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Tipulidae
Crane fly is a common name referring to any member of the insect family (biology), family Tipulidae. Cylindrotominae, Limoniinae, and Pediciinae have been ranked as subfamilies of Tipulidae by most authors, though occasionally elevated to family rank. In the most recent classifications, only Pediciidae is now ranked as a separate family, due to considerations of paraphyly. In colloquial speech, crane flies are sometimes known as "mosquito hawks", "skeeter-eater", or "daddy longlegs", (a term also used to describe opiliones (harvestmen) and members of the spider family Pholcidae, both of which are arachnids). The larvae of crane flies are known commonly as leatherjackets. Crown group crane flies have existed since at least the Barremian Stage (stratigraphy), stage of the Early Cretaceous and Cosmopolitan distribution, are found worldwide, though individual species usually have limited ranges. They are most diverse in the tropics but are also common in northern latitudes and high e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limoniinae
The Limoniinae are a paraphyletic assemblage of genera within the crane flies, Tipulidae, although they can usually be distinguished by the way the wings are held at rest. Limoniines usually hold/fold the wings along the back of the body, whereas other tipulids usually hold them out at right angles. Snow flies (genus: ''Chionea'') such as ''Chionea scita'' have no wings at all. Limoniines are also usually smaller than other tipulids, with some exceptions. Limoniinae are a very large assemblage with nearly 10,500 described species in 133 genera, and were historically treated as a subfamily, but their classification is in flux; numerous authors recently treated the group at the rank of family, but subsequent phylogenetic analyses revealed that the remaining groups of tipulids render the group paraphyletic. These flies are found in damp places Cosmopolitan distribution, throughout the world, and many species form dense swarms in suitable habitats. Description For terms see Mor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holorusia
''Holorusia'' is a genus of true crane fly, including the largest known crane fly species, ''Holorusia mikado''. Biology The larvae are aquatic. Distribution Asia & Australasia. Species *'' H. aberrans'' (Alexander, 1920) *'' H. agni'' Alexander, 1971 *'' H. albicostigma'' (Alexander, 1950) *'' H. albovittata'' ( Macquart, 1838) *'' H. andrewsi'' (Edwards, 1932) *'' H. astarte'' (Alexander, 1949) *'' H. basiflava'' Yang & Yang, 1993 *'' H. bioculata'' (Alexander, 1967) *'' H. bitruncata'' (Alexander, 1950) *'' H. borneensis'' ( Brunetti, 1918) *'' H. bourbonica'' (Alexander, 1957) *'' H. brobdignagia'' ( Westwood, 1876) *'' H. calliergon'' (Alexander, 1940) *'' H. carmichaeli'' ( Brunetti, 1913) *'' H. castanea'' ( Macquart, 1838) *'' H. cerbereana'' (Alexander, 1942) *'' H. clavipes'' (Edwards, 1921) *'' H. conspicabilis'' Skuse, 1890 *'' H. cressida'' (Alexander, 1953) *'' H. damuda'' Evenhuis, 2006 *'' H. degeneri'' Alexander, 1978 *'' H. dives'' ( Brunetti, 1912) *'' H. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tipula
''Tipula'' is a very large insect genus in the fly family Tipulidae (crane flies). The members of this genus are sometimes collectively called common crane flies. ''Tipula'' contains over 2,000 species located throughout the world. Like all crane flies, ''Tipula'' species have long bodies and long legs, somewhat resembling large mosquitos Mosquitoes (or mosquitos) are members of a group of almost 3,600 species of small flies within the family Culicidae (from the Latin ''culex'' meaning "gnat"). The word "mosquito" (formed by ''mosca'' and diminutive ''-ito'') is Spanish for "litt .... Adults generally have a body length of 15-20 mm. They are usually brown with clear or brownish wings. They feed on nectar and are active throughout the year. ''Tipula'' maggots are sometimes known as "leather jackets" due to their tough skin. Technical description: Discal cell present ; M3 arises from M4 ; all tibiae spurred Antennae with whorls of long hairs. Rs usually long ; Sc ends far fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pediciidae
The Pediciidae or hairy-eyed craneflies are a family of flies closely related to true crane flies, with about 500 species worldwide. Description For terms see Morphology of Diptera. Pediciidae are medium-sized to large (5 mm., ''Dicranota'' 35 mm., ''Pedicia'') flies which resemble Tipulidae. The wings, legs and abdomen are long and slender. Ocelli are absent. The eyes are pubescent; short erect hairs are present in between the eye facets (the eyes are usually glabrous in related families). The antenna have 12-17 segments. The thorax has a V-shaped transverse suture. The wing has 2 anal veins. The apical crossveins and M-Cu form an oblique line. The wings of ''Pedicia'' have contrasting brown longitudinal stripes. Genera *Subfamily Pediciinae :*'' Dicranota'' Zetterstedt, 1838 :*''Heterangaeus'' Alexander, 1925 :*'' Malaisemyia'' Alexander, 1950 :*'' Nasiternella'' Wahlgren, 1904 :*'' Nipponomyia'' Alexander, 1924 :*'' Ornithodes'' Coquillett, 1900 :*'' Pedicia' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Paul Alexander
Charles Paul Alexander (September 25, 1889, Gloversville, New York - December 3, 1981) was an American entomologist who specialized in the craneflies, Tipulidae. Charles Paul Alexander was the son of Emil Alexander and Jane Alexander (née Parker). Emil (the father) immigrated to the United States in 1873 and changed his surname from Schlandensky to Alexander. Charles entered Cornell University in 1909, earning a Bachelor of Science in 1913 and a Ph.D. in 1918. Between 1917 and 1919, he was entomologist at the University of Kansas, then from 1919 to 1922, at the University of Illinois. He then became professor of entomology at Massachusetts Agricultural College at Amherst. He studied Diptera, especially in the family Tipulidae. He described over 11,000 species and genera of flies, which translates to approximately a species description a day for his entire career. In 1920, C.P. Alexander became a Fellow of the Entomological Society of America. Works Partial list A synopsis of pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nephrotoma Appendiculata
''Nephrotoma appendiculata'', the spotted crane fly, is a species of crane fly. Subspecies Subspecies include: *''Nephrotoma appendiculata appendiculata'' (Pierre, 1919) (Northwestern Europe and the Near East) *''Nephrotoma appendiculata pertenua'' Oosterbroek, 1978 (Southwestern Europe and North Africa) Distribution This species is present in most of Europe, in North Africa and in the Near East. Habitat These crane flies inhabit woodland edges, gardens, fields, rough grassland. and farmland.Description ''Nephrotoma appendiculata'' has a wingspan of about , and a body length of .[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cylindrotominae
The Cylindrotominae are a subfamily from the family Cylindrotomidae. These flies are closely related to true crane flies. Genera *''Cylindrotoma'' Macquart, 1834 *''Diogma'' Edwards, 1938 *''Liogma'' Osten Sacken, 1869 *''Phalacrocera'' Schiner, 1863 *''Triogma ''Triogma'' is a genus of crane fly in the family Cylindrotomidae. Biology The larvae of the genus ''Triogma'' live on mosses. Adults are to be found in damp wooded habitats. Distribution Canada, Northern United States, Japan, China & Northern ...'' Schiner, 1863 References * {{Taxonbar, from=Q4122109 Nematocera subfamilies Cylindrotomidae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pediciinae
The Pediciinae are a subfamily of flies in the family Pediciidae, closely related to Tipulidae (true craneflies). There are about 450 species worldwide. Genera *'' Dicranota'' Zetterstedt, 1838 *''Heterangaeus'' Alexander, 1925 *'' Malaisemyia'' Alexander, 1950 *'' Nasiternella'' Wahlgren, 1904 *'' Nipponomyia'' Alexander, 1924 *'' Ornithodes'' Coquillett, 1900 *'' Pedicia'' Latreille, 1809 *''Savchenkoiana'' Kocak, 1981 *'' Tricyphona'' Zetterstedt Johan Wilhelm Zetterstedt (20 May 1785 – 23 December 1874) was a Sweden, Swedish Naturalism (philosophy) , naturalist who worked mainly on Diptera and Hymenoptera. Biography Zetterstedt studied at the Lund University, University of Lund, where ..., 1837 References * Pediciidae Nematocera subfamilies {{Tipuloidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Larva
A larva (; plural larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. The larva's appearance is generally very different from the adult form (''e.g.'' caterpillars and butterflies) including different unique structures and organs that do not occur in the adult form. Their diet may also be considerably different. Larvae are frequently adapted to different environments than adults. For example, some larvae such as tadpoles live almost exclusively in aquatic environments, but can live outside water as adult frogs. By living in a distinct environment, larvae may be given shelter from predators and reduce competition for resources with the adult population. Animals in the larval stage will consume food to fuel their transition into the adult form. In some organisms like polychaetes and barnacles, adults are immobil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mosquito
Mosquitoes (or mosquitos) are members of a group of almost 3,600 species of small flies within the family Culicidae (from the Latin ''culex'' meaning " gnat"). The word "mosquito" (formed by ''mosca'' and diminutive ''-ito'') is Spanish for "little fly". Mosquitoes have a slender segmented body, one pair of wings, one pair of halteres, three pairs of long hair-like legs, and elongated mouthparts. The mosquito life cycle consists of egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages. Eggs are laid on the water surface; they hatch into motile larvae that feed on aquatic algae and organic material. These larvae are important food sources for many freshwater animals, such as dragonfly nymphs, many fish, and some birds such as ducks. The adult females of most species have tube-like mouthparts (called a proboscis) that can pierce the skin of a host and feed on blood, which contains protein and iron needed to produce eggs. Thousands of mosquito species feed on the blood of various hosts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opiliones
The Opiliones (formerly Phalangida) are an order of arachnids colloquially known as harvestmen, harvesters, harvest spiders, or daddy longlegs. , over 6,650 species of harvestmen have been discovered worldwide, although the total number of extant species may exceed 10,000. The order Opiliones includes five suborders: Cyphophthalmi, Eupnoi, Dyspnoi, Laniatores, and Tetrophthalmi, which were named in 2014. Representatives of each extant suborder can be found on all continents except Antarctica. Well-preserved fossils have been found in the 400-million-year-old Rhynie cherts of Scotland, and 305-million-year-old rocks in France. These fossils look surprisingly modern, indicating that their basic body shape developed very early on, and, at least in some taxa, has changed little since that time. Their phylogenetic position within the Arachnida is disputed; their closest relatives may be the mites (Acari) or the Novogenuata (the Scorpiones, Pseudoscorpiones, and Solifugae). Althou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antenna (biology)
Antennae ( antenna), sometimes referred to as "feelers", are paired appendages used for sensing in arthropods. Antennae are connected to the first one or two segments of the arthropod head. They vary widely in form but are always made of one or more jointed segments. While they are typically sensory organs, the exact nature of what they sense and how they sense it is not the same in all groups. Functions may variously include sensing touch, air motion, heat, vibration (sound), and especially smell or taste. Antennae are sometimes modified for other purposes, such as mating, brooding, swimming, and even anchoring the arthropod to a substrate. Larval arthropods have antennae that differ from those of the adult. Many crustaceans, for example, have free-swimming larvae that use their antennae for swimming. Antennae can also locate other group members if the insect lives in a group, like the ant. The common ancestor of all arthropods likely had one pair of uniramous (unbranched ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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