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Favid
Favus (Latin for "honeycomb") or tinea favosa is the severe form of tinea capitis, a skin infectious disease caused by the dermatophyte fungus '' Trichophyton schoenleinii.'' Typically the species affects the scalp, but occasionally occurs as onychomycosis, tinea barbae, or tinea corporis. The word ''favid'' is more used than French word ''favus'', which is close to the Latin etymology. Presentation The uncomplicated appearance is that of a number of yellowish, circular, cup-shaped crusts ( scutulum or shield) grouped in patches like a honeycomb, each crust about the size of a split pea, with a bundle of hair projecting in the center. These increase in size and become crusted over, so that the characteristic lesion can only be seen round the edge of the scab. A mousy odour is often present. Growth continues to take place for several months, when scab and scutulum go away, leaving a shining bare patch destitute of hair. The disease is essentially chronic, lasting from ten to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Favus
Favus (Latin for "honeycomb") or tinea favosa is the severe form of tinea capitis, a skin infectious disease caused by the dermatophyte fungus ''Trichophyton schoenleinii.'' Typically the species affects the scalp, but occasionally occurs as onychomycosis, tinea barbae, or tinea corporis. The word ''favid'' is more used than French word ''favus'', which is close to the Latin etymology. Presentation The uncomplicated appearance is that of a number of yellowish, circular, cup-shaped crusts (scutulum or shield) grouped in patches like a honeycomb, each crust about the size of a split pea, with a bundle of hair projecting in the center. These increase in size and become crusted over, so that the characteristic lesion can only be seen round the edge of the scab. A mousy odour is often present. Growth continues to take place for several months, when scab and scutulum go away, leaving a shining bare patch destitute of hair. The disease is essentially chronic, lasting from ten to twenty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthroconidia
Arthroconidia are a type of fungal spore typically produced by segmentation of pre-existing fungal hyphae. Background These spores are asexual and are generally not as durable and environmentally persistent as, for instance, bacterial endospores or chlamydospores. Some medically significant pathogens, such as ''Coccidioides immitis'', and ''Coccidioides posadasii'', both causative agents of coccidioidomycosis (also known as San Joaquin Valley fever), are transmitted through airborne arthroconidia. The small size of the arthroconidia, 3 to 5 µm, allow them to lodge themselves into the terminal bronchioles of the lung. There, they develop into a thick-walled spherule filled with endospores that cause a pyogenic (pus-causing) inflammation. See also *Conidium A conidium ( ; ), sometimes termed an asexual chlamydospore or chlamydoconidium (), is an asexual, non-motile spore of a fungus. The word ''conidium'' comes from the Ancient Greek word for dust, ('). They are also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microsporum Gypseum
''Microsporum gypseum'' is a soil-associated dermatophyte that occasionally is known to colonise and infect the upper dead layers of the skin of mammals. The name refers to an asexual "form-taxon" that has been associated with four related biological species of fungi: the pathogenic taxa '' Arthroderma incurvatum'', '' A. gypsea'', '' A. fulva'' and the non-pathogenic saprotroph '' A. corniculata''. More recent studies have restricted ''M. gypseum'' to two teleomorphic species ''A. gypseum'' and ''A. incurvatum''. The conidial states of ''A. fulva'' and ''A. corniculata'' have been assigned to ''M. fulvum'' and ''M. boullardii''. Because the anamorphic states of these fungi are so similar, they can be identified reliably only by mating. Two mating strains have been discovered, "+" and "–". The classification of this species has been based on the characteristically rough-walled, blunt, club-shaped, multicelled macroconidia. Synonyms include ''Achorion gypseum'', ''Microsporum fl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dermatology
Dermatology is the branch of medicine dealing with the skin.''Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.'' Random House, Inc. 2001. Page 537. . It is a speciality with both medical and surgical aspects. A dermatologist is a specialist medical doctor who manages diseases related to skin, hair, nails, and some cosmetic problems. Etymology Attested in English in 1819, the word "dermatology" derives from the Greek δέρματος (''dermatos''), genitive of δέρμα (''derma''), "skin" (itself from δέρω ''dero'', "to flay") and -λογία '' -logia''. Neo-Latin ''dermatologia'' was coined in 1630, an anatomical term with various French and German uses attested from the 1730s. History In 1708, the first great school of dermatology became a reality at the famous Hôpital Saint-Louis in Paris, and the first textbooks (Willan's, 1798–1808) and atlases ( Alibert's, 1806–1816) appeared in print around the same time.Freedberg, et al. (2003). ''Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycology
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their genetic and biochemical properties, their taxonomy and their use to humans, including as a source for tinder, traditional medicine, food, and entheogens, as well as their dangers, such as toxicity or infection. A biologist specializing in mycology is called a mycologist. Mycology branches into the field of phytopathology, the study of plant diseases, and the two disciplines remain closely related because the vast majority of plant pathogens are fungi. Overview Historically, mycology was a branch of botany because, although fungi are evolutionarily more closely related to animals than to plants, this was not recognized until a few decades ago. Pioneer mycologists included Elias Magnus Fries, Christian Hendrik Persoon, Anton de Bary, Elizabeth Eaton Morse, and Lewis David von Schweinitz. Beatrix Potter, author of ''The Tale of Peter Rabbit'', also made significant contributions to the fiel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scutula
''Scutula'' is a genus of lichenicolous fungi in the family Ramalinaceae. Taxonomy The genus ''Scutula'' was circumscribed by French botanist Louis René Étienne Tulasne in 1862. The limits of the generic circumscription as well as the limits of certain species in ''Scutula'' was confused for a long time. In 1997, Triebel and colleagues applied the name ''Scutula'' specifically to a group of species growing on hosts of the Lecanorales suborder Peltigerineae, a monophyletic grouping of cyanobacteria-associated lichens. Before this, ''Scutula'' was applied to a diverse set of unrelated lichenicolous fungi featuring hyaline spores with a single septum and sessile apothecia. Once classified in the family Micareaceae, molecular phylogenetic analysis showed ''Scutula'' to be nested within the Ramalinaceae, closely related to the genus '' Toninia''. This familial placement has been accepted in recent large-scale updates of fungal classifications. Description ''Scutula'' speci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Gerson Unna
Paul Gerson Unna, (September 8, 1850, Hamburg – January 29, 1929, Hamburg) was a German physician specialized in dermatology and one of the pioneers in dermatopathology. Biography Paul Unna was the son of Moritz Adolph Unna, a physician from Hamburg. Unna was educated at the Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums. He began to study medicine at the University of Heidelberg, but had to interrupt it in order to fight in the Franco-Prussian war, where he was severely wounded. In 1871, he resumed his studies in Heidelberg and later went to the University of Leipzig, finally attaining a doctorate under Heinrich Wilhelm Waldeyer in Strasbourg. His doctoral work was on the subject of the histology and development of the epidermis, and was published in 1876. The thesis contained a set of new ideas and aspects that were met with hard criticism. They were accepted only after some corrections were made. He went on to receive his training in dermatology in Vienna, where he worked in cooperation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Achorion
''Achorion'' is an obsolete genus of dermatophyte fungus. The species previously belonging to genus ''Achorion'' have been moved to other genera. Some notable species include: * ''A. quinckeanum'' — now named '' Trichophyton quinckeanum'', the species which causes favus Favus (Latin for " honeycomb") or tinea favosa is the severe form of tinea capitis, a skin infectious disease caused by the dermatophyte fungus ''Trichophyton schoenleinii.'' Typically the species affects the scalp, but occasionally occurs as ... in mice. * ''A. schoenleinii'' — now named '' Trichophyton schoenleinii'', or "Schönlein's tricophyton", the species which causes favus in humans. * Other pathogenic fungi occasionally found in humans: **''A. arloingi'', now called '' Aleurisma arloingi'' **''A. gypseum'', now called '' Microsporum gypseum'' Sources * American Illustrated Medical Dictionary (Philadelphia and London, 1938) Ascomycota genera Parasitic fungi {{Ascomycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Remak
Robert Remak (26 July 1815 – 29 August 1865) was a Jewish Polish-German embryologist, physiologist, and neurologist, born in Posen, Prussia, who discovered that the origin of cells was by the division of pre-existing cells. as well as several other key discoveries. According to historian Paul Weindling, Rudolf Virchow, one of the founders of modern cell theory, plagiarized the notion that all cells come from pre-existing cells from Remak. Remak had concluded this after observing red blood cells from chicken embryos in various stages of division. He then confirmed that the phenomenon existed in the cell of every frog's egg immediately after fertilization, proving that this was a universal phenomenon and finally explaining the reason for the results of tests by Louis Pasteur which had previously proved that there exists no spontaneous generation of life. Remak obtained his medical degree from Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin in 1838 specializing in neurology. He is best kn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Gruby
David Gruby (20 August 1810 – 14 November 1898) was a Hungarian physician born in the village of Kis-Kér (now Bačko Dobro Polje, Serbia) to a Jewish farmer.Geoffrey Clough Ainsworth, ''Introduction to the History of Medical and Veterinary Mycology'', Cambridge University Press (2002), p. 13 He received his doctorate in Vienna and performed scientific research in Paris. Gruby is remembered as a pioneer in the fields of microbiology and Pathogenic fungi, medical mycology. Most of his important work was done during the 1840s, when he reported that human disease could be caused by fungi. In 1841 he described the fungus associated with favus, a discovery that was independent of Johann Lukas Schönlein's (1793–1864) findings. Later, the fungal parasite was called ''Achorion schoenleinii'' in Schönlein's honor. In 1842 he described a microscopic cryptogam (''Trichophyton ectothrix'') that is associated with a dermatology, dermatological disease known as ''sycosis barbae''. Gruby a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johannes Peter Müller
Johannes Peter Müller (14 July 1801 – 28 April 1858) was a German physiologist, comparative anatomy, comparative anatomist, ichthyology, ichthyologist, and herpetology, herpetologist, known not only for his discoveries but also for his ability to synthesize knowledge. The paramesonephric duct (Müllerian duct) was named in his honor. Life Early years and education Müller was born in Koblenz, Coblenz. He was the son of a poor shoemaker, and was about to be apprenticed to a saddler when his talents attracted the attention of his teacher, and he prepared himself to become a Roman Catholic Priest. During his Secondary school, college course in Koblenz, he devoted himself to the classics and made his own translations of Aristotle. At first, his intention was to become a priest. When he was eighteen, his love for natural science became dominant, and he turned to medicine, entering the University of Bonn in 1819. There he received his Doctor of Medicine, M.D. in 1822. He then studie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johann Lukas Schönlein
Johann Lukas Schönlein (30 November 1793 – 23 January 1864) was a German naturalist, and professor of medicine, born in Bamberg. He studied medicine at Landshut, Jena, Göttingen, and Würzburg. After teaching at Würzburg and Zurich, he was called to Berlin in 1839, where he taught therapeutics and pathology. He served as physician to Frederick William IV. Work He was one of the first German medical professors to lecture in the native tongue instead of Latin. Schönlein described ''purpura rheumatica'' (Schönlein's disease) an allergic non- thrombopenic purpura rash that became known as Henoch–Schönlein purpura, though now known as IgA vasculitis. He also discovered the parasitic cause of ringworm or favus ('' Trichophyton schönleinii''). J. L. Schönlein first published the name "tuberculosis" (German: ''Tuberkulose'') in 1832.The word "tuberculosis" first appeared in Schönlein's clinical notes in 1829. See: See especially Appendix, p. iii. Prior to Schönlein's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
