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Febrifugine
Febrifugine is a quinazolinone alkaloid first isolated from the Chinese herb ''Dichroa febrifuga'', but also found in the garden plant ''Hydrangea''. Laboratory synthesis of febrifugine determined that the originally reported stereochemistry was incorrect. Febrifugine has antimalarial properties and the synthetic halogenated derivative (chemistry), derivative halofuginone is used in veterinary medicine as a coccidiostat. Other synthetic febrifugine derivatives have been used against malaria, cancer, fibrosis, and inflammatory disease. References {{reflist Quinazolinones Piperidine alkaloids ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dichroa Febrifuga
''Dichroa febrifuga'' is a flowering plant in the family Hydrangeaceae. National names * Chinese: ) * Indonesian language: ''gigil'', alternatively ''tataruman'' * Sundanese: ''ramram'' * Papua: ''Hom dong'' (ฮอมดง): * Thai: ''Yai khlang yai'' (ยายคลังใหญ่), in Nakhon Sri Thammarat, Yai Krang (ยายกรัง) in the South, and ''Hom Kham'' (ฮอมคำ) in Lanna (Northern Thai). Traditional Chinese medicine ''Dichroa febrifuga'' is an important herb in traditional Chinese medicine, where it is considered one of the 50 fundamental herbs. The alkaloids febrifugine and isofebrifugine are believed to be responsible for its antimalarial effects. In traditional preparations, it is used in conjunction with other plants such as ''Glycyrrhiza glabra'' (licorice), ''Ziziphus jujube'' and ''Zingiber officinale'' (ginger). Potential drug against autoimmune disease Halofuginone, sold under the brand name Halocur, is a coccidiostat used in vete ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halofuginone
Halofuginone, sold under the brand name Halocur, is a coccidiostat used in veterinary medicine. It is a synthetic halogenated derivative of febrifugine, a natural quinazolinone alkaloid which can be found in the Chinese herb ''Dichroa febrifuga'' (Chang Shan). Collgard Biopharmaceuticals is developing halofuginone for the treatment of scleroderma and it has received orphan drug designation from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Halofuginone inhibits the development of T helper 17 cells, immune cells that play an important role in autoimmune disease, but it does not affect other kinds of T cells which are involved in normal immune function. Halofuginone therefore has potential for the treatment of autoimmune disorders. * Halofuginone is also an inhibitor of collagen type I gene expression and as a consequence it may inhibit tumor cell growth. Halofuginone exerts its effects by acting as a high affinity inhibitor of the enzyme glutamyl-prolyl tRNA synthetase. Inhibition of p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quinazolinone
Quinazolinone is a heterocyclic chemical compound, a quinazoline with a carbonyl group in the C4N2 ring. Two isomers are possible: 2-quinazolinone and 4-quinazolinone, with the 4-isomer being the more common. These compounds are of interest in medicinal chemistry. File:2-Quinazolinone.png, 2-Quinazolinone File:4-Quinazolinone.png, 4-Quinazolinone Synthesis Common routes to quinazolines involve condensation of amides to anilines with ortho nitrile, carboxylic acids and amides. Quinazolinone drugs that function as hypnotic/sedatives usually contain a 4-quinazolinone core with a 2-substituted phenyl group at nitrogen atom 3. See also * Idelalisib (Zydelig) * Methaqualone (Quaalude) * Cloroqualone * SL-164 (Dicloqualone) * Diproqualone * Etaqualone * Mebroqualone * Mecloqualone * Methylmethaqualone * Nitromethaqualone Nitromethaqualone is an analogue of methaqualone Methaqualone is a hypnotic sedative. It was sold under the brand names Quaalude ( ) and Sopor among others, wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alkaloid
Alkaloids are a class of basic, naturally occurring organic compounds that contain at least one nitrogen atom. This group also includes some related compounds with neutral and even weakly acidic properties. Some synthetic compounds of similar structure may also be termed alkaloids. In addition to carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, alkaloids may also contain oxygen, sulfur and, more rarely, other elements such as chlorine, bromine, and phosphorus.Chemical Encyclopedia: alkaloids xumuk.ru Alkaloids are produced by a large variety of organisms including , , Medicinal plant, plants, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrangea
''Hydrangea'', () commonly named the hortensia, is a genus of over 75 species of flowering plants native to Asia and the Americas. By far the greatest species diversity is in eastern Asia, notably China, Korea, and Japan. Most are shrubs tall, but some are small trees, and others lianas reaching up to by climbing up trees. They can be either deciduous or evergreen, though the widely cultivated temperate species are all deciduous. ''Hydrangea'' is derived from Greek and means ‘water vessel’ (from ''húdōr'' "water" + ''ángos'' or ''angeîon'' "vessel"), in reference to the shape of its seed capsules. The earlier name, ''Hortensia'', is a Latinised version of the French given name Hortense, honoring French astronomer and mathematician Nicole-Reine Hortense Lepaute. This claim is disputed in page 88 on citation 10 at Nicole-Reine Hortense Lepaute page, which says: "Larousse considers this an injustice, and remarks that it has led many persons to the erroneous notion tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antimalarial
Antimalarial medications or simply antimalarials are a type of antiparasitic chemical agent, often naturally derived, that can be used to treat or to prevent malaria, in the latter case, most often aiming at two susceptible target groups, young children and pregnant women. As of 2018, modern treatments, including for severe malaria, continued to depend on therapies deriving historically from quinine and artesunate, both parenteral (injectable) drugs, expanding from there into the many classes of available modern drugs. Incidence and distribution of the disease ("malaria burden") is expected to remain high, globally, for many years to come; moreover, known antimalarial drugs have repeatedly been observed to elicit resistance in the malaria parasite—including for combination therapies featuring artemisinin, a drug of last resort, where resistance has now been observed in Southeast Asia. As such, the needs for new antimalarial agents and new strategies of treatment (e.g., new combin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halogen
The halogens () are a group in the periodic table consisting of five or six chemically related elements: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), astatine (At), and tennessine (Ts). In the modern IUPAC nomenclature, this group is known as group 17. The word "halogen" means "salt former" (or "salt maker"). When halogens react with metals, they produce a wide range of salts, including calcium fluoride, sodium chloride (common table salt), silver bromide and potassium iodide. The group of halogens is the only periodic table group that contains elements in three of the main states of matter at standard temperature and pressure. All of the halogens form acids when bonded to hydrogen. Most halogens are typically produced from minerals or salts. The middle halogens—chlorine, bromine, and iodine—are often used as disinfectants. Organobromides are the most important class of flame retardants, while elemental halogens are dangerous and can be toxic. History The fl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Derivative (chemistry)
In chemistry, a derivative is a compound that is derived from a similar compound by a chemical reaction. In the past, derivative also meant a compound that ''can be imagined to'' arise from another compound, if one atom or group of atoms is replaced with another atom or group of atoms, but modern chemical language now uses the term structural analog for this meaning, thus eliminating ambiguity. The term "structural analogue" is common in organic chemistry. In biochemistry, the word is used for compounds that at least theoretically can be formed from the precursor compound. Chemical derivatives may be used to facilitate analysis. For example, melting point (MP) analysis can assist in identification of many organic compounds. A crystalline derivative may be prepared, such as a semicarbazone or 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone (derived from aldehydes or ketones), as a simple way of verifying the identity of the original compound, assuming that a table of derivative MP values is available ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coccidiostat
A coccidiostat is an antiprotozoal agent that acts upon Coccidia parasites. Examples include: * Amprolium * Arprinocid * Artemether * Clazuril * Clopidol * Decoquinate * Diclazuril * Dinitolmide * Ethopabate * Halofuginone * Lasalocid * Monensin * Narasin * Nicarbazin * Oryzalin Oryzalin is an herbicide of the dinitroaniline class. It acts through the disruption ( depolymerization) of microtubules, thus blocking anisotropic growth of plant cells. It can also be used to induce polyploid Polyploidy is a condition in w ... * Ponazuril * Robenidine * Roxarsone * Salinomycin * Spiramycin * Sulfadiazine * Sulfadimethoxine * Toltrazuril References Antiprotozoal agents {{antiinfective-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quinazolinones
Quinazolinone is a heterocyclic chemical compound, a quinazoline with a carbonyl group in the C4N2 ring. Two isomers are possible: 2-quinazolinone and 4-quinazolinone, with the 4-isomer being the more common. These compounds are of interest in medicinal chemistry. File:2-Quinazolinone.png, 2-Quinazolinone File:4-Quinazolinone.png, 4-Quinazolinone Synthesis Common routes to quinazolines involve condensation of amides to anilines with ortho nitrile, carboxylic acids and amides. Quinazolinone drugs that function as hypnotic/sedatives usually contain a 4-quinazolinone core with a 2-substituted phenyl group at nitrogen atom 3. See also * Idelalisib (Zydelig) * Methaqualone (Quaalude) * Cloroqualone * SL-164 (Dicloqualone) * Diproqualone * Etaqualone * Mebroqualone * Mecloqualone * Methylmethaqualone * Nitromethaqualone Nitromethaqualone is an analogue of methaqualone Methaqualone is a hypnotic sedative. It was sold under the brand names Quaalude ( ) and Sopor among others, wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
