife, son of the land steward to the Earl of Kellie. In 1788 Archibald was apprenticed to Pe ...

, Scottish printer and publisher (d.

) **

Perley Keyes Perley Keyes (February 24, 1774 in – May 13, 1834) was an American politician from New York (state), New York. Life Keyes was born in Acworth, New Hampshire, Acworth, then in Cheshire County, New Hampshire, Cheshire County, now in Sullivan Coun ...

, American politician (d.

) **

Robert S. Rose Robert Selden Rose (February 24, 1774 – November 24, 1835) was a United States House of Representatives, U.S. Representative (1823–1827) from New York (state), New York. Early life and education Born in Amherst County, Virginia, Amherst ...

, American politician (d.

) **

Alexander Wilmot Schomberg Admiral Alexander Wilmot Schomberg (24 February 1774 – 13 January 1850) was an officer of the British Royal Navy who served during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Biography Family background Schomberg was the grandson of Dr. M ...

, British Royal Navy admiral (d.

) ** Roswell Weston, American lawyer and politician (d.

) *

February 25 Events Pre-1600 * 138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor. * 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II. ...

–

George Gore George F. Gore (May 3, 1854 – September 16, 1933), nicknamed "Piano Legs", was an American center fielder in Major League Baseball who played for 14 seasons, eight for the Chicago White Stockings, five for the New York Giants, one for the St. ...

, Anglican priest in Ireland (d. 1844) *

February 26 Events Pre-1600 *747 BC – According to Ptolemy, the epoch (origin) of the Nabonassar Era began at noon on this date. Historians use this to establish the modern BC chronology for dating historic events. * 364 – Valentinian I is p ...

Joseph Bédard Joseph Bédard (October 23, 1835 – May 4, 1912) was a merchant and political figure in Quebec. He represented Richmond in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1890 to 1900 as a Conservative. He was born in Saint-Roch, Lower Canada, ...

, Canadian politician (d.

) **

William Farquhar William Farquhar ( ; 26 February 1774 – 11 May 1839) was a Scottish colonial administrator employed by the East India Company, who served as the sixth Resident of Malacca between 1813 and 1818, and the first Resident of Singapore between ...

, first British Resident and Commandant of colonial Singapore (d.

) ** Richard Rouse, public servant and settler (d.

) *

February 27 Events Pre-1600 * 380 – Edict of Thessalonica: Emperor Theodosius I and his co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II declare their wish that all Roman citizens convert to Nicene Christianity. * 425 – The University of Constantinople ...

–

Thomas Vasse Thomas Timothée Vasse (27 February 1774 in Dieppe, Seine-Maritime – presumed 8 June 1801) was a French sailor who was lost in the surf on the south west coast of Australia in 1801, and presumed drowned. From Vasse's name is taken the name ...

, sea explorer (d. 1801) *

February 28 Events Pre-1600 *202 BC – Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty. * 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople closes. *1525 – Aztec king Cuauhtémoc is executed on ...

Chamaraja Wodeyar IX Chamaraja Wodeyar IX (28 February 1774 – 17 April 1796) was the twenty-first maharaja of the Kingdom of Mysore from 1776 for two decades until 1796. Life Chamaraja Wodeyar IX was a son of Chikka Devaraj Urs of Arikuthara of the Karugahalli ...

, King of Mysore (d.

) **

Thomas Tooke Thomas Tooke (; 28 February 177426 February 1858) was an English economist known for writing on money and economic statistics. After Tooke's death the Statistical Society endowed the Tooke Chair of economics at King's College London, and a Tooke ...

, British economist (d. 1858)

March

March 1 Events Pre-1600 *509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first Roman triumph, triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor ...

Magdalene of Canossa Magdalena di Canossa (1 March 1774 – 10 April 1835) was an Italian professed religious and foundress of the two Canossian congregations. Magdalena was a leading advocate for the poor in her region after she witnessed first hand the plight o ...

, Italian Religious Sister and foundress (d.

) ** Matthias B. Tallmadge, United States federal judge (d.

1819 Events January–March * January 2 – The Panic of 1819, the first major peacetime financial crisis in the United States, begins. * January 25 – Thomas Jefferson founds the University of Virginia. * January 29 – Si ...

) *

March 2 Events Pre-1600 * 537 – Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoth army under king Vitiges begins the siege of the capital. Belisarius conducts a delaying action outside the Flaminian Gate; he and a detachment of his ''bucellarii'' are almost cut o ...

** Jean-Siméon Domon, French soldier (d.

) **

Armand Charles Guilleminot Major General Armand Charles Guilleminot (2 March 1774–14 March 1840) was a French general during the Napoleonic wars. He is described as having been very intelligent, merciful, generous, resourceful, and experienced. He achieved the Legion ...

, French general during the Napoleonic wars (d.

) *

March 4 Events Pre-1600 *AD 51 – Nero, later to become Roman emperor, is given the title '' princeps iuventutis'' (head of the youth). * 306 – Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia. * 852 – Croatian Knez Trpimir I issues a st ...

–

Joseph Hamilton Daveiss Major Joseph Hamilton Daveiss (; March 4, 1774 – November 7, 1811), a Virginia-born lawyer, received a mortal wound while commanding the Dragoons of the Kentucky Militia at the Battle of Tippecanoe. Five years earlier, Daviess had tried to warn ...

, American politician (d.

) *

March 5 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – Roman emperor Julian leaves Antioch with an army of 90,000 to attack the Sasanian Empire, in a campaign which would bring about his own death. * 1046 – Nasir Khusraw begins the seven-year Middle Eastern ...

–

Christoph Ernst Friedrich Weyse Christoph(er) Ernst Friedrich Weyse (5 March 1774 – 8 October 1842) was a Denmark, Danish composer during the Danish Golden Age. Biography Weyse was born at Altona, Hamburg, Altona in Holstein, which was in a personal union with Denmark. ...

, Danish composer (d.

) *

March 7 Events Pre-1600 * 161 – Marcus Aurelius and L. Commodus (who changes his name to Lucius Verus) become joint emperors of Rome on the death of Antoninus Pius. * 1138 – Konrad III von Hohenstaufen was elected king of Germany at Cob ...

–

Daniel Arnoldi Daniel Arnoldi (March 7, 1774 – July 19, 1849) was a Canadian doctor. He was born in Montreal and received his education in England and Montreal, obtaining his medical licence in 1795. He practised in many towns in what is now Quebec and Ontari ...

, German Canadian physician (d. 1849) *

March 9 Events Pre-1600 *141 BC – Liu Che, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China. *1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg. * 1226 – ...

Mayhew Folger Mayhew Folger (March 9, 1774 – September 1, 1828) was an American whaler who captained the sealing ship ''Topaz'' that rediscovered the Pitcairn Islands in 1808, while one of 's mutineers was still living. Early life and family Mayhew was born ...

, American whaler, captain of ''

Topaz Topaz is a silicate mineral of aluminium and fluorine with the chemical formula Al Si O( F, OH). It is used as a gemstone in jewelry and other adornments. Common topaz in its natural state is colorless, though trace element impurities can mak ...

'', rediscovered

Pitcairn Islands The Pitcairn Islands (; Pitkern: '), officially the Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands, is a group of four volcanic islands in the southern Pacific Ocean that form the sole British Overseas Territory in the Pacific Ocean. The four isl ...

in 1808 (d. 1828) **

Louis Auguste Say Louis Auguste Say (9 March 1774 in Lyon – 6 March 1840 in Paris) was a French businessman and economist. He founded large sugar refineries in Nantes and Paris, and the sugar company "Say", known after 1972 as Béghin-Say; as of 2002 it is ...

, French economist (d.

) *

– David Semyonovich Abamelik, principal (d.

) *

March 12 Events Pre-1600 * 538 – Vitiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving the city to the victorious Byzantine general, Belisarius. * 1088 – Election of Urban II as the 159th Pope of the Cat ...

Johann Caspar Horner Johann Caspar Horner (Zürich, 12 March 1774 – Zürich, 3 November 1834) was a Swiss physicist, mathematician and astronomer. Life At the beginning he wanted to be a priest, but later he went to Göttingen, where he learnt astronomy. Then he ...

, Swiss mathematician (d.

) ** John Scott, English engraver (d.

) **

Eva Unander Eva Unander, née Hjelmér (12 March 1774 - 1836) was a Swedish librarian. She was the second woman in Sweden to run a library, preceded by Cecilia Cleve, and the first to found and run a commercial lending library. Born in Arboga, she was the ...

, Swedish librarian (d.

1836 Events January–March * January 1 – Queen Maria II of Portugal marries Prince Ferdinand Augustus Francis Anthony of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. * January 5 – Davy Crockett arrives in Texas. * January 12 ** , with Charles Darwin on board, r ...

) *

March 13 Events Pre-1600 *624 – The Battle of Badr, the first major battle between the Muslims and Quraysh. *1567 – The Battle of Oosterweel, traditionally regarded as the start of the Eighty Years' War. *1591 – At the Battle of Tond ...

Rose Fortune Rose Fortune (March 13, 1774 – February 20, 1864) was a child born in or around Philadelphia of runaway slaves. Her parents became Black Loyalists during the American Revolutionary War when they pledged to be loyal to the British Army in exc ...

, Canadian businesswoman (d.

1864 Events January–March * January 13 – American songwriter Stephen Foster ("Oh! Susanna", "Old Folks at Home") dies aged 37 in New York City, leaving a scrap of paper reading "Dear friends and gentle hearts". His parlor song " ...

) **

Pierre-Narcisse Guérin Pierre-Narcisse, baron Guérin (13 March 1774 – 6 July 1833) was a French painter born in Paris. Background A pupil of Jean-Baptiste Regnault, he carried off one of the three ''grands prix'' offered in 1796, in consequence of the competition ...

, French painter (d.

) *

March 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1074 – Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland. * 1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the Huguen ...

Helena Margaretha Van Dielen Helena Margaretha Van Dielen, also known as Helena Margaretha Van Romondt, (1774–1841) was a Dutch artist, known for painting, drawing and watercolor. Her artwork subjects included flowers, and still life. She was born in Utrecht (in what is now ...

, Dutch painter (d. 1841) **

Jedediah Morgan Jedediah Morgan (March 14, 1774 – December 10, 1826) was an American farmer and politician from New York. Life He was born in North Groton, New London County, Connecticut, the son of Thomas Morgan (1742–1815) and Sarah (Leeds) Morgan (1744� ...

, American politician (d.

) *

March 15 Events Pre-1600 * 474 BC – Roman consul Aulus Manlius Vulso celebrates an ovation for concluding the war against Veii and securing a forty years' truce. *44 BC – The assassination of Julius Caesar takes place. * 493 – Odoa ...

John Conrad Otto John Conrad Otto (born near Woodbridge, New Jersey, 15 March 1774; died in Philadelphia, 26 June 1844) was a United States physician. Biography His father, Bodo Otto, was a physician, and warmly attached to the patriot cause during the American R ...

, American physician (d. 1844) **

Salomon Soldin Salomon Soldin (15 March 1774 - 27 November 1837) was a Jewish-Danish bookseller, publisher, editor, writer and translator. Early life and background Soldin was born into a Jewish family in Copenhagenm the son of Israel Isak Soldin, a merchant, a ...

, Jewish-Danish bookseller (d.

) ** Isaac Weld, Irish writer, explorer and artist (d. 1856) *

March 16 Events Pre-1600 * 934 – Meng Zhixiang declares himself emperor and establishes Later Shu as a new state independent of Later Tang. *1190 – Massacre of Jews at Clifford's Tower, York. * 1244 – Over 200 Cathars who refuse ...

** Captain

Matthew Flinders Captain Matthew Flinders (16 March 1774 – 19 July 1814) was a British navigator and cartographer who led the first inshore circumnavigation of mainland Australia, then called New Holland. He is also credited as being the first person to u ...

, English navigator and cartographer (d.

1814 Events January * January 1 – War of the Sixth Coalition – The Royal Prussian Army led by Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher crosses the Rhine. * January 3 ** War of the Sixth Coalition – Siege of Cattaro: French garrison s ...

) **

Jethro Wood Jethro Wood (March 16, 1774 – 1834) was the inventor of a cast-iron moldboard plow with replaceable parts, the first commercially successful iron moldboard plow. His invention accelerated the development of American agriculture in the ante ...

, inventor of a cast-iron moldboard plow with replaceable parts (d.

) *

March 19 Events Pre-1600 * 1277 – The Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1277 is concluded, stipulating a two-year truce and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the Byzantine Empire. *1279 – A Mongol victory at the Battle of Yamen ends ...

–

Franz von Gruithuisen Baron Franz von Paula (Franciscus de Paula) Gruithuisen (19 March 1774 – 21 June 1852) was a Bavarian physician and astronomer. He taught medical students before becoming a professor of astronomy at the University of Munich in 1826. During hi ...

, Bavarian physician and astronomer (d.

) *

March 20 Events Pre-1600 * 673 – Emperor Emperor Tenmu, Tenmu of Japan assumes the Chrysanthemum Throne at the Asuka, Yamato#Imperial Palaces, Palace of Kiyomihara in Asuka, Yamato, Asuka. *1206 – Michael IV of Constantinople, Michael IV Au ...

–

Alexandra Petrovna Golitsyna Princess Alexandra Petrovna Golitsyna (russian: Александра Петровна Голицына, née ) (1774–1842) was a maid of honour and historian of the Russian noble Protasov family. Sister to Moscow aristocrat and writer Catherine ...

, maid of honour and historian (d.

) *

March 21 Events Pre-1600 * 537 – Siege of Rome: King Vitiges attempts to assault the northern and eastern city walls, but is repulsed at the Praenestine Gate, known as the ''Vivarium'', by the defenders under the Byzantine generals Bessas an ...

–

George Scovell General Sir George Scovell, (21 March 1774 – 17 January 1861) was a member of the quartermaster's staff of the British Army in Iberia during the Peninsular War. Military career Scovell's parents were George Scovell of Cirencester and the da ...

, British Army general (d.

) *

March 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1199 – King Richard I of England is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting in France, leading to his death on April 6. *1387 – English victory over a Franco- Castilian-Flemish fleet in the Battle of Margate off ...

–

Jean-Louis-Auguste Loiseleur-Deslongchamps Jean-Louis-Auguste Loiseleur-Deslongchamps (24 March 1774, in Dreux, Eure-et-Loir – 8 May 1849, in Paris) was a French physician and botanist. He was the author of and contributor of a number of works on medicine and botany. He was elected ...

, French botanist (d. 1849) * March 25 **

Thomas Brand, 20th Baron Dacre Thomas Brand, 20th Baron Dacre (25 March 1774 – 21 March 1851) was a British peer and Whig politician. Background Dacre was the eldest son of Thomas Brand, of The Hoo, Hertfordshire, and Gertrude, 19th Baroness Dacre, daughter of the Hon. Cha ...

, British politician (d. 1851) **

Thomas Spalding Thomas Spalding (March 25, 1774 – January 4, 1851) was a United States representative from Georgia. He was born in Frederica, Georgia, St. Simons Island, Glynn County, Georgia. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1795, but did not ...

, American politician (d. 1851) *

March 30 Events Pre-1600 * 598 – Balkan Campaign: The Avars lift the siege at the Byzantine stronghold of Tomis. Their leader Bayan I retreats north of the Danube River after the Avaro- Slavic hordes are decimated by the plague. * 1282 &ndas ...

– Nathaniel Peabody, Boston (d. 1855) *

Enos Bronson Enos Bronson (March 31, 1774 – April 22, 1823) was an American writer and newspaper publisher. A graduate of Yale College, he became the first head of the newly founded Deerfield Academy. Background Born in Waterbury, Connecticut on March 31, 1 ...

, American writer (d.

) ** Karl Gottfried Erdmann, German author and botanist (d.

)

April

April 1 Events Pre-1600 * 33 – According to one historian's account, Jesus Christ's Last Supper is held. * 527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne. *1081 – Alexios I Kom ...

** Gottfried Daniel Krummacher, German clergyman (d.

) **

Gustav von Rauch Johann Justus Georg Gustav von Rauch (1 April 1774, in Braunschweig – 2 April 1841, in Berlin) was a Prussian general of the infantry and Minister of War from 1837 to 1841. Life Gustav von Rauch was born as the eldest son of the later ...

, Prussian general (d. 1841) **

Therese Rosenbaum Therese Rosenbaum, or Therese Rosembaum-Gassmann (originally Maria Theresia Josepha Gassmann: 1 April 1774 – 8 September 1837) ...

, Austrian opera singer (d.

) * April 5 – Thomas Potter, British politician (d.

) *

April 6 Events Pre–1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato (Cato the Younger) at the Battle of Thapsus. * 402 – Stilicho defeats the Visigoths under Alaric in the Battle of Pollentia. *132 ...

José de Córdoba y Rojas José María Fernández de Córdoba y Rojas (also José de Córdoba) (6 April 1774 in San Fernando, Cádiz – 15 December 1810 in Potosí), was a Spanish military who played an important role in the early stages of the Argentine War of Indep ...

, Spanish admiral (d.

1810 Events January–March * January 1 – Major-General Lachlan Macquarie officially becomes Governor of New South Wales. * January 4 – Australian seal hunter Frederick Hasselborough discovers Campbell Island, in the Subantarctic. * Janua ...

) **

Marmaduke Williams Marmaduke Williams (April 6, 1774 – October 29, 1850) was a Democratic-Republican U.S. Congressman from North Carolina from 1803 to 1809. Born in Caswell County, North Carolina, Williams studied law and was admitted to the North Carolina bar. H ...

, American politician (d.

) *

April 7 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town. * 529 – First ''Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Empe ...

Joseph Bailly Joseph Bailly (7 April 1774 – 21 December 1835) was a fur trader and a member of an important French Canadian family that included his uncle, Charles-François Bailly de Messein. Bailly was one of several Canadian from prominent families ...

, fur trader and pioneer from Canada (d.

) **

Robert William Elliston Robert William Elliston (7 April 1774 – 7 July 1831) was an English actor and theatre manager. Life He was born in London, the son of a watchmaker. He was educated at St Paul's School, but ran away from home and made his first appearance on ...

, British actor (d. 1831) **

Abner Kneeland Abner Kneeland (April 7, 1774 – August 27, 1844) was an American evangelist and theologian who advocated views on women's rights, racial equality, and religious skepticism that were radical for his day. As a young man, Kneeland was a lay preach ...

, United States theologian (d. 1844) *

April 8 Events Pre-1600 * 217 – Roman emperor Caracalla is assassinated and is succeeded by his Praetorian Guard prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus. * 876 – The Battle of Dayr al-'Aqul saves Baghdad from the Saffarids. *1139 – Ro ...

Kaspar Anton Karl van Beethoven Kaspar Anton Karl van Beethoven (baptized 8 April 1774 – 15 November 1815) was a brother of the composer Ludwig van Beethoven. Youth Kaspar van Beethoven was born in Bonn, the second son of Johann van Beethoven and Maria Magdalena Keverich. He ...

, brother of Ludwig van Beethoven (d.

1815 Events January * January 2 – Lord Byron marries Anna Isabella Milbanke in Seaham, county of Durham, England. * January 3 – Austria, Britain, and Bourbon-restored France form a secret defensive alliance treaty against Prussi ...

) ** Jean-Pierre Dellard, French general (d.

) **

James William Freshfield James William Freshfield (8 April 1774 – 27 June 1864) was an English lawyer and founder of the international law firm of Freshfields. He was also a Conservative politician and Member of Parliament, representing the seats of Penryn and Boston. ...

, English lawyer and founder of the law firm Freshfields (d.

) *

April 9 Events Pre-1600 * 193 – The distinguished soldier Septimius Severus is proclaimed emperor by the army in Illyricum. * 475 – Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (''Enkyklikon'') to the bishops of his empire, s ...

– John Stanly, American politician (d.

) *

April 11 Events Pre-1600 * 491 – Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine emperor, with the name of Anastasius I. * 1241 – Batu Khan defeats Béla IV of Hungary at the Battle of Mohi. * 1512 – War of the League of Cambrai: Franco-Ferra ...

Michele Carrascosa Michele Carrascosa (1774–1853) was a Neapolitan general and politician. Born to a Spanish family in Naples that came to Italy with Charles III of Spain, Carrascosa was, along with his brother Rafaelle, a career soldier. He fought against the F ...

, Italian politician (d. 1853) ** Conrad Hinrich Donner, German banker and art collector (d.

) **

Lawrence Augustine Washington Lawrence Augustine Washington (April 11, 1774 – February 15, 1824) was a nephew of United States President George Washington and son of Samuel Washington and his fourth wife, Anne Steptoe. Lawrence was born at Harewood in what is now Jefferso ...

, Nephew of George Washington (d. 1824) *

April 12 Events Pre-1600 * 240 – Shapur I becomes co-emperor of the Sasanian Empire with his father Ardashir I. * 467 – Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 627 – King Edwin of Northumbria is converted ...

** Johann Baptist Krebs, German writer and director (d. 1851) ** Leffert Lefferts, the first President of the Long Island Bank, the first bank in Brooklyn, New York (d.

) *

April 13 Events Pre-1600 *1111 – Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. * 1204 – Constantinople falls to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, temporarily ending the Byzantine Empire. 1601–1900 *1612 – In one of the epic samurai ...

– John W. Mulligan, attorney, U.S. Consul in Athens, Greece (d.

1862 Events January–March * January 1 – The United Kingdom annexes Lagos Island, in modern-day Nigeria. * January 6 – French intervention in Mexico: French, Spanish and British forces arrive in Veracruz, Mexico. * January ...

) *

April 15 Events Pre-1600 * 769 – The Lateran Council ends by condemning the Council of Hieria and anathematizing its iconoclastic rulings. * 1071 – Bari, the last Byzantine possession in southern Italy, is surrendered to Robert Guiscar ...

–

Sophie Thalbitzer Sophie Thalbitzer (née Zinn, 15 April 1774 – 27 December 1851) was a Denmark, Danish memoirist known for ''Grandma's Confessions'' ( da, Grandmamas Bekiendelser), which offers a rare first-hand account of everyday life for a child and young wom ...

, Danish writer (d. 1851) *

April 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1457 BC – Battle of Megido - the first battle to have been recorded in what is accepted as relatively reliable detail. * 69 – Defeated by Vitellius' troops at Bedriacum, Otho commits suicide. * 73 – Masad ...

** George Bennet, English missionary (d. 1841) **

Franz Hegi Franz Hegi (Lausanne, 16 April 1774 - Zürich , neighboring_municipalities = Adliswil, Dübendorf, Fällanden, Kilchberg, Maur, Oberengstringen, Opfikon, Regensdorf, Rümlang, Schlieren, Stallikon, Uitikon, Urdorf, Wallisellen, Zollikon ...

, Swiss artist (d.

) *

Friedrich Koenig Friedrich Gottlob Koenig (17 April 1774 – 17 January 1833) was a German inventor best known for his high-speed steam-powered printing press, which he built together with watchmaker Andreas Friedrich Bauer. This new style of printing press ...

, German printer (d.

) **

Robert Spankie Robert Spankie (17 April 1774 – 2 November 1842) was a Scottish-born journalist, barrister and politician who spent most of his career and life in England and India. Born in Falkland, Fife, he was the son of a Church of Scotland Minister. He ...

, British politician, barrister (d.

) **

Václav Tomášek Václav Jan Křtitel Tomášek (in German: Wenzel Johann Tomaschek; 17 April 1774, Skuteč, Bohemia – 3 April 1850, Prague) was an Austrian-Bohemian, by other accounts a Czech composer and music teacher. He was known as the Musical Pope of P ...

, Czech music educator and composer (d.

) *

April 18 Events Pre-1600 * 796 – King Æthelred I of Northumbria is murdered in Corbridge by a group led by his ealdormen, Ealdred and Wada. The ''patrician'' Osbald is crowned, but abdicates within 27 days. * 1428 – Peace of Ferrara betw ...

Antonio Basoli Antonio Basoli (1774–1848) was an Italian painter, interior designer, scenic designer, and engraver, active mostly in Bologna. Biography He was born in Castel Guelfo. His first teacher was his father, Lelio Andrea Basoli. His education was mo ...

, Italian painter (d. 1848) **

Madhavrao II Madhav Rao Bhat II (18 April 1774 – 27 October 1795) was the 12th Peshwa of the Maratha Empire in India, from his infancy. He was known as Sawai Madhav Rao or Madhav Rao Narayan. He was the posthumous son of Narayanrao Peshwa, murdered in 177 ...

, 12th Peshwa of Maratha Empire (d. 1795) **

Georg von Langsdorff Georg Heinrich Freiherr von Langsdorff (8 April 1774 – 9 June 1852) was a German natural history, naturalist and explorer, as well as a Russian diplomat, better known by his Russian name, Grigori Ivanovich Langsdorf. He was a naturalist and ph ...

, Russian-German scientist (d.

) *

–

Friedrich Wilhelm Riemer Friedrich Wilhelm Riemer (19 April 1774 – 19 December 1845) was a German scholar and literary historian. He worked in the households of Wilhelm von Humboldt and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Biography Riemer was born at Glatz. He studied th ...

, German writer (d.

) *

April 21 Events Pre-1600 *753 BC – Romulus founds Rome ( traditional date). * 43 BC – Battle of Mutina: Mark Antony is again defeated in battle by Aulus Hirtius, who is killed. Antony fails to capture Mutina and Decimus Brutus is murdered ...

** Jean-Louis Aumer, French ballet dancer and choreographer (d.

) **

Jean-Baptiste Biot Jean-Baptiste Biot (; ; 21 April 1774 – 3 February 1862) was a French physicist, astronomer, and mathematician who co-discovered the Biot–Savart law of magnetostatics with Félix Savart, established the reality of meteorites, made an early ba ...

, French physicist, astronomer and mathematician (d.

) ** Philibert Jean-Baptiste Curial, French general (d. 1829) *

April 23 Events Pre-1600 * 215 BC – A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at Lake Trasimene. * 599 – Maya king Uneh Chan of Calakmul attacks rival city-state Palenque in southe ...

–

Francis Austen Admiral of the Fleet Sir Francis William Austen, (23 April 1774 – 10 August 1865) was a Royal Navy officer and an elder brother of the novelist Jane Austen. As commanding officer of the sloop HMS ''Peterel'', he captured some 40 ships, was ...

, British Royal Navy officer (d.

1865 Events January–March * January 4 – The New York Stock Exchange opens its first permanent headquarters at Broad Street (Manhattan), 10-12 Broad near Wall Street, in New York City. * January 13 – American Civil War : Sec ...

) *

April 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th dynasty). * 1183 BC – Traditional reckoning of the Fall of Troy m ...

–

Jean Marc Gaspard Itard Jean Marc Gaspard Itard (24 April 1774, Oraison, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence – 5 July 1838, Paris) was a French physician born in Provence. He is perhaps best known for his work with Victor of Aveyron. Biography Itard, without a university e ...

, French physician (d. 1838) *

April 25 Events Pre-1600 * 404 BC – Admiral Lysander and King Pausanias of Sparta blockade Athens and bring the Peloponnesian War to a successful conclusion. * 775 – The Battle of Bagrevand puts an end to an Armenian rebellion against the ...

– Friedrich Wilhelm von Lepel, Prussian major general and adjutant to Prince Henry of Prussia (d.

) *

April 26 Events Pre-1600 * 1336 – Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) ascends Mont Ventoux. *1348 – Czech king Karel IV founds the Charles University in Prague, which was later named after him and was the first university in Central Europe. * 1 ...

Christian Leopold von Buch Christian Leopold von Buch (26 April 1774 – 4 March 1853), usually cited as Leopold von Buch, was a German geologist and paleontologist born in Stolpe an der Oder (now a part of Angermünde, Brandenburg) and is remembered as one of the most im ...

, German geologist (d. 1853) **

Anne Jean Marie René Savary Anne Jean Marie René Savary, 1st Duke of Rovigo (26 April 17742 June 1833) was a French military officer and diplomat who served in the French Revolutionary Wars, the Napoleonic Wars and the French invasion of Algeria. He was Minister of Police ...

, French general (d.

) *

April 28 Events Pre-1600 * 224 – The Battle of Hormozdgan is fought. Ardashir I defeats and kills Artabanus V effectively ending the Parthian Empire. * 357 – Emperor Constantius II enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victory ...

Francis Baily Francis Baily (28 April 177430 August 1844) was an English astronomer. He is most famous for his observations of "Baily's beads" during a total eclipse of the Sun. Baily was also a major figure in the early history of the Royal Astronomical S ...

, British astronomer (d. 1844) **

Henrietta Bentinck, Duchess of Portland Henrietta Bentinck, Duchess of Portland (1774 – 24 April 1844), formerly Henrietta Scott, was the wife of William Bentinck, 4th Duke of Portland. Henrietta was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, and was the eldest daughter and the heiress of Majo ...

, British noble (d. 1844) **

James Deacon Hume James Deacon Hume (1774 – 1842) was an English official, an economic writer and advocate of free trade. Life The son of James Hume, a commissioner and afterwards secretary of the customs, he was born at Newington, Surrey, on 28 April 1774, and ...

, British economist (d.

) ** Owen Biddle Jr., American architect (d.

) **

Manuel Piar Manuel Carlos María Francisco Piar Gómez (April 28, 1774 – October 16, 1817) was General-in-Chief of the army fighting Spain during the Venezuelan War of Independence. Heritage and early life The son of Fernando Alonso Piar y Lottyn, a Span ...

, Venezuelan general (d. 1817) *

April 29 Events Pre-1600 * 1091 – Battle of Levounion: The Pechenegs are defeated by Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos. * 1386 – Battle of the Vikhra River: The Principality of Smolensk is defeated by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and b ...

Louis Pierre Aimé Chastel Louis Pierre Aimé Chastel (29 April 1774, in Veigy, near Carouge, Savoy – 26 September 1826, in Geneva) was a French officer in the Napoleonic Wars, who rose to lieutenant general of cavalry. Early career Chastel first joined up in 1792, in the ...

, French officer (d.

) **

Anna Gottlieb Maria Anna Josepha Francisca Gottlieb (29 April 1774 – 4 February 1856) was an Austrian soprano. She was the first Pamina in Mozart's opera ''The Magic Flute''. She was born in Vienna as one of four sisters. Her parents were actors who work ...

, Austrian singer (d. 1856) ** David Hoadley, American architect (d.

) ** Richard Sass, British artist (d. 1849) *

April 30 Events Pre-1600 * 311 – The Diocletianic Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire ends. * 1315 – Enguerrand de Marigny is hanged at the instigation of Charles, Count of Valois. *1492 – Spain gives Christopher Columbus hi ...

– John Yelloly, English doctor (d.

)

May

May 1 Events Pre-1600 * 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor. * 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches. *1169 – N ...

** John Reeves, English naturalist (d. 1856) **

Robert Watt Robert Douglas Watt, (born 1945) is a former Canadian museum curator and officer of arms who served as the first Chief Herald of Canada. He was appointed at the foundation of the Canadian Heraldic Authority in 1988, and he was succeeded by Cla ...

, Scottish physician and bibliographer (d.

) *

May 2 Events Pre-1600 * 1194 – King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. * 1230 – William de Braose is hanged by Prince Llywelyn the Great. * 1536 – Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, is arrested and impris ...

George Lewis George Lewis may refer to: Entertainment and art * George B. W. Lewis (1818–1906), circus rider and theatre manager in Australia * George E. Lewis (born 1952), American composer and free jazz trombonist * George J. Lewis (1903–1995), Mexica ...

, Royal Marines officer (d.

) ** Ichijō Tadayoshi, Japanese kugyō (court noble) of the Edo period (d.

) *

May 4 Events Pre-1600 * 1256 – The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV issues a papal bull ''Licet ecclesiae catholicae''. * 1415 – Religious reformers John Wycliffe and Jan Hus are ...

** Samuel W. Bridgham, Rhode Island politician (d.

) **

Rufus Easton Rufus Easton (May 4, 1774 – July 5, 1834) was an American attorney, politician, and postmaster. He served as a non-voting delegate to the United States House of Representatives from the Missouri Territory prior to statehood. After statehood he b ...

, American politician (d.

) *

May 5 Events Pre-1600 * 553 – The Second Council of Constantinople begins. *1215 – Rebel barons renounce their allegiance to King John of England — part of a chain of events leading to the signing of the Magna Carta. *1260 – Kub ...

Robert Barrie Rear-Admiral Sir Robert Barrie KCB, KCH (5 May 1774 – 7 June 1841) was a British officer of the Royal Navy noted for his service in the War of 1812. He was helped early in his naval career by the patronage of his uncle, Sir Alan Gardner ...

, British naval officer (d. 1841) ** Nicolas Hyacinthe Gautier, French officer (d.

1809 Events January–March * January 5 – The Treaty of the Dardanelles, between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Ottoman Empire, is concluded. * January 10 – Peninsular War – French Marshal Jean ...

) *

May 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1527 – Spanish and German troops sack Rome; many scholars consider this the end of the Renaissance. * 1536 – The Siege of Cuzco commences, in which Incan forces attempt to retake the city of Cuzco from the Sp ...

Pierce Butler Pierce or Piers Butler may refer to: *Piers Butler, 8th Earl of Ormond (c. 1467 – 26 August 1539), Anglo-Irish nobleman in the Peerage of Ireland *Piers Butler, 3rd Viscount Galmoye (1652–1740), Anglo-Irish nobleman in the Peerage of Ireland *Pi ...

, British politician (d.

) **

John Elias John Elias was a Christian preacher in Wales in the first half of the 19th century, as part of the Welsh Methodist revival. His preaching was noted as being exceptionally powerful, "as if talking fire down from heaven". On one occasion it is sa ...

, Welsh writer and preacher (d. 1841) **

Christoph von Lieven Prince Christoph Heinrich von Lieven (russian: Христофор Андреевич Ливен, Khristofor Andreyevich Liven; 6 May 1774 – 10 January 1839) was a Baltic German nobleman, Russian general, ambassador to London in 1812–1834, and ...

, Russian general and prince (d.

) *

May 7 Events Pre-1600 * 351 – The Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus breaks out after his arrival at Antioch. * 558 – In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses, twenty years after its construction. Justinian I imm ...

William Bainbridge William Bainbridge (May 7, 1774July 27, 1833) was a Commodore in the United States Navy. During his long career in the young American Navy he served under six presidents beginning with John Adams and is notable for his many victories at sea. He ...

, United States Navy officer (d.

) **

Jonathan Makepeace Jonathan Makepeace also known as Major Makepeace was an American businessman and political figure who manufactured snuff and held political office in Saugus, Massachusetts. Early life Makepeace was born on May 7, 1774, in Norton, Massachusetts. ...

, U.S. politician (d.

) *

May 11 Events 1601–1900 *1812 – Prime Minister Spencer Perceval is Assassination of Spencer Perceval, assassinated by John Bellingham in the lobby of the British House of Commons. *1813 – William Lawson (explorer), William Lawson, Grego ...

–

James Townley Rev. James Townley (6 May 1714 – 15 July 1778) was an English dramatist, the second son of Charles Townley, a merchant. Early life, education and marriage Townley was born in 1714 probably at Tower Hill, London, the second son of Charles Town ...

, English Wesleyan minister and author (d.

) *

May 12 Events Pre-1600 * 254 – Pope Stephen I succeeds Pope Lucius I, becoming the 23rd pope of the Catholic Church, and immediately takes a stand against Novatianism. * 907 – Zhu Wen forces Emperor Ai into abdicating, ending the Tang d ...

** Ellis Cunliffe Lister, British politician (d. 1853) ** Samuel Owen, British-Swedish engineer (d.

) ** Friederike von Reden, German noblewoman, philanthropist and salon-holder (d.

) *

May 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1027 – Robert II of France names his son Henry I as junior King of the Franks. *1097 – The Siege of Nicaea begins during the First Crusade. * 1264 – Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured and forc ...

Joseph Bouchette Lt.-Colonel Joseph Bouchette (May 14, 1774 – April 8, 1841) was the Canadian Surveyor-General of British North America. His book, ''Topographical Description of the Province of Lower Canada'' was published at London in 1815 and also translated i ...

, Canadian surveyor (d. 1841) ** Thomas Pakenham, 2nd Earl of Longford, Anglo-Irish peer (d.

) * May 15 – Johann Nepomuk von Fuchs, German chemist and mineralogist (d. 1856) * May 16 – Johann Baptist von Keller, Roman Catholic bishop (d.

) * May 18 – Gaetano Rossi, Italian librettist (d. 1855) * May 21 ** Claude Antoine Compère, French general (d. 1812) ** Jean-Henry-Louis Greffulhe, French private banker and politician (d. 1820) * May 22 ** James Bennett (minister), James Bennett, British minister (d.

) ** Levi Cutter, American businessman politician (d. 1856) * May 24 ** Sir Charles Burrell, 3rd Baronet, English Conservative politician (d.

) ** Stuart Corbett, Archdeacon of York (d.

) ** Francis Magan, United Irishman, barrister and informer (d. 1843) * May 25 ** Isaach Isaachsen, Norwegian politician (d. 1828) ** John Pye-Smith, English theologian (d. 1851) * May 26 – Jean-Nicolas Curély, French cavalry officer (d.

) * May 27 – Francis Beaufort, Irish hydrographer and naval officer (d.

) * May 28 – Edward Charles Howard, British chemist (d. 1816)

June

* June 1 ** Pryse Pryse, British Whig politician (d. 1849) ** Ferdinand Weerth, German theologian (d.

) *

– William Lawson (explorer), William Lawson, English-born Australian explorer and politician (d.

) * June 3 ** John Roblin, Canadian politician (d. 1813) ** Robert Tannahill, Scottish poet (d.

) * June 5 ** Louis Victorin Cassagne, French officer (d. 1841) ** Charles Bulkeley Egerton, British Army general (d.

) * June 6 ** Sir John D'Oyly, 1st Baronet, of Kandy, British colonial administrator (d. 1824) ** János Nepomuk Farkas, Hungarian politician (d.

) ** Étienne Soulange-Bodin, French agronomist (d.

) * June 8 – Henry Philip Hope, Anglo-Dutch art and gem collector (d.

) * June 9 ** Pierre-Athanase Chauvin, French painter (d.

) ** Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, Austrian orientalist (d. 1856) ** Edward King (Royal Navy officer), Edward King, Royal Navy officer (d. 1807) ** Nathaniel Upham, American politician (d. 1829) ** Christopher Wordsworth (divine), Christopher Wordsworth, English divine and scholar (d.

) * June 10 ** George Dollond, British astronomer (d.

) ** Carl Haller von Hallerstein, German architect (d. 1817) * June 11 ** Christian Conrad Danneskiold-Samsøe, Danish aristocrat, magistrate and businessman (d.

) ** George Suttor, farmer and pioneer settler in New South Wales, Australia (d. 1859) * June 13 – Jacob Lindley, Founder of Ohio University (d.

) * June 14 ** David Low Dodge, American theologian (d.

) ** Johann Karl Freiesleben, German miner and geologist (d.

) * June 17 – Asahel Stearns, American politician (d.

) * June 18 ** Charles Elphinstone Fleeming, British politician and Royal Navy admiral (d.

) ** Pavel Alexandrovich Stroganov, Russian military commander and statesman (d. 1817) * June 19 ** Aloys von Kaunitz-Rietberg, German nobleman and a diplomat of the Austrian Empire (d. 1848) ** Egerton Smith, British magazine publisher, editor (d. 1841) ** Leonard Woods (theologian), Leonard Woods, American theologian (d.

) * June 21 ** James Patton Preston, American politician (d. 1843) ** Daniel D. Tompkins, List of Vice Presidents of the United States, 6th Vice President of the United States (d.

) * June 23 ** François Antoine Lallemand, French general (d.

) ** Matthijs Siegenbeek, Dutch academic (d.

) * June 24 ** Antonio González de Balcarce, Argentine general (d.

) ** John Cole (music publisher), John Cole, American music publisher (d. 1855) ** Princess Caroline of Gloucester, British princess (d.

) ** François-Nicolas-Benoît Haxo, French general (d. 1838) ** Claude Charles Marie du Campe de Rosamel, French naval minister (d. 1848) ** Azariah Shadrach, Welsh minister (d. 1844) ** Edward Taylor (MP for Canterbury), Edward Taylor, British politician (d. 1843) * June 25 – James Gage, Canadian businessman (d.

) * June 29 – Princess Amalie of Hesse-Homburg, Consort of Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (d.

)

July

* July 5 ** George Butler (headmaster), George Butler, English schoolmaster and divine (d. 1853) ** Charles Herbert (Royal Navy officer, born 1774), Charles Herbert, British politician (d. 1808) * July 7 – Louis Auguste Marchand Plauzonne, French general (d. 1812) * July 9 – Marcia Arbuthnot, lady-in-waiting (d.

) * July 10 – Isaac Bullard (Massachusetts politician), Isaac Bullard, American politician (d. 1808) * July 11 ** Robert Jameson, British scientist; (d.

) ** Somerset Lowry-Corry, 2nd Earl Belmore, Irish nobleman and politician (d. 1841) ** Axel Otto Mörner, Swedish count, general, politician and artist (d.

) * July 12 ** Jean-Francois Coindet, physiologist (d.

) ** James Stuart (1774–1833), James Stuart, politician (d.

) * July 14 ** Hans Graf von Bülow, German noble (d.

) ** Ferdinand Hartmann, German painter (d.

) ** Francis Lathom, British writer (d.

) * July 17 – John Wilbur (Quaker minister), John Wilbur, American Quaker minister (d. 1856) * July 20 ** Edward Pelham Brenton, British Royal Navy officer & historian (d.

) ** Auguste de Marmont, French General, nobleman and Marshal of France (d.

) * July 24 – Franz von Klebelsberg zu Thumburg, Czech nobleman (d.

) * July 26 – Ernst Ludwig von Tippelskirch, Prussian army officer (d.

) * July 28 ** Elias Walker Durnford, British Army general (d.

) ** John West (Royal Navy officer), John West, British Royal Navy officer (d.

) * July 29 – Edward Wakefield (statistician), Edward Wakefield, English statistician (d.

) * July 30 – Charles de Graimberg, French art collector and painter (d.

) * July 31 ** Jonathan Richmond, American politician (d. 1853) ** Diodata Saluzzo Roero, Italian writer and poet (d.

)

August

** John Adam (silversmith), John Adam, silversmith (d. 1848) ** Jérôme Demers, Québécois priest and teacher of philosophy (d. 1853) ** Friedrich Guimpel, German illustrator, engraver and botanical artist (d.

) * August 2 – Ole Clausen Mørch, Norwegian politician (d. 1829) * August 5 ** Karl Wilhelm Bardou, German portraitist, active 1797–1842 (d.

) ** John C. Devereux, American politician (d. 1848) *

– Asa Wells, pioneer farmer and surveyor from Pompey (d. 1859) * August 7 ** François Benjamin Levrault, French politician (d. 1855) ** William Morgan (anti-Mason), William Morgan, resident of Batavia, New York (d.

) * August 9 ** George Frederick Beltz, British genealogist (d. 1841) ** Solomon Van Rensselaer, American politician and soldier (d.

) * August 11 ** Eugène François d'Arnauld, French public official (d.

) ** Joseph Franque, French painter (d.

) ** Manuel de Sarratea, Argentine politician (d. 1849) ** François Tassé, Canadian politician (d.

) * August 12 ** Jean François Boissonade de Fontarabie, historian from France (d.

) ** Hannah Kilham, Methodist missionary (d.

) ** Stephen Peter Rigaud, English mathematical historian and astronomer (d.

) ** Robert Southey, English romantic poet (d. 1843) * August 13 ** Hipólito da Costa, Brazilian journalist and diplomat (d.

) ** John Wilson (painter, born 1774), John Wilson, Scottish landscape and marine painter (d. 1855) * August 15 – François-Joseph-Marie Fayolle, French musicologist, man of letters and mathematician (d.

) * August 17 ** George E. Blake, American music publisher (d. 1871) ** Stephan von Breuning (librettist), Stephan von Breuning, German librettist and author (d.

) * August 18 ** Gaspard Laurent Bayle, French physician (d. 1816) ** Meriwether Lewis, American explorer, soldier and public administrator (d.

) * August 19 – Denis-Benjamin Viger, Lower Canadian politician (d.

) * August 20 ** Ludvig Frederik Brock, Norwegian military officer (d. 1853) ** Bernardo Gutiérrez de Lara, Governor of Tamaulipas (d. 1841) * August 22 ** François Aregnaudeau, French privateer captain (d. 1812) ** Bartholomäus Herder, German publisher (d.

) * August 23 ** Pierre David de Colbert-Chabanais, French general (d. 1853) ** Jacob Crocheron, American politician (d. 1849) ** Mary Moody Emerson, American writer (d. 1863) ** William Plunkett Maclay, American politician (d.

) * August 24 – Anton Ludwig Ernst Horn, German physician (d. 1848) * August 25 – Samuel William Manthey, Norwegian politician (d.

) * August 26 – Sir John Lubbock, 2nd Baronet, English banker, politician (d.

) * August 28 – Elizabeth Ann Seton, co-founder of Mount St. Mary's University in the United States, founder of the Sisters of Charity (d. 1821) * August 30 – Henri Van Assche, painter (d. 1841) * August 31 – Charles Turner (engraver), Charles Turner, English engraver (d.

)

September

** George Platt (politician), George Platt, Canadian politician (d. 1816) ** Jane Stewart, Countess of Galloway, British noble (d.

) *

** Enos Collins, Canadian businessman (d. 1871) ** Caspar David Friedrich, German painter (d.

) * September 7 ** Johann Jakob Bernhardi, German physician and botanist (d.

) ** Colin Halkett, British Army general (d. 1856) * September 8 ** Richard Ashley (musician), Richard Ashley, English viola player (d.

) ** Anne Catherine Emmerich, German Augustinian Canoness, mystic, Marian visionary, ecstatic and stigmatist (d. 1824) * September 9 – Salomon Mayer von Rothschild, Austrian banker and businessman (d. 1855) * September 14 ** Lord William Bentinck, First Governor General of India British soldier and statesman (d.

) ** Georges Boisot, Minister of Interior of the Helvetic Republic (d. 1853) ** Henry Ridgely Warfield, American politician (d.

) *

** Robert Hastings Hunkins, American politician (d. 1853) ** María Nicolasa de Iturbide, princess of Iturbide (d.

) * September 17 ** William Fitzwilliam Owen, British Royal Navy admiral (d.

) ** Patrick Syme, Scottish painter (d.

) * September 19 ** Giuseppe Caspar Mezzofanti, Italian cardinal and hyperpolyglot (d. 1849) ** Coulson Wallop, English politician (d. 1807) *

– John Peter Grant (MP), John Peter Grant, Scottish politician (d. 1848) * September 24 ** Robert Gilmor Jr., shipowner and art collector (d. 1848) ** Michael Linning, Writer to the Signet; Scottish solicitor (d. 1838) ** Mariano Sánchez de Loria, Argentine politician (d.

) * September 25 ** Judith Lomax, American poet and religious writer (d. 1828) ** Nikolaus von Maillot de la Treille, German general (d.

) * September 26 – Johnny Appleseed, (John Chapman), American nurseryman and Swedenborgian missionary, plants apple tree nurseries in Ohio, Indiana and Illinois (d.

) * September 27 ** John Griscom, American chemist (d.

) ** Bredo Henrik von Munthe af Morgenstierne Sr., Norwegian jurist (d.

) * September 28 ** Sir James Colquhoun, 3rd Baronet, of Luss, politician (d.

) ** Sebastian von Schrenck, German politician (d. 1848) * September 30 ** Charles-Étienne Chaussegros de Léry, Canadian politician (d.

) ** George Mathews (judge), George Mathews, American judge (d.

)

October

* October 2 – Johannes Spitler, American painter of furniture (d.

) * October 4 ** Francis Ommanney, British MP (d.

) ** Henry Siddons, British actor (d.

) * October 7 ** Ferdinando Orlandi, Italian composer (d. 1848) ** Jean Thienpont, Belgian politician and lawyer (d. 1863) * October 8 ** Henry Duncan (minister), Henry Duncan, British geologist, priest and social reformer (d.

) ** John Ely (representative), John Ely, American politician (d. 1849) ** Teis Lundegaard, Norwegian politician (d. 1856) *

– Peter Nourse, American clergyman (d.

) * October 12 ** George J. F. Clarke, prominent citizen of East Florida (d.

) ** Karoline von Feuchtersleben, German noblewoman (d.

) ** Luis Eduardo Pérez, President of Uruguay (d. 1841) * October 13 ** William Astell, English banker and politician (d.

) ** Samuel McKee (politician, born 1774), Samuel McKee, American politician and lawyer (d.

) * October 15 – John Boit, one of the first Americans involved in the maritime fur trade (d. 1829) * October 18 ** Adolf Müllner, German writer (d. 1829) ** Sarah Thompson, Countess Rumford, philanthropist (d.

) * October 19 – Charles Cornwallis, 2nd Marquess Cornwallis, British noble (d.

) *

– Archibald Campbell (British Army officer, born 1774), Archibald Campbell, British Army officer (d. 1838) * October 23 ** Adam Otto von Bistram, Baltic German military personnel in Imperial Russian service (d. 1828) ** René de Chazet, French writer (d. 1844) *

– Albert Gregorius, Belgian painter (d. 1853) * October 27 – Alexander Baring, 1st Baron Ashburton, British politician (d. 1848) * October 28 ** John Boyle (congressman), John Boyle, United States federal judge and member of the U.S. House of Representatives (d.

) ** Konstanty Adam Czartoryski, Polish noble and art collector (d.

) * October 29 – Augustin Joseph Caron, French military officer (d. 1822) * October 30 ** Pierre Barrois, French soldier and officer (d.

) ** Clarkson Crolius, American politician (d. 1843)

November

* November 1 ** Alexander Caldwell (Virginia judge), Alexander Caldwell, American judge (d.

) ** René Perin, French playwright (d. 1858) * November 2 – Georges-Simon Serullas, French pharmacist (d.

) * November 3 – Jakov Jakšić, Serbian postmaster (d. 1848) *

** Robert Allan (poet), Robert Allan, poet (d. 1841) ** Johannes P. Bøe, Norwegian politician (d. 1859) ** Carlos María de Bustamante, Mexican politician (d. 1848) ** John Warrock, American publisher (d. 1858) ** Ignaz Heinrich von Wessenberg, German historian (d.

) * November 5 ** William Berry (genealogist), William Berry, English genealogist (d. 1851) ** Johann Christian August Clarus, German surgeon (d.

) * November 6 ** David Bevan (banker), David Bevan, banker (d.

) ** Joseph Récamier, French gynaecologist (d.

) * November 7 ** Richard Noel-Hill, 4th Baron Berwick, peer (d. 1848) ** Ebenezer F. Norton, American politician (d. 1851) * November 8 ** Lord Frederick Montagu, British politician (d.

) ** Robert Reid (architect), Robert Reid, British architect (d. 1856) * November 9 ** Thomas Fortescue Kennedy, Royal Navy officer during the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars (d.

) ** Louis Hayes Petit, English barrister and politician (d. 1849) *

– John Miller (New York politician), John Miller, New York politician (d.

) * November 11 – Marcin Dunin, Roman catholic archbishop of Gnesen and Posen (d.

) * November 12 ** Charles Bell, British surgeon and artist (d.

) ** Joachim Zachris Duncker, Swedish soldier (d.

) * November 14 – Gaspare Spontini, Italian composer and conductor (d. 1851) * November 17 – Pierre-Alexandre Le Camus, French politician (d. 1824) * November 18 ** William Horsley, English musician (d. 1858) ** Wilhelmine of Prussia, Queen of the Netherlands, Dutch queen consort (from 1815 to 1837); second daughter and fourth child of Frederick William II of Prussia and Frederica Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt (d.

) * November 19 – Vasile Moga, romanian orthodox bishop of Sibiu (d.

) *

** Archibald Cregeen, Manx lexicographer (bap. 1774, d. 1841) (d. 1841) ** Henrik Steenbuch, Norwegian lawyer (d.

) * November 21 ** Domingo French, Argentine revolutionary (d.

) ** Elisabeth Canori Mora, Italian Roman Catholic mystic (d.

) * November 24 – Thomas Dick (scientist), Thomas Dick, British astronomer (d.

) *

– Francisco de Paula Marín, A Spaniard influential in the early Kingdom of Hawaii; confidant of Hawaiian King Kamehameha I (d.

) *

** Georg Ludwig Cancrin, Economist, politician (d.

) ** William Hunter (senator), William Hunter, American politician and diplomat (d. 1849) ** Peter Frederik Wulff, Danish naval officer (d.

) *

– John Howard Kyan, British inventor (d.

) * November 28 ** Frederick IV, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (d.

) ** Sir Richard King, 2nd Baronet, Royal Navy admiral (d.

) ** Princess Maria Antonia of Parma, Italian princess (d. 1841) * November 29 ** Carl Johan Fahlcrantz, painter (d.

) ** Johann Gottfried Gruber, German literary critic (d. 1851)

December

– Alexander Leith (British Army officer), Alexander Leith, British Army officer, died 1859 (d. 1859) * December 2 ** François-André Baudin, French naval officer (d.

) ** François-René Boussen, Belgian priest (d. 1848) * December 3 – Giuseppe Federico Palombini, military general (d.

) * December 4 – John Weyland, British writer and politician; (d.

) * December 5 – Johann Wilhelm Andreas Pfaff, German mathematician (d.

) * December 10 – Nicolas Morice, French navy officer (d. 1848) * December 11 – David Bowen, Felinfoel, Welsh Baptist minister from Felinfoel (d. 1853) * December 12 – William Henry (chemist), William Henry, English chemist (d.

) * December 13 ** Eline Heger, Danish actress (d.

) ** Nathan F. Dixon I, American politician (d.

) * December 15 – Michel Ange Lancret, Engineer with the French Corps of Bridges and Roads (d. 1807) * December 16 – Caroline Campbell, Duchess of Argyll, British noble (d.

) * December 17 ** Andrew Jukes (surgeon), Andrew Jukes, British surgeon (d. 1821) ** Littleton Waller Tazewell, American politician (d.

) * December 20 ** John Pasco, English admiral (d. 1853) ** Charles Richard Vaughan, British diplomat (d. 1849) * December 21 ** John Thomas Barber Beaumont, British artist (d. 1841) ** James Ingram (academic), James Ingram, English academic (d.

) *

– Ludwig von Vincke, politician, writer and jurist (d. 1844) * December 26 – Ferdinand Oechsle, German inventor (d.

) * December 27 ** Brenton Halliburton, Canadian judge (d.

) ** Ephraim Hart (New York politician), Ephraim Hart, American politician (d.

) ** Johann Philipp Neumann, Austrian physicist, librarian and poet (d. 1849) * December 28 ** Mary Birkett Card, poet, abolitionist and feminist (d. 1817) ** Thomas Moore Musgrave, English postmaster and translator (d.

) * December 29 – Maurice FitzGerald, 18th Knight of Kerry, British politician (d. 1849) * December 31 – John Pringle (British Army officer), John Pringle, British Army officer (d.

) * ''date unknown'' – Sergey Glinka, Russian author, brother of Fyodor Glinka (d.

)

Deaths

Caroline-Henriette of Hesse Darmstadt-f4578561

Zelfportret van Maria Machteld van Sypesteyn

Louis XV, King of France (1710-1774) edited 2

Judge_Joseph_Gerrish_by_Copley,_Halifax,_Nova_Scotia

John_Joshua_Kirby_by_Thomas_Gainsborough_c

Johann_Jacob_Reiske_-_Imagines_philologorum

Paul_whitehead-The_poems_and_miscellaneous_compositions

January

** Thomas Hollis (1720–1774), Thomas Hollis, English political philosopher and author (b. 1720) ** Jan Jerzy Plersch, Polish sculptor (b. 1704) *

** Antoine Clériadus de Choiseul-Beaupré, French archbishop (b. 1707) ** Józef Andrzej Załuski, Polish bishop (b. 1702) * January 9 – Jacques-François Blondel, French architect (b. 1705) * January 13 ** Shem Drowne, American coppersmith (b. 1683) ** John Pugh Pryse, British Member of Parliament (b. 1739) *

– Louis de Brienne de Conflans d'Armentières, French general (b. 1711) *

– Thomas Gillespie (minister), Thomas Gillespie, Scottish church leader (b. 1708) *

** Florian Leopold Gassmann, Austrian composer (b. 1729) **

, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1757 to 1774 (b. 1717) ** James Lacy (actor), James Lacy, actor and theatre manager (b. 1696) ** Hans Jacob Scheel, Norwegian general (b. 1714) *

– Dudley Cosby, 1st Baron Sydney, Irish politician (b. 1730) *

– Franciszek Ferdynant Lubomirski, Franciszek Ferdynand Lubomirski was a Polish nobleman (b. 1710) *

** Jean-Pierre Guignon, French composer (b. 1702) ** František Tůma, Czech composer (b. 1704) *

– Consort Yu (Borjigin), Consort Yu, Concubine of Chinese Emperor Qianlong (b. 1730)

February

– Johann Heinrich Zopf, German historian (b. 1691) *

– Charles Marie de La Condamine, French explorer, geographer, and mathematician (b. 1701) *

– Thomas Belasyse, 1st Earl Fauconberg (second creation), Thomas Belasyse, 1st Earl Fauconberg, British peer (b. 1699) *

– Robert Jones (died 1774), Robert Jones, English politician (b. 1704) *

– Karl Michael von Attems, Austrian Catholic archbishop and prince of the Holy Roman Empire (b. 1711) *

– Johann Georg, Chevalier de Saxe, German general (b. 1704) *

– Knud Leem, Norwegian priest and linguist (b. 1697) *

– Anthony Askew, English physician and book collector (b. 1722)

March

– Pierre-Antoine Gourgaud, French actor (b. 1706) *

– William Talbot (1717–1774), William Talbot, English evangelical clergyman (b. 1717) * March 3 – Andrew Oliver, American merchant and public official (b. 1706) *

– William Boys (Royal Navy officer), William Boys, Royal Navy officer (b. 1700) *

– Georg Joachim Mark, German theologian (b. 1726) *

– Carlo Alberto Guidoboni Cavalchini, Catholic cardinal (b. 1683) *

– William Browne (physician), William Browne, English physician (b. 1692) * March 18 – Matthew Fetherstonhaugh, British politician (b. 1714) *

– Lucas Ramírez Galán, Roman Catholic archbishop (b. 1715) *

– Diego Bernardo de Peredo y Navarrete, Mexican Roman Catholic clergyman, bishop of Yucatán (b. 1696) * March 25 ** Spencer Cowper (priest), Spencer Cowper, Dean of Durham Cathedral (b. 1713) ** Countess Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken, German noble (b. 1704) ** Zeynep Sultan, ottoman princess, Daughter of Ottoman Sultan Ahmed III (b. 1720) *

– Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken, German noble (b. 1721)

April

– Claudius Amyand (MP), Claudius Amyand, English politician (b. 1718) * April 4 – Oliver Goldsmith, Anglo-Irish writer, poet, and physician (b. 1728) * April 5 – Situ Panchen, Tibetan lama and painter (b. 1700) *

– Elias Gottlob Haussmann, German artist (b. 1695) *

** Somerset Butler, 1st Earl of Carrick, Irish peer (b. 1718) ** Jean Ignace de La Ville, French diplomat (b. 1690) *

– John Winslow (British Army officer), John Winslow, British Army general (b. 1703) *

** Michael Ranft, German historian, writer and hofmeister (b. 1700) ** Rodolfo Emilio Brignole Sale, politician (b. 1708) * April 20 ** Aleksandr Bibikov, Russian statesman and military officer (b. 1729) ** Jean Saas, French lexicographer (b. 1703) *

** Hafiz Rahmat Khan Barech, Afghan highlander (b. 1723) ** Christian Wilhelm Ernst Dietrich, German artist (b. 1712) *

– Sara Banzet, French educator, diarist (b. 1745) *

– John Fane, 9th Earl of Westmorland, English Earl (b. 1728) *

– Maria Machteld van Sypesteyn, Dutch painter (b. 1724) *

– Gottfried Lengnich, historian and politician (b. 1689) *

– Eland Mossom, lawyer, recorder of the City of Kilkenny and representative in the Parliament of Ireland (b. 1709)

May

– William Hewson (surgeon), William Hewson, British physiologist (b. 1739) * May 3 – Heinrich August de la Motte Fouqué, German general (b. 1698) *

** Duke Anthony Ulrich of Brunswick, Russian general (b. 1714) ** Adam Sherrill, First European to cross the Catawba River (b. 1697) ** Richard Alchorne Worge, British Member of Parliament (b. 1707) *

– John Ward, 1st Viscount Dudley and Ward, British politician (b. 1704) * May 8 – Réginald Outhier, French astronomer and priest (b. 1694) *

** King Louis XV of France (b. 1710) ** Timothy Woodbridge, Superintendent of Indian Affairs (b. 1709) ** Louis XV, Bourbon monarch who ruled as King of France and of Navarre (b. 1710) *

– Giuseppe Antonio Luchi, Italian painter (b. 1709) *

– Jeremiah Theus, American artist (b. 1716) * May 18 – William FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Cleveland, English noble (b. 1698) * May 23 – Tatiana Mikhailovna Troepolskaya, actor (b. 1744) * May 26 – Wilhelm Reinhard von Neipperg, Austrian field marshal (b. 1684)

June

* June 3 – Joseph Gerrish, Canadian politician (b. 1709) * June 7 ** Ignatius van der Beken, Flemish painter (b. 1689) ** Charles Townley (officer of arms), Charles Townley, Officer of Arms (b. 1713) * June 11 – Emmerich Joseph von Breidbach zu Bürresheim, Roman Catholic archbishop (b. 1707) * June 15 – Karl Heinrich von Bogatzky, German hymnwriter (b. 1690) * June 18 – Francis Andrews, Irish politician (b. 1718) * June 20 – Joshua Kirby, British artist (b. 1716) * June 24 – Thomas Amory (tutor), Thomas Amory, English tutor/minister/poet (b. 1701) * June 27 – Nicolas Tindal, British historian (b. 1688) * June 29 – Zachary Pearce, English bishop (b. 1690)

July

* July 1 – Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland, British politician (b. 1705) * July 4 – William Price (High Sheriff), William Price, Welsh High Sheriff and antiquarian (b. 1690) * July 8 – Brooke Forester, British politician (b. 1717) * July 9 – Anna Morandi Manzolini, internationally known Italian anatomist and anatomical wax modeller (b. 1714) * July 11 – Sir William Johnson, 1st Baronet, Anglo-Irish official of the British Empire (b. 1715) * July 13 – Otto von Münchhausen, German botanist (b. 1716) * July 14 ** Matthew Blakiston, British politician (b. 1702) ** James O'Hara, 2nd Baron Tyrawley, Irish officer in the British Army (b. 1682) * July 17 – Miguel Anselmo Álvarez de Abreu y Valdéz, Bishop of Antequera, Oaxaca, México ; Bishop (b. 1711) * July 18 ** Sir Thomas Alston, 5th Baronet, English Baronet and MP (b. 1724) ** Thomas Fitch (governor), Thomas Fitch, Governor of the Connecticut Colony (b. 1700) *

– Percy Wyndham-O'Brien, 1st Earl of Thomond, Irish earl (b. 1723) * July 24 ** Caroline Fox, 1st Baroness Holland, British baroness; eldest of the Lennox sisters (b. 1723) ** Johann George Schmidt, architect from Germany (b. 1707) * July 25 – John Drummond (1723–1774), John Drummond, British private banker and politician (b. 1723) * July 27 – Samuel Gottlieb Gmelin, German physician, botanist, and explorer (b. 1744)

August

* August 10 ** William Rawlinson Earle, British Member of Parliament (b. 1702) ** Jean Charles Joseph, Count of Merode, Marquis of Deynze, noble of the Austrian Netherlands (b. 1719) * August 11 ** Frederik Nannestad, Norwegian bishop (b. 1693) ** Charles-François Tiphaigne de la Roche, French writer (b. 1722) * August 13 – Peter Applebye, British-Danish industrialist (b. 1709) * August 14 – Johann Jakob Reiske, German scholar, physician (b. 1716) * August 20 – Ann Wager, American educator (b. 1716) * August 21 – Imperial Noble Consort Qinggong, Qing Dynasty imperial noble consort (b. 1724) * August 25 – Niccolò Jommelli, Italian composer (b. 1714) * August 26 – Philipp Jakob Straub, Austrian sculptor (b. 1706)

September

– Sir Charles Herbert Sheffield, 1st Baronet, British estate owner and baronet (b. 1706) * September 10 – Pierre-Jean Mariette, French art historian (b. 1694) * September 16 – Christophe Le Menu de Saint-Philbert, composer (b. 1720) * September 18 – Johann Friedrich Meckel, the Elder, German anatomist (b. 1724) * September 22 ** Filippo Farsetti, Italian patron (b. 1703) ** Charles Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (b. 1690) ** Pope Clement XIV, pope and bishop of Rome from 1769 to 1774 (b. 1705) * September 24 – Greta Donner, Swedish businesswoman (b. 1726) * September 25 ** John Bradstreet, Canadian-born soldier (b. 1714) ** Sir Richard Corbet, 4th Baronet, British Member of Parliament (b. 1696) ** Sholto Douglas, 15th Earl of Morton, British earl (b. 1732)

October

* October 2 – Alfonso Clemente de Aróstegui, Scholar and Roman catholic bishop (b. 1698) * October 8 – Philippe Caffieri (1714–1774), Philippe Caffieri, French sculptor (b. 1714) * October 11 – Jean-Claude Chambellan Duplessis, French designer (b. 1699) * October 12 – Tokugawa Haruaki, Japanese samurai (b. 1753) * October 13 – Willem Bentinck van Rhoon, Dutch politician (b. 1704) * October 15 – Dmitry Ukhtomsky, Russian architect (b. 1719) * October 16 – Robert Fergusson, Scottish poet and writer (b. 1750) * October 22 – William Molineux, Colonial American merchant (b. 1718) * October 23 – Michel Benoist, French Jesuit missionary, scientist (b. 1715) * October 27 – Gerolamo Mengozzi Colonna, Italian painter (b. 1686) * October 28 – Jean Löfblad, Swedish actor (b. 1728) * October 29 – Ferdinand Augustin Hallerstein, Jesuit missionary (b. 1703) * October 31 ** Thomas Hunt (Arabic scholar), Thomas Hunt, English academic, Oxford Laudian Professor of Arabic (b. 1696) ** Edward Noel, 1st Viscount Wentworth, British peer (b. 1715)

November

* November 1 – Johan Peter Falk, Swedish botanist (b. 1732) * November 3 – Glocester Ridley, English writer (b. 1702) * November 5 ** Urbain Boiret, Canadian priest (b. 1731) ** Peter Spendelowe Lamborn, English engraver and miniature painter (b. 1722) ** John Murray, 3rd Duke of Atholl, British peer (b. 1729) * November 6 – Thomas Bradshaw (MP), Thomas Bradshaw, British Member of Parliament (b. 1733) * November 13 – Robert Rochfort, 1st Earl of Belvedere, Anglo-Irish politician and peer (b. 1708) *

– Anne Howard, Countess of Effingham, British countess (b. 1695) * November 16 – Francis Owen (politician), Francis Owen, British Member of Parliament (b. 1745) * November 17 – Jean Althen, Armenian agronomist (b. 1709) *

– Abraham Tucker, English philosopher (b. 1705) * November 21 – Johann Siegmund Popowitsch, Austrian botanist (b. 1705) * November 22 ** Robert Clive, British military officer and East India Company official (b. 1725) ** Edward Rooker, English engraver, draughtsman and actor (b. 1712) * November 23 – Gottfried Bernhard Göz, German artist (b. 1708) *

– Henry Baker (naturalist), Henry Baker, English naturalist (b. 1698) * November 28 – Pierre de l'Estache, French sculptor (b. 1688) * November 29 – Gabriel de Clieu, Guadeloupean politician (b. 1687) *

** John Rann, English criminal and highwayman (b. 1750) ** Nicolas-François Dupré de Saint-Maur, French academic (b. 1695)

December

* December 2 – Johann Friedrich Agricola, German composer (b. 1720) * December 5 – Karunai Prakasar, Spiritual writer and philosopher (b. 1756) * December 13 – Guillaume du Tillot, French politician (b. 1711) * December 16 ** Susanne von Klettenberg, German abbess and writer (b. 1723) ** François Quesnay, French economist (b. 1694) ** Francis Willoughby, 3rd Baron Middleton, British baron (b. 1726) * December 17 – Friedrich Wilhelm, Graf von Wylich und Lottum, Prussian army officer (b. 1716) * December 19 – Deborah Read, spouse of Benjamin Franklin (b. 1708) * December 20 – Paul Whitehead (satirist), Paul Whitehead, British satirist (b. 1710) * December 21 – Thomas Broughton (writer), Thomas Broughton, English clergyman, biographer and miscellaneous writer (b. 1704) *

– Francesco Maria Preti, architect (b. 1701) * December 24 – Peter Fenger (1719–1774), Peter Fenger, Danish merchant (b. 1719) * December 26 ** Godfrey Bagnall Clarke, British politician (b. 1742) ** Stephen Fox, 2nd Baron Holland, British politician and peer (b. 1745) * December 27 ** Louis Groston de Saint-Ange de Bellerive, Canadian explorer (b. 1700) ** Francis Wollaston (scientist), Francis Wollaston, English scientist (b. 1694) * December 29 ** Toussaint-Gaspard Taconet, French actor (b. 1730) ** Maria Weenix, painter from the Northern Netherlands (b. 1697) * December 30 – Antoniotto Botta Adorno, high officer (b. 1688) * December 31 – Johann Christoph Handke, Czech painter (b. 1694) * ''date unknown'' ** Martinez de Pasqually, French freemason ** Margaret Calderwood, British people, British diarist (b. 1715) ** Catherine Michelle de Maisonneuve, French writer and publisher

Events

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

Births

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Deaths

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

References

Further reading