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Karyorelictea
Karyorelictea is a class of ciliates in the subphylum Postciliodesmatophora. Most species are members of the microbenthos community, that is, microscopic organisms found in the marine interstitial habitat, though one genus, ''Loxodes'', is found in freshwater. The majority of karyorelict taxa have not been cultivated in the laboratory, although clonal lines of ''Loxodes'' have been developed. Systematics According to Lynn (2008), the Karyorelictea class is divided into three orders: * Loxodida, containing the families Cryptopharyngidae and Loxodidae; * Protoheterotrichida, containing the families Aveliidae and Geleiidae; * Protostomatida, containing the families Kentrophoridae and Trachelocercidae. These three orders were defined morphologically, and have been confirmed with molecular phylogenetics. An additional family, Wilbertomorphidae, is of uncertain affiliation and has not been assigned to an order. Nuclear dimorphism All ciliates, including karyorelicteans, p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trachelocercidae
Trachelocercidae is a family of ciliates in the class Karyorelictea Karyorelictea is a class of ciliates in the subphylum Postciliodesmatophora. Most species are members of the microbenthos community, that is, microscopic organisms found in the marine interstitial habitat, though one genus, ''Loxodes'', is foun .... Systematics Trachelocercidae is the largest family within the Karyorelictea with about 70 nominal species so far described. Description Trachelocercids usually have an elongated body, which may be divided into head, neck, trunk and tail regions, an apical oral cavity, and most have several macronuclei and micronuclei arranged in nuclear groups References Karyorelictea {{Ciliate-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ciliate
The ciliates are a group of alveolates characterized by the presence of hair-like organelles called cilia, which are identical in structure to flagellum, eukaryotic flagella, but are in general shorter and present in much larger numbers, with a different wikt:undulating, undulating pattern than flagella. Cilia occur in all members of the group (although the peculiar Suctoria only have them for part of their biological life cycle, life cycle) and are variously used in swimming, crawling, attachment, feeding, and sensation. Ciliates are an important group of protists, common almost anywhere there is water—in lakes, ponds, oceans, rivers, and soils. About 4,500 unique free-living species have been described, and the potential number of extant species is estimated at 27,000–40,000. Included in this number are many Ectosymbiosis, ectosymbiotic and endosymbiotic species, as well as some Obligate parasite, obligate and Facultative parasite, opportunistic parasites. Ciliate species r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ciliate
The ciliates are a group of alveolates characterized by the presence of hair-like organelles called cilia, which are identical in structure to flagellum, eukaryotic flagella, but are in general shorter and present in much larger numbers, with a different wikt:undulating, undulating pattern than flagella. Cilia occur in all members of the group (although the peculiar Suctoria only have them for part of their biological life cycle, life cycle) and are variously used in swimming, crawling, attachment, feeding, and sensation. Ciliates are an important group of protists, common almost anywhere there is water—in lakes, ponds, oceans, rivers, and soils. About 4,500 unique free-living species have been described, and the potential number of extant species is estimated at 27,000–40,000. Included in this number are many Ectosymbiosis, ectosymbiotic and endosymbiotic species, as well as some Obligate parasite, obligate and Facultative parasite, opportunistic parasites. Ciliate species r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kentrophoridae
''Kentrophoros'' is a genus of ciliates in the class Karyorelictea. Ciliates in this genus lack a distinct oral apparatus and depend primarily on symbiotic bacteria for their nutrition. Systematics ''Kentrophoros'' is the sole genus in the family Kentrophoridae Jankowski 1980. The type species of the genus is ''K. fasciolatus'' Sauerbrey 1928, first described from the Bay of Kiel. Synonyms are ''Centrophorus'' Kahl 1931 (an illegitimate synonym because the name was already used for a genus of sharks) and ''Centrophorella'' Kahl 1935. Fifteen species of ''Kentrophoros'' have been formally described, although several of these names may be synonyms for the same species. Description The ciliates are long and ribbon-shaped, like other karyorelictean ciliates that live in the marine interstitial habitat. In some species, the cell body is folded or involuted into a tube or more elaborate shapes. The ventral side is ciliated, while the dorsal side is mostly unciliated except for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protoheterotrichida
Protoheterotrichida is an order of karyorelict ciliates. It contains the family Geleiidae. The term ''Protoheterotrichida'' derives from the three ancient Greek words (), meaning "first, earliest, most prominent", (), meaning "another, different", and , (), meaning "hair", in reference to the potential evolutionary affinities of these ciliates with the heterotrich The heterotrichs are a class of ciliates. They typically have a prominent adoral zone of membranelles circling the mouth, used in locomotion and feeding, and shorter cilia on the rest of the body. Many species are highly contractile, and are ...s. References External links * {{Taxonbar, from=Q25407553 Karyorelictea Ciliate orders ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wilbertomorphidae
Wilbertomorphidae is a family of karyorelictean ciliates. The family is monotypic, because it contains a single genus ''Wilbertomorpha'' with a single known species, ''Wilbertomorpha colpoda''. Like most karyorelicteans, ''Wilbertomorpha'' lives in the marine interstitial habitat, between sediment grains. The cells are oval-shaped and about 45 µm long by 15 µm wide. Its distinctive features are a reduced oral apparatus ("mouth") and colorless granules of different shapes (rod-, cross-, and oval-shaped) in the cortex of the cell. Its phylogenetic relationship to other families of karyorelictean ciliates is unclear, because its morphology (ciliature) most closely resembles the order Loxodida, whereas molecular phylogenetics places it closer to the family Geleiidae. It was first collected from a beach at Qingdao Qingdao (, also spelled Tsingtao; , Mandarin: ) is a major city in eastern Shandong Province. The city's name in Chinese characters literally means " az ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geleiidae
Geleiidae is a family of karyorelict ciliates. It is sometimes synonymized with family Aveliidae. Geleiidae are very large ciliates (200–5000 µm), with a cylindrical shape, and a thinner, often beak-shaped, apical region. They are characterized by a ventral oral region, with buccal infraciliature organized into one intrabuccal kinety and an extrabuccal row. The family name is based on '' Geleia'', the type genus In biological taxonomy, the type genus is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name. Zoological nomenclature According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearing type of a nominal .... References External links * {{Taxonbar, from=Q25363966 Karyorelictea Ciliate families ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loxodes
''Loxodes'' is a genus of karyorelictean ciliates, belonging to family Loxodidae. It is the only known karyorelictean ciliate that lives in freshwater habitats. The term ''Loxodes'' derives from the ancient greek (), meaning "oblique, tilted". Ecology ''Loxodes'' lives in freshwater habitats such as lakes and ponds, unlike other karyorelictean ciliates such as the other loxodid genus ''Remanella'', which live in brackish-water or marine habitats. They feed on bacteria and protists such as microalgae. It is microaerobic, preferring low concentrations of oxygen, below 5% atmospheric saturation. It can also survive extended periods in anoxic water, where oxygen is absent. Under such conditions, ''Loxodes'' is able to use nitrate instead of oxygen as an electron acceptor for respiration. Nitrate respiration is rare among eukaryotes, and ''Loxodes'' was the first eukaryote known to have this capability. ''Loxodes'' is also sensitive to light. Geotaxis Both genera in the fam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loxodidae
Loxodidae is a family of karyorelict ciliates. Loxodidae members possess an elongated, laterally flattened shape. They share two key characters: a beak-like anterior rostrum interrupting the perioral kineties, and peculiar cytoplasmic organelles named Müller vesicles. The extensive development of lacunae of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum leads to strong vacuolization of the endoplasm. This feature is associated to a lack of contractile vacuoles in all loxodids. The term ''Loxodidae'' derives from the ancient Greek (), meaning "oblique, tilted". Gravitaxis Loxodidae members possess the ability to orient themselves in oxygen gradients. They use gravity as a stimulus for this spatial orientation, a phenomenon called gravitaxis or geotaxis. Loxodid ciliates must therefore have developed mechanoreceptors informing them about what is up or down. A likely candidate structure for their gravitaxis is the Müller vesicle. Müller vesicle Müller vesicles (also known as Müller ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Postciliodesmatophora
Postciliodesmatophora is a subphylum of ciliates. Members of this subphylum share stacks of postciliary microtubular ribbons associated with somatic kinetosome A basal body (synonymous with basal granule, kinetosome, and in older cytological literature with blepharoplast) is a protein structure found at the base of a eukaryotic undulipodium (cilium or flagellum). The basal body was named by Theodor W ...s, and called postciliodesmata. References Bikont subphyla Ciliate taxonomy {{Ciliate-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loxodida
Loxodida is an order of karyorelict ciliates. The term ''Loxodida'' derives from the ancient greek Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic peri ... (), meaning "oblique, tilted". References External links * {{Taxonbar, from=Q18573102 Karyorelictea Ciliate orders ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Register Of Marine Species
The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is a taxonomic database that aims to provide an authoritative and comprehensive list of names of marine organisms. Content The content of the registry is edited and maintained by scientific specialists on each group of organism. These taxonomists control the quality of the information, which is gathered from the primary scientific literature as well as from some external regional and taxon-specific databases. WoRMS maintains valid names of all marine organisms, but also provides information on synonyms and invalid names. It is an ongoing task to maintain the registry, since new species are constantly being discovered and described by scientists; in addition, the nomenclature and taxonomy of existing species is often corrected or changed as new research is constantly being published. Subsets of WoRMS content are made available, and can have separate badging and their own home/launch pages, as "subregisters", such as the ''World List of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
