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The Council Of The Syrian Charter
The Council of the Syrian Charter ( مجلس المدونة السورية; ''Majlis al-mudawana al-suriyya'') is a Syrian civil society body which officially announced its establishment in spring 2019 to bring together representatives from different families, regions, clans, tribes and religious communities from throughout Syria and from across the Syrian diaspora. The Council sees itself as "strictly non-partisan" network and as an "interface" between diverse elements of Syrian society, political actors, and the international community. The name of the council is derived from a charter called ' Code of Conduct for Syrian Co-Existence' (مدونة سلوك لعيش سوري مشترك), which was signed by its founding members in November 2017. The Arabic word ''mudawana'' can stand homonymously for 'charter' or 'code' . The existence of the 'Code of Conduct' was revealed to the international media in January 2018. The initiative claims to be the first of its kind as it broug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetrapylon
A tetrapylon ( el, τετράπυλον, "four gates"), plural ''tetrapyla'', known in Latin as a ''quadrifrons'' (literally "four fronts") is a type of ancient Roman monument of cubic shape, with a gate on each of the four sides, generally built on a crossroads. Overview The tetrapylon was a type of monument common in the Classical architecture. The defining quality of this form is the concept of four gates, with four pillars or other supporting structures placed at the corners marking the divisions between them. A tetrapylon could take the form of a single building or multiple, separate structures. They were built as landmarks at significant crossroads or geographical "focal points", as a sub-type of the Roman triumphal arch, or simply as decorative and aesthetically pleasing ornamental architecture. As applied to a triumphal arch (e.g., the Mausoleum of the Julii at Glanum, Arch of Janus, Rutupiae), a tetrapylon was effectively a 'doubling' of the original form; with a to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iman Shahoud
Iman (Eman) Shahoud, (born 1963 in Aleppo, (Arabic: إيمان شحود ) is a Syrian judge and legal expert. She is a human and women's rights activist and a current member of the Syrian Constitutional Committee. Early life and career Shahoud enrolled at the Law Faculty of the University of Aleppo in 1981, a time when the city was one of the central arenas of violent incidents known as the Islamist uprising in Syria (1979–1982). In 1986 Shahoud became a member of Syrian Bar Association as a paralegal and started practicing law as an attorney in 1988. Her cases encompassed criminal, civil, military and personal status law. In 2003 she was appointed Counselor at the Civil Division of the Aleppo Court of Appeal. Later on Shahoud was transferred to the Court of Appeal in Idlib where she worked as a judge. At that time, according to a 2007 report by the Global Justice Center less than 13% of Syrian magistrates where women. Political and constitutional activities With the escalat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sami Khiyami
Sami Khiyami ( ar, سامي خيامي) is a Syrian diplomat, former Syrian ambassador to London. Background Born on 28 August 1948, Khiyami studied Electrical Engineering at the American University of Beirut in Lebanon, and Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, France. An electronics expert by training, he has held a number of professional roles, including senior advisor to the Syrian banking industry and a member of the board of Syrian Arab Airlines. He speaks Arabic, English, French, and German. Issues In July 2006, Khiyami announced to the London media that Syria was attempting to dissuade Hezbollah from continuing to launch rocket attacks on Israel, the latter being part of the claimed justification for Israel's July air strikes on Lebanon. Khiyami has also argued that the international community, when gauging its response to the Middle East conflict, should examine the totality of the conflict's victims. Khiyami was seen as collaborating closely with Ghayth Armanazi of the S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jamil Mardam Bey
Jamil Mardam Bey ( ota, جميل مردم بك; tr, Cemil Mardam Bey; 1895–1960), was a Syrian politician. He was born in Damascus to a prominent aristocratic family. He is a descendant of the Ottoman general, statesman and Grand Vizier Lala Mustafa Pasha and the penultimate Mamluk ruler Qansuh al Ghuri. He studied at the school of Political Science in Paris and it was there that his political career started. Early political life Al-Fatat was a secret society founded in response to the nationalist agenda of the Young Turks Revolution in 1908, that gave priority to Turks above other citizens of the Ottoman Empire. Jamil Mardam Bey along with a small group of other students in Paris joined al-Fatat in 1911. The society called on Arab and Turkish citizens to remain united within the Ottoman framework, but claimed that Arabs should have rights and obligations equal to their Turkish counterparts. Mardam Bey helped organise the Arab Congress of 1913 in Paris, bringing together ref ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of the world's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, fashion, gastronomy, and science. For its leading role in the arts and sciences, as well as its very early system of street lighting, in the 19th century it became known as "the City of Light". Like London, prior to the Second World War, it was also sometimes called the capital of the world. The City of Paris is the centre of the Île-de-France region, or Paris Region, with an estimated population of 12,262,544 in 2019, or about 19% of the population of France, making the region France's primate city. The Paris Region had a GDP of €739 billion ($743 billion) in 2019, which is the highest in Europe. According to the Economist Intelli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bassma Kodmani
Bassma Kodmani ( ar, بسمة قضماني; 29 April 1958 – 2 March 2023) was a Syrian academic who was spokesperson of the Syrian National Council. She was the executive director of the Arab Reform Initiative, a network of independent Arab research and policy institutes working to promote democracy in the Arab world. Until 2011, she was the senior advisor to the director of the academic program at the Académie Diplomatique Internationale. From 2007 to 2009, she was a senior advisor on international cooperation to the French national research council and an associate researcher at the Centre d’études et de recherches internationales (CERI- Sciences Po) from 2006 to 2007. She also was a senior visiting fellow at the Collège de France from 2005 to 2006. From 1981 to 1998, she set up and directed the Middle East Program at the Institut Français des Relations Internationales (IFRI) in Paris and was an associate professor of international relations at the University of Pari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Bloc (Syria)
The National Bloc ( ar, الكتلة الوطنية ''Al-Kutlah Al-Wataniyah''; French: ''Bloc national'') was a Syrian political party that emerged to fight for Syrian independence during the French Mandate of Syria period. History The party was created after a national conference in 1928, by Ibrahim Hananu. It was not a structured party but rather a coalition of parties hostile to the French presence in Syria. The Bloc was led by notable conservatives; land owners, tradesmen, lawyers, etc. This coalition gathered the fifty most rich and powerful families of Syria. The political involvement of these notable people in the struggle for independence is reminiscent of the political struggle carried out in their youth against the Ottoman Empire. The National Bloc had no precise ideology, nor a social and economic agenda. The main objective which drove the movement forward was to return Syria's independence through diplomatic and non-violent actions. Legacy Full independence for Sy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abd Al-Rahman Al-Kayyali
Abd al-Rahman al-Kayyali (1887 – 13 September 1969) was a physician from the city of Aleppo and member of the Syrian independence movement who served as the Minister of Justice for two terms. Biography Born in Aleppo, al-Kayyali studied medicine at the Lebanese American University and graduated in 1914. Upon the emergence of WWI, he served as a medic in the Ottoman Army in Al-Hamraa, Hama Governorate. In 1919, al-Kayyali was among the founders of the Arab Club of Aleppo, a political salon and society that promoted Aleppine regionalism and Arab nationalism in Syria against the French rule during the Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon. Later on, he joined the National Bloc, in which he became a member of Parliament in 1928, 1936 and 1943. In the meantime, he served as the Minister of Justice during the premiership of Jamil Mardam Bey, Saadallah al-Jabiri and Faris al-Khoury, from 1936 to 1939 and from 1943 to 1945. Al-Kayyali also served as a diplomat for Syria. Afte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aleppo
)), is an adjective which means "white-colored mixed with black". , motto = , image_map = , mapsize = , map_caption = , image_map1 = , mapsize1 = , map_caption1 = , pushpin_map = Syria#Mediterranean east#Asia#Syria Aleppo , pushpin_label_position = left , pushpin_relief = yes , pushpin_mapsize = , pushpin_map_caption = Location of Aleppo in Syria , coordinates = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = , subdivision_type1 = Governorate , subdivision_type2 = District , subdivision_type3 = Subdistrict , subdivision_name1 = Aleppo Governorate , subdivision_name2 = Mount Simeon (Jabal Semaan) , subdivision_name3 = Mount Simeon ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandate For Syria And The Lebanon
The Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon (french: Mandat pour la Syrie et le Liban; ar, الانتداب الفرنسي على سوريا ولبنان, al-intidāb al-fransi 'ala suriya wa-lubnān) (1923−1946) was a League of Nations mandate founded in the aftermath of the First World War and the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire, concerning Syria (region), Syria and Lebanon. The mandate system was supposed to differ from colonialism, with the governing country intended to act as a trustee until the inhabitants were considered eligible for self-government. At that point, the mandate would terminate and an Sovereign state, independent state would be born. During the two years that followed the end of the war in 1918—and in accordance with the Sykes–Picot Agreement signed by United Kingdom, Britain and French Third Republic, France during the war—the British held control of most of Ottoman Iraq, Ottoman Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) and the southern part of Ottoman Syria (Palesti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Syrian Republic
The Second Syrian Republic—officially the Syrian Republic ' from 1950 to 1958 and the Syrian Arab Republic ' from 1961 to 1963—succeeded the First Syrian Republic that had become ''de facto'' independent in April 1946 from the French Mandate. The Second Republic was founded on the Syrian Constitution of 1950, which was suspended from 1953 to 1954 under Adib Shishakli's strongmanship, and later when Syria joined with the Republic of Egypt in forming the United Arab Republic in 1958. The Second Republic resumed when Syria withdrew from the union in 1961. In 1963, the Syrian Ba'athist Party came to power in a bloody military coup, which laid the foundations for the political structure in Syria to the present day. The green, white, black and red flag is the first flag of the Syrian Arab Republic and with the shortest usage, that being from 1961 to 1963. It is also the flag of the Syrian Opposition during the ongoing Syrian civil war. Background Mandatory Syrian Republic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
