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The ''þættir'' (
Old Norse Old Norse, also referred to as Old Nordic or Old Scandinavian, was a stage of development of North Germanic languages, North Germanic dialects before their final divergence into separate Nordic languages. Old Norse was spoken by inhabitants ...
singular ''þáttr'', literally meaning a "strand" of rope or yarn)O'Donoghue (2004:226). are short stories written mostly in
Iceland Iceland is a Nordic countries, Nordic island country between the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between North America and Europe. It is culturally and politically linked with Europe and is the regi ...
during the 13th and 14th centuries. The majority of ''þættir'' occur in two compendious manuscripts, ''
Morkinskinna ''Morkinskinna'' is an Old Norse kings' saga, relating the history of Norwegian kings from approximately 1025 to 1157. The saga was written in Iceland around 1220, and has been preserved in a manuscript from around 1275. The name ''Morkinskinn ...
'' and ''
Flateyjarbók ''Flateyjarbók'' (; "Book of Flatey, Breiðafjörður, Flatey") is an important medieval Iceland, Icelandic manuscript. It is also known as GkS 1005 fol. and by the Latin name ''Codex Flateyensis''. It was commissioned by Jón Hákonarson and p ...
'', and within them most are found as digressions within kings' sagas. Sverrir Tómasson regards those in ''Morkinskinna'', at least, as '' exempla'' or illustrations inseparable from the narratives that contain them, filling out the picture of the kings' qualities, good and bad, as well as adding comic relief.Sverrir Tómasson (2006:111-13).


Íslendinga þættir

The short tales of Icelanders or ''Íslendinga þættir'' focus on Icelanders, often relating the story of their travels abroad to the court of a Norwegian king. List of short tales: * ''
Albani þáttr ok Sunnifu ''Albani þáttr ok Sunnifu'', also known as ''Seljumanna þáttr'', is a short tale (þáttr) about the Irish princess Sunniva who, not wishing to marry a heathen king, flees to the Norwegian island of Selje with her brother Albanus and a number ...
'' * '' Arnórs þáttr jarlaskálds'' * '' Auðunar þáttr vestfirzka'' * ''
Bergbúa þáttr ''Bergbúa þáttr'' ('The Tale of the Mountain-Dweller') is a short medieval Icelandic tale (þáttr). It tells of Þórðr and his companion who get lost on their way to church one winter and take refuge in a cave. Once inside, after they have s ...
'' * '' Bolla þáttr Bollasonar'' * ''
Brandkrossa þáttr ''Brandkrossa þáttr'' (The Tale of Brandkrossi) is a short Old Norse tale (''þáttr'') which serves as a prologue to ''Droplaugarsona saga''. Whereas ''Droplaugarsona saga'' details the descendants of Helgi Droplaugarson, ''Brandkrossa þáttr'' ...
'' * ''
Brands þáttr örva ''Brands þáttr örva'' (''The Tale of Brand the Generous'') is a very short ''þáttr'' which tells how king Haraldr Sigurðarson put Brandr Vermundarson's generosity to the test. It may have been written at the end of the 13th century. Brandr, ...
'' * '' Draumr Þorsteins Síðu-Hallssonar'' * '' Egils þáttr Síðu-Hallssonar'' * '' Einars þáttr Skúlasonar'' * '' Eiríks þáttr rauða'' * '' Geirmundar þáttr'' * '' Gísls þáttr Illugasonar'' * ''
Grœnlendinga þáttr (I) ''Grœnlendinga þáttr'' ('The Tale of the Greenlanders') is a short story about the exploration of Vinland in North America by Leif Erikson and later Norse explorers, including Thorvald Eiriksson, Thorfinn Karlsefni, and Freydís Eiríksdótt ...
'' * '' Grœnlendinga þáttr (II)/Einars þáttr Sokkasonar'' * '' Gull-Ásu-Þórðar þáttr'' * ''
Gunnars þáttr Þiðrandabana ''Gunnars þáttr Þiðrandabana'' (''The Short Saga of Gunnar, Thidrandi's Killer'') is a short saga (or þáttr) written in Old Norse in medieval Iceland. The events of the story take place in the Viking Age and concern Gunnar, a Norwegian merchan ...
'' * '' Halldórs þáttr Snorrasonar inn fyrri'' * '' Halldórs þáttr Snorrasonar inn síðari'' * '' Hallfreðar þáttr vandræðaskálds'' * '' Hauks þáttr hábrókar'' * '' Hrafns þáttr Guðrúnarsonar'' * ''
Hreiðars þáttr ''Hreiðars þáttr heimska'' or the ''Tale of Hreiðarr the Fool'' is one of the short tales of Icelanders. It tells of Hreiðarr, an apparently mentally disabled Icelandic man who travels to Norway in the time of the joint rule of the kings Magn ...
'' * '' Hrómundar þáttr halta'' * ''
Íslendings þáttr sögufróða ''Íslendings þáttr sögufróða'' (''The Tale of the Story-Wise Icelander'') is a very short ''þáttr'' about a young Icelandic storyteller at king Haraldr Sigurðarson's court. This ''þáttr'', which may have been written at the end of the 1 ...
'' * ''
Ívars þáttr Ingimundarsonar ''Ívars þáttr Ingimundarsonar'' (''The Tale of Ívarr Son of Ingimundr'') is a short ''þáttr'' which emphasizes king Eysteinn Eysteinn (Swedish: Östen; died ca 600) was a semi-legendary king of Sweden, the son of Eadgils. He was the fath ...
'' * '' Jökuls þáttr Búasonar'' * '' Kjartans þáttr Ólafssonar'' * '' Kristni þáttr'' * '' Kumlbúa þáttr'' * '' Mána þáttr skálds'' * '' Odds þáttr Ófeigssonar'' * '' Orms þáttr Stórólfssonar'' * '' Óttars þáttr svarta'' * '' Rauðs þáttr hins ramma'' * '' Rauðúlfs þáttr'' * '' Rögnvalds þáttr ok Rauðs'' * '' Sneglu-Halla þáttr'' * '' Steins þáttr Skaptasonar'' * '' Stefnis þáttr Þorgilssonar'' * '' Stjörnu-Odda draumr'' * '' Stúfs þáttr inn meiri'' * '' Stúfs þáttr inn skemmri'' * '' Svaða þáttr ok Arnórs kerlingarnefs'' * '' Sveins þáttr ok Finns'' * '' Þiðranda þáttr ok Þórhalls'' * '' Þorgríms þáttr Hallasonar'' * '' Þorleifs þáttr jarlaskálds'' * '' Þormóðar þáttr'' * '' Þorsteins þáttr Austfirðings'' * '' Þorsteins þáttr forvitna'' * '' Þorsteins þáttr Síðu-Hallssonar'' * '' Þorsteins þáttr skelks'' * '' Þorsteins þáttr stangarhöggs'' * '' Þorsteins þáttr sögufróða'' * '' Þorsteins þáttr tjaldstœðings'' * '' Þorsteins þáttr uxafóts'' * '' Þorvalds þáttr tasalda'' * '' Þorvalds þáttr víðförla'' * '' Þorvarðar þáttr krákunefs'' * '' Þórarins þáttr Nefjólfssonar'' * '' Þórarins þáttr ofsa'' * '' Þórarins þáttr stuttfeldar'' * '' Þórhalls þáttr knapps'' * '' Ævi Snorra goða'' * ''
Ögmundar þáttr dytts ''Ögmundar þáttr dytts ok Gunnars helmings'' is an Icelandic ''þáttr'' in two parts: the story of Ǫgmundr dyttr, a cousin of Víga-Glúmr, and the adventures in Sweden of a Norwegian called Gunnarr helmingr, who takes advantage of observances ...
'' (also known as ''Gunnars þáttr helmings'') * ''
Ölkofra þáttr ''Ölkofra þáttr'' (also known as ''Ölkofra saga''), the "Tale of Ölkofri" or the "Tale of Ale-Hood", is a þáttr, a minor Old Norse prose genre related to the sagas of Icelanders. Preserved in the 14th-century manuscript known as ''Möðruva ...
''


Legendary þættir

* '' Ásbjarnar þáttr Selsbana'' * '' Helga þáttr ok Úlfs'' * ''
Helga þáttr Þórissonar ''Helga þáttr Þórissonar'' is a ''þáttr'' or short legendary saga found within the '' Saga of Ólaf Tryggvason'' in the ''Flateyjarbók''. Plot On the way back from a trading voyage to Finnmark with his brother, Helgi Þórisson becomes lost ...
'' * ''
Norna-Gests þáttr ''Nornagests þáttr'' or the ''Story of Norna-Gest'' is a legendary saga about the Norse hero Nornagestr, sometimes called Gestr, and here anglicized as Norna-Gest. ''Nornagests þáttr'' is as an episode of the '' Saga of Óláfr Tryggvason'' ...
'' * ''
Ragnarssona þáttr The ''Tale of Ragnar's sons'' () is an Old Norse story about Ragnar Lodbrok and his sons. Summary Ragnar Lodbrok When Sigurd Ring dies, Ragnar Lodbrok succeeds him as the king of Sweden and Denmark. Many foreign kings come to take parts of hi ...
'' * ''
Sörla þáttr ''Sörla þáttr eða Heðins saga ok Högna'' is a short narrative from the extended version ''Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar en mesta'' found in the ''Flateyjarbók'' manuscript,Lindow (2002:280-281). which was written and compiled by two Christia ...
'' * '' Tóka þáttr Tókasonar'' * ''
Völsa þáttr ''Vǫlsa þáttr'' is a short story which is only extant in the ''Flateyjarbók'' codex, where it is found in a chapter of ''Óláfs saga helga''. It is probably from the 14th century but takes place in 1029, when Scandinavia was still largely pa ...
'' * ''
Þorsteins þáttr bæjarmagns ''Þorsteins þáttr bæjarmagns'' or ''The Story of Thorsteinn House-Power'' is a short legendary saga or þáttr. It is a reworking of many of Thor Thor (from ) is a prominent list of thunder gods, god in Germanic paganism. In Norse mythol ...
''


Other þættir

* '' Brenna Adams byskups'' * '' Eindriða þáttr ok Erlings'' * '' Eymundar þáttr hrings'' * '' Eymundar þáttr af Skörum'' * '' Hálfdanar þáttr svarta'' * '' Haralds þáttr grenska'' * '' Haralds þáttr hárfagra'' * ' (two versions) * '' Hróa þáttr heimska'' * '' Ísleifs þáttr byskups'' * '' Knúts þáttr hins ríka'' * '' Orkneyinga þáttr'' * '' Otto þáttr keisara'' * '' Ólafs þáttr Geirstaðaálfs'' * ''
Styrbjarnar þáttr Svíakappa ''Styrbjarnar þáttr Svíakappa'' (''The Tale of Styrbjörn the Swedish Champion'') is a short story, a ''þáttr'' on the Swedish claimant and Jomsviking Styrbjörn the Strong preserved in the '' Flatey Book'' (GKS 1005 fol 342-344, ca 1387- ...
''


Notes


Translations

* (Tale of Halfdan the Black, 1-11; Tale of Hauk High-Breeches, pp. 11–20; Tale of Jokul Buason, pp. 53–64; Tale of Brindle-Cross, pp. 65–72)


References

*Ármann Jakobsson (2013). 'The life and death of the medieval Icelandic short story'. ''JEGP, Journal of English and Germanic Philology''. 112. pp. 257–291 * Ashman Rowe, Elizabeth & Harris, Joseph (2007). 'Short Prose Narrative (''þáttr'')', in Rory McTurk (ed.) ''A Companion to Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture''. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 462–478 * * * O'Donoghue, Heather (2004). ''Old Norse-Icelandic Literature: A Short Introduction''.
Blackwell Publishing Wiley-Blackwell is an international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons. It was formed by the merger of John Wiley & Sons Global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business with Blackwell Publis ...
. * Sverrir Tómasson (2006). "Old Icelandic Prose," tr. Gunnþórunn Guðmundsdóttir, in Daisy Neijmann, ed. ''A History of Icelandic Literature''. Lincoln: University of Nebraska. {{DEFAULTSORT:Thaettr Old Norse literature Short stories