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Diamidophosphate
Diamidophosphate (DAP) is the simplest phosphorodiamidate ion, with formula PO2(NH2)2−. It is a phosphorylating ion and was first used for phosphorylation of sugars in aqueous medium. DAP has attracted interest in the area of primordial chemistry. Salts Several salts of the formula MPO2(NH2)2(H2O)x are known. *The sodium salt can be made by base hydrolysis of phenyl phosphorodiamidate. It crystallises as a hexahydrate. It can be dehydrated. *The silver salt AgPO2(NH2)2 can react using double decomposition with bromides forming other salts. *The potassium diamidophosphate salt KPO2(NH2)2 is also known. *Phosphorodiamidic acid crystallizes as a trihydrate. Reactions Heating anhydrous sodium diamidophosphate causes polmerization: *At 160 °C, Na2P2O4(NH)(NH2)2, Na3P3O6(NH)2(NH2)2, Na4P4O8(NH)3(NH2)2, Na5P5O10(NH)4(NH2)2 and Na6P6O12(NH)5(NH2)2 are produced. These substances contain P-N-P backbones. These can be separated by paper chromatography. *At 200 °C the hexa-p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phosphorodiamidate
Phosphoramidates (sometimes also called amidophosphates) are a class of phosphorus compounds structurally related to phosphates (or organophosphates) via the substitution of an OR for a NR2. They are derivatives of phosphoramidic acids O=P(OH)(NR2)2, O=P(OH)2(NR2). A phosphorodiamidate (or diamidophosphate) is a phosphate that has two of its OH groups substituted by NR2 groups to give a species with the general formula O=P(OH)(NH2)2. The substitution of all three OH groups gives the phosphoric triamides (O=P(NR2)3), which are commonly referred to as phosphoramides. Examples Two examples of natural phosphoramidates are phosphocreatine and the phosphoramidate formed when histidine residues in histidine kinases are phosphorylated. An example of a phosphorodiamidate is morpholino which is used in molecular biology. See also *Phosphoramidite A phosphoramidite (RO)2PNR2 is a monoamide of a phosphite diester. The key feature of phosphoramidites is their markedly high reactivity toward ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phosphorylation
In chemistry, phosphorylation is the attachment of a phosphate group to a molecule or an ion. This process and its inverse, dephosphorylation, are common in biology and could be driven by natural selection. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Protein phosphorylation often activates (or deactivates) many enzymes. Glucose Phosphorylation of sugars is often the first stage in their catabolism. Phosphorylation allows cells to accumulate sugars because the phosphate group prevents the molecules from diffusing back across their transporter. Phosphorylation of glucose is a key reaction in sugar metabolism. The chemical equation for the conversion of D-glucose to D-glucose-6-phosphate in the first step of glycolysis is given by :D-glucose + ATP → D-glucose-6-phosphate + ADP : ΔG° = −16.7 kJ/mol (° indicates measurement at standard condition) Hepatic cells are freely permeable to glucose, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenyl Phosphorodiamidate
Phenyl phosphorodiamidate is an organophosphorus compound with the formula C6H5OP(O)(NH2)2. A white solid, it is used as an inhibitor of urease, an enzyme that accelerates the hydrolysis of urea. In this way, phenyl phosphorodiamidate enhances the effectiveness of urea-based fertilizers. It is a component of the technology of controlled release fertilizers. In terms of its molecular structure, phenyl phosphorodiamidate is a tetrahedral molecule structurally related to urea, hence its inhibitory function. It is a derivative of phosphoryl chloride. See also * N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide ''N''-(''n''-Butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) is the organophosphorus compound with the formula SP(NH2)2(NHC4H9). A white solid, NBPT is an "enhanced efficiency fertilizer", intended to limit the release of nitrogen-containing gases followi ..., a related urease inhibitor References {{Reflist Phosphoramides Soil improvers Fertilizers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyphosphate
Polyphosphates are salts or esters of polymeric oxyanions formed from tetrahedral PO4 (phosphate) structural units linked together by sharing oxygen atoms. Polyphosphates can adopt linear or a cyclic ring structures. In biology, the polyphosphate esters ADP and ATP are involved in energy storage. A variety of polyphosphates find application in mineral sequestration in municipal waters, generally being present at 1 to 5 ppm. GTP, CTP, and UTP are also nucleotides important in the protein synthesis, lipid synthesis, and carbohydrate metabolism, respectively. Polyphosphates are also used as food additives, marked E452. Structure Image:Triphosphorsäure.svg, Structure of triphosphoric acid Image:Polyphosphoric acid.svg, Polyphosphoric acid Image:Trimetaphosphat.svg, Cyclic trimetaphosphate Image:Adenosindiphosphat protoniert.svg, Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) The structure of tripolyphosphoric acid illustrates the principles which define the structures of polyphosp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urease
Ureases (), functionally, belong to the superfamily of amidohydrolases and phosphotriesterases. Ureases are found in numerous bacteria, fungi, algae, plants, and some invertebrates, as well as in soils, as a soil enzyme. They are nickel-containing metalloenzymes of high molecular weight. These enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia: : (NH2)2CO + H2O CO2 + 2NH3 The hydrolysis of urea occurs in two stages. In the first stage, ammonia and carbamic acid are produced. The carbamate spontaneously and rapidly hydrolyzes to ammonia and carbonic acid. Urease activity increases the pH of its environment as ammonia is produced, which is basic. History Its activity was first identified in 1876 by Frédéric Alphonse Musculus as a soluble ferment. In 1926, James B. Sumner, showed that urease is a protein by examining its crystallized form. Sumner's work was the first demonstration that a protein can function as an enzyme and led eventually to the reco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urea
Urea, also known as carbamide, is an organic compound with chemical formula . This amide has two amino groups (–) joined by a carbonyl functional group (–C(=O)–). It is thus the simplest amide of carbamic acid. Urea serves an important role in the metabolism of nitrogen-containing compounds by animals and is the main nitrogen-containing substance in the urine of mammals. It is a colorless, odorless solid, highly soluble in water, and practically non-toxic ( is 15 g/kg for rats). Dissolved in water, it is neither acidic nor alkaline. The body uses it in many processes, most notably nitrogen excretion. The liver forms it by combining two ammonia molecules () with a carbon dioxide () molecule in the urea cycle. Urea is widely used in fertilizers as a source of nitrogen (N) and is an important raw material for the chemical industry. In 1828 Friedrich Wöhler discovered that urea can be produced from inorganic starting materials, which was an important conceptual milestone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deborah Zamble
Deborah Beth Zamble (October 5, 1971 – July 6, 2020) was a Canadian chemist and Canada Research Chair in Biological Chemistry at the University of Toronto. Her research considered how bacteria processed metal nutrients. Early life and education Zamble was born in Kingston, Ontario. She attended the University of Toronto for her undergraduate studies, where she worked in the lab of the Bibudhendra Sarkar. Zamble was a graduate student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where she worked with Stephen J. Lippard on cisplatin, an anti-cancer drug. Her research considered the role of p53 in the cellular response to the drug. Zamble was a postdoctoral fellow at the Harvard Medical School, where she worked alongside Christopher T. Walsh. At the Harvard Medical School Zamble worked on the microcin B17 synthetase. Research and career Zamble returned to Canada in 2001, where she was made a Canada Research Chair in Biological Chemistry. Here she investigated how bacteria pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
