Events

January–March

* January 21 – After being tricked into deserting a battle against India's Mughal Empire by the rebel Sayyid brothers, Prince Azz-ud-din Mirza is blinded on orders of the Emperor Farrukhsiyar as punishment. * February 7 – The Siege of Tönning (a fortress of the Swedish Empire and now located in Germany in the state of Schleswig-Holstein) ends after almost a year, as Danish forces force the surrender of the remaining 1,600 defenders. The fortress is then leveled by the Danes. *

February 28 Events Pre-1600 *202 BC – Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty. * 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople closes. *1525 – Aztec king Cuauhtémoc is executed on ...

– (February 17 old style) Russia's Tsar

Peter the Great Peter I ( – ), most commonly known as Peter the Great,) or Pyotr Alekséyevich ( rus, Пётр Алексе́евич, p=ˈpʲɵtr ɐlʲɪˈksʲejɪvʲɪtɕ, , group=pron was a Russian monarch who ruled the Tsardom of Russia from t ...

issues a decree requiring compulsory education in mathematics for children of government officials and nobility, applying to children between the ages of 10 and 15 years old. * March 2 – (February 19 old style) The

Battle of Storkyro The Battle of Napue (, , ) was fought on 19 February 1714 ( O.S.) / 2 March 1714 ( N.S.) at the villages of Napue and Laurola in the Isokyrö parish of the Swedish Empire (modern Finland) between the Swedish Empire and the Tsardom of Russia. I ...

is fought between troops of the Swedish Empire and the Russian Empire, near what is now the village of Napue in Finland. The outnumbered Swedish forces, under the command of General

Carl Gustaf Armfeldt Carl Gustaf Armfeldt (9 November 1666 – 24 October 1736) was a Swedish officer, general and friherre (baron) who took part in the Great Northern War. Early life Carl Gustaf Armfeldt was born in Swedish Ingria to lieutenant colonel Gustaf Armfel ...

, suffer 1,600 troops killed in action while the Russians led by General Mikhail Golitsyn lose 400 men. *

March 7 Events Pre-1600 * 161 – Marcus Aurelius and L. Commodus (who changes his name to Lucius Verus) become joint emperors of Rome on the death of Antoninus Pius. * 1138 – Konrad III von Hohenstaufen was elected king of Germany at Cob ...

– The Treaty of Rastatt is signed between Austria and France, concluding the War of the Spanish Succession between them. Austria receives the Spanish territories in Italy (the

Kingdom of Naples The Kingdom of Naples ( la, Regnum Neapolitanum; it, Regno di Napoli; nap, Regno 'e Napule), also known as the Kingdom of Sicily, was a state that ruled the part of the Italian Peninsula south of the Papal States between 1282 and 1816. It was ...

Duchy of Milan The Duchy of Milan ( it, Ducato di Milano; lmo, Ducaa de Milan) was a state in northern Italy, created in 1395 by Gian Galeazzo Visconti, then the lord of Milan, and a member of the important Visconti family, which had been ruling the city sin ...

and Kingdom of Sardinia), as well as the Southern Netherlands; and from France, Freiburg and Landau. The Austrian Habsburg Empire reaches its largest territorial extent yet, with

Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor , house = Habsburg , spouse = , issue = , issue-link = #Children , issue-pipe = , father = Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor , mother = Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg , birth_date ...

succeeding Philip V of Spain, as ruler in the ceded territories.

April–June

* April 11 – France signs five separate treaties— with Great Britain, the Netherlands, Portugal, Prussia and Savoy— to end hostilities in the War of the Spanish Succession following the negotiations of the Peace of Utrecht. * April 12 – Italian Jesuit missionary

Niccolò Gianpriamo Niccolò Gianpriamo (Aversa, 22 October 1686 - Naples, 14 April 1759) was an Italian Jesuit, missionary and astronomer. He entered the Jesuit order in Naples in 1702 and was a missionary throughout China. On 1 January 1705, he asked Father Mi ...

is dispatched from Portugal on an evangelical trip to Asia starting with the Portuguese Indian colony of Goa, where he arrives after five months. * May 19 – Anne, Queen of Great Britain, refuses to allow members of the House of Hanover to settle in Britain during her lifetime. * June 3 – The city of

Kassel Kassel (; in Germany, spelled Cassel until 1926) is a city on the Fulda River in northern Hesse, Germany. It is the administrative seat of the Regierungsbezirk Kassel and the district of the same name and had 201,048 inhabitants in December 2020 ...

in Germany inaugurates the summer tradition of the "water stairs" or "great cascades" (''Grossen Kaskaden'') emptying from the base of the Hercules monument down to the Wilhelmshöhe castle. *

June 20 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius' battles Attila the Hun. After the battle, which was inconclusive, Attila retreats, causing the Romans to interpret it as a victory. * 1180 – First Battle of Uji, starting ...

– In France, Henri-Charles du Cambout de Coislin, the Roman Catholic Bishop of Metz, condemns the papal bull '' Unigenitus'', issued by

Pope Clement XI Pope Clement XI ( la, Clemens XI; it, Clemente XI; 23 July 1649 – 19 March 1721), born Giovanni Francesco Albani, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 23 November 1700 to his death in March 1721. Clement XI w ...

against the 1671 commentary by Pasquier Quesnel of the four Gospels and inflaming the Jansenist controversy. * June 26 – Spain and the Netherlands sign a peace treaty to end hostilities between those two nations in the War of the Spanish Succession.

July–September

July 8 Events Pre-1600 * 1099 – Some 15,000 starving Christian soldiers begin the siege of Jerusalem by marching in a religious procession around the city as its Muslim defenders watch. * 1283 – Roger of Lauria, commanding the Aragonese ...

– Longitude prize: The

Parliament of Great Britain The Parliament of Great Britain was formed in May 1707 following the ratification of the Acts of Union by both the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland. The Acts ratified the treaty of Union which created a new unified Kingdo ...

votes "to offer a reward for such person or persons as shall discover the Longitude" (£10,000 for any method capable of determining a ship's longitude within 1 degree; £15,000, within 40 minutes, and £20,000 within ½ a degree). * July 27 – The Imperial Russian Navy gains its first important victory against the

Swedish Navy The Swedish Navy ( sv, Svenska marinen) is the naval branch of the Swedish Armed Forces. It is composed of surface and submarine naval units – the Fleet () – as well as marine units, the Amphibious Corps (). In Swedish, vessels o ...

in the Battle of Gangut. * August 1 – Georg Ludwig von Braunschweig-Lüneburg, Elector of Hanover, becomes King George I of Great Britain and Ireland, on the death of Queen Anne. Anne's death brings an end to the reign of the House of Stuart, in that her half-brother James Francis Edward Stuart, the eldest son of James II of England, has been ineligible for the British throne based on the

Act of Settlement 1701 The Act of Settlement is an Act of the Parliament of England that settled the succession to the English and Irish crowns to only Protestants, which passed in 1701. More specifically, anyone who became a Roman Catholic, or who married one, bec ...

had barred members of the Roman Catholic church from becoming monarchs. George of Hanover, as great-grandson of James I of England and a second cousin to Anne, is deemed the eldest living Protestant descendant of James I. * September 11 – War of the Spanish Succession: Barcelona is taken after a year's siege, and Catalonia surrenders to Spanish and French Bourbon armies. * September 18 – George I, the new King of Great Britain and Ireland, arrives in Britain for the first time in his life, after having departed Hannover and sailing from the Netherlands. * September 29 – The Great Hatred: the

Cossacks The Cossacks , es, cosaco , et, Kasakad, cazacii , fi, Kasakat, cazacii , french: cosaques , hu, kozákok, cazacii , it, cosacchi , orv, коза́ки, pl, Kozacy , pt, cossacos , ro, cazaci , russian: казаки́ or ...

of the Russian Empire kill about 800 people overnight on the Finnish island of Hailuoto.

October–December

* October 20 – The coronation of George I of Great Britain and Ireland takes place in Westminster Abbey, a little less than three months after George became the new British monarch. * October 24 – Four Dutch investors, led by brothers Nicolaas and Hendrik van Hoorn, purchase the South American colony of

Berbice Berbice is a region along the Berbice River in Guyana, which was between 1627 and 1792 a colony of the Dutch West India Company and between 1792 to 1815 a colony of the Dutch state. After having been ceded to the United Kingdom of Great Britain ...

from French mercenary

Jacques Cassard Jacques Cassard (30 September 1679 – 1740) was a French naval officer and privateer. Biography Born on 30 September 1679 to a family of merchants of Nantes, Cassard began a career as a sailor at age 14 on the merchantmen owned by his fa ...

, who had captured the colony from the Van Peere family. A century later, in 1815, the land is ceded to Great Britain and later merged with neighboring colonies to form what is now

Guyana Guyana ( or ), officially the Cooperative Republic of Guyana, is a country on the northern mainland of South America. Guyana is an indigenous word which means "Land of Many Waters". The capital city is Georgetown. Guyana is bordered by the ...

. * November 30 – King Philip V of Spain issues a decree reorganizing the Spanish government to create four ministries, with the Secretary of State being the chief minister, predecessor to the office of Prime Minister of Spain. José de Grimaldo becomes the first person to have the chief ministry. * December 9 – Ottoman–Venetian War (1714–1718): The Ottoman Empire declares war on the Republic of Venice.

Date unknown

* Archbishop Tenison's School, the world's earliest surviving mixed gender school, is established by Thomas Tenison,

Archbishop of Canterbury The archbishop of Canterbury is the senior bishop and a principal leader of the Church of England, the ceremonial head of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Canterbury. The current archbishop is Justi ...

, in Croydon, south of London, England. * Louis Juchereau de St. Denis establishes Fort St. Jean Baptiste, at the site of present day Natchitoches, Louisiana (the first permanent European settlement in the Louisiana Territory, after Biloxi (

1699 Events January–March * January 5 – A violent Java earthquake damages the city of Batavia on the Indonesian island of Java, killing at least 28 people * January 20 – The Parliament of England (under Tory dominance) limits the size ...

) and

Mobile, Alabama Mobile ( , ) is a city and the county seat of Mobile County, Alabama, United States. The population within the city limits was 187,041 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, down from 195,111 at the 2010 United States census, 2010 cens ...

(

1702 In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Wednesday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar. Events January–March * January 2 – A total solar eclipse is visible from the southe ...

) were separated). * Worcester College, University of Oxford is founded (formerly Gloucester College, closed during the Dissolution of the Monasteries). *

Stockholm County Stockholm County ( sv, Stockholms län, link=no ) is a county or '' län'' (in Swedish) on the Baltic Sea coast of Sweden. It borders Uppsala County and Södermanland County. It also borders Mälaren and the Baltic Sea. The city of Stockholm ...

is founded. * The river Kander (Switzerland) is redirected into Lake Thun.

Births

Joseph Siffred Duplessis - Christoph Willibald Gluck - Google Art Project

Hedwig Taube von Hessenstein c 1740 by Lorens Pasch the Elder

* January 1 **

Kristijonas Donelaitis Kristijonas Donelaitis ( la, Christian Donalitius; 1 January 1714 – 18 February 1780) was a Prussian Lithuanian poet and Lutheran pastor. He lived and worked in Lithuania Minor, a territory in the Kingdom of Prussia, that had a sizable Lithuani ...

, Prussian-Lithuanian Lutheran pastor, poet, author of ''The Seasons'' (d.

1780 Events January–March * January 16 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Cape St. Vincent: British Admiral Sir George Rodney defeats a Spanish fleet. * February 19 – The legislature of New York votes to allow ...

) **

Giovanni Battista Mancini Giovanni Battista Mancini (1 January 1714 – 4 January 1800) was an Italian soprano castrato, voice teacher, and author of books on singing. Mancini was born at Ascoli Piceno, Italy. He studied singing in Naples with Leonardo Leo and in Bolo ...

, Italian soprano castrato, voice teacher and author of books on singing (d.

1800 As of March 1 ( O.S. February 18), when the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 12 days until February 28 ( O.S. February 16), ...

) *

January 6 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will eve ...

** John Christopher Hartwick, Lutheran minister in Colonial America, founder of Hartwick College (d. 1796) ** Percivall Pott, English surgeon (d.

1788 Events January–March * January 1 – The first edition of ''The Times'', previously ''The Daily Universal Register'', is published in London. * January 2 – Georgia ratifies the United States Constitution, and becomes the fourth U.S ...

) *

January 9 Events Pre-1600 * 681 – Twelfth Council of Toledo: King Erwig of the Visigoths initiates a council in which he implements diverse measures against the Jews in Spain. *1127 – Jin–Song Wars: Invading Jurchen soldiers from the J ...

–

Elisabeth Stierncrona Elisabeth Stierncrona (9 January 1714 – 28 June 1769) was a Swedish countess and writer. Life Elisabeth Stierncrona was born in Stockholm. Her parents were Baron Gabriel Stierncrona (1669-1723) and Antoinetta Maria Amija (1687-1721). She ma ...

, Swedish noble (d.

1769 Events January–March * February 2 – Pope Clement XIII dies, the night before preparing an order to dissolve the Jesuits.Denis De Lucca, ''Jesuits and Fortifications: The Contribution of the Jesuits to Military Architecture in ...

) *

January 10 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war. * 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and the be ...

– Johann Georg Dominicus von Linprun, German scientist (d.

1787 Events January–March * January 9 – The North Carolina General Assembly authorizes nine commissioners to purchase of land for the seat of Chatham County. The town is named Pittsborough (later shortened to Pittsboro), for ...

) *

January 16 Events Pre-1600 * 27 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the Roman Empire. * 378 – General Siyaj K'ak' conquers Tikal, enlarging the domain of King Spear ...

Francis V de Beauharnais Francis may refer to: People *Pope Francis, the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State and Bishop of Rome *Francis (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters *Francis (surname) Places * Rural M ...

, French nobleman, soldier, politician, colonial governor and admiral (d.

) **

Carl Jesper Benzelius Carl Jesper Benzelius (16 January 1714 – 2 January 1793) was a Swedish theologian, professor, and bishop of the Diocese of Strängnäs from 1776 to 1793. Biography Born in Uppsala to archbishop Erik Benzelius the younger, Benzelius was brough ...

, Swedish bishop (d.

1793 The French Republic introduced the French Revolutionary Calendar starting with the year I. Events January–June * January 7 – The Ebel riot occurs in Sweden. * January 9 – Jean-Pierre Blanchard becomes the first to fl ...

) *

January 20 Events Pre-1600 * 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution. * 649 – King Chindasuinth, at the urging of bishop Braulio of Zaragoza, crowns his son Recceswinth as co-ruler of the Visigothic Kingdom. * 1156 &ndas ...

– Hugh Farmer, British theologian (d.

) * January 21 –

Anna Morandi Manzolini Anna Morandi Manzolini (21 January 1714 – 9 July 1774) was an internationally known anatomist and anatomical wax modeler, as lecturer of anatomical design at the University of Bologna. Life Morandi was born in 1714 in Bologna, Italy. She wa ...

, internationally known Italian anatomist and anatomical wax modeler (d.

1774 Events January–March * January 21 – Mustafa III, List of Ottoman Sultans, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, dies and is succeeded by his brother Abdul Hamid I. * January 27 ** An angry crowd in Boston, Massachusetts seizes, tars, and f ...

) * January 24 –

Henri Joseph Bouchard d'Esparbès de Lussan d'Aubeterre Henri Joseph Bouchard d'Esparbès de Lussan (24 January 1714 - 28 August 1788), marquis d'Aubeterre, baron de Saint-Quentin, was a French general and marshal Marshal is a term used in several official titles in various branches of society ...

, Marshal of France (d.

) * January 26 –

Jean-Baptiste Pigalle Jean-Baptiste Pigalle (26 January 1714 – 20 August 1785) was a French sculptor. Life Pigalle was born in Paris, the seventh child of a carpenter. Although he failed to obtain the ''Prix de Rome'', after a severe struggle he entered the ''Ac ...

, French sculptor (d.

1785 Events January–March * January 1 – The first issue of the ''Daily Universal Register'', later known as ''The Times'', is published in London. * January 7 – Frenchman Jean-Pierre Blanchard and American John Jeffries tr ...

) *

February 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer. * 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), Mon ...

Nicolaus Christian Friis Nicolaus Christian Friis (1 February 1714 – 22 May 1777) was a Norwegian priest and theologian. Niels or Nicolai Friis was born at Lille-Fosen (now Kristiansund) in Møre og Romsdal, Norway. Friis attended the Trondheim Cathedral School and ...

, Norwegian priest and writer (d.

1777 Events January–March * January 2 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of the Assunpink Creek: American general George Washington's army repulses a British attack by Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis, in a second ...

) ** Ralph Verney, 2nd Earl Verney of Ireland (d.

1791 Events January–March * January 1 – Austrian composer Joseph Haydn arrives in England, to perform a series of concerts. * January 2 – Northwest Indian War: Big Bottom Massacre – The war begins in the Ohio Country ...

) *

February 2 Events Pre-1600 * 506 – Alaric II, eighth king of the Visigoths, promulgates the Breviary of Alaric (''Breviarium Alaricianum'' or ''Lex Romana Visigothorum''), a collection of "Roman law". * 880 – Battle of Lüneburg Heath: King ...

– Gottfried August Homilius, German composer, cantor and organist (d.

) *

February 5 Events Pre-1600 * 62 – Earthquake in Pompeii, Italy. * 1576 – Henry of Navarre abjures Catholicism at Tours and rejoins the Protestant forces in the French Wars of Religion. * 1597 – A group of early Japanese Christians ar ...

– Johann Gottlieb Gleditsch, German botanist (d.

1786 Events January–March * January 3 – The third Treaty of Hopewell is signed, between the United States and the Choctaw. * January 6 – The outward bound East Indiaman '' Halsewell'' is wrecked on the south coast of Englan ...

) *

February 11 Events Pre-1600 *660 BC – Traditional date for the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. * 55 – The death under mysterious circumstances of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman empire, on the eve of his coming ...

–

Count Karl-Wilhelm Finck von Finckenstein Karl Wilhelm Reichsgraf Finck von Finckenstein (11 February 1714 – 3 January 1800) was a Count of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, a Prussian diplomat, and later Prime Minister of Prussia. Family He was the son of Count Albrec ...

, German-Prussian diplomat and later Prime Minister of Prussia (d.

) * February 12 –

Sebastian Sailer Sebastian Sailer (12 February 1714 in Weißenhorn – 7 March 1777 in Obermarchtal), born Johann Valentin Sailer, was a German Premonstratensian Baroque preacher and writer. He is especially known for his comedies written in Swabian German. W ...

, German Premonstratensian preacher, writer (d.

) *

February 14 Events Pre-1600 * 748 – Abbasid Revolution: The Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad province Khorasan, marking the consolidation of the Abbasid revolt. * 842 – Charles the Bald and Louis ...

– William Vane, 2nd Viscount Vane of Ireland (d.

1789 Events January–March * January – Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès publishes the pamphlet ''What Is the Third Estate?'' ('), influential on the French Revolution. * January 7 – The 1788-89 United States presidential election a ...

) * February 18 –

John Howe, 2nd Baron Chedworth John Thynne Howe, 2nd Baron Chedworth (18 February 1714 – 9 May 1762) was an English peer and the eldest son of John Howe, 1st Baron Chedworth. Education He was educated at John Roysse's Free School in Abingdon, (now Abingdon School). He lat ...

of England, eldest son of John Howe (d.

1762 Events January–March * January 4 – Britain enters the Seven Years' War against Spain and Naples. * January 5 – Empress Elisabeth of Russia dies, and is succeeded by her nephew Peter III. Peter, an admirer of Frederick t ...

) * February 22 **

Louis-Georges de Bréquigny Louis-Georges-Oudard-Feudrix de Bréquigny (22 February 1714 – 3 July 1795), was a French scholar. He was born at Granville, Manche in Normandy. His first publications were anonymous: a ''History of the Revolutions of Genoa up to the Peace o ...

, French scholar (d.

1795 Events January–June * January – Central England records its coldest ever month, in the Central England temperature, CET records dating back to 1659. * January 14 – The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Uni ...

) ** Sarah Osborn, American writer (d. 1796) *

February 25 Events Pre-1600 * 138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor. * 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II. ...

** René Nicolas Charles Augustin de Maupeou,

Chancellor of France In France, under the ''Ancien Régime'', the officer of state responsible for the judiciary was the Chancellor of Francesometimes called Grand Chancellor or Lord Chancellor (french: Chancelier de France). The Chancellor was responsible for seei ...

(d.

1792 Events January–March * January 9 – The Treaty of Jassy ends the Russian Empire's war with the Ottoman Empire over Crimea. * February 18 – Thomas Holcroft produces the comedy '' The Road to Ruin'' in London. * February ...

) ** Sir Hyde Parker, 5th Baronet, Royal Navy vice admiral (d.

1782 Events January–March * January 7 – The first American commercial bank (Bank of North America) opens. * January 15 – Superintendent of Finance Robert Morris goes before the United States Congress to recommend establish ...

) *

February 26 Events Pre-1600 *747 BC – According to Ptolemy, the epoch (origin) of the Nabonassar Era began at noon on this date. Historians use this to establish the modern BC chronology for dating historic events. * 364 – Valentinian I is p ...

– James Hervey, English clergyman and writer (d.

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the sta ...

) *

– Gioacchino Conti, Italian opera singer (d.

1761 Events January–March * January 14 – Third Battle of Panipat: Ahmad Shah Durrani and his coalition decisively defeat the Maratha Confederacy, and restore the Mughal Empire to Shah Alam II. * January 16 – Siege of Pondi ...

) * March 1 – Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Menshikov, Russian army officer (d.

1764 1764 ( MDCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday and is the fifth year of the 1760s decade, the 64th year of the 18th century, and the 764th year of the 2nd millennium. Events January–June * January 7 – The Siculicidium is ...

) * March 2 – John Hamilton, Royal Navy officer (d.

1755 Events January–March * January 23 (O. S. January 12, Tatiana Day, nowadays celebrated on January 25) – Moscow University is established. * February 13 – The kingdom of Mataram on Java is divided in two, creating the ...

) * March 6 – Jean-Baptiste Marie Pierre, French painter (d.

) *

–

Charles Thomas, Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort , title = Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort , titles = , image = Fürst Karl Thomas zu Löwenstein.jpg , caption = , reign = 1735–1789 , reign-type = Period , coronation = , ...

, German nobleman, head of the House of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort (d.

) * March 8 – Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, German Classical composer (d.

) * March 11 –

Cornelis Elout Cornelis Elout (Haarlem, 11 March 1714 - Haarlem, 3 November 1779)Van der Aa et al.Biographisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden Deel Vp.96 (Dutch) was a Haarlem regent, collector, one of the first members of ''Teylers Tweede Genootschap'' (Teylers Secon ...

, Dutch regent (d.

1779 Events January–March * January 11 – British troops surrender to the Marathas in Wadgaon, India, and are forced to return all territories acquired since 1773. * January 11 – Ching-Thang Khomba is crowned King of Manip ...

) * March 17 –

Maximilian Reichsgraf von Hamilton Maximilian, Maximillian or Maximiliaan (Maximilien in French) is a male given name. The name " Max" is considered a shortening of "Maximilian" as well as of several other names. List of people Monarchs *Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (1459� ...

, German-born Czech Catholic bishop (d.

1776 Events January–February * January 1 – American Revolutionary War – Burning of Norfolk: The town of Norfolk, Virginia is destroyed, by the combined actions of the British Royal Navy and occupying Patriot forces. * January 1 ...

) * March 19 – Aymar Joseph de Roquefeuil et du Bousquet, French admiral (d.

) *

March 21 Events Pre-1600 * 537 – Siege of Rome: King Vitiges attempts to assault the northern and eastern city walls, but is repulsed at the Praenestine Gate, known as the ''Vivarium'', by the defenders under the Byzantine generals Bessas an ...

– Charles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden, British judge (d.

1794 Events January–March * January 1 – The Stibo Group is founded by Niels Lund as a printing company in Aarhus (Denmark). * January 13 – The U.S. Congress enacts a law providing for, effective May 1, 1795, a United States ...

) *

March 25 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Italian city Venice is founded with the dedication of the first church, that of San Giacomo di Rialto on the islet of Rialto. * 708 – Pope Constantine becomes the 88th pope. He would be the last pope to vi ...

Friedrich Christian Glume Friedrich Christian Glume (25 March 1714 – 6 April 1752) was a German artist active during the reign of Frederick II of Prussia. The sculptural decorations above the entrance doors of Sanssouci Sanssouci () is a historical building in Po ...

, German artist (d.

1752 In the British Empire, it was the only leap year with 355 days, as September 3–13 were skipped when the Empire adopted the Gregorian calendar. Events January–March * January 1 – The British Empire (except Scotland, which h ...

) ** Matthew Griswold (governor), 17th Governor of Connecticut (1784–1786) (d.

1799 Events January–June * January 9 – British Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger introduces an income tax of two shillings to the pound, to raise funds for Great Britain's war effort in the French Revolutionary Wars. * January ...

) * March 27 – Francesco Antonio Zaccaria, Italian theologian (d.

) * March 29 – Mahadhammaraza Dipadi, last Toungoo Dynasty king of Burma (Myanmar) (1733–1752) (d.

1754 Events January–March * January 28 – Horace Walpole, in a letter to Horace Mann, coins the word ''serendipity''. * February 22 – Expecting an attack by Portuguese-speaking militias in the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Pla ...

) * April 1 – Jean-François de Neufforge, Flemish architect and engraver (d.

) * April 7 –

John Elwes (politician) John Elwes é Meggot or Meggott MP (7 April 1714 – 26 November 1789) was a member of parliament (MP) in Great Britain for Berkshire (1772–1784) and an eccentric miser, suggested to be an inspiration for the character of Ebenezer Scrooge i ...

, British politician (d.

) * April 14 – Adam Gib, Scottish religious leader (d.

) * April 15 – Claude Yvon, French encyclopedist (d.

) * April 16 –

Pedro António Avondano Pedro António Avondano (16 April 1714 - 1782) was a Portuguese composer of Italian parentage. Pedro António was born and died in Lisbon. His father Pietro Giorgio Avondano of Genoa, was a violinist at the court of João V, one of many Italian ...

, Italian composer (d.

) * April 18 – Jacques-Nompar III de Caumont, duc de La Force, French nobleman (d.

) * April 25 – Emer de Vattel, Swiss philosopher (d.

1767 Events January–March * January 1 – The first annual volume of ''The Nautical Almanac and Astronomical Ephemeris'', produced by British Astronomer Royal Nevil Maskelyne at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, gives navigators the ...

) * May 6 **

Anton Raaff Anton Raaff (6 May 1714 – 28 May 1797) was a German tenor from Gelsdorf near Bonn. Career Raaff studied at the Jesuit school in Bonn where the Elector of Bavaria, Clement Augustus, heard him singing and paid for him to train professionally. ...

, German opera tenor (d.

1797 Events January–March * January 3 – The Treaty of Tripoli, a peace treaty between the United States and Ottoman Tripolitania, is signed at Algiers (''see also'' 1796). * January 7 – The parliament of the Cisalpine Re ...

) ** James Townley, British dramatist (d.

1778 Events January–March * January 18 – Third voyage of James Cook: Captain James Cook, with ships HMS ''Resolution'' and HMS ''Discovery'', first views Oahu then Kauai in the Hawaiian Islands of the Pacific Ocean, which he na ...

) *

May 10 Events Pre-1600 * 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China. *1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of Edw ...

–

Sophie Charlotte Ackermann Sophie Charlotte Ackermann (''née'' Bierreichel) (10 May 1714 – 14 October 1792) was a German actress from Berlin. Biography She first married an organist named Schröder, who was unable to support his family. She entered the stage in 1740 i ...

, German actress from Berlin (d.

) * May 12 –

Johan Daniel Berlin Johan Daniel Berlin (born 12 May 1714, Memel, Prussia – 4 November 1787, Trondheim, Norway) was a German-born Norwegian rococo composer and organist, remembered as one of the founders of the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters. L ...

, Norwegian composer and organist (d.

) * May 14 – William Whitmore, British general (d.

1771 Events January– March * January 5 – The Great Kalmyk (Torghut) Migration is led by Ubashi Khan, from the east bank of the Lower Volga River back to the homeland of Dzungaria, at this time under Qing Dynasty rule. * January 9 ...

) * May 17 –

Princess Anne Charlotte of Lorraine Anne Charlotte of Lorraine (17 May 1714 – 7 November 1773) was the Abbess of Remiremont and Mons. She was the thirteenth of fifteen children of Leopold, Duke of Lorraine, and his spouse Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans. Her mother was the ...

, French royal (d.

1773 Events January–March * January 1 – The hymn that becomes known as ''Amazing Grace'', at this time titled "1 Chronicles 17:16–17", is first used to accompany a sermon led by curate John Newton in the town of Olney, Bucking ...

) * May 20 –

Henry Bathurst, 2nd Earl Bathurst Henry Bathurst, 2nd Earl Bathurst (20 May 17146 August 1794), known as The Lord Apsley from 1771 to 1775, was a British lawyer and politician. He was Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain from 1771 to 1778. Background and education Bathurst wa ...

, British lawyer and politician (d.

) *

June 6 Events Pre-1600 * 913 – Constantine VII, the eight-year-old illegitimate son of Leo VI the Wise, becomes nominal ruler of the Byzantine Empire under the regency of a seven-man council headed by Patriarch Nicholas Mystikos, appointed b ...

– Joseph I of Portugal, Prince of Brazil (d.

) * June 17 –

César-François Cassini de Thury César-François Cassini de Thury (17 June 1714 – 4 September 1784), also called Cassini III or Cassini de Thury, was a French astronomer and cartographer. Biography Cassini de Thury was born in Thury-sous-Clermont, in the Oise departme ...

, French astronomer and cartographer (d.

1784 Events January–March * January 6 – Treaty of Constantinople: The Ottoman Empire agrees to Russia's annexation of the Crimea. * January 14 – The Congress of the United States ratifies the Treaty of Paris with Great Brit ...

) *

June 23 Events Pre-1600 * 229 – Sun Quan proclaims himself emperor of Eastern Wu. * 1266 – War of Saint Sabas: In the Battle of Trapani, the Venetians defeat a larger Genoese fleet, capturing all its ships. * 1280 – The Spanish Re ...

–

Giovanni Sarnelli Giovanni Sarnelli (23 June 1714 in Naples – 1793 in Naples) was an Italian painter of the late-Baroque style. He was one of at least four brothers: including Antonio (died 1800), Gennaro, and Giuseppe, trained in the studio of Paolo de Matt ...

, Italian painter (d.

) *

July 1 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor. * 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...

– Michael Lally (brigadier-general), Irish-born French brigadier-general (d.

) * July 2 –

Christoph Willibald Gluck Christoph Willibald (Ritter von) Gluck (; 2 July 1714 – 15 November 1787) was a composer of Italian and French opera in the early classical period. Born in the Upper Palatinate and raised in Bohemia, both part of the Holy Roman Empire, he g ...

, German composer (d.

) *

Friedrich Gottfried Abel Friedrich Gottfried Abel (8 July 1714, Halberstadt – 23 November 1794, Halberstadt) was a German physician, the son of historian Caspar Abel. He was an assessor of the college of physicians, member of the literary society at Halberstadt, and m ...

, German physician (d.

) **

Pieter van Reede van Oudtshoorn Baron Pieter van Reede (or van Rheede) van Oudtshoorn (8 July 1714 – 23 January 1773) was a senior official and Governor designate of the Dutch Cape Colony. He was appointed Governor of the Cape Colony in 1772 to succeed the deceased Governor R ...

, Dutch administrator of the Cape Colony (d.

) * July 12 – Mikhail Illarionovich Vorontsov, Russian noble, politician (d.

) * July 16 – Marc René, marquis de Montalembert, French military engineer and writer (d.

) * July 17 ** Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten, German philosopher (d.

) **

John Forbes (Royal Navy officer) Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy), Admiral of the Fleet John Forbes (17 July 1714 – 10 March 1796), styled The Honourable from 1734, was a Royal Navy officer. After taking part in an expedition to Lisbon to support the Kingdom of Portugal ...

, British admiral of the fleet (d. 1796) * July 21 – Grand Duchess Natalya Alexeyevna of Russia (1714–1728), Russian grand duchess (d.

1728 Events January–March * January 5 – The '' Real y Pontificia Universidad de San Gerónimo de la Habana'', the oldest university in Cuba, is founded in Havana. * January 9 – The coronation of Peter II as the Tsar of t ...

) * August 1 ** Edward Penny, British painter (d.

) ** Richard Wilson (painter), Welsh landscape painter (d.

) *

August 14 Events Pre-1600 * 74 BC – A group of officials, led by the Western Han minister Huo Guang, present articles of impeachment against the new emperor, Liu He, to the imperial regent, Empress Dowager Shangguan. The articles, enumerating t ...

– Claude Joseph Vernet, French painter (d.

) * August 15 – Philip Stanhope, 2nd Earl Stanhope of Great Britain (d.

) * August 18 – Landgravine Caroline of Hesse-Rotenburg, German noble (d.

1741 Events January–March * January 13 – Lanesborough, Massachusetts is created as a township. * February 13 – Sir Robert Walpole, the Prime Minister of Great Britain, popularizes the term "the balance of power" in a spe ...

) * August 23 –

Hans Jacob Scheel Hans Jacob Scheel (23 August 1714, died 21 January 1774) was a Dano-Norwegian Major-General. Scheel was born in Copenhagen, Denmark. He was the son of Hans Heinrich Scheel (1668-1738) and Benedicte Dorothea Gjordsdatter (1684-1752). He served as ...

, Norwegian general (d.

) * August 28 **

Duke Anthony Ulrich of Brunswick Anthony Ulrich (; 28 August 1714, Bevern – 4 May 1774 (O.S.), Kholmogory), Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, was Generalissimo of the Army of Russia, and the husband of Anna Leopoldovna, who reigned as regent of Russia for one year. Biogra ...

, Russian general (d.

) ** Jean-Baptiste Descamps, Flemish painter and art historian (d.

) * August 29 – Princess Friederike Luise of Prussia, Prussian princess (d.

) * September 1 –

Samuel Martin (Secretary to the Treasury) Samuel Martin (1 September 1714 – 20 November 1788) was an Antiguan-born politician, administrator and plantation owner. Family He was born on the West Indies island of Antigua, the son of Samuel Martin, the leading plantation owner on the ...

, British politician (d.

) * September 10 –

Niccolò Jommelli Niccolò Jommelli (; 10 September 1714 – 25 August 1774) was an Italian composer of the Neapolitan School. Along with other composers mainly in the Holy Roman Empire and France, he was responsible for certain operatic reforms including redu ...

, Italian composer (d.

) *

September 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1111 – Highest Galician nobility led by Pedro Fróilaz de Traba and the bishop Diego Gelmírez crown Alfonso VII as "King of Galicia". * 1176 – The Battle of Myriokephalon is the last attempt by the Byzantine Empi ...

–

Gottlieb Rabener Gottlieb Wilhelm Rabener (17 September 1714 – 22 March 1771), was a German writer of prose satires and publicist of the Enlightenment. He was born at Wachau near Leipzig, and he died at Dresden. In 1741 he made his debut as satirist in S ...

, German writer of prose satires (d.

) * September 19 – Charles Humphreys, miller and statesman from Haverford Township, Pennsylvania (d.

) *

September 23 Events Pre-1600 * 38 – Drusilla, Caligula's sister who died in June, with whom the emperor is said to have an incestuous relationship, is deified. * 1122 – Pope Callixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V agree to the Concordat ...

–

Eugene Jean, Count of Soissons Prince Eugene Jean of Savoy (Eugene Jean François; 23 September 1714 – 23 November 1734) was the last Count of Soissons and by birth member of the House of Savoy. Life The only son of Thomas Emmanuel, Prince of Savoy-Carignan, Emmanuel Thomas ...

, Prince of Savoy (d.

1734 Events January– March * January 8 – Salzburgers, Lutherans who were expelled by the Roman Catholic Bishop of Salzburg, Austria, in October 1731, set sail for the British Colony of Province of Georgia, Georgia in North America ...

) * September 24 – Alaungpaya, King of Burma (d.

1760 Events January–March * January 9 – Battle of Barari Ghat: Afghan forces defeat the Marathas. * January 22 – Seven Years' War – Battle of Wandiwash, India: British general Sir Eyre Coote is victorious over the Fr ...

) * September 29 **

Petrus Albertus van der Parra Petrus Albertus van der Parra (29 September 1714 – 28 December 1775) was Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1761 to 1775. Biography Petrus Albertus van der Parra was born in Colombo, the son of a Secretary to the government of Ceyl ...

, Dutch colonial governor (d.

1775 Events Summary The American Revolutionary War began this year, with the first military engagement being the April 19 Battles of Lexington and Concord on the day after Paul Revere's now-legendary ride. The Second Continental Congress t ...

) **

Johann Joachim Schwabe Johann Joachim Schwabe (29 September 1714 – 12 August 1784) was a German academic, poet and translator. 1714 births 1784 deaths 18th-century German writers 18th-century German male writers Academic staff of Leipzig University German tr ...

, German poet (d.

) * September 30 – Étienne Bonnot de Condillac, French academic (d.

) * October 1 **

Georg David Anthon Georg (George) David Anthon (1 October 1714 – 30 August 1781) was a German born, Danish architect. Background Anthon was born in Northern Germany. He was student of Danish architect Nicolai Eigtved (1701–1754) and graduated as a teacher o ...

, Danish architect (d.

1781 Events January–March * January – William Pitt the Younger, later Prime Minister of Great Britain, enters Parliament, aged 21. * January 1 – Industrial Revolution: The Iron Bridge opens across the River Severn in Eng ...

) **

António of Braganza, Child of Palhavã Antonio is a masculine given name of Etruscan origin deriving from the root name Antonius. It is a common name among Romance language-speaking populations as well as the Balkans and Lusophone Africa. It has been among the top 400 most popular male ...

, Portuguese nobleman (d.

) * October 3 –

Joseph Spencer Joseph Spencer (October 3, 1714 – January 13, 1789) was an American lawyer, soldier, and statesman from Connecticut. During the Revolutionary War, he served both as a delegate to the Continental Congress and as a major general in the C ...

, American general (d.

) * October 14 – Christoph Anton Migazzi, Austrian Catholic bishop (d.

1803 Events * January 1 – The first edition of Alexandre Balthazar Laurent Grimod de La Reynière's ''Almanach des gourmands'', the first guide to restaurant cooking, is published in Paris. * January 5 – William Symington demonstrates his ...

) * October 16 – Giovanni Arduino (geologist), Italian geologist (d.

) * October 19 –

Joseph von Petrasch Joseph Leopold ''Freiherr'' von Petrasch (19 October 1714 in Slavonski Brod, Slavonia15 May 1772 in Nesovice, Moravia) was a soldier, writer and philologist. In 1746 he founded the Olomouc-based Societas incognitorum, the first Enlightenment- ...

, German philologist (d.

1772 Events January–March * January 10 – Shah Alam II, the Mughal Emperor of India, makes a triumphant return to Delhi 15 years after having been forced to flee. * January 17 – Johann Friedrich Struensee and Queen Carolin ...

) * October 25 – James Burnett, Lord Monboddo, Scottish judge, scholar of language evolution and philosopher (d.

) * October 26 –

Princess Marie Victoire d'Arenberg Princess Marie Victoire of Arenberg (Marie Victoire Pauline; 26 October 1714 – 13 April 1793) was a member of the House of Arenberg and later the Margravine of Baden-Baden as consort of Augustus George of Baden-Baden. She is credited for h ...

, Margravine of Baden-Baden as consort of Augustus George (d.

) * October 27 – Fernando de Silva, 12th Duke of Alba, Spanish duke (d.

) * October 31 – Hedvig Taube, Swedish courtier (d. 1744) * November 1 – Johann Joachim Spalding, German theologian (d.

1804 Events January–March * January 1 – Haiti gains independence from France, and becomes the first black republic, having the only successful slave revolt ever. * February 4 – The Sokoto Caliphate is founded in West Africa. * Februar ...

) * November 2 –

Camillo Almici Camillo Almici (2 November 1714 – 30 December 1779) was a priest of the Congregation of the Oratory, of distinguished theological attainments. Biography Almici was born at Brescia, of a noble family. He became a member of the Congregation of the ...

, Italian priest (d.

) * November 3 –

Anica Bošković Anica Bošković (born 1714 in Republic of Ragusa – died 13 August 1804 in Ragusa) was a Republic of Ragusa, Ragusan writer. She wrote a pastoral song and translated from the Italian language. Christian themes permeate her work. Hers was one ...

, Ragusan writer (d.

) * November 4 –

John Boyle, 3rd Earl of Glasgow John Boyle, 3rd Earl of Glasgow (4 November 1714 – 7 March 1775) was a Scottish nobleman. Origins Boyle was the third but eldest surviving son and heir of John Boyle, 2nd Earl of Glasgow, by Helenor Morrison, third daughter of William Morrison ...

, Scottish nobleman (d.

) * November 10 –

Mathieu Tillet Mathieu Tillet (10 November 1714 Bordeaux - 13 December 1791) was a French botanist, agronomist, metallurgist and administrator. Life He was the son of the goldsmith Gabriel Tillet and began studying metals at his father's workshop. In 1740 he was ...

, French botanist (d.

) * November 18 – William Shenstone, English poet and landscape gardener (d.

1763 Events January–March * January 27 – The seat of colonial administration in the Viceroyalty of Brazil is moved from Salvador to Rio de Janeiro. * February 1 – The Royal Colony of North Carolina officially creates Meck ...

) * November 24 –

Thomas Zebrowski Thomas Zebrowski ( lt, Tomas Žebrauskas, pl, Tomasz Żebrowski; November 24, 1714 in Samogitia – March 18, 1758 in Vilnius) was a Jesuit architect, mathematician, and astronomer. He was instrumental in establishing and funding the Observatory ...

, Lithuanian Jesuit scientist (d.

) * November 26 –

Pierre-François Brice Pierre-François Brice (26 November 1714 (baptised) – 13 May 1794) was a French artist who spent most of his career in what is now Belgium. Life Brice was born at Saint-Venant, France. Around 1735, he established himself in Brussels, then capit ...

, French artist (d.

) * November 27 –

Jean Philippe Goujon de Grondel Jean Philippe Goujon de Grondel (November 27, 1714 in Saverne, Alsace – November 29, 1807 in Salins, France) was a French general. He was sent as a young officer to Louisiana, where he distinguished himself in the wars against the Chic ...

, French general (d.

1807 Events January–March * January 7 – The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland issues an Order in Council prohibiting British ships from trading with France or its allies. * January 20 – The Sierra Leone Company, faced with b ...

) * December 1 –

Pierre Gaultier de La Vérendrye Pierre Gaultier de La Vérendrye de Boumois (December 1, 1714 – September 13, 1755) was the second son of Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye. An explorer and fur trader who served many years under the command of his father, ...

, French-Canadian explorer (d.

) * December 3 –

Edward Pickard Edward Pickard (3 December 1714 - 10 February 1778) was an English dissenting minister who founded the Orphan Working School in 1758. The Orphan school would eventually become a school in Reigate in Surrey. He also led a group who tried to chang ...

, British minister (d.

) * December 4 – Israel Acrelius, Swedish missionary and clergyman (d.

) * December 14 –

Leonard Lispenard Col. Leonard Lispenard (December 14, 1714 – February 20, 1790) was a New York City merchant, politician, and landowner. Early life Lispenard was born on December 14, 1714 in the City of New York. He was the eldest son of six children born to C ...

, American politician (d.

1790 Events January–March * January 8 – United States President George Washington gives the first State of the Union address, in New York City. * January 11 – The 11 minor states of the Austrian Netherlands, which took p ...

) * December 15 –

Étienne Mignot de Montigny Étienne Mignot de Montigny (15 December 1714, in Paris – 6 May 1782) was a French engineer and geographer. He studied the textile industries in England, Switzerland, and France in the 1730s. He was then appointed a commissioner in the Ministry ...

, French engineer, geographer (d.

) * December 16 –

George Whitefield George Whitefield (; 30 September 1770), also known as George Whitfield, was an Anglican cleric and evangelist who was one of the founders of Methodism and the evangelical movement. Born in Gloucester, he matriculated at Pembroke College at th ...

, English Anglican priest (d.

1770 Events January– March * January 1 – The foundation of Fort George, Bombay is laid by Colonel Keating, principal engineer, on the site of the former Dongri Fort. * February 1 – Thomas Jefferson's home at Shadwell, Virgi ...

) * December 18 ** Philippine Élisabeth d'Orléans, French princess (d.

) ** Nikolaus I, Prince Esterházy, Hungarian prince (d.

) * December 19 – John Winthrop (educator), 2nd Hollis Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy in Harvard College (d.

) * December 21 ** John Bradstreet, British Army officer during King George's War (d.

) **

Paschen von Cossel Paschen Ritter und Edler von Cossel (21 December 1714 in Anklam, Vorpommern – 17 January 1805 in Jersbek), was a German lawyer (since 1738), doctor of laws, syndic, canon of the Hamburg Cathedral chapter, and owner of two Schleswig-Holstein, ...

, German lawyer (d.

1805 After thirteen years the First French Empire abolished the French Republican Calendar in favour of the Gregorian calendar. Events January–March * January 11 – The Michigan Territory is created. * February 7 – King Anouvong become ...

) * December 23 ** Ranieri de' Calzabigi, Italian poet and librettist (d.

) ** William Howard, Viscount Andover, British MP (d.

1756 Events January–March * January 16 – The Treaty of Westminster is signed between Great Britain and Prussia, guaranteeing the neutrality of the Kingdom of Hanover, controlled by King George II of Great Britain. *February 7 & ...

) * December 31 ** Michel Ferdinand d'Albert d'Ailly, French astronomer (d.

) ** Arima Yoriyuki, Japanese daimyō (d.

1783 Events January–March * January 20 – At Versailles, Great Britain signs preliminary peace treaties with the Kingdom of France and the Kingdom of Spain. * January 23 – The Confederation Congress ratifies two October 8, ...

)

Deaths

Christoph Bernhard Francke - Herzog Anton Ulrich von Braunschweig (1633-1714)

Portrait painting of Charles of France, Duke of Berry (1686-1714) by Nicolas de Largillière

Christoffel_Pierson_door_Arnoud_van_Halen

January 4 Events Pre-1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar fights Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina. * 871 – Battle of Reading: Æthelred of Wessex and his brother Alfred are defeated by a Danish invasion army. 1601–1900 *1649 – Engli ...

– Atto Melani, Italian opera singer (b.

1626 Events January–March * January 7 – Polish-Swedish War: Battle of Wallhof in Latvia – Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, defeats a Polish army. * January 9 – Peter Minuit sails from Texel Island for America's Ne ...

) * January 5 – Mamia III Gurieli, Prince of Guria *

–

Constantin Ranst de Jonge Constanti(j)n Ranst de Jonge (October 28, 1635 – January 10, 1714) was a Dutch businessman employed by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) who was chief of the trading posts in Tonkin and Dutch Bengal and three times opperhoofd of Dejima in Japa ...

, son of Hieronimus Rans(t) (1607–1660) (b.

1635 Events January–March * January 23 – 1635 Capture of Tortuga: The Spanish Navy captures the Caribbean island of Tortuga off of the coast of Haiti after a three-day battle against the English and French Navy. * January 25 ...

) * January 17 –

Gabriel Álvarez de Toledo Gabriel Patricio Álvarez de Toledo y Pellicer de Tovar (15 March 1662—17 January 1714) was a Spanish poet, historian and theologian. He was a humanist, interested in philosophy and philology. He knew classical, semitic and modern languages, ...

, Royal Librarian of King Felipe V of Spain (b.

1662 Events January–March * January 4 – Dziaddin Mukarram Shah becomes the new Sultan of Kedah, an independent kingdom on the Malay Peninsula, upon the death of his father, Sultan Muhyiddin Mansur. * January 10 – At the ...

) *

– John Sharp, English Archbishop of Yorkshire (b.

1643 Events January–March * January 21 – Abel Tasman sights the island of Tonga. * February 6 – Abel Tasman sights the Fiji Islands. * March 13 – First English Civil War: First Battle of Middlewich – Roundheads ...

) * February 21 – Eugen Alexander Franz, 1st Prince of Thurn and Taxis (b.

1652 Events January–March * January 8 – Michiel de Ruyter marries the widow Anna van Gelder and plans retirement, but months later becomes a vice-commodore in the First Anglo-Dutch War. * February 4 – At Edinburgh, the parl ...

) *

February 24 Events Pre-1600 * 484 – King Huneric of the Vandals replaces Nicene bishops with Arian ones, and banishes some to Corsica. * 1303 – The English are defeated at the Battle of Roslin, in the First War of Scottish Independence. * 13 ...

– Edmund Andros, English governor in North America (b.

1637 Events January–March * January 5 – Pierre Corneille's tragicomedy ''Le Cid'' is first performed, in Paris, France. * January 16 – The siege of Nagpur ends in what is now the Maharashtra state of India, as Kok Shah, the ...

) * March 3 –

Hans Carl von Carlowitz Hans Carl von Carlowitz, originally ''Hannß Carl von Carlowitz'' (24 December 1645 - 3 March 1714), was a Saxon tax accountant and mining administrator. His book ''Sylvicultura oeconomica, oder haußwirthliche Nachricht und Naturmäßige Anweisu ...

, German forester (b.

1645 Events January–March * January 3 – The Long Parliament adopts the ''Directory for Public Worship'' in England, Wales, Ireland and Scotland, replacing the Book of Common Prayer (1559). Holy Days (other than Sundays) are not ...

) * March 13 –

John Talbot of Lacock Sir John Talbot (7 June 1630 – 13 March 1714) was an English politician, soldier, and landowner, who was Member of Parliament for various seats between 1660 and 1685. He held rank in a number of regiments, although he does not appear to ...

, British politician and general (b.

1630 Events January–March * January 2 – A shoemaker in Turin is found to have the first case of bubonic plague there as the plague of 1630 begins spreading through Italy. * January 5 – A team of Portuguese military advisers ...

) * March 27 ** Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel, Queen Consort of Denmark (1670–1699) (b.

1650 Events January–March * January 7 – Louis I, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen, dies after a reign of more than 63 years. The area is now part of the northeastern German state of Saxony-Anhalt. * January 18 – Cardinal Jules Ma ...

) ** Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (b.

1633 Events January–March * January 20 – Galileo Galilei, having been summoned to Rome on orders of Pope Urban VIII, leaves for Florence for his journey. His carriage is halted at Ponte a Centino at the border of Tuscany, where ...

) * April 10 – Samuel Carpenter, Deputy Governor of colonial Pennsylvania (b.

1649 Events January–March * January 4 – In England, the Rump Parliament passes an ordinance to set up a High Court of Justice, to try Charles I for high treason. * January 17 – The Second Ormonde Peace concludes an allian ...

) * April 15 – Esther Liebmann, German banker (b.

) * April 17 **

Philipp Heinrich Erlebach Philipp Heinrich Erlebach (25 July 1657 – 17 April 1714) was a German Baroque composer, a prolific writer of church music and secular music. Much of his work is lost due to a fire. Life Erlebach was born in Esens, Lower Saxony, the son of Jo ...

, German composer (b.

1657 Events January–March * January 8 – Miles Sindercombe and his group of disaffected Levellers are betrayed, in their attempt to assassinate Oliver Cromwell, by blowing up the Palace of Whitehall in London, and arrested. * Febru ...

) ** Haquin Spegel, Swedish bishop (b.

) * May 5 – Charles, Duke of Berry, grandson of Louis XIV of France (b.

1686 Events January–March * January 3 – In Madras (now Chennai) in India, local residents employed by the East India Company threaten to boycott their jobs after corporate administrator William Gyfford imposes a house tax on res ...

) * May 15 – Roger Elliott, British general and Governor of Gibraltar (b. c.

1665 Events January–March * January 5 – The ''Journal des sçavans'' begins publication of the first scientific journal in France. * February 15 – Molière's comedy '' Dom Juan ou le Festin de pierre'', based on the Spanis ...

) * May 18 –

Ivan Botsis Count Ivan Fedoseevich Botsis ( el, Ιωάννης Μπότσης, russian: Иван Федосеевич Боцис, died 18 May 1714

, Russian admiral of Greek origin (unknown birth date) *

May 24 Events Pre-1600 * 919 – The nobles of Franconia and Saxony elect Henry the Fowler at the Imperial Diet in Fritzlar as king of the East Frankish Kingdom. * 1218 – The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. * 1276 – Magnus La ...

– Henry Somerset, 2nd Duke of Beaufort (b.

1684 Events January–March * January 5 – King Charles II of England gives the title Duke of St Albans to Charles Beauclerk, his illegitimate son by Nell Gwyn. * January 15 (January 5 O.S.) - To demonstrate that the River Thames, froz ...

) *

May 27 Events Pre-1600 * 1096 – Count Emicho enters Mainz, where his followers massacre Jewish citizens. At least 600 Jews are killed. * 1120 – Richard III of Capua is anointed as Prince two weeks before his untimely death. * 1153 &ndash ...

– George Saunderson, 5th Viscount Castleton, English Member of Parliament (b.

1631 Events January–March * January 23 – Thirty Years' War: Sweden and France sign the Treaty of Bärwalde, a military alliance in which France provides funds for the Swedish army invading northern Germany. * February 5 &ndash ...

) *

May 30 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus and his Roman legions breach the Second Wall of Jerusalem. Jewish defenders retreat to the First Wall. The Romans build a circumvallation, cutting down all trees within fifteen kilometres ...

– Gottfried Arnold, German church historian (b.

1666 This is the first year to be designated as an ''Annus mirabilis'', in John Dryden's 1667 poem so titled, celebrating England's failure to be beaten either by the Dutch or by fire. It is the only year to contain each Roman numeral once in de ...

) * June 8 – Electress

Sophia of Hanover Sophia of Hanover (born Princess Sophia of the Palatinate; 14 October 1630 – 8 June 1714) was the Electress of Hanover by marriage to Elector Ernest Augustus and later the heiress presumptive to the thrones of England and Scotland (later Grea ...

, heir to the throne of Great Britain (b.

) * June 22 –

Matthew Henry Matthew Henry (18 October 166222 June 1714) was a Nonconformist (Protestantism), Nonconformist minister and author, who was born in Wales but spent much of his life in England. He is best known for the six-volume biblical commentary ''Exposition ...

, English non-conformist minister (b.

) *

June 28 Events Pre-1600 * 1098 – Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul at the battle of Antioch. * 1360 – Muhammed VI becomes the tenth Nasrid king of Granada after killing his brother-in-law Ismail II. * 1461 – ...

–

Daniel Papebroch Daniel Papebroch, S.J., (17 March 1628 – 28 June 1714) was a Flemish Jesuit hagiographer, one of the Bollandists. He was a leading revisionist figure, bringing historical criticism to bear on traditions of saints of the Catholic Church. Life ...

, Flemish Jesuit hagiographer (b.

1628 Events January–March * January 19 – (26 Jumada al-Awwal 1037 A.H.) The reign of Salef-ud-din Muhammad Shahryar as the Mughal Emperor, Shahryar Mirza, comes to an end a little more than two months after the November 7 dea ...

) * July 4 – Antonio Magliabechi, Italian librarian (b.

) * August 1 – Anne, Queen of Great Britain (b.

) *

August 11 Events Pre-1600 * 3114 BC – The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, used by several pre-Columbian Mesoamerican civilizations, notably the Maya, begins. * 2492 BC – Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and founde ...

–

Christoffel Pierson Christoffel Pierson (19 May 1631 – 11 August 1714) was a Dutch Golden Age painter. Biography According to Arnold Houbraken, Pierson was brought up to become a merchant. Schooled in Latin, French, and drawing, he spent time as a clerk (in ...

, Dutch painter (b.

) * August 26 – Constantin Brâncoveanu, Prince of Wallachia (b.

1654 Events January–March * January 6– In India, Jaswant Singh of Marwar (in what is now the state of Rajasthan) is elevated to the title of Maharaja by Emperor Shah Jahan. * January 11– In the Battle of Río Bueno in sout ...

) * August 26 – Edward Fowler, English Bishop of Gloucester (b.

1632 Events January–March * January – The Holland's Leguer, a brothel in London, is closed after having been besieged for a month. * February 22 – Galileo's ''Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems'' is pub ...

) * September 20 –

Anna Waser Anna Waser (16 October 1678 – 20 September 1714) was a Swiss painter. Life Anna Waser was born in 1678, the fifth child of a wealthy and respected family in Zurich. According to Jean-Baptiste Descamps she was born in Zurich in 1679 and ...

, Swiss painter (b.

1678 Events January–March * January 10 – England and the Dutch Republic sign a mutual defense treaty in order to fight against France. * January 27 – The first fire engine company (in what will become the United States) goe ...

) * September 27 – Thomas Britton, English concert promoter (b.

1644 It is one of eight years (CE) to contain each Roman numeral once (1000(M)+500(D)+100(C)+(-10(X)+50(L))+(-1(I)+5(V)) = 1644). Events January–March * January 22 – The Royalist Oxford Parliament is first assembled by King ...

) * October – Raja Sitaram Ray, autonomous king, vassal of the Mughal Empire * October 3 – Jeanne Le Ber, religious recluse in New France (b.

) * October 5 – Kaibara Ekiken, Japanese philosopher (b.

) * October 10 – Pierre Le Pesant, sieur de Boisguilbert, French economist (b.

1646 It is one of eight years (CE) to contain each Roman numeral once (1000(M)+500(D)+100(C)+(-10(X)+50(L))+5(V)+1(I) = 1646). Events January–March * January 5 – The English House of Commons approves a bill to provide for Ireland ...

) * October 25 –

Sébastien Leclerc Sébastien Leclerc or Le Clerc ( aptized26 September 1637— 25 October 1714) was a French artist from the Duchy of Lorraine. He specialized in subtle reproductive drawings, etchings, and engravings of paintings; and worked mostly in Paris, wh ...

, French painter (b.

) * October 29 – Pedro, Prince of Brazil, second child of John V of Portugal and Maria Ana of Austria (b.

1712 In the Swedish calendar it began as a leap year starting on Monday and remained so until Thursday, February 29. By adding a second leap day (Friday, February 30) Sweden reverted to the Julian calendar and the rest of the year (from Saturday, M ...

) * November 5 – Bernardino Ramazzini, Italian physician (b.

) * November 7 – Charles Davenant, English economist, politician and pamphleteer (b.

1656 Events January–March * January 5 – The First War of Villmergen, a civil war in the Confederation of Switzerland pitting its Protestant and Roman Catholic cantons against each other, breaks out but is resolved by March 7. The ...

) * November 8 –

Filippo II Colonna Filippo II Colonna (7 April 1663 – 8 November 1714) was an Italian nobleman of prominent Colonna family. He was the 9th Duke and Prince of Paliano. Biography Born in Rome, Filippo was the son of Don Lorenzo Onofrio Colonna, hereditary Grand C ...

, Italian noble (b.

1663 Events January–March * January 10 – The Royal African Company is granted a Royal Charter by Charles II of England. * January 23 – The Treaty of Ghilajharighat is signed in India between representatives of the Mughal ...

) *

November 29 Events Pre-1600 * 561 – Following the death of King Chlothar I at Compiègne, his four sons, Charibert I, Guntram, Sigebert I and Chilperic I, divide the Frankish Kingdom. * 618 – The Tang dynasty scores a decisive victory over t ...

– Jerolim Kavanjin, Croatian poet (b.

1641 Events January–March * January 4 – The stratovolcano Mount Parker in the Philippines) has a major eruption. * January 18 – Pau Claris proclaims the Catalan Republic. * February 16 – King Charles I of England giv ...

) * December 10 –

Anthony Günther, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst Anthony Günther, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (11 November 1653 – 10 December 1714) was a German prince of the House of Ascania. He was born in Zerbst, the fourth (but second surviving) son of John VI, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst, by his wife Sophie Au ...

(b.

1653 Events January–March * January 3 – By the Coonan Cross Oath, the Eastern Church in India cuts itself off from colonial Portuguese tutelage. * January– The Swiss Peasant War begins after magistrates meeting at Lucerne ...

) * December 29 – Charles Churchill, British general (b.

) *

December 30 Events Pre-1600 *534 – The second and final edition of the Code of Justinian comes into effect in the Byzantine Empire. *999 – Battle of Glenmama: The combined forces of Munster and Meath under king Brian Boru inflict a crushi ...

– François Adhémar de Monteil, Comte de Grignan, French aristocrat (b.

) * ''date unknown'' –

Julianna Géczy Julianna Géczy Korponayné (c. 1680 – 25 September 1714) was a Hungarian noblewoman known as the "white lady of Lőcse". She became infamous as the traitor who let the imperial army into Lőcse during Rákóczi's War of Independence. She was ...

, Hungarian heroine (b. 1680)

References

External link

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