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Lavender Marriages
A lavender marriage is a male–female mixed-orientation marriage, undertaken as a marriage of convenience to conceal the socially stigmatised sexual orientation of one or both partners. The term dates from the early 20th century and is used almost exclusively to characterize certain marriages of public celebrities in the first half of the 20th century, primarily before World War II, when public attitudes made it impossible for a person acknowledging homosexuality to pursue a public career, notably in the Hollywood film industry. One of the earliest uses of the phrase appeared in the British press in 1895, at a time when the colour of lavender was associated with homosexuality. In Anglosphere With the inclusion of morality clauses in the contracts of Hollywood actors in the 1920s, some closeted stars contracted marriages of convenience to protect their public reputations and preserve their careers. A noteworthy exception that demonstrated the precarious position of the public h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mixed-orientation Marriage
A mixed-orientation marriage is a marriage between partners of differing sexual orientations. The broader term is mixed-orientation relationship, sometimes shortened to MOR or MORE (while mixed-orientation marriage is sometimes shortened as MOM). The people involved in such a marriage may not be romantically or sexually compatible, for example if the marriage is between a straight man and a lesbian. The term also applies when one of the partners involved is asexual or aromantic, leading to a mixed desire for sexual activity or romantic connection. The most visible and researched subset of mixed-orientation relationships is mixed-orientation marriages in which one spouse is straight and the other experiences same-sex attraction, but there's a much broader diversity of mixed-orientation relationships. A 2016 research review noted that "further research on MOREs that looks beyond the traditional viewpoint of MOMs is needed in order to better understand the particular challenges, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Annabella (actress)
Annabella (born Suzanne Georgette Charpentier, 14 July 1907 – 18 September 1996) was a French cinema actress who appeared in 46 films between 1927 and 1952, including some Hollywood films during the late 1930s and 1940s. Life and career Annabella was born in Paris, France. Annabella's chance to enter films came when her father entertained a film producer, who gave her a small part in Abel Gance's great classic ''Napoléon'' (1927). She was not critically acclaimed until she starred in René Clair's ''Le Million'' (1931), and over the following decade established herself as one of France's most popular cinema actresses. For ''Veille d'armes'' (1935), she won the Volpi Cup for Best Actress at the Venice Film Festival in 1936. She was cast as the female lead in the British-made film '' Wings of the Morning'' (1937) with Henry Fonda. Under contract to 20th Century Fox, she traveled to America and appeared in '' Suez'' (1938) with Loretta Young and Tyrone Power. Her romanc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tongqi
Tongqi () is a Chinese language neologism for women who have married gay men. Similarly, tongfu () is another neologism for men who have married lesbian women. Liu Dalin, among the first sexologists in Mainland China, estimated that 90% of gay Chinese men marry a heterosexual woman. In the United States, 15-20% of gay men did so as of 2010. Sexologist and sociologist Li Yinhe (李银河) believes there are 20 million male homosexuals in China, 80% of whom marry a woman. Gay Chinese men are under social pressure to marry and produce a male heir to continue the family line, as Confucian writers such as Mencius place a strong emphasis on this. Etymology The word combines ''tong'' from 同性戀 (''tongxinglian'', homosexuality) or 同志 ( tongzhi, a slang for gay) with ''qi'' ("wife").Similarly, tongfu () combines ''tong'' with ''fu'' ("husband"). Life as Tongqi Very few of the women who enter into these marriages are aware that their spouses are gay. Many women have turned t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jasvinder Sanghera
Jasvinder Sanghera, (born Derby, England September 1965) is a British author, campaigner against forced marriages and abuse. Biography Her memoir ''Shame'' was a Times Top 10 Bestseller and described in the House of Lords as a "political weapon". She is widely recognised for publicising the problem of forced marriage. The then Prime Minister, David Cameron, said her work "turned my head on the issue of forced marriage". Her work is recognised as a key contributory factor to the creation of a specific UK forced-marriage criminal offence in 2014. Sanghera is an expert witness in courts in child, civil and criminal proceedings. She is the Independent Chair of the Leeds Safeguarding Children Partnership and chair of Domestic Homicide Reviews . She is a member of the Safeguarding Panel for the Church of England and has won numerous awards including the “Woman of the Year 2007”. She was granted an honorary doctorate by the University of Derby in 2008. She was awarded The Pride o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Guardian
''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'', and changed its name in 1959. Along with its sister papers ''The Observer'' and ''The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardian'' is part of the Guardian Media Group, owned by the Scott Trust Limited, Scott Trust. The trust was created in 1936 to "secure the financial and editorial independence of ''The Guardian'' in perpetuity and to safeguard the journalistic freedom and liberal values of ''The Guardian'' free from commercial or political interference". The trust was converted into a limited company in 2008, with a constitution written so as to maintain for ''The Guardian'' the same protections as were built into the structure of the Scott Trust by its creators. Profits are reinvested in journalism rather than distributed to owners or shareholders. It is considered a newspaper of record in the UK. The editor-in-chief Katharine Viner succeeded Alan Rusbridger in 2015. Since 2018, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mary Martin
Mary Virginia Martin (December 1, 1913 – November 3, 1990) was an American actress and singer. A muse of Rodgers and Hammerstein, she originated many leading roles on stage over her career, including Nellie Forbush in '' South Pacific'' (1949), the title character in ''Peter Pan'' (1954), and Maria von Trapp in ''The Sound of Music'' (1959). She was named a Kennedy Center Honoree in 1989. She was the mother of actor Larry Hagman. Early life Martin was born in Weatherford, Texas. Her autobiography described her childhood as secure and happy. She had close relationships with both of her parents as well as her siblings. As a young actress Martin had an instinctive ear for recreating musical sounds. Martin's father, Preston Martin, was a lawyer, and her mother, Juanita Presley, was a violin teacher. Although the doctors told Juanita that she would risk her life if she attempted to have another baby, she was determined to have a boy. Instead, she had Mary, who later obliged b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Gregory (producer)
Paul Gregory (August 27, 1920 – December 25, 2015) was an American film, theatre and television producer. Early life Gregory was the son of a butcher and graduated from Lincoln High School in Des Moines, Iowa, in 1938. Career Gregory went to Hollywood where he worked as a personal assistant for clients like Horace Heidt and Carmen Cavallaro. He became friends with actor Charles Laughton and organized a successful lecture tour which Laughton made through the United States between 1949 and 1950. They earned $200,000 during this reading tour; the money worked as the basis for other projects. Gregory afterwards produced 17 Broadway plays during the 1950s and 1960s, among them ''The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial'', '' 3 for Tonight'', ''The Marriage Go-Around'' and ''Lord Pengo''. Gregory read the novel '' The Night of the Hunter'' by Davis Grubb and bought the film rights of Grubb's book. He then produced the thriller '' The Night of the Hunter'' (1955), directed by Laughton. W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adrian (costume Designer)
Adrian Adolph Greenburg (March 3, 1903 – September 13, 1959), widely known as Adrian, was an American costume designer whose most famous costumes were for '' The Wizard of Oz'' and hundreds of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films between 1928 and 1941. He was usually credited onscreen with the phrase "Gowns by Adrian". Early in his career he chose the professional name Gilbert Adrian, a combination of his father's forename and his own. Early life Adrian was born on March 3, 1903, in Naugatuck, Connecticut, to Gilbert and Helena (née Pollak) Greenburg. Adrian's father Gilbert was born in New York and his mother Helena in Waterbury, Connecticut. Both sides of the family were Jewish. Joseph Greenburg and his wife Frances were from Russia, while Adolph Pollak and Bertha (née Mendelsohn) Pollak were from Bohemia and Germany, respectively. In 1920 Adrian entered the New York School for Fine and Applied Arts (now Parsons School of Design). In 1922 he transferred to the NYSFAA Paris campu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Janet Gaynor
Janet Gaynor (born Laura Augusta Gainor; October 6, 1906 – September 14, 1984) was an American film, stage, and television actress. Gaynor began her career as an extra in shorts and silent films. After signing with Fox Film Corporation (later 20th Century-Fox) in 1926, she rose to fame and became one of the biggest box offices draws of the era. In 1929, she became the first recipient of the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performances in three films: '' 7th Heaven'' (1927), '' Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans'' (1927), and '' Street Angel'' (1928). This was the only occasion an actress won one Oscar for multiple film roles. Gaynor's career success continued into the sound film era, and she achieved notable success in the original version of '' A Star Is Born'' (1937), for which she received a second Best Actress Academy Award nomination. After retiring from acting in 1939, Gaynor married film costume designer Adrian, with whom she had a son. She briefly returned to actin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Homosexual
Homosexuality is romantic attraction, sexual attraction, or sexual behavior between members of the same sex or gender. As a sexual orientation, homosexuality is "an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions" to people of the same sex. It "also refers to a person's sense of identity based on those attractions, related behaviors, and membership in a community of others who share those attractions." Along with bisexuality and heterosexuality, homosexuality is one of the three main categories of sexual orientation within the heterosexual–homosexual continuum. Scientists do not yet know the exact cause of sexual orientation, but they theorize that it is caused by a complex interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences and do not view it as a choice. Although no single theory on the cause of sexual orientation has yet gained widespread support, scientists favor biologically based theories. There is considerably more evidence support ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vivian Duncan
The Duncan Sisters (Rosetta and Vivian Duncan) were an American vaudeville duo who became popular in the 1920s with their act ''Topsy and Eva''. Biography Early career Rosetta (November 23, 1894Sources differ on their birth dates. These are taken from the Internet Movie Database. – December 4, 1959) and Vivian Duncan (June 17, 1897 – September 19, 1986) were born in Los Angeles, California, the daughters of a violinist turned salesman.Springer, John, and Jack Hamilton. ''They Had Faces Then''. Secaucus, NJ. Castle Books, 1974. They began their stage careers in 1911 as part of the cast of Gus Edwards' ''Kiddies' Revue''. During the next few years they perfected their act with Rosetta as a foghorn-voiced comedian and Vivian as the pretty-but-dumb blonde type. Within a few years they "matured into first-rate vaudeville troupers who wrote much of their music in dialogue."Bradley, Edwin M. ''The First Hollywood Musicals''. Jefferson, NC, and London. McFarla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vaudeville
Vaudeville (; ) is a theatrical genre of variety entertainment born in France at the end of the 19th century. A vaudeville was originally a comedy without psychological or moral intentions, based on a comical situation: a dramatic composition or light poetry, interspersed with songs or ballets. It became popular in the United States and Canada from the early 1880s until the early 1930s, but the idea of vaudeville's theatre changed radically from its French antecedent. In some ways analogous to music hall from Victorian Britain, a typical North American vaudeville performance was made up of a series of separate, unrelated acts grouped together on a common bill. Types of acts have included popular and classical musicians, singers, dancers, comedians, trained animals, magicians, ventriloquists, strongmen, female and male impersonators, acrobats, clowns, illustrated songs, jugglers, one-act plays or scenes from plays, athletes, lecturing celebrities, minstrels, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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