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Stigmatomycosis
Stigmatomycosis is a fungal disease that occurs in a number of crops, such as cotton, soybean, pecan, pomegranate, citrus, and pistachio. It has been reported on pistachio in Greece, Iran, Russia, and is frequently a problem in California pistachio orchards severely infested by hemipteran insects. In a 1989 survey in California, fruit with stigmatomycosis were found in 90% of samples collected from late June to mid-September and from all growing areas. Symptoms Stigmatomycosis is characterized by a wet, smelly, rancid, slimy kernel. Kernels with stigmatomycosis can be 1) small, dark green and partially developed with a brown funiculus, 2) well-developed, dark green and rancid, or 3) full-sized but abnormal, being white or light yellow and jelly-like, with a lobed appearance. In contrast, symptoms of kernel necrosis, which is caused by large hemipterans, are dry, punky, brown areas in the kernel. Sometimes, kernel necrosis and stigmatomycosis symptoms can be present in the same ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ashbya Gossypii
(also known as Ashbya gossypii) is a filamentous fungus or mold closely related to yeast, but growing exclusively in a filamentous way. It was originally isolated from cotton as a pathogen causing stigmatomycosis by Ashby and Nowell in 1926. This disease affects the development of hair cells in cotton bolls and can be transmitted to citrus fruits, which thereupon dry out and collapse (dry rot disease). In the first part of the 20th century, and two other fungi causing stigmatomycosis (, ) made it virtually impossible to grow cotton in certain regions of the subtropics, causing severe economical losses. Control of the spore-transmitting insects cotton stainer() and - permitted full eradication of infections. was recognized as a natural overproducer of riboflavin (vitamin B2), which protects its spores against ultraviolet light. This made it an interesting organism for industries, where genetically modified strains are still used to produce this vitamin. as a model organism ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cotton
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus ''Gossypium'' in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure cellulose, and can contain minor percentages of waxes, fats, pectins, and water. Under natural conditions, the cotton bolls will increase the dispersal of the seeds. The plant is a shrub native to tropical and subtropical regions around the world, including the Americas, Africa, Egypt and India. The greatest diversity of wild cotton species is found in Mexico, followed by Australia and Africa. Cotton was independently domesticated in the Old and New Worlds. The fiber is most often spun into yarn or thread and used to make a soft, breathable, and durable textile. The use of cotton for fabric is known to date to prehistoric times; fragments of cotton fabric dated to the fifth millennium BC have been found in the Indus Valley civilization, as well as fabric remnants dated back ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seed
A seed is an embryonic plant enclosed in a protective outer covering, along with a food reserve. The formation of the seed is a part of the process of reproduction in seed plants, the spermatophytes, including the gymnosperm and angiosperm plants. Seeds are the product of the ripened ovule, after the embryo sac is fertilized by sperm from pollen, forming a zygote. The embryo within a seed develops from the zygote, and grows within the mother plant to a certain size before growth is halted. The seed coat arises from the integuments of the ovule. Seeds have been an important development in the reproduction and success of vegetable gymnosperm and angiosperm plants, relative to more primitive plants such as ferns, mosses and liverworts, which do not have seeds and use water-dependent means to propagate themselves. Seed plants now dominate biological niches on land, from forests to grasslands both in hot and cold climates. The term "seed" also has a general me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calocoris
''Calocoris'' is a genus of true bugs in the Miridae The Miridae are a large and diverse insect family at one time known by the taxonomic synonym Capsidae. Species in the family may be referred to as capsid bugs or "mirid bugs". Common names include plant bugs, leaf bugs, and grass bugs. It is th ... family. Species *'' Calocoris affinis'' *'' Calocoris alpestris'' *'' Calocoris angustatus'' *'' Calocoris aragonus'' *'' Calocoris barberi'' *'' Calocoris braunsi'' *'' Calocoris dohertyi'' *'' Calocoris fasciativentris'' *'' Calocoris forsythi'' *'' Calocoris fulvomaculatus'' *'' Calocoris javanus'' *'' Calocoris montaguei'' *'' Calocoris nemoralis'' *'' Calocoris nigristigmaticus'' *'' Calocoris porphyropterus'' *'' Calocoris rama'' *'' Calocoris roseomaculatus'' *'' Calocoris rubicundus'' *'' Calocoris rubroannulatus'' *'' Calocoris smaragdinus'' *'' Calocoris stoliczkanus'' *'' Calocoris texanus'' References Further reading * Rosenzweig, V. Ye. (1997) "Revised clas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lygus
The genus ''Lygus'' includes over 40 species of plant-feeding insects in the family Miridae. The term lygus bug is used for any member of genus ''Lygus''. Species At one time, nearly 200 species were classified as genus ''Lygus'', but most of those have since been reclassified into new or existing genera. Species within this genus include: * '' Lygus abroniae'' * '' Lygus aeratus'' * '' Lygus atriflavus'' * '' Lygus atritibialis'' * '' Lygus borealis'' * '' Lygus bradleyi'' * '' Lygus ceanothi'' * '' Lygus convexicollis'' * '' Lygus elisus'' * '' Lygus gemellatus'' * '' Lygus hesperus'' * '' Lygus humeralis'' * '' Lygus keltoni'' * ''Lygus lineolaris'' * '' Lygus lupini'' * '' Lygus maritimus'' * '' Lygus mexicanus'' * '' Lygus oregonae'' * '' Lygus perplexus'' * '' Lygus plagiatus'' * '' Lygus potentillae'' * '' Lygus pratensis'' * '' Lygus punctatus'' * '' Lygus robustus'' * '' Lygus rolfsi'' * '' Lygus rubroclarus'' * '' Lygus rubrosignatus'' * '' Lygus rufidorsus'' * '' Lygus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Symptoms
Signs and symptoms are the observed or detectable signs, and experienced symptoms of an disease, illness, injury, or condition. A sign for example may be a higher or lower temperature than normal, raised or lowered blood pressure or an abnormality showing on a Medical imaging, medical scan. A symptom is something out of the ordinary that is experienced by an individual such as feeling feverish, a headache or other pain or pains in the body. Signs and symptoms Signs A medical sign is an Objectivity (science), objective observable indication of a disease, injury, or abnormal physiological state that may be detected during a physical examination, examining the patient history, or diagnostic procedure. These signs are visible or otherwise detectable such as a rash or hematoma, bruise. Medical signs, along with symptoms, assist in formulating diagnostic hypothesis. Examples of signs include hypertension, elevated blood pressure, nail clubbing of the fingernails or toenails, staggerin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leptoglossus Clypealis
''Leptoglossus clypealis'', the western leaf-footed bug, is a species of leaf-footed bug in the family Coreidae. It is found in Central America and North America. In the 1980s, Hasan Bolkan discovered that the leaf-footed bug was a cause of lesions on commercially produced pistachio The pistachio (, ''Pistacia vera''), a member of the cashew family, is a small tree originating from Central Asia and the Middle East. The tree produces seeds that are widely consumed as food. ''Pistacia vera'' is often confused with other sp ... crops. References External links * Articles created by Qbugbot Insects described in 1910 Anisoscelidini Hemiptera of North America Hemiptera of Central America {{Coreidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leaffooted
Coreidae is a large family of predominantly sap-sucking insects in the Hemipteran suborder Heteroptera. The name "Coreidae" derives from the genus ''Coreus'', which derives from the Ancient Greek () meaning bedbug. As a family, the Coreidae are cosmopolitan, but most of the species are tropical or subtropical. Common names and significance The common names of the Coreidae vary regionally. Leaf-footed bug refers to leaf-like expansions on the legs of some species, generally on the hind tibiae. In North America, the pest status of species such as ''Anasa tristis'' on squash plants and other cucurbits gave rise to the name squash bugs. The Coreidae are called twig-wilters or tip-wilters in parts of Africa and Australia because many species feed on young twigs, injecting enzymes that macerate the tissues of the growing tips and cause them to wilt abruptly. Morphology and appearance The Coreidae commonly are oval-shaped, with antennae composed of four segments, numerous veins in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chlorochroa Ligata
''Chlorochroa ligata'', the conchuela bug, is a species of stink bug in the family Pentatomidae. It is found in Central America and North America. References External links * Articles created by Qbugbot Insects described in 1832 Pentatomini {{Pentatomidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chlorochroa Uhleri
''Chlorochroa uhleri'', or Uhler's stink bug, is a species of stink bug in the family Pentatomidae. It is found in Central America and North America. References External links * Articles created by Qbugbot Insects described in 1872 Pentatomini Hemiptera of Central America {{Pentatomidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thyanta Pallidovirens
''Thyanta pallidovirens'', the red-shouldered stink bug, is a species of stink bug in the family Pentatomidae. It is found in Central America Central America ( es, América Central or ) is a subregion of the Americas. Its boundaries are defined as bordering the United States to the north, Colombia to the south, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. ... and North America. Subspecies These three subspecies belong to the species ''Thyanta pallidovirens'': * ''Thyanta pallidovirens pallidovirens'' (Stål, 1859) * ''Thyanta pallidovirens setosa'' Ruckes, 1957 * ''Thyanta pallidovirens spinosa'' Ruckes, 1957 References Further reading * External links * Articles created by Qbugbot Insects described in 1859 Pentatomini Hemiptera of Central America {{Pentatomidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pest (organism)
A pest is any animal or plant harmful to humans or human concerns. The term is particularly used for creatures that damage crops, livestock, and forestry or cause a nuisance to people, especially in their homes. Humans have modified the environment for their own purposes and are intolerant of other creatures occupying the same space when their activities impact adversely on human objectives. Thus, an elephant is unobjectionable in its natural habitat but a pest when it tramples crops. Some animals are disliked because they bite or sting; snake Snakes are elongated, Limbless vertebrate, limbless, carnivore, carnivorous reptiles of the suborder Serpentes . Like all other Squamata, squamates, snakes are ectothermic, amniote vertebrates covered in overlapping Scale (zoology), scales. Ma ...s, wasps, ants, bed bugs, fleas and ticks belong in this category. Others enter the home; these include houseflies, which land on and contaminate food, beetles, which tunnel into the woodwor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
