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Father Of Surgery
Various individuals have advanced the surgical art and, as a result, have been called the father of surgery by various sources. Maharishi Sushruta Sushruta, or ''Suśruta'' (Sanskrit: सुश्रुत, IAST: ''Suśruta'', lit. 'well heard') was an ancient Indian physician. The '' Sushruta Samhita'' (''Sushruta's Compendium''), a treatise ascribed to him, is one of the most important surviving ancient treatises on medicine and is considered a foundational text of Ayurveda. The treatise addresses all aspects of general medicine, but the impressive chapters on surgery have led to the false impression that this is its main topic. The translator G. D. Singhal dubbed Suśruta "the father of surgery" on account of these detailed accounts of surgery. Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi The Arab physician Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (936-1013) wrote '' Al-Tasrif'' (The Method of Medicine), a 30-part medical encyclopedia in Arabic. In the encyclopedia, he introduced his collection of over 200 s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surgery
Surgery ''cheirourgikē'' (composed of χείρ, "hand", and ἔργον, "work"), via la, chirurgiae, meaning "hand work". is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a person to investigate or treat a pathological condition such as a disease or injury, to help improve bodily function, appearance, or to repair unwanted ruptured areas. The act of performing surgery may be called a surgical procedure, operation, or simply "surgery". In this context, the verb "operate" means to perform surgery. The adjective surgical means pertaining to surgery; e.g. surgical instruments or surgical nurse. The person or subject on which the surgery is performed can be a person or an animal. A surgeon is a person who practices surgery and a surgeon's assistant is a person who practices surgical assistance. A surgical team is made up of the surgeon, the surgeon's assistant, an anaesthetist, a circulating nurse and a surgical technologist. Surgery usually spa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ambroise Paré
Ambroise Paré (c. 1510 – 20 December 1590) was a French barber surgeon who served in that role for kings Henry II, Francis II, Charles IX and Henry III. He is considered one of the fathers of surgery and modern forensic pathology and a pioneer in surgical techniques and battlefield medicine, especially in the treatment of wounds. He was also an anatomist, invented several surgical instruments, and was a member of the Parisian barber surgeon guild. In his personal notes about the care he delivered to Captain Rat, in the Piémont campaign (1537–1538), Paré wrote: ''Je le pansai, Dieu le guérit'' ("I bandaged him and God healed him"). This epitomises a philosophy that he used throughout his career. These words, inscribed on his statue in Laval, are reminiscent of the Latin adage '' medicus curat, natura sanat''. Early life Paré was born in 1510 in Bourg-Hersent, near Laval, then part of the province of Maine, in northwestern France. As a child he watched, and was fir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Henderson Nicoll
James Henderson Nicoll FRCS(G), JP (30 September 1863 – 15 August 1921) was a Scottish paediatric surgeon and professor of surgery at Anderson's University. Nicoll was a pioneer of pediatrics, particularly regarding the care of children both in the hospital and after discharge. Nicoll was most notable for developing a surgical cure for pyloric stenosis and outpatient care of children with spina bifida, and was known as the ''Father of Day Surgery''. Life Nicoll was the son of Reverend James Nicoll, who was a distinguished minister in Glasgow. Nicoll undertook his early education at Glasgow Academy before attending to study medicine at the University of Glasgow at age 16, and graduating at the age of 23 with a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MB CM Glasgow) in 1886. Nicoll decided to specialise in surgery, and after taking a junior house post at the Western Infirmary, under Sir Hector Clare Cameron, Professor of Clinical Surgery at the University of Glasgow and W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radical Mastectomy
Radical mastectomy is a surgical procedure involving the removal of breast, underlying chest muscle (including pectoralis major and pectoralis minor), and lymph nodes of the axilla as a treatment for breast cancer. Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women today, and is primarily treated by surgery, particularly during the early twentieth century when the mastectomy was developed with success. However, with the advancement of technology and surgical skills, the extent of mastectomies has been reduced. Less invasive mastectomies are employed today in comparison to those in the past. Nowadays, a combination of radiotherapy and breast conserving mastectomy are employed to optimize treatment. Radical mastectomy Halsted and Meyer were the first to achieve successful results with the radical mastectomy, thus ushering in the modern era of surgical treatment for breast cancer. In 1894, William Halsted published his work with radical mastectomy from the 50 cases operated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Stewart Halsted
William Stewart Halsted, M.D. (September 23, 1852 – September 7, 1922) was an American surgeon who emphasized strict aseptic technique during surgical procedures, was an early champion of newly discovered anesthetics, and introduced several new operations, including the radical mastectomy for breast cancer. Along with William Osler (Professor of Medicine), Howard Atwood Kelly (Professor of Gynecology) and William H. Welch (Professor of Pathology), Halsted was one of the "Big Four" founding professors at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. His operating room at Johns Hopkins Hospital is in Ward G, and was described as a small room where medical discoveries and miracles took place. According to an intern who once worked in Halsted's operating room, Halsted had unique techniques, operated on the patients with great confidence and often had perfect results which astonished the interns. Throughout his professional life, he was addicted to cocaine and later also to morphine, which were no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theodor Billroth
Christian Albert Theodor Billroth (26 April 18296 February 1894) was a German surgeon and amateur musician. As a surgeon, he is generally regarded as the founding father of modern abdominal surgery. As a musician, he was a close friend and confidant of Johannes Brahms, a leading patron of the Viennese musical scene, and one of the first to attempt a scientific analysis of musicality. Early life and education Billroth was born at Bergen auf Rügen in the Kingdom of Prussia, the son of a pastor. His father died of tuberculosis when Billroth was five years old. He attended school in Greifswald where he obtained his ''Abitur'' degree in 1848. Billroth was an indifferent student, and spent more time practicing piano than studying. Torn between a career as a musician or as a physician, he acceded to his mother's wishes and enrolled himself at the University of Greifswald to study medicine, but gave up the whole of his first term to the study of music; Professor Wilhelm Baum, however ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carbolic Acid
Phenol (also called carbolic acid) is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula . It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile. The molecule consists of a phenyl group () bonded to a hydroxy group (). Mildly acidic, it requires careful handling because it can cause chemical burns. Phenol was first extracted from coal tar, but today is produced on a large scale (about 7 billion kg/year) from petroleum-derived feedstocks. It is an important industrial commodity as a precursor to many materials and useful compounds. It is primarily used to synthesize plastics and related materials. Phenol and its chemical derivatives are essential for production of polycarbonates, epoxies, Bakelite, nylon, detergents, herbicides such as phenoxy herbicides, and numerous pharmaceutical drugs. Properties Phenol is an organic compound appreciably soluble in water, with about 84.2 g dissolving in 1000 mL (0.895 M). Homogeneous mixtures of phenol and water at phenol to wate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister
Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister, (5 April 182710 February 1912) was a British surgeon, medical scientist, experimental pathologist and a pioneer of antiseptic surgery and preventative medicine. Joseph Lister revolutionised the craft of surgery in the same manner that John Hunter revolutionised the science of surgery. From a technical viewpoint, Lister was not an exceptional surgeon, but his research into bacteriology and infection in wounds raised his operative technique to a new plane where his observations, deductions and practices revolutionised surgery throughout the world. Lister's contribution to the fields of physiology, pathology and surgery were four-fold. He promoted the principle of antiseptic surgical care and wound management while working as a surgeon at the Glasgow Royal Infirmary by successfully introducing phenol (then known as carbolic acid) to sterilise surgical instruments, the patient's skin, sutures, the surgeon's hands and the ward. Secondly he r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philadelphia
Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the sixth-largest city in the U.S., the second-largest city in both the Northeast megalopolis and Mid-Atlantic regions after New York City. Since 1854, the city has been coextensive with Philadelphia County, the most populous county in Pennsylvania and the urban core of the Delaware Valley, the nation's seventh-largest and one of world's largest metropolitan regions, with 6.245 million residents . The city's population at the 2020 census was 1,603,797, and over 56 million people live within of Philadelphia. Philadelphia was founded in 1682 by William Penn, an English Quaker. The city served as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony during the British colonial era and went on to play a historic and vital role as the central meeting place for the nation's founding fathers whose plans and actions in Philadelphia ultimately inspired the American Revolution and the nation's inde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philip Syng Physick
Philip Syng Physick (July 7, 1768 – December 15, 1837) was an American physician and professor born in Philadelphia. Life and career Dr. Physick was born in Philadelphia on July 7, 1768, to Edmund and Abigail Syng Physick. Physick graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1785, then began the study of medicine under Adam Kuhn, and continued it in London under John Hunter, becoming, on January 1, 1790, house surgeon of St. George's hospital. In 1791 he received his license from the Royal College of Surgeons in London, and was invited by Hunter to assist him in his professional practice, but after a few months went to the University of Edinburgh, where he received his degree in medicine in 1792. He returned to Philadelphia to practice, taking a position at Pennsylvania Hospital. One of the foremost surgeons of the time, Physick was among the few doctors who remained in the city to care for the sick during Philadelphia's decimating Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1793. In 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wendy Moore
Wendy Moore is an English journalist, author, and historian. She has produced works on the English nobility, social history and the history of medicine. Her first work, ''The Knife Man'', was adapted as a TV pilot by AMC but did not go further. Her second book, ''Wedlock'', is currently being optioned for TV. Career Moore graduated from Harlow College (then Harlow Technical College), and took her first job at a newspaper at 19 in Buckinghamshire. She later became a crime reporter, investigating incidents such as the Dennis Nilsen murders, as well as a health reporter. Health and medical writing Her work in researching medical topics soon interested her in the health field as well as the history of medicine; she dedicated the rest of her career to writing about medical topics. Moore became the news editor of ''Health Service Journal'', a publication produced by the British National Health Service. In 1991, she left the ''Journal'' to become a freelance journalist, producing wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Hunt(surgeon)
John Hunt may refer to: Politics *John Hunt (MP for Reading) (fl. 1383–1421), MP for Reading *John Hunt (MP for Barnstaple), in 1407, MP for Barnstaple * John Hunt (MP for Sudbury) who represented Sudbury (UK Parliament constituency) *John Hunt (died 1586), MP for Rutland * John Samuel Hunt (1785–1865), silversmith *John Hunt (New South Wales politician) (1856–1930), Australian politician * John T. Hunt (1860–1916), U.S. Representative from Missouri *John E. Hunt (1908–1989), New Jersey politician *John Hunt (Western Australian politician) (1912–1988), Australian politician *John Hunt, Baron Hunt of Tanworth (1919–2008), British politician and Secretary of the Cabinet * John S. Hunt II (1928–2001), member of the Louisiana Public Service Commission from 1964 to 1972 *John Hunt (British politician, born 1929) (1929–2017), British Conservative Party politician, MP for Bromley, and for Ravensbourne *John B. Hunt (born 1956), American politician in New Hampshire Relig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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