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Fireflies
The Lampyridae are a family (biology), family of Elateroidea, elateroid beetles with more than 2,000 described species, many of which are bioluminescence, light-emitting. They are soft-bodied beetles commonly called fireflies, lightning bugs, or glowworms for their conspicuous production of light, mainly crepuscular, during twilight, to attract mates. Light production in the Lampyridae is thought to have originated as an honest signal, honest Aposematism, warning signal that the larvae were distasteful; this was co-opted in evolution as a mating signal in the adults. In a further development, female fireflies of the genus ''Photuris'' mimic the flash pattern of ''Photinus (beetle), Photinus'' species to trap their males as prey. Fireflies are found in temperate and tropical climates. Many live in marshes or in wet, wooded areas where their larvae have abundant sources of food. While all known fireflies glow as larvae, only some species produce light in their adult stage, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luciolinae
The Luciolinae are among the largest subfamilies of fireflies (Lampyridae). They seem to be all "flashing" (as opposed to "continuous-glow") fireflies. They are a diverse lineage, spreading throughout the warm parts of Eurasia into temperate Europe and East Asia and south to the Australian region.Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F.; Lloyd, James E. & Hillis, David M. (2007): Phylogeny of North American fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae): Implications for the evolution of light signals. ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 45(1): 33-49. (HTML abstract) Several tropical species, notably of the genus ''Pteroptyx'', are of local economic importance. Their displays will self-synchronize until the entire local firefly population flashes in the same rhythm, creating a stunning spectacle that is popular with tourists. The most well-known location to witness these displays is on the Selangor River at Kampong Kuantan, Malaysia. Two Japanese species of ''Luciola'', collectively known as ''hota ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bioluminescence
Bioluminescence is the production and emission of light by living organisms. It is a form of chemiluminescence. Bioluminescence occurs widely in marine vertebrates and invertebrates, as well as in some fungi, microorganisms including some bioluminescent bacteria, and terrestrial arthropods such as fireflies. In some animals, the light is bacteriogenic, produced by symbiotic bacteria such as those from the genus ''Vibrio''; in others, it is autogenic, produced by the animals themselves. In a general sense, the principal chemical reaction in bioluminescence involves a light-emitting molecule and an enzyme, generally called luciferin and luciferase, respectively. Because these are generic names, luciferins and luciferases are often distinguished by the species or group, e.g. firefly luciferin. In all characterized cases, the enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of the luciferin. In some species, the luciferase requires other cofactors, such as calcium or magnesium ions, and somet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oculogryphus
''Oculogryphus'', is an Asian genus of firefly beetles: it has been placed in the Ototretinae or may be considered ''incertae sedis''. The genus contains 4 species. The type species '' O. fulvus'' was discovered from Vietnam. Description Antennae filiform. Large compound eyes are deeply emarginated posteriorly. There are eight abdominal ventrites. No photogenic organs. Females of this genus can fluoresce with a blue-green light whole body. Species rely on photic cues for purposes of mating. Body shape of male is elongate oval. Species * ''Oculogryphus bicolor'' Jeng, Branham & Engel, 2011 - Vietnam * ''Oculogryphus chenghoiyanae'' Yiu & Jeng, 2018 - Hong Kong * ''Oculogryphus fulvus'' Jeng, 2007 - Vietnam * ''Oculogryphus shuensis'' Jeng & Engel, 2014 - China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equival ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crepuscular
In zoology, a crepuscular animal is one that is active primarily during the twilight period, being matutinal, vespertine, or both. This is distinguished from diurnal and nocturnal behavior, where an animal is active during the hours of daylight and of darkness, respectively. Some crepuscular animals may also be active by moonlight or during an overcast day. Matutinal animals are active only before sunrise, and vespertine only after sunset. A number of factors impact the time of day an animal is active. Predators hunt when their prey is available, and prey try to avoid the times when their principal predators are at large. The temperature at midday may be too high or at night too low. Some creatures may adjust their activities depending on local competition. Etymology and usage The word ''crepuscular'' derives from the Latin '' crepusculum'' ("twilight"). Its sense accordingly differs from diurnal and nocturnal behavior, which respectively peak during hours of daylight and da ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Insect Systematics And Diversity
Insects (from Latin ') are pancrustacean hexapod invertebrates of the class Insecta. They are the largest group within the arthropod phylum. Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae. Their blood is not totally contained in vessels; some circulates in an open cavity known as the haemocoel. Insects are the most diverse group of animals; they include more than a million described species and represent more than half of all known living organisms. The total number of extant species is estimated at between six and ten million; In: potentially over 90% of the animal life forms on Earth are insects. Insects may be found in nearly all environments, although only a small number of species reside in the oceans, which are dominated by another arthropod group, crustaceans, which recent research has indicated insects are nested within. Nearly all insects hatch from eggs. Insect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Photurinae
The Photurinae are a subfamily of fireflies (Lampyridae). They contain many of the well-known North American species, such as the Pennsylvania firefly (''Photuris pennsylvanica''), state insect of Pennsylvania. They are among the "flashing" (as opposed to continuous-glow) fireflies known as "lightning bugs" in North America, although they are not too distantly related to the flashing fireflies in the Lampyrinae; as the most basal (biology), basal lineages of that subfamily do not produce light at all, the Photurinae's flashing signals seem to be convergent evolution.Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F.; Lloyd, James E. & Hillis, David M. (2007): Phylogeny of North American fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae): Implications for the evolution of light signals. ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.'' 45(1): 33-49. PDF fulltext/ref> The genus ''Photuris'' is often called "''femme fatale'' fireflies", due to the females' habit of imitating other "lightning bugs'" flashes, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lampyrinae
The Lampyrinae are a large subfamily of fireflies (Lampyridae). The exact delimitation, and the internal systematics, have until recently been a matter of debate; for long this group was used as a "wastebin taxon" to hold any fireflies with insufficiently resolved relationships. Regardless, they are very diverse even as a good monophyletic group, containing flashing and continuous-glow fireflies from the Holarctic and some tropical forms as well. The ancestral Lampyrinae probably had no or very primitive light signals; in any case several modern lineages appear to have returned to the pheromone A pheromone () is a secreted or excreted chemical factor that triggers a social response in members of the same species. Pheromones are chemicals capable of acting like hormones outside the body of the secreting individual, to affect the behavio ... communication of their ancestors independently.Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F.; Lloyd, James E. & Hillis, David M. (2007): Phylogeny of North Ameri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cenomanian
The Cenomanian is, in the ICS' geological timescale, the oldest or earliest age of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or the lowest stage of the Upper Cretaceous Series. An age is a unit of geochronology; it is a unit of time; the stage is a unit in the stratigraphic column deposited during the corresponding age. Both age and stage bear the same name. As a unit of geologic time measure, the Cenomanian Age spans the time between 100.5 and 93.9 million years ago (Mya). In the geologic timescale, it is preceded by the Albian and is followed by the Turonian. The Upper Cenomanian starts around at 95 Mya. The Cenomanian is coeval with the Woodbinian of the regional timescale of the Gulf of Mexico and the early part of the Eaglefordian of the regional timescale of the East Coast of the United States. At the end of the Cenomanian, an anoxic event took place, called the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event or the "Bonarelli event", that is associated with a minor extinction event for marine spec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lamprigera
''Lamprigera'' is a poorly resolved genus of fireflies or glow-worms in the subfamily Lampyrinae, possibly placed in tribe Photinini. Species of the genus ''Lamprigera'' are found in Asia. Species The ''Global Biodiversity Information Facility'' lists: * ''Lamprigera angustior'' Fairmaire, 1886 * ''Lamprigera boyei'' Motschulsky, 1853 * ''Lamprigera crassus'' Gorham, 1880 * ''Lamprigera diffinis'' Walker, 1858 * ''Lamprigera lutosipennis'' Fairmaire, 1897 * ''Lamprigera marusii'' Pic, 1955 * ''Lamprigera minor'' E.Olivier, 1885 * ''Lamprigera morator'' (E.Olivier, 1891) * ''Lamprigera nepalensis'' (Hope, 1831) * ''Lamprigera nitens'' E.Olivier, 1885 * ''Lamprigera nitidicollis'' (Fairmaire, 1881) * ''Lamprigera scutatus'' Fairmaire, 1897 * ''Lamprigera taimoshana'' Yiu, 2017 * ''Lamprigera tarda'' (Gorham, 1895) * ''Lamprigera tenebrosa'' (Walker, 1858) * ''Lamprigera yunnana ''Lamprigera'' is a poorly resolved genus of fireflies or glow-worms in the subfamily Lampyrinae, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pollaclasis
''Pollaclasis'' is a genus of fireflies in the beetle family Lampyridae. There is one described species in ''Pollaclasis'', ''P. bifaria''. ''Pollaclasis'' is most closely related to ''Pterotus ''Pterotus'' is a genus of fireflies in the beetle family Lampyridae. There are at least two described species in ''Pterotus''. Species These two species belong to the genus ''Pterotus'': * ''Pterotus curticornis'' Chemsak, 1978 * ''Pterotus obs ...'', and may someday become included within the Pterotinae subfamily. References Further reading * * Lampyridae Articles created by Qbugbot {{firefly-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
