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The ''þættir'' ( Old Norse singular ''þáttr'', literally meaning a "strand" of rope or yarn)O'Donoghue (2004:226). are short stories written mostly in Iceland during the 13th and 14th centuries. The majority of ''þættir'' occur in two compendious manuscripts, '' Morkinskinna'' and '' Flateyjarbók'', and within them most are found as digressions within kings' sagas. Sverrir Tómasson regards those in ''Morkinskinna'', at least, as ''
exempla An exemplum (Latin for "example", pl. exempla, ''exempli gratia'' = "for example", abbr.: ''e.g.'') is a moral anecdote, brief or extended, real or fictitious, used to illustrate a point. The word is also used to express an action performed by an ...
'' or illustrations inseparable from the narratives that contain them, filling out the picture of the kings' qualities, good and bad, as well as adding comic relief.Sverrir Tómasson (2006:111-13).


Íslendinga þættir

The short tales of Icelanders or ''Íslendinga þættir'' focus on Icelanders, often relating the story of their travels abroad to the court of a Norwegian king. List of short tales: * '' Albani þáttr ok Sunnifu'' * '' Arnórs þáttr jarlaskálds'' * '' Auðunar þáttr vestfirzka'' * ''
Bergbúa þáttr ''Bergbúa þáttr'' ('The Tale of the Mountain-Dweller') is a short medieval Icelandic tale (þáttr). It tells of Þórðr and his companion who get lost on their way to church one winter and take refuge in a cave. Once inside, after they have s ...
'' * '' Bolla þáttr Bollasonar'' * ''
Brandkrossa þáttr ''Brandkrossa þáttr'' (The Tale of Brandkrossi) is a short Old Norse tale (''þáttr'') which serves as a prologue to ''Droplaugarsona saga''. Whereas ''Droplaugarsona saga'' details the descendants of Helgi Droplaugarson, ''Brandkrossa þáttr'' ...
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Brands þáttr örva ''Brands þáttr örva'' (''The Tale of Brand the Generous'') is a very short ''þáttr'' which tells how king Haraldr Sigurðarson put Brandr Vermundarson's generosity to the test. It may have been written at the end of the 13th century. Brandr, ...
'' * ''
Draumr Þorsteins Síðu-Hallssonar ''Draumr Þorsteins Síðu-Hallssonar'' (''The Dream of Þorsteinn Son of Síðu-Hallr'') is a very short ''þáttr'' which tells how Torstein Side-Hallsson (''Þorsteins Síðu-Hallssonar'') was visited in dreams by three women who warned him that ...
'' * '' Egils þáttr Síðu-Hallssonar'' * '' Einars þáttr Skúlasonar'' * ''
Eiríks þáttr rauða ''Eiríks þáttr rauða'' ('The Tale of Erik the Red') is a short story about Erik the Red, the conversion of his son, Leif Erikson, to Christianity, and the Norse discovery of North America by Bjarni Herjólfsson. The tale is preserved in ...
'' * '' Geirmundar þáttr'' * '' Gísls þáttr Illugasonar'' * ''
Grœnlendinga þáttr (I) ''Grœnlendinga þáttr'' ('The Tale of the Greenlanders') is a short story about the exploration of Vinland in North America by Leif Erikson and later Norse explorers, including Thorvald Eiriksson, Thorfinn Karlsefni, and Freydís Eiríksdótt ...
'' * '' Grœnlendinga þáttr (II)/Einars þáttr Sokkasonar'' * '' Gull-Ásu-Þórðar þáttr'' * ''
Gunnars þáttr Þiðrandabana ''Gunnars þáttr Þiðrandabana'' (''The Short Saga of Gunnar, Thidrandi's Killer'') is a short saga (or þáttr) written in Old Norse in medieval Iceland. The events of the story take place in the Viking Age and concern Gunnar, a Norwegian mercha ...
'' * '' Halldórs þáttr Snorrasonar inn fyrri'' * ''
Halldórs þáttr Snorrasonar inn síðari ''The Tale of Halldor Snorrason II'', (Old Norse: Halldórs þáttr Snorrasonar inn síðari; Icelandic: ''Halldórs þáttur snorrasonar hinn síðari''), is second of Icelandic þættir of Halldor Snorrason. Friend and Naval Commander of King H ...
'' * '' Hallfreðar þáttr vandræðaskálds'' * '' Hauks þáttr hábrókar'' * '' Hrafns þáttr Guðrúnarsonar'' * ''
Hreiðars þáttr ''Hreiðars þáttr heimska'' or the ''Tale of Hreiðarr the Stupid'' is one of the short tales of Icelanders. It tells of Hreiðarr, an apparently mentally disabled Icelandic man who travels to Norway in the time of the joint rule of the kings Mag ...
'' * '' Hrómundar þáttr halta'' * ''
Íslendings þáttr sögufróða ''Íslendings þáttr sögufróða'' (''The Tale of the Story-Wise Icelander'') is a very short ''þáttr'' about a young Icelandic storyteller at king Haraldr Sigurðarson's court. This ''þáttr'', which may have been written at the end of the 1 ...
'' * ''
Ívars þáttr Ingimundarsonar ''Ívars þáttr Ingimundarsonar'' (''The Tale of Ívarr Son of Ingimundr'') is a short ''þáttr'' which emphasizes king Eysteinn Eysteinn (Swedish: Östen; died ca 600) was the son of Eadgils and Yrsa of Saxony. He was the father of Ingvar. Th ...
'' * '' Jökuls þáttr Búasonar'' * '' Kjartans þáttr Ólafssonar'' * '' Kristni þáttr'' * ''
Kumlbúa þáttr ''Kumlbúa þáttr'' (the tale of the cairn-dweller) is a short medieval Icelandic tale (þáttr) set at the end of the twelfth century or the beginning of the thirteenth. It tells the story of Þorsteinn Þorvarðsson who stumbles upon a burial c ...
'' * '' Mána þáttr skálds'' * ''
Odds þáttr Ófeigssonar Odds provide a measure of the likelihood of a particular outcome. They are calculated as the ratio of the number of events that produce that outcome to the number that do not. Odds are commonly used in gambling and statistics. Odds also have ...
'' * '' Orms þáttr Stórólfssonar'' * '' Óttars þáttr svarta'' * '' Rauðs þáttr hins ramma'' * ''
Rauðúlfs þáttr ''Rauðúlfs þáttr'' is a short allegorical story preserved in Iceland in a number of medieval manuscripts. The author is unknown but was apparently a 12th–13th century ecclesiastical person. The story is about Saint Olav's ( Olav Haraldsson I ...
'' * '' Rögnvalds þáttr ok Rauðs'' * ''
Sneglu-Halla þáttr ''The Tale of Sarcastic Halli'' (Icelandic ''Sneglu-Halla þáttur'') is an Icelandic þáttr that despite being criticized for its lack of proper structure, has been praised for its strong comedic effect. The þáttr tells the tale of a battle of w ...
'' * '' Steins þáttr Skaptasonar'' * '' Stefnis þáttr Þorgilssonar'' * ''
Stjörnu-Odda draumr Stjörnu-Odda draumr (Star-Oddi's Dream) is a ''þáttr'' (short Old Norse-Icelandic tale) which recounts the dream-vision of Oddi Helgason, a twelfth-century Icelandic farmer and astronomer. It is considered to be "a literary ''tour de force'' an ...
'' * '' Stúfs þáttr inn meiri'' * '' Stúfs þáttr inn skemmri'' * '' Svaða þáttr ok Arnórs kerlingarnefs'' * '' Sveins þáttr ok Finns'' * ''
Þiðranda þáttr ok Þórhalls ''Þiðranda þáttr ok Þórhalls'' ("the story of Þiðrandi and Þórhall") or ''Þiðranda þáttr Síðu-Hallssonar'' ("the story of Þiðrandi, son of Hall of Sida") is a short tale (or þáttr) preserved within the ''Saga of Olaf Tryggvason' ...
'' * '' Þorgríms þáttr Hallasonar'' * '' Þorleifs þáttr jarlaskálds'' * '' Þormóðar þáttr'' * '' Þorsteins þáttr Austfirðings'' * '' Þorsteins þáttr forvitna'' * '' Þorsteins þáttr Síðu-Hallssonar'' * '' Þorsteins þáttr skelks'' * '' Þorsteins þáttr stangarhöggs'' * '' Þorsteins þáttr sögufróða'' * '' Þorsteins þáttr tjaldstœðings'' * '' Þorsteins þáttr uxafóts'' * '' Þorvalds þáttr tasalda'' * '' Þorvalds þáttr víðförla'' * '' Þorvarðar þáttr krákunefs'' * '' Þórarins þáttr Nefjólfssonar'' * '' Þórarins þáttr ofsa'' * '' Þórarins þáttr stuttfeldar'' * '' Þórhalls þáttr knapps'' * '' Ævi Snorra goða'' * '' Ögmundar þáttr dytts'' (also known as ''Gunnars þáttr helmings'') * '' Ölkofra þáttr''


Legendary þættir

* '' Ásbjarnar þáttr Selsbana'' * '' Helga þáttr ok Úlfs'' * ''
Helga þáttr Þórissonar ''Helga þáttr Þórissonar'' is a ''þáttr'' or short legendary saga found within the ''Ólafs saga Tryggvasonar (Flateyjarbók), Saga of Ólaf Tryggvason'' in the ''Flateyjarbók''. Plot On the way back from a trading voyage to Finnmark with hi ...
'' * '' Norna-Gests þáttr'' * ''
Ragnarssona þáttr The ''Tale of Ragnar's sons'' ( non, Ragnarssona þáttr) is an Old Norse story about Ragnar Lodbrok and his sons. Summary Ragnar Lodbrok When Sigurd Ring dies, Ragnar Lodbrok succeeds him as the king of Sweden and Denmark. Many foreign kings c ...
'' * ''
Sörla þáttr ''Sörla þáttr eða Heðins saga ok Högna'' is a short narrative from the extended version ''Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar en mesta''The ''Younger Edda''. Rasmus B. Anderson transl. (1897) Chicago: Scott, Foresman & Co. (1901). found in the ''Fla ...
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Tóka þáttr Tókasonar ''Tóka þáttr Tókasonar'' is a short legendary saga found in the ''Flateyjarbók ''Flateyjarbók'' (; "Book of Flatey") is an important medieval Icelandic manuscript. It is also known as GkS 1005 fol. and by the Latin name ''Codex Flateyensi ...
'' * ''
Völsa þáttr ''Vǫlsa þáttr'' is a short story which is only extant in the ''Flateyjarbók'' codex, where it is found in a chapter of ''Óláfs saga helga''. It is probably from the fourteenth century but takes place in 1029, when Scandinavia was still large ...
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Þorsteins þáttr bæjarmagns ''Þorsteins þáttr bæjarmagns'' or ''The Story of Thorsteinn House-Power'' is a short legendary saga or þáttr. It is a reworking of many of Thor Thor (; from non, Þórr ) is a prominent god in Germanic paganism. In Norse mythology, h ...
''


Other þættir

* ''
Brenna Adams byskups ''Brenna Adams byskups'' (''The Burning of Bishop Adam'') is a short Old Norse narrative (''þáttr'') about Adam of Melrose, Bishop of Caithness and the events that led to his death in 1222. It is preserved in Flateyjarbók ''Flateyjarbók'' (; ...
'' * '' Eindriða þáttr ok Erlings'' * ''
Eymundar þáttr hrings ''Eymundar þáttr hrings'' is a short Norse saga, which is preserved in two versions. One of them appears as ''Eymundar þáttr hrings'' in the Flatey Book and the other one is an introductory chapter in '' Yngvars saga víðförla''. They deal ...
'' * '' Eymundar þáttr af Skörum'' * '' Hálfdanar þáttr svarta'' * '' Haralds þáttr grenska'' * '' Haralds þáttr hárfagra'' * ''
Hemings þáttr Áslákssonar Hemings is a surname, and may refer to: : American slavery * Hemings family * Elizabeth "Betty" Hemings (1735–1807), enslaved American * Sally Hemings (1773–1835), enslaved by US president Thomas Jefferson who allegedly bore him 6 children * ...
'' (two versions) * ''
Hróa þáttr heimska ''Hróa þáttr heimska'' or the ''Tale of Roi the Fool'' is a short story (''þáttr'') from Iceland about a Dane called Hrói the Fool who is helped in a legal dispute by the wise old Swede Þorgnýr the Lawspeaker, and which takes place in the ...
'' * '' Ísleifs þáttr byskups'' * '' Knúts þáttr hins ríka'' * '' Orkneyinga þáttr'' * '' Otto þáttr keisara'' * '' Ólafs þáttr Geirstaðaálfs'' * ''
Styrbjarnar þáttr Svíakappa ''Styrbjarnar þáttr Svíakappa'' (''The Tale of Styrbjörn the Swedish Champion'') is a short story, a ''þáttr'' on the Swedish claimant and Jomsviking Styrbjörn the Strong preserved in the ''Flatey Book'' (GKS 1005 fol 342-344, ca 1387-1395 ...
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Notes


Translations

* (Tale of Halfdan the Black, 1-11; Tale of Hauk High-Breeches, pp. 11–20; Tale of Jokul Buason, pp. 53–64; Tale of Brindle-Cross, pp. 65–72)


References

*Ármann Jakobsson (2013). 'The life and death of the medieval Icelandic short story'. ''JEGP, Journal of English and Germanic Philology''. 112. pp. 257–291 * Ashman Rowe, Elizabeth & Harris, Joseph (2007). 'Short Prose Narrative (''þáttr'')', in
Rory McTurk Rory W. McTurk is a British philologist. McTurk graduated from Oxford University in 1963. He took a further degree at the University of Iceland in 1965, and subsequently taught at Lund University, the University of Copenhagen, and University Col ...
(ed.) ''A Companion to Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture''. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 462–478 * * * O'Donoghue, Heather (2004). ''Old Norse-Icelandic Literature: A Short Introduction''.
Blackwell Publishing Wiley-Blackwell is an international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons. It was formed by the merger of John Wiley & Sons Global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business with Blackwell Publish ...
. * Sverrir Tómasson (2006). "Old Icelandic Prose," tr. Gunnþórunn Guðmundsdóttir, in Daisy Neijmann, ed. ''A History of Icelandic Literature''. Lincoln: University of Nebraska. {{DEFAULTSORT:Thaettr Old Norse literature Short stories