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Five Ws
The Five Ws is a checklist used in journalism to ensure that the News style#Lead, lead contains all the essential points of a story. As far back as 1913, reporters were taught that the lead should answer these questions: * ''Who?''asking about a person or other agent * ''What?''asking about an object or action * ''When?''asking about a time * ''Where?''asking about a place * ''Why?''asking about a reason or cause In modern times, journalism students are still taught that these are the fundamental five questions of newswriting. Reporters also use the "5 Ws" to guide research and interviews and to raise important ethical questions, such as "How do you know that?". Nomenclature There are many other names for this checklist. Some common ones are: The Five W's and H, The 5 W's of Journalism, Six Honest-Serving Men. Usage outside of journalism In the United Kingdom (excluding Scotland), the Five Ws are used in Key Stage 2 and Key Stage 3 lessons (ages 7–14). In data analyti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Penance
Penance is any act or a set of actions done out of contrition for sins committed, as well as an alternative name for the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Oriental Orthodox sacrament of Reconciliation or Confession. The word ''penance'' derives from Old French and -4; we might wonder whether there's a point at which it's appropriate to talk of the beginnings of French, that is, when it wa ... and Latin ''paenitentia'', both of which derive from the same root meaning repentance, a sincere change of heart and feeling of remorse ( contrition). Penance and repentance, similar in their derivation and original sense, have come to represent conflicting views of the essence of repentance, arising from the controversy in the Protestant Reformation as to the respective merits of Faith in Christianity">"faith" and "good works". According to dictionary definitions, the primary meaning of ''penance'' is the deeds done out of ''penitence''. Like the latter, ''repentance'' refers to the gen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Of Salisbury
John of Salisbury (late 1110s – 25 October 1180), who described himself as Johannes Parvus ("John the Little"), was an English author, philosopher, educationalist, diplomat and bishop of Chartres. The historian Hans Liebeschuetz described him as one of the most notable figures of the " medieval Renaissance" of the 12th century. Early life and education Born at Salisbury, England, he was of Anglo-Saxon rather than of Norman extraction, and therefore apparently a clerk from a modest background, whose career depended upon his education. Beyond that, and that he applied to himself the cognomen of ''Parvus'', meaning "short" or "small", few details are known regarding his early life. From his own statements it is gathered that he crossed to France about 1136, and began regular studies in Paris under Peter Abelard,Guilfoy, Kevin"John of Salisbury" The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2015 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). who had for a brief period re-opened his famous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thierry Of Chartres
Thierry of Chartres (''Theodoricus Chartrensis'') or Theodoric the Breton (''Theodericus Brito'') (died before 1155, probably 1150) was a twelfth-century philosopher working at Chartres and Paris, France. The cathedral school at Chartres promoted scholarship before the first university was founded in France. Thierry was a major figure in twelfth-century philosophy and learning, and, like many twelfth-century scholars, is notable for his embrace of Plato's '' Timaeus'' and his application of philosophy to theological issues. Some modern scholars believed Thierry to have been a brother of Bernard of Chartres who had founded the school of Chartres, but later research has shown that this is unlikely. Thierry became chancellor of Chartres after his predecessor, Gilbert of Poitiers, returned to his native city in 1141. John of Salisbury, Herman of Carinthia, and Clarembald of Arras were among Thierry's students. Works ''Hexaemeron'' The ''Hexaemeron'' interprets the Genesis with r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boethius
Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius, commonly known simply as Boethius (; Latin: ''Boetius''; 480–524 AD), was a Roman Roman Senate, senator, Roman consul, consul, ''magister officiorum'', polymath, historian, and philosopher of the Early Middle Ages. He was a central figure in the translation of the Greek classics into Latin, a precursor to the Scholasticism, Scholastic movement, and, along with Cassiodorus, one of the two leading Christian scholars of the 6th century. The local cult of Boethius in the Diocese of Pavia was sanctioned by the Sacred Congregation of Rites in 1883, confirming the diocese's custom of honouring him on the 23 October. Boethius was born in Rome a few years after the forced abdication of the last Western Roman Empire, Western Roman emperor, Romulus Augustulus. A member of the Anicii family, he was orphaned following the family's sudden decline and was raised by Quintus Aurelius Memmius Symmachus, a later Roman consul, consul. After mastering both Latin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Julius Victor
Gaius Julius Victor (4th century AD) was a Roman writer of rhetoric, possibly of Gaulish origin. His extant manual is of some importance as facilitating the textual criticism of Quintilian Marcus Fabius Quintilianus (; 35 – 100 AD) was a Roman educator and rhetorician born in Hispania, widely referred to in medieval schools of rhetoric and in Renaissance writing. In English translation, he is usually referred to as Quin ..., whom he closely follows in many places. References Attribution: * *''Rhetores Latini minores'', Karl Halm (ed.), Lipsiae in aedibus B. G. Teubneri, 1863pp. 371-448 * ''C. Julii Victoris Ars rhetorica'', Remo Giomini; Maria Silvana Celentano (eds.) Leipzig: Teubner, 1980. {{DEFAULTSORT:Julius Victor, Gaius 4th-century Romans 4th-century writers in Latin Ancient Roman rhetoricians Victor, Gaius ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Victorinus
Marcus Piavonius VictorinusSome of the inscriptions record his name as M. Piavvonius Victorinus, as does the first release of coins from the Colonia mint. A mosaic from Augusta Treverorum (Trier) lists him as Piaonius. was Gallic Empire, emperor in the Gallic provinces from 268 to 270Martindale, p. 965 or 269 to 271,Polfer, ''Victorinus'' following the brief reign of Marcus Aurelius Marius, Marius. He was murdered by a jealous husband whose wife he had tried to seduce. Reign Hailing from Gaul, Victorinus was born into a Gauls, Gallic family of great wealth, and was a soldier under Postumus, the first of the so-called Gallic emperors. He showed considerable ability, as he held the title of tribunus praetorianorum (tribune of the praetorians) in 266/267, and rose swiftly to become co-consul (Gallic Empire), consul with Postumus in 268.Southern, p. 118 It is also possible that Postumus then elevated him to the post of praetorian prefect.Potter, p. 266 Shortly after putting down a r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaius Marius Victorinus
Gaius Marius Victorinus (also known as Victorinus Afer; ) was a Roman grammarian, rhetorician and Neoplatonic philosopher. Victorinus was African by birth and experienced the height of his career during the reign of Constantius II. He is also known for translating two of Aristotle's books from ancient Greek into Latin: the '' Categories'' and ''On Interpretation'' (''De Interpretatione''). Victorinus had a religious conversion, from being a pagan to a Christian, "at an advanced old age" (c. 355), which has been described in Augustine's ''Confessions''. Life Birthplace and early career Victorinus, at some unknown point, left his home of North Africa to live permanently in Rome (hence some modern scholars have dubbed him ''Afer''), probably for a teaching position, and had great success in his career, eventually being promoted to the lowest level of the senatorial order. That promotion probably came at the time when he received an honorific statue in the Forum of Trajan in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quintilian
Marcus Fabius Quintilianus (; 35 – 100 AD) was a Roman educator and rhetorician born in Hispania, widely referred to in medieval schools of rhetoric and in Renaissance writing. In English translation, he is usually referred to as Quintilian (), although the alternate spellings of Quintillian and Quinctilian are occasionally seen, the latter in older texts. Life Quintilian was born c. 35 AD in ''Calagurris'' ( Calahorra, La Rioja) in Hispania. His father, a well-educated man, sent him to Rome to study rhetoric early in the reign of Nero. While there, he cultivated a relationship with Domitius Afer, who died in 59. "It had always been the custom … for young men with ambitions in public life to fix upon some older model of their ambition … and regard him as a mentor". Quintilian evidently adopted Afer as his model and listened to him speak and plead cases in the law courts. Afer has been characterized as a more austere, classical, Ciceronian speaker than those commo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
De Inventione
''De Inventione'' is a handbook for orators that Cicero composed when he was still a young man. Quintilian tells us that Cicero considered the work rendered obsolete by his later writings. Originally four books in all, only two have survived into modern times. It is also credited with the first recorded use of the term "liberal arts" or ''artes liberales'', though whether Cicero coined the term is unclear. The text also defines the concept of '' dignitas'': ''dignitas est alicuius honesta et cultu et honore et verecundia digna auctoritas'' (''Dignity is honorable prestige. It merits respect, honour, and reverence.''). At the request of William of Santo Stefano, ''De Inventione'' was translated into Old French Old French (, , ; ) was the language spoken in most of the northern half of France approximately between the late 8th John of Antioch in 1282.. Cicero's Five Canons of Rhetoric In his writing ''De Inventione'', Cicero explained the five canons or tenets of rhetoric. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cicero
Marcus Tullius Cicero ( ; ; 3 January 106 BC – 7 December 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar, philosopher, orator, writer and Academic skeptic, who tried to uphold optimate principles during the political crises that led to the establishment of the Roman Empire. His extensive writings include treatises on rhetoric, philosophy and politics. He is considered one of Rome's greatest orators and prose stylists and the innovator of what became known as "Ciceronian rhetoric". Cicero was educated in Rome and in Greece. He came from a wealthy municipal family of the Roman equestrian order, and served as consul in 63 BC. He greatly influenced both ancient and modern reception of the Latin language. A substantial part of his work has survived, and he was admired by both ancient and modern authors alike. Cicero adapted the arguments of the chief schools of Hellenistic philosophy in Latin and coined a large portion of Latin philosophical vocabulary via ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
