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Tafaʻifa
is a historical Samoan title. It was the highest title of the Samoan aristocracy from the 16th to the 19th century. History Between roughly the 10th century and the 13th century, Samoa was under the rule of the Tuʻi Tonga Empire. Following Samoa's emancipation from the Tuʻi Tonga in the 13th century, the main power there remained the Tui Manuʻa, a dynasty from what is now American Samoa. Little by little, however, power shifted towards the western part of the archipelago. According to oral tradition, in the late 15th or early 16th century, the "warrior priestess" Nāfanua unified, by way of a military victory, the four highest titles then existing in the archipelagoGatoaʻitele, Tamasoaliʻi, Tui Aʻana, and Tui Ātua. She bequeathed them to her mentor, Levalasi Soʻoaʻemalelagi, who initially refused them for a time before accepting. Subsequently, around the beginning of the 15th century, these titles returned to the latter's niece, Salamāsina, a daughter of Tamalelag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Faʻamatai
''Faʻamatai'' is the indigenous political ('chiefly') system of Samoa, central to the organization of Samoan society. It is the traditional indigenous form of governance in both Samoas, comprising American Samoa and the Independent State of Samoa. The term comprises the prefix ''faʻa'' ( Samoan for "in the way of") and the word ''matai'' (family name or title). Of central importance in the system are the ''matai'', the holders of family chief titles, and their role in looking after their family. ''Faʻamatai'' is the key socio-political system of governance and way of life ('' faʻa Samoa'') in Samoan culture. Inherent in the ''faʻamatai'' system is the welfare and well-being of the extended family ('' ʻaiga'') and the protection of family property, consisting most importantly of customary land. About 81% (567,000 acres), is under customary ownership, with the rest under the national government (''malo'') as public lands with another 4% freehold. In the Independent Sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salamasina
Queen Salamāsina () was a powerful and high-ranking woman in Samoan social history. She held the four papā (district) titles which gave her the paramount status of Tafaʻifā ('one supported by four') on the western islands of Samoa. Contrary to popular belief she was not the first Tafaʻifā, as these titles were willed to her by their previous possessor, Nāfanua (Tonumaipe‘a Nāfanua). She is the titular ancestor of two of the four paramount titles of Samoa, Tupua Tamasese of Falefa and Salani and the Amaile Mataʻafa line. Family history Salamāsina descended from several powerful royal bloodlines. Her mother, Vaetoefaga, was an extremely highborn noblewoman who enjoyed a lofty position in both Samoan and Tongan societies. Vaetoefaga's father was the Tu‘i Tonga Kau‘ulufonua II (a son of Tu‘i Tonga Kau‘ulufonua I and the Samoan noblewoman Vainu‘ulasi) and her mother was Taupoimāsina (the daughter of high chief Lefono of Amoa, Savai‘i). As a teenager Vaetoe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samoa
Samoa, officially the Independent State of Samoa and known until 1997 as Western Samoa, is an island country in Polynesia, part of Oceania, in the South Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main islands (Savai'i and Upolu), two smaller, inhabited islands (Manono Island, Manono and Apolima), and several smaller, uninhabited islands, including the Aleipata Islands (Nuʻutele, Nuʻulua, Fanuatapu and Namua). Samoa is located west of American Samoa, northeast of Tonga, northeast of Fiji, east of Wallis and Futuna, southeast of Tuvalu, south of Tokelau, southwest of Hawaii, and northwest of Niue. The capital and largest city is Apia. The Lapita culture, Lapita people discovered and settled the Samoan Islands around 3,500 years ago. They developed a Samoan language and Culture of Samoa, Samoan cultural identity. Samoa is a Unitary state, unitary Parliamentary system, parliamentary democracy with 11 Districts of Samoa, administrative divisions. It is a sovereign state and a membe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Ireland
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the union of the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland into one sovereign state, established by the Acts of Union 1800, Acts of Union in 1801. It continued in this form until 1927, when it evolved into the United Kingdom, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, after the Irish Free State gained a degree of independence in 1922. It was commonly known as Great Britain, Britain or England. Economic history of the United Kingdom, Rapid industrialisation that began in the decades prior to the state's formation continued up until the mid-19th century. The Great Famine (Ireland), Great Irish Famine, exacerbated by government inaction in the mid-19th century, led to Societal collapse, demographic collapse in much of Ireland and increased calls for Land Acts (Ireland), Irish land reform. The 19th century was an era of Industrial Revolution, and growth of trade and finance, in which Britain largely dominate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tamaʻāiga
(meaning "sons of the families") is a Samoan term used to refer to the four high chiefly titles in the system of the Independent State of Samoathe Malietoa, Mataʻafa, Tupua Tamasese and Tuimalealiʻifano. American Samoa has its own paramount chiefs, known as , who are the sole authority of their districtsthe Leʻiato, Faumuina, Mauga, Tuitele, Fuimaono, Sātele, Letuli, and Tui Manuʻa. History The term first emerged during the ascension of Fuiavailili in the aftermath of King Muagututia's death in the late 17th century. Before affirming his kingship, the powerful orator polities of Lufilufi and Leulumoega had to first verify his royal pedigree by identifying the families and lineages to which he was connected. Having been satisfied, the orator polity declared Fuiavailili was a , owing to his ancestry and links to the great families of Samoa and was subsequently proclaimed king. By the last quarter of the 19th century, the status of the four dominant high chiefly dynastie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Samoa
The Samoan Islands were first settled some 3,500 years ago as part of the Austronesian expansion. Both Samoa's early history and its more recent history are strongly connected to the histories of Tonga and Fiji, nearby islands with which Samoa has long had genealogical links as well as shared cultural traditions. European explorers first reached the Samoan islands in the early 18th century. In 1768, Louis-Antoine de Bougainville named them the ''Navigator Islands''. The United States Exploring Expedition (1838–42), led by Charles Wilkes, reached Samoa in 1839. In 1855, J.C. Godeffroy & Sohn expanded its trading business into the Samoan archipelago. The first Samoan Civil War (1886-1894) led to the so-called Samoan crisis, a struggle between Western powers for control of the area. This in turn led to the Second Samoan Civil War (1898-1899), which was resolved by the Tripartite Convention, in which the United States, Great Britain and Germany agreed to partition the islands ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Samoa
German Samoa officially Malo Kaisalika / Kingdom of Samoa (; Samoan: ''Malo Kaisalika'') was a German protectorate from 1900 to 1920, consisting of the islands of Upolu, Savai'i, Apolima and Manono, now wholly within the Independent State of Samoa, formerly ''Western Samoa''. Samoa was the last German colonial acquisition in the Pacific basin, received following the Tripartite Convention signed at Washington on 2 December 1899 with ratifications exchanged on 16 February 1900.Ryden, George Herbert. ''The Foreign Policy of the United States in Relation to Samoa''. New York: Octagon Books, 1975. (Reprint by special arrangement with Yale University Press. Originally published at New Haven: Yale University Press, 1928), p. 574; the Tripartite Convention (United States, Germany, Great Britain) was signed at Washington on 2 December 1899 with ratifications exchanged on 16 February 1900 It was the only German colony in the Pacific, aside from the Jiaozhou Bay Leased Territory i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tripartite Convention
The Tripartite Convention of 1899 concluded the Second Samoan Civil War, resulting in the formal partition of the Samoan archipelago into a German colony and a United States territory. Forerunners to the Tripartite Convention of 1899 were the Washington Conference of 1887, the Treaty of Berlin of 1889, and the Anglo-German Agreement on Samoa of 1899. Politics prior to the convention By the 1870s, modern economic conditions were well established and accepted by the Samoans, who had just enough of a government that could be manipulated at will by the foreign business interests in Samoa. After the United States concluded a friendship treaty with Samoa in 1878, Germany negotiated her own Favorite Nation Treaty in 1879 with the same Samoan faction as the U.S., while later in 1879 the Anglo-Samoan treaty was completed with a rival faction. Contentions among the whites in Samoa, plus native factional strife led to side-choosing that became deadly warring with the introduction of mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samoan Civil War
The turbulent decades of the late 19th century saw several conflicts between rival Samoan factions in the Samoan Islands of the South Pacific. The political struggle lasted roughly between 1886 and 1894, primarily between Samoans contesting whether Malietoa Laupepa, Mata'afa Iosefo or a member of the Tupua Tamasese dynasty would be King of Samoa. While largely a political struggle, there were also armed skirmishes between the factions. The military of the German Empire intervened on several occasions. A naval standoff between the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom ensued. Malietoa Laupepa ascended to the kingship in 1881. However, relations between him and the German Empire collapsed in 1885–1886, and the Germans arranged his exile from the Samoan Islands in 1887. In Laupepa's absence, the Germans supported Tamasese's claim to leadership while Mata'afa formed a rival government weakly supported by the United States. After the 1889 Apia cyclone destroyed s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tamaʻāiga
(meaning "sons of the families") is a Samoan term used to refer to the four high chiefly titles in the system of the Independent State of Samoathe Malietoa, Mataʻafa, Tupua Tamasese and Tuimalealiʻifano. American Samoa has its own paramount chiefs, known as , who are the sole authority of their districtsthe Leʻiato, Faumuina, Mauga, Tuitele, Fuimaono, Sātele, Letuli, and Tui Manuʻa. History The term first emerged during the ascension of Fuiavailili in the aftermath of King Muagututia's death in the late 17th century. Before affirming his kingship, the powerful orator polities of Lufilufi and Leulumoega had to first verify his royal pedigree by identifying the families and lineages to which he was connected. Having been satisfied, the orator polity declared Fuiavailili was a , owing to his ancestry and links to the great families of Samoa and was subsequently proclaimed king. By the last quarter of the 19th century, the status of the four dominant high chiefly dynastie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Empire
The German Empire (),; ; World Book, Inc. ''The World Book dictionary, Volume 1''. World Book, Inc., 2003. p. 572. States that Deutsches Reich translates as "German Realm" and was a former official name of Germany. also referred to as Imperial Germany, the Second Reich or simply Germany, was the period of the German Reich; . from the unification of Germany in 1871 until the German revolution of 1918–1919, November Revolution in 1918, when the German Reich changed its form of government from a monarchy to a Weimar Republic, republic. The German Empire consisted of States of the German Empire, 25 states, each with its own nobility: four constituent Monarchy, kingdoms, six Grand duchy, grand duchies, five Duchy, duchies (six before 1876), seven Principality, principalities, three Free imperial city, free Hanseatic League, Hanseatic City-state, cities, and Alsace–Lorraine, one imperial territory. While Prussia was one of four kingdoms in the realm, it contained about two-thirds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States
The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 contiguous states border Canada to the north and Mexico to the south, with the semi-exclave of Alaska in the northwest and the archipelago of Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean. The United States asserts sovereignty over five Territories of the United States, major island territories and United States Minor Outlying Islands, various uninhabited islands in Oceania and the Caribbean. It is a megadiverse country, with the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, third-largest land area and List of countries and dependencies by population, third-largest population, exceeding 340 million. Its three Metropolitan statistical areas by population, largest metropolitan areas are New York metropolitan area, New York, Greater Los Angeles, Los Angel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
