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Limoniinae
The Limoniinae are a paraphyletic assemblage of genera within the crane flies, Tipulidae, although they can usually be distinguished by the way the wings are held at rest. Limoniines usually hold/fold the wings along the back of the body, whereas other tipulids usually hold them out at right angles. Snow flies (genus: ''Chionea'') such as ''Chionea scita'' have no wings at all. Limoniines are also usually smaller than other tipulids, with some exceptions. Limoniinae are a very large assemblage with nearly 10,500 described species in 133 genera, and were historically treated as a subfamily, but their classification is in flux; numerous authors recently treated the group at the rank of family, but subsequent phylogenetic analyses revealed that the remaining groups of tipulids render the group paraphyletic. These flies are found in damp places Cosmopolitan distribution, throughout the world, and many species form dense swarms in suitable habitats. Description For terms see Mor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tipulidae
Crane fly is a common name referring to any member of the insect family (biology), family Tipulidae. Cylindrotominae, Limoniinae, and Pediciinae have been ranked as subfamilies of Tipulidae by most authors, though occasionally elevated to family rank. In the most recent classifications, only Pediciidae is now ranked as a separate family, due to considerations of paraphyly. In colloquial speech, crane flies are sometimes known as "mosquito hawks", "skeeter-eater", or "daddy longlegs", (a term also used to describe opiliones (harvestmen) and members of the spider family Pholcidae, both of which are arachnids). The larvae of crane flies are known commonly as leatherjackets. Crown group crane flies have existed since at least the Barremian Stage (stratigraphy), stage of the Early Cretaceous and Cosmopolitan distribution, are found worldwide, though individual species usually have limited ranges. They are most diverse in the tropics but are also common in northern latitudes and high e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chionea Scita
''Chionea scita'' is a species of crane fly in the family Limoniidae. ''C. scita'' is known as a type of snow crane fly because it is commonly seen walking on piles of snow during the winter months. These flies are also often observed in caves and heavily wooded areas. ''C. scita'' flies are small, hairy, wingless, and somewhat spider-like in appearance, unlike other flies. Both sexes are yellow-brown in color and are similar in size; however, sexual dimorphism is observed with respect to elements of external genitalia as well as femora length. ''C. scita'' are native to North America and are commonly seen in the northeast United States, as well as parts of Canada. The adults emerge during the winter months and can live for multiple months before their life cycle ends. Naming origin ''C. scita'' was first identified and named as such by English entomologist Francis Walker in 1848. The genus ''Chionea'' comes from the Greek word "chion" meaning snow. This is relevant because ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhipidia
''Rhipidia'' is a genus of crane fly in the family Limoniidae. Species *Subgenus '' Eurhipidia'' (Alexander, 1965) :*'' R. aoroneura'' (Alexander, 1956) :*'' R. argema'' (Alexander, 1967) :*'' R. brevifilosa'' (Alexander, 1965) :*'' R. citricolor'' (Alexander, 1976) :*'' R. coheriana'' (Alexander, 1959) :*'' R. endecamera'' (Alexander, 1960) :*'' R. expansimacula'' (Alexander, 1934) :*'' R. extraria'' (Alexander, 1955) :*'' R. formosana'' (Alexander, 1923) :*'' R. garrula'' (Alexander, 1933) :*'' R. garruloides'' (Alexander, 1933) :*'' R. hariola'' (Alexander, 1965) :*'' R. hexadiclona'' (Alexander, 1967) :*'' R. impicta'' (Edwards, 1933) :*'' R. incompleta'' (Riedel, 1914) :*'' R. luteipleuralis'' (Alexander, 1931) :*'' R. mediofilosa'' (Alexander, 1965) :*'' R. morionella'' (Edwards, 1928) :*'' R. perscitula'' (Alexander, 1966) :*'' R. pictipennis'' (Edwards, 1926) :*'' R. simplicis'' (Alexander, 1966) :*''Rhipidia submorionella, R. submorionella'' (Alexander, 1956) *Subgenus ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limonia Nubeculosa
''Limonia nubeculosa'', also known as the short-palped cranefly, is a species of crane flies in the family of Limoniidae.R. L. Coe, Paul Freeman & P. F. Mattingly Nematocera: families Tipulidae to Chironomidae (Tipulidae). ''Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects'' Vol 9 Part 2 ipdf download manual Out of date but online at no cost Description This species reaches a body length of to . The wings have a dark pattern on their front edge. The legs (femur The femur (; ), or thigh bone, is the proximal bone of the hindlimb in tetrapod vertebrates. The head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum in the pelvic bone forming the hip joint, while the distal part of the femur articulates with ...s) are coloured yellow and contain three dark rings. They are found in forests in Europe. They are most common in Central Europe and fly from April to November. File:Limonia nubeculosa, North Wales, May 2014 (17143821499).jpg References Limoniidae Insects descr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lotic
River ecosystems are flowing waters that drain the landscape, and include the Biotic component, biotic (living) interactions amongst plants, animals and micro-organisms, as well as abiotic (nonliving) physical and chemical interactions of its many parts.Angelier, E. 2003. Ecology of Streams and Rivers. Science Publishers, Inc., Enfield. Pp. 215.”Biology Concepts & Connections Sixth Edition”, Campbell, Neil A. (2009), page 2, 3 and G-9. Retrieved 2010-06-14. River Ecosystem, ecosystems are part of larger Drainage basin, watershed networks or catchments, where smaller headwater streams drain into mid-size streams, which progressively drain into larger river networks. The major zones in river ecosystems are determined by the river bed's gradient or by the velocity of the current. Faster moving turbulent water typically contains greater concentrations of Oxygen saturation, dissolved oxygen, which supports greater biodiversity than the slow-moving water of pools. These distinctio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sclerotin
Sclerotin is a component of the Arthropod cuticle, cuticle of various Arthropoda, most familiarly insects. It is formed by Cross-link, cross-linking members of particular classes of protein molecules, a biochemical process called sclerotization, a form of Tanning (leather), tanning in which quinones are enzymatically introduced into the cuticle, and react with terminal and lysine-related amino groups in the proteins to form strong links between the molecules.Chapman, R.F. (1969) ''The Insects: Structure and Function''. Elsevier, New York. Chapter 22.37 - "Expansion of the new cuticle is brought to an end by the onset of tanning" The resulting material increases the rigidity of an insect's chitinous exoskeleton. It is particularly prominent in the thicker, armoured parts of insect and arachnid integument, such as in the biting mouthparts and sclerites of scorpions and beetles. As it matures, freshly formed sclerotin becomes a hard, horn-like substance with a range of yellow-brown co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cercus
Cerci (singular cercus) are paired appendages on the rear-most segments of many arthropods, including insects and symphylans. Many forms of cerci serve as sensory organs, but some serve as pinching weapons or as organs of copulation. In many insects, they simply may be functionless vestigial structures. In basal arthropods, such as silverfish, the cerci originate from the eleventh abdominal segment. As segment eleven is reduced or absent in the majority of arthropods, in such cases, the cerci emerge from the tenth abdominal segment. It is not clear that other structures so named are homologous. In the Symphyla they are associated with spinnerets. Morphology and functions Most cerci are segmented and jointed, or filiform (threadlike), but some take very different forms. Some Diplura, in particular ''Japyx'' species, have large, stout forcipate (pincer-like) cerci that they use in capturing their prey. The Dermaptera, or earwigs, are well known for the forcipate cerci that most o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Larva
A larva (; plural larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. The larva's appearance is generally very different from the adult form (''e.g.'' caterpillars and butterflies) including different unique structures and organs that do not occur in the adult form. Their diet may also be considerably different. Larvae are frequently adapted to different environments than adults. For example, some larvae such as tadpoles live almost exclusively in aquatic environments, but can live outside water as adult frogs. By living in a distinct environment, larvae may be given shelter from predators and reduce competition for resources with the adult population. Animals in the larval stage will consume food to fuel their transition into the adult form. In some organisms like polychaetes and barnacles, adults are immobil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aquatic Animal
An aquatic animal is any animal, whether invertebrate or vertebrate, that lives in water for most or all of its lifetime. Many insects such as mosquitoes, mayflies, dragonflies and caddisflies have aquatic larvae, with winged adults. Aquatic animals may breathe air or extract oxygen from water through specialised organs called gills, or directly through the skin. Natural environments and the animals that live in them can be categorized as aquatic (water) or terrestrial (land). This designation is polyphyletic. Description The term aquatic can be applied to animals that live in either fresh water or salt water. However, the adjective marine is most commonly used for animals that live in saltwater, i.e. in oceans, seas, etc. Aquatic animals (especially freshwater animals) are often of special concern to conservationists because of the fragility of their environments. Aquatic animals are subject to pressure from overfishing, destructive fishing, marine pollution, hunting, and cli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Detritivore
Detritivores (also known as detrivores, detritophages, detritus feeders, or detritus eaters) are heterotrophs that obtain nutrients by consuming detritus (decomposing plant and animal parts as well as feces). There are many kinds of invertebrates, vertebrates and plants that carry out coprophagy. By doing so, all these detritivores contribute to decomposition and the nutrient cycles. They should be distinguished from other decomposers, such as many species of bacteria, fungi and protists, which are unable to ingest discrete lumps of matter, but instead live by absorbing and metabolizing on a molecular scale (saprotrophic nutrition). The terms ''detritivore'' and ''decomposer'' are often used interchangeably, but they describe different organisms. Detritivores are usually arthropods and help in the process of remineralization. Detritivores perform the first stage of remineralization, by fragmenting the dead plant matter, allowing decomposers to perform the second stage of reminerali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herbivore
A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage or marine algae, for the main component of its diet. As a result of their plant diet, herbivorous animals typically have mouthparts adapted to rasping or grinding. Horses and other herbivores have wide flat teeth that are adapted to grinding grass, tree bark, and other tough plant material. A large percentage of herbivores have mutualistic gut flora that help them digest plant matter, which is more difficult to digest than animal prey. This flora is made up of cellulose-digesting protozoans or bacteria. Etymology Herbivore is the anglicized form of a modern Latin coinage, ''herbivora'', cited in Charles Lyell's 1830 ''Principles of Geology''.J.A. Simpson and E.S.C. Weiner, eds. (2000) ''The Oxford English Dictionary'', vol. 8, p. 155. Richard Owen employed the anglicized term in an 1854 work on fossil teeth and skeletons. ''Herbivora'' is derived from Latin ''herba' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dicranomyia
''Dicranomyia'' is a genus of crane fly in the family Limoniidae. Larvae are mostly aquatic or semi-aquatic, with an exception found in a single Hawaiian Islands species which has a leaf-mining larva. Species ;Subgenus '' Alexandriaria'' Garrett, 1922 *'' D. phalangioides'' (Alexander, 1943) *'' D. suffusca'' (Garrett, 1922) *'' D. whartoni'' Needham, 1908 ;Subgenus '' Caenoglochina'' Alexander, 1964 *'' D. acuminata'' Alexander, 1921 *'' D. apicata'' Alexander, 1914 *'' D. basistylata'' (Alexander, 1928) *'' D. capitonius'' (Alexander, 1945) *'' D. egae'' Alexander, 1921 *'' D. fieldi'' (Alexander, 1967) *'' D. hoffmani'' (Alexander, 1927) *'' D. lotax'' (Alexander, 1971) *'' D. myctera'' (Alexander, 1967) *'' D. napoensis'' Alexander, 1921 *'' D. paniculata'' (Byers, 1981) *'' D. paucilobata'' (Alexander, 1940) *'' D. pugnax'' (Alexander, 1946) *'' D. rapax'' Alexander, 1921 *'' D. rogersiana'' Alexander, 1926 *'' D. scaenalis'' (Alexander, 1951) *'' D. sica'' (Alexander, 194 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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