|
Substitution Of Variables
Substitution may refer to: Arts and media *Chord substitution, in music, swapping one chord for a related one within a chord progression * Substitution (poetry), a variation in poetic scansion * "Substitution" (song), a 2009 song by Silversun Pickups * Substitution (theatre), an acting methodology *Tritone substitution, in music, reinterpreting a chord via a new root note located an augmented fourth or diminished fifth distant from the root of the original interpretation Science and mathematics Biology and chemistry *Base-pair substitution or point mutation, a type of mutation *Substitution reaction, where a functional group in a chemical compound is replaced by another group *Substitution, a process in which an allele arises and undergoes fixation Mathematics and computing *Substitution (algebra), replacing occurrences of some symbol by a given value *Substitution (logic), a syntactic transformation on strings of symbols of a formal language *String substitution, a mapping of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substitution
Substitution may refer to: Arts and media *Chord substitution, in music, swapping one chord for a related one within a chord progression * Substitution (poetry), a variation in poetic scansion * "Substitution" (song), a 2009 song by Silversun Pickups * Substitution (theatre), an acting methodology *Tritone substitution, in music, reinterpreting a chord via a new root note located an augmented fourth or diminished fifth distant from the root of the original interpretation Science and mathematics Biology and chemistry *Base-pair substitution or point mutation, a type of mutation *Substitution reaction, where a functional group in a chemical compound is replaced by another group *Substitution, a process in which an allele arises and undergoes fixation Mathematics and computing *Substitution (algebra), replacing occurrences of some symbol by a given value *Substitution (logic), a syntactic transformation on strings of symbols of a formal language *String substitution, a mapping of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Integration By Substitution
In calculus, integration by substitution, also known as ''u''-substitution, reverse chain rule or change of variables, is a method for evaluating integrals and antiderivatives. It is the counterpart to the chain rule for differentiation, and can loosely be thought of as using the chain rule "backwards". Substitution for a single variable Introduction Before stating the result rigorously, consider a simple case using indefinite integrals. Compute \textstyle\int(2x^3+1)^7(x^2)\,dx. Set u=2x^3+1. This means \textstyle\frac=6x^2, or in differential form, du=6x^2\,dx. Now :\int(2x^3 +1)^7(x^2)\,dx = \frac\int\underbrace_\underbrace_=\frac\int u^\,du=\frac\left(\fracu^\right)+C=\frac(2x^3+1)^+C, where C is an arbitrary constant of integration. This procedure is frequently used, but not all integrals are of a form that permits its use. In any event, the result should be verified by differentiating and comparing to the original integrand. :\frac\left frac(2x^3+1)^+C\right\f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substituent
A substituent is one or a group of atoms that replaces (one or more) atoms, thereby becoming a moiety in the resultant (new) molecule. (In organic chemistry and biochemistry, the terms ''substituent'' and ''functional group'', as well as ''side chain'' and '' pendant group'', are used almost interchangeably to describe those branches from the parent structure, though certain distinctions are made in polymer chemistry. In polymers, side chains extend from the backbone structure. In proteins, side chains are attached to the alpha carbon atoms of the amino acid backbone.) The suffix ''-yl'' is used when naming organic compounds that contain a single bond replacing one hydrogen; ''-ylidene'' and ''-ylidyne'' are used with double bonds and triple bonds, respectively. In addition, when naming hydrocarbons that contain a substituent, positional numbers are used to indicate which carbon atom the substituent attaches to when such information is needed to distinguish between isomers. Su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simultaneous Substitution
Simultaneous substitution (also known as simsubbing or signal substitution) is a practice mandated by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) requiring broadcast distribution undertakings (BDUs) in Canada to distribute the signal of a local or regional over-the-air station in place of the signal of a foreign or non-local television station (typically one that is affiliated with a U.S. commercial television network such as ABC, CBS, NBC, and Fox), when the two stations are broadcasting identical programming simultaneously. The CRTC first introduced the policy in 1972, and it is sometimes erroneously called "simulcasting", the name of a practice different from simultaneous substitution in that there is no signal replacement. According to the CRTC, the practice of simultaneous substitution is necessary "to protect the rights of broadcasters, to enable television stations to draw enough advertising revenue and to keep advertising money in the Canadia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Penal Substitution
Penal substitution (sometimes, esp. in older writings, called forensic theory)D. Smith, The atonement in the light of history and the modern spirit' (London: Hodder and Stoughton), p. 96-7: 'THE FORENSIC THEORY...each successive period of history has produced its peculiar type of soteriological doctrine...the third period--the period ushered in by the Reformation.' Vincent Taylor, ''The Cross of Christ'' (London: Macmillan & Co, 1956), p. 71-2: '...the ''four main types'', which have persisted throughout the centuries. The oldest theory is the ''Ransom Theory''...It held sway for a thousand years. ..The ''Forensic Theory'' is that of the Reformers and their successors.' is a theory of the atonement within Christian theology, which declares that Christ, voluntarily submitting to God the Father's plan, was punished (penalized) in the place of sinners (substitution), thus satisfying the demands of justice so God can justly forgive sins making us at one with God (atonement). It began ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Import Substitution Industrialization
Import substitution industrialization (ISI) is a trade and economic policy that advocates replacing foreign imports with domestic production.''A Comprehensive Dictionary of Economics'' p.88, ed. Nelson Brian 2009. It is based on the premise that a country should attempt to reduce its foreign dependency through the local production of industrialized products. The term primarily refers to 20th-century development economics policies, but it has been advocated since the 18th century by economists such as Friedrich ListMehmet, Ozay (1999). ''Westernizing the Third World: The Eurocentricity of Economic Development.'' London: Routledge. and Alexander Hamilton.Chang, Ha-Joon (2002). ''Kicking Away the Ladder: Development Strategy in Historical Perspective.'' London: Anthem Press. ISI policies have been enacted by developing countries with the intention of producing development and self-sufficiency by the creation of an internal market. The state leads economic development by nationalizat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substitution (sport)
In team sports, substitution (or interchange) is replacing one player with another during a match. Substitute players that are not in the starting lineup (also known as bench players, backups, interchange, or reserves) reside on the bench and are available to substitute for a starter. Later in the match, that substitute may be substituted for by another substitute or by a starter who is currently on the bench. Some sports have restrictions on substituting or interchanging players whereas others do not. Futsal, handball, ice hockey and lacrosse are examples of sports which allow an unlimited number of substitutions at any time during the game, subject to certain rules. American football, basketball, and water polo are examples of sports that allow unlimited substitutions during stoppages of play, but not during live play. Association football, baseball, and rugby are examples of sports where teams are only permitted a limited number of substitutions during a game. In motors ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substitution (law)
In legal terms, the right of substitution is a statutory right of all parties except the state. It is the right to change the presiding court official with or without cause. Judges are usually given cases randomly within a jurisdiction (unless there is only one judge in a jurisdiction, in which case they receive all cases). The right of substitution does not give a litigant the right to choose a judge, just the random selection of another judge in the jurisdiction. If the right is exercised in a jurisdiction with one judge usually a judge from a neighboring jurisdiction will take the case, although on occasion a Reserve Judge or Commissioner may be used. Right of substitution with cause The right of substitution, where applicable, may be exercised by criminal and juvenile defendants and all parties in a civil action. Substitution for cause can be for any bias a judge may have in the case, such as an association with a party (family, friendship or even stock ownership), hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substitution Method
In optical fiber technology, the substitution method is a method of measuring the transmission loss of a fiber. It consists of: #using a stable optical source, at the wavelength of interest, to drive a mode scrambler, the output of which overfills (drives) a 1 to 2 meter long reference fiber having physical and optical characteristics matching those of the fiber under test, #measuring the power level at the output of the reference fiber, #repeating the procedure, substituting the fiber under test for the reference fiber, and #subtracting the power level obtained at the output of the fiber under test from the power level obtained at the output of the reference fiber, to get the transmission loss of the fiber under test. The substitution method has certain shortcomings with regard to its accuracy Accuracy and precision are two measures of ''observational error''. ''Accuracy'' is how close a given set of measurements (observations or readings) are to their ''true value'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Attribute Substitution
Attribute substitution is a psychological process thought to underlie a number of cognitive biases and perceptual illusions. It occurs when an individual has to make a judgment (of a ''target attribute'') that is computationally complex, and instead substitutes a more easily calculated ''heuristic attribute''. This substitution is thought of as taking place in the automatic ''intuitive'' judgment system, rather than the more self-aware ''reflective'' system. Hence, when someone tries to answer a difficult question, they may actually answer a related but different question, without realizing that a substitution has taken place. This explains why individuals can be unaware of their own biases, and why biases persist even when the subject is made aware of them. It also explains why human judgments often fail to show regression toward the mean. The theory of attribute substitution unifies a number of separate explanations of reasoning errors in terms of cognitive heuristics. In turn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substitution (economics)
In microeconomics, two goods are substitutes if the products could be used for the same purpose by the consumers. That is, a consumer perceives both goods as similar or comparable, so that having more of one good causes the consumer to desire less of the other good. Contrary to complementary goods and independent goods, substitute goods may replace each other in use due to changing economic conditions. An example of substitute goods is Coca-Cola and Pepsi; the interchangeable aspect of these goods is due to the similarity of the purpose they serve, i.e fulfilling customers' desire for a soft drink. These types of substitutes can be referred to as close substitutes. Definition Economic theory describes two goods as being close substitutes if three conditions hold: # products have the same or similar performance characteristics # products have the same or similar occasion for use and # products are sold in the same geographic area Performance characteristics describe what the pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.png "Click for more on -> Import Substitution Industrialization")
_(cropped).jpg "Click for more on -> Attribute Substitution")
