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Euharamiyida
Euharamiyida also known as Eleutherodontida, is clade of early mammals or mammal-like cynodonts from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of Eurasia and possibly North America. The group is sometimes considered a sister group to Multituberculata, or part of an earlier divergence within the synapsid line. It is disputed whether or not they are related to the Haramiyids from the Late Triassic, such as ''Haramiyavia''. The morphology of their teeth indicates that they were herbivorous or omnivorous. Some members of the group are known to be arboreal, including gliding forms similar to modern flying squirrels or colugos. Evolution The position of euharamyidans is contested. They are either considered crown group mammals as members of Allotheria, related to multituberculates, or they are considered to stem-group mammals within the Mammaliaformes. The position is often dependent on the relationships of euharamiyids to the Late Triassic haramiyids such as ''Haramiyavia'' and ''Thom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vilevolodon
''Vilevolodon'' is an extinct, monotypic genus of volant, Arboreal locomotion, arboreal Euharamiyida, euharamiyids from the Oxfordian (stage), Oxfordian age of the Late Jurassic of China. The type species is ''Vilevolodon diplomylos''. The genus name ''Vilevolodon'' references its gliding capabilities, ''Vilevol'' (Latin for “glider”), while ''don'' (Greek for “tooth”) is a common suffix for mammalian taxon titles. The species name ''diplomylos'' refers to the dual mortar-and-pestle occlusion of upper and lower molars observed in the holotype; ''diplo'' (Greek for “double”), ''mylos'' (Greek for “grinding”). ''Vilevolodon'' is known from the Tiaojishan Formation in Qinglong County, China. Due to its unique combination of characters, ''Vilevolodon'' provides additional evidence to an increasingly complex scope of mammalian morphology and niche inhabitation. As the volant herbivorous lifestyle is previously only known from therian gliders, ''Vilevolodon'' stands as e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multituberculates
Multituberculata (commonly known as multituberculates, named for the multiple tubercles of their teeth) is an extinct order of rodent-like mammals with a fossil record spanning over 130 million years. They first appeared in the Middle Jurassic, and reached a peak diversity during the Late Cretaceous and Paleocene. They eventually declined from the mid Paleocene onwards, disappearing from the known fossil record in the late Eocene. They are the most diverse order of Mesozoic mammals with more than 200 species known, ranging from mouse-sized to beaver-sized. These species occupied a diversity of ecological niches, ranging from burrow-dwelling to squirrel-like arborealism to jerboa-like hoppers. Multituberculates are usually placed as crown mammals outside either of the two main groups of living mammals—Theria, including placentals and marsupials, and MonotremataAgustí-Antón 2002, pp 3-4—but usually as closer to Theria than to monotremes. They are considered to be clo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multituberculata
Multituberculata (commonly known as multituberculates, named for the multiple tubercles of their teeth) is an extinct order of rodent-like mammals with a fossil record spanning over 130 million years. They first appeared in the Middle Jurassic, and reached a peak diversity during the Late Cretaceous and Paleocene. They eventually declined from the mid Paleocene onwards, disappearing from the known fossil record in the late Eocene. They are the most diverse order of Mesozoic mammals with more than 200 species known, ranging from mouse-sized to beaver-sized. These species occupied a diversity of ecological niches, ranging from burrow-dwelling to squirrel-like arborealism to jerboa-like hoppers. Multituberculates are usually placed as crown mammals outside either of the two main groups of living mammals—Theria, including placentals and marsupials, and MonotremataAgustí-Antón 2002, pp 3-4—but usually as closer to Theria than to monotremes. They are considered to be clo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eleutherodon
''Kermackodon'' is an extinct genus of allotherian mammal, known from the Middle Jurassic of England. It combines features of multituberculates with those of euharamyidans. The remains of type species, ''K. multicuspis'' were collected from Kirtlington Quarry in Oxford, England, by a team lead from UCL led by Professor Kenneth Kermack after whom the taxon is named, from sediments of the Forest Marble Formation, dating to the Bathonian stage of the Middle Jurassic. The genus and species were named by Percy M. Butler and Jerry Hooker in 2005. The remains comprise a left upper molar (M2), a lower last premolar, initially considered a left but later considered more likely to be right (p4), and an incomplete non-last upper premolar (P3 or P4). A second species, ''K''. ''oxfordensis,'' from Kirtlington and also sediments of the White Limestone Formation The White Limestone Formation is a Bathonian geologic formation in the United Kingdom, dating to the Middle Jurassic, 168.3 to 166.1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gondwanatheria
Gondwanatheria is an extinct group of mammaliaforms that lived in parts of Gondwana, including Madagascar, India, South America, Africa and Antarctica during the Upper Cretaceous through the Paleogene (and possibly much earlier, if '' Allostaffia'' is a member of this group). Until recently, they were known only from isolated teeth, a few lower jaws, two partial skulls and one complete cranium. They are generally considered to be closely related to the multituberculates and likely the euharamiyidians, well known from the Northern Hemisphere, with which they form the clade Allotheria. Classification For several decades the affinities of the group were not clear, being first interpreted as early xenarthrans, or "toothless" mammals similar to the modern anteater. A variety of studies have placed them as allotheres related to multituberculates, possibly even true multituberculates, closer to cimolodonts than "plagiaulacidans" are. However, a more recent study recovered them as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cifelliodon
''Cifelliodon'' is an extinct genus of mammaliaforms from the Lower Cretaceous of North America. In the describing paper, it was considered one of the latest surviving haramiyids yet known, belonging to the family Hahnodontidae. Its discovery led to the proposal to remove hahnodontids from the larger well-known group, the multituberculates. However, later papers have considered it to be a basal allotherian outside of Haramiyida. The sole species in the genus, ''Cifelliodon wahkarmoosuch'', was found in the geological rock unit called the Yellow Cat Member, part of the Cedar Mountain Formation in Grand County, Utah. This rock unit dates to between 139-124 million years old. It was found alongside the remains of several dinosaurs - a large iguanodontian, a dromaeosaur, and an ornithopod - and parts of a crocodyliform. Etymology The genus name, ''Cifelliodon'', means Cifelli's tooth, and honours the well-known mammal palaeontologist, Richard Cifelli. The species name, ''C. wahkarm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xianshou
''Xianshou'' is a genus of glidingQing-Jin Meng; David M. Grossnickle; Di Liu; Yu-Guang Zhang; April I. Neander; Qiang Ji; Zhe-Xi Luo (2017). "New gliding mammaliaforms from the Jurassic". Nature. in press. . haramiyidan synapsid known from the Oxfordian stage of the Jurassic period, approximately 160 million years ago. Two species, ''X. linglong'' and ''X. songae,'' are known from fossils of the Tiaojishan Formation in the Liaoning province of China. Etymology The genus name is derived from Chinese ''xiān'' (仙), meaning "immortal" or "celestial being", and ''shòu'' (獸), meaning "creature" or "beast". The specific name ''linglong'' is derived from both the Chinese word for "exquisite" (玲瓏), and from the name of the town Linglongta, where the holotype was discovered. ''X. songae'' is named for the collector of the specimen, Rufeng Song. Description ''X. linglong ''is believed to have weighed 83 grams (2.9 oz) in life. It can be distinguished from ''X. songae'' a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sineleutherus
''Sineleutherus'' is an extinct genus of euharamiyids which existed in Asia during the Jurassic period. The type species is ''Sineleutherus uyguricus'', which was described by Thomas Martin, Alexander O. Averianov and Hans-Ulrich Pfretzschner in 2010; it lived in what is now China during the late Jurassic ( Oxfordian age) Qigu Formation. A second species, ''Sineleutherus issedonicus'', was described by A. O. Averianov, A. V. Lopatin and S. A. Krasnolutskii in 2011. It lived in what is now Sharypovsky District (Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia) during the middle Jurassic (Bathonian age); its fossils were collected from the upper part of the Itat Formation The Itat Formation (Russian: итатская свита) is a geologic formation in western Siberia. It was deposited in the Bajocian to Bathonian ages of the Middle Jurassic. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from t .... However, this is now believed to represent several euharamiyid taxa not closey related ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mammaliaformes
Mammaliaformes ("mammalian forms") is a clade that contains the crown group mammals and their closest Extinction, extinct relatives; the group adaptive radiation, radiated from earlier probainognathian cynodonts. It is defined as the clade originating from the most recent common ancestor of Morganucodonta and the crown group mammals; the latter is the clade originating with the most recent common ancestor of extant Monotremata, Marsupialia, and Placentalia. Besides Morganucodonta and the crown group mammals, Mammaliaformes includes Docodonta and ''Hadrocodium'' as well as the Triassic ''Tikitherium'', the earliest known member of the group. Mammaliaformes is a term of phylogenetic nomenclature. In contrast, the assignment of organisms to Mammalia has traditionally been founded on traits and, on this basis, Mammalia is slightly more inclusive than Mammaliaformes. In particular, trait-based taxonomy generally includes ''Adelobasileus'' and ''Sinoconodon'' in Mammalia, though they fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arboroharamiya
''Arboroharamiya'' ("tree thief" from Latin arbor, "tree" + Arabic الحرامية (al ḥarāmiyah), "thief, '' Haramiya''") is an extinct genus of early mammal (or possibly a non-mammalian mammaliaform) from the Middle Jurassic Tiaojishan Formation of Inner Mongolia, China. ''Arboroharamiya'' belongs to a group of mammaliaforms called Haramiyida. The type species ''Arboroharamiya jenkinsi'' was described in the journal ''Nature'' in 2013 alongside a description of the closely related haramiyidan ''Megaconus''. Unlike ''Megaconus'', which is thought to have been ground-dwelling, ''Arboroharamiya'' was arboreal. It has a long tail that might have been prehensile, and very long fingers. Based on the shape of its teeth, ''Arboroharamiya'' might have been an omnivore or a seed eater. Recent interpretations of its specimen suggest that it possessed patagia and was a glider. When ''Arboroharamiya'' was included in a phylogenetic analysis of early mammals and mammaliaforms, Haramiyi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Millsodon
''Millsodon'' is a member of the order Haramiyida, which lived during the Late Bathonian in Dorset and Oxfordshire. There are three sorts known, all with molariform teeth, of which BM(NH) M46645 is the holotype and BMNH M46183 is the paratype; an assigned specimen is BDUC J 3. The only species, ''M. superstes'', was described by Percy M. Butler & Jerry J. Hooker in 2005. The genus is named after the late Professor John R. E. Mills, who contributed a lot to the interpretation of Mesozoic mammalian teeth and was one of the original authors of the paratype, with the Greek word , (tooth). The species designation, '', is Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ... for 'survivor'. It is still unclear to which family ''Millsodon'' belongs. References Haramiyida ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maiopatagium
''Maiopatagium'' ("greater patagium" from Latin maius, “greater, larger” + Modern Latin patagium, “ patagium”) is an extinct genus of gliding euharamiyids which existed in Asia during the Jurassic period. It possessed a patagium between its limbs and presumably had similar lifestyle to living flying squirrels and colugos. The type species is ''Maiopatagium furculiferum'', which was described from the Tiaojishan Formation by Zhe-Xi Luo in 2017; it lived in what is now the Liaoning region of China during the late Jurassic ( Oxfordian age).''Maiopatagium'' and ''Vilevolodon'', described concurrently, offer clues to the ways various synapsids have taken to the skies over evolutionary time scales. A second species, ''M. sibiricum'', was described from the Bathonian aged Itat Formation The Itat Formation ( Russian: итатская свита) is a geologic formation in western Siberia. It was deposited in the Bajocian to Bathonian ages of the Middle Jurassic. Dinosaur re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
