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Dryosaurid
Dryosaurids were primitive iguanodonts. They are known from Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous rocks of Africa, Europe, and North America. Phylogeny Until recently many dryosaurids have been regarded as dubious ('' Callovosaurus'' and '' Kangnasaurus'') or as species of the type member, ''Dryosaurus'' (''Dysalotosaurus'', ''Elrhazosaurus'' and ''Valdosaurus''). However, more recent studies redescribe these genera as valid. The cladogram A cladogram (from Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an evolutionary tree because it does not show how ancestors are related to ... below follows Paul M. Barrett, Richard J. Butler, Richard J. Twitchett and Stephen Hutt (2011). References {{Taxonbar, from=Q2505300 Iguanodonts Middle Jurassic first appearances Cretaceous extinctions Prehistoric dinosaur families Taxa named by Angela Milner Taxa named by David B. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eousdryosaurus
''Eousdryosaurus'' ("eastern ''Dryosaurus''") is a genus of basal iguanodontian dinosaur known from a partial skeleton discovered in Upper Jurassic rocks in western Portugal. The type, and only species, is ''Eousdryosaurus nanohallucis'', named and described in 2014. Discovery and naming ''Eousdryosaurus'' is based on SHN(JJS)-170, kept in the Sociedade de História Natural in Torres Vedras, Portugal. The articulated and well-preserved specimen includes a hip vertebra and eight vertebrae from the proximal part of the tail, their chevrons, the left ilium, the entire left leg, and the right thigh bone (femur). These bones were discovered in sandstone of the late Kimmeridgian-age (late Jurassic, approximately 152 million years old) Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo Member of the Lourinhã Formation in Porto das Barcas, Lourinhã, Portugal. The genus name is a reference to ''Eousdryosaurus'' being a relative of ''Dryosaurus'' on the east side of the Atlantic Ocean. The type and on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Callovosaurus
''Callovosaurus'' (meaning "Callovian lizard") is a genus of iguanodontian dinosaur known from most of a left thigh bone discovered in Middle Jurassic-age rocks of England. At times, it has been considered dubious or a valid genus of basal iguanodontian, perhaps a dryosaurid. History and description ''Callovosaurus'' is based on BMNH R1993, a nearly complete left thigh bone. This specimen was collected from the middle Callovian–age (Middle Jurassic) Peterborough Member (former Lower Oxford Clay) of the Oxford Clay Formation of Fletton, near Peterborough in Cambridgeshire, England. The bone is long, and is estimated to have belonged to an animal approximately in length. A partial shin bone from the same site or nearby, SMC J.46889, may also belong to ''Callovosaurus''. The type species, ''C. leedsi'', was first described by Richard Lydekker in 1889 as ''Camptosaurus leedsi'', the specific name honouring collector Alfred Nicholson Leeds. Aside from Charles W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elrhazosaurus
''Elrhazosaurus'' (meaning " Elrhaz lizard") is a genus of basal iguanodontian dinosaur, known from isolated bones found in Early Cretaceous rocks of Niger. These bones were initially thought to belong to a species of the related dryosaurid ''Valdosaurus'', but have since been reclassified. Discovery and history ''Elrhazosaurus'' is based on MNHN GDF 332, a left thigh bone collected by Philippe Taquet from the upper part of the Elrhaz Formation of Gadoufaoua in the Ténéré Desert, Agadez, Niger. This rock unit dates to the late Aptian stage, approximately 115 million years ago. The bone was designated as the type specimen of a new species of ''Valdosaurus'' (''V. nigeriensis'') by Peter Galton and Taquet in 1982. It was differentiated from the type species ''V. canaliculatus'' by the locations of trochanters and other details. Because ''V. canaliculatus'' is known from Europe, the presence of a related species in central Africa was interpreted as evidenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kangnasaurus
''Kangnasaurus'' (meaning "Farm Kangnas lizard") is a genus of iguanodontian ornithopod dinosaur found in supposedly Early Cretaceous rocks of South Africa. It is known from a tooth and possibly some postcranial remains found in the early- Aptian Kalahari Deposits Formation. It was probably similar to ''Dryosaurus''. Discovery and naming ''Kangnasaurus'' was named in 1915 by Sidney H. Haughton. The type species is ''Kangnasaurus coetzeei''. The generic name refers to the Kangnas farm; the specific name to the farmer, Coetzee. ''Kangnasaurus'' is based on holotype SAM 2732, a tooth found at a depth of 34 metres in a well at Farm Kangnas, in the Orange River valley of northern Cape Province, South Africa. The age of these rocks, conglomerates in an ancient crater lake, is unclear; they are thought to be from the Early Cretaceous (probably early- Aptian). Haughton thought SAM 2732 was a tooth from the upper jaw, but Michael Cooper reidentified it as a lower jaw tooth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dysalotosaurus
''Dysalotosaurus'' ("uncatchable lizard") is a genus of herbivorous iguanodontian dinosaur. It was a dryosaurid iguanodontian, and its fossils have been found in late Kimmeridgian-age rocks (Late Jurassic) of the Tendaguru Formation of Lindi Region in Tanzania. The type and only species of the genus is ''D. lettowvorbecki''. This species was named by Hans Virchow in 1919 in honor of the Imperial German Army Officer, Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck. For much of the 20th century the species was referred to the related and approximately contemporary genus ''Dryosaurus'', but newer studies reject this synonymy. Discovery and naming Thousands of ''Dysalotosaurus'' bones and bone fragments have been recovered from the Tendaguru Formation in Tanzania, Africa since 1909; the specimens described by Hans Virchow (1919) were discovered between 1909 and 1913. It has been suggested that all of these specimens were part of a herd that was killed in a mass death event. The genus was named by Hans V ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valdosaurus
''Valdosaurus'' ("Weald Lizard") is a genus of bipedal herbivorous iguanodont ornithopod dinosaur found on the Isle of Wight and elsewhere in England, Spain and possibly also Romania. It lived during the Early Cretaceous. Discovery and naming In the nineteenth century Reverend William Darwin Fox collected two small thighbones near Cowleaze Chine on the southwest coast of the Isle of Wight. In 1868 he incorrectly suggested these may have come from the same individual that had in 1848 been uncovered for Gideon Mantell as a fossil of ''Iguanodon'', and which in 1869 would be named as the new genus ''Hypsilophodon''. Regardless, both femora, made part of the collection of the British Museum of Natural History as specimens BMNH R184 and BMNH R185, would be commonly referred to the latter genus. However, in 1975 Peter Galton named them as a new species of ''Dryosaurus'': ''Dryosaurus canaliculatus''. The specific name means "with a small channel" in Latin, referring to a d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middle Jurassic
The Middle Jurassic is the second epoch of the Jurassic Period. It lasted from about 174.1 to 163.5 million years ago. Fossils of land-dwelling animals, such as dinosaurs, from the Middle Jurassic are relatively rare, but geological formations containing land animal fossils include the Forest Marble Formation in England, the Kilmaluag Formation in Scotland,British Geological Survey. 2011Stratigraphic framework for the Middle Jurassic strata of Great Britain and the adjoining continental shelf: research report RR/11/06 British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham. the Daohugou Beds in China, the Itat Formation in Russia, and the Isalo III Formation of western Madagascar. Paleogeography During the Middle Jurassic Epoch, Pangaea began to separate into Laurasia and Gondwana, and the Atlantic Ocean formed. Eastern Laurasia was tectonically active as the Cimmerian plate continued to collide with Laurasia's southern coast, completely closing the Paleo-Tethys Ocean. A subduction zone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zalmoxes
''Zalmoxes'' is an extinct genus of rhabdodontid ornithopod dinosaur from the Maastrichtian of Romania. The genus is known from specimens first named as the species '' Mochlodon robustum'' in 1899 by Franz Nopcsa before being reclassified as ''Rhabdodon robustum'' by him in 1915. In 1990 this name was corrected to ''Rhabdodon robustus'' by George Olshevsky, and in 2003 the species was once more reclassified, this time as the type species ''Zalmoxes robustus''. ''Zalmoxes'' refers to the Dacian deity Zalmoxis, and ''robustus'' to the robustness of the remains. In 2003 another species was named, ''Zalmoxes shqiperorum'', named for the Albanian name for Albanians. History of discovery ''Zalmoxes'' was first known from numerous fossils found in Transylvania, which were named as the species '' Mochlodon robustus'' by Baron Franz Nopcsa in 1899. The specific name referred to its robust build. In 1915 Nopcsa renamed the species as ''Rhabdodon robustum'', amended by in 2003 b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prehistoric Dinosaur Families
Prehistory, also known as pre-literary history, is the period of human history between the use of the first stone tools by hominins 3.3 million years ago and the beginning of recorded history with the invention of writing systems. The use of symbols, marks, and images appears very early among humans, but the earliest known writing systems appeared 5000 years ago. It took thousands of years for writing systems to be widely adopted, with writing spreading to almost all cultures by the 19th century. The end of prehistory therefore came at very different times in different places, and the term is less often used in discussing societies where prehistory ended relatively recently. In the early Bronze Age, Sumer in Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley Civilisation, and ancient Egypt were the first civilizations to develop their own scripts and to keep historical records, with their neighbors following. Most other civilizations reached the end of prehistory during the following Iron Age. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cretaceous Extinctions
The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 79 million years, it is the longest geological period of the entire Phanerozoic. The name is derived from the Latin ''creta'', "chalk", which is abundant in the latter half of the period. It is usually abbreviated K, for its German translation ''Kreide''. The Cretaceous was a period with a relatively warm climate, resulting in high eustatic sea levels that created numerous shallow inland seas. These oceans and seas were populated with now- extinct marine reptiles, ammonites, and rudists, while dinosaurs continued to dominate on land. The world was ice free, and forests extended to the poles. During this time, new groups of mammals and birds appeared. During the Early Cretaceous, flowering plants appeared and began to rapidly diversify, becoming the dominant group of plants across the Earth b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middle Jurassic First Appearances
Middle or The Middle may refer to: * Centre (geometry), the point equally distant from the outer limits. Places * Middle (sheading), a subdivision of the Isle of Man * Middle Bay (other) * Middle Brook (other) * Middle Creek (other) * Middle Island (other) * Middle Lake (other) * Middle Mountain, California * Middle Peninsula, Chesapeake Bay, Virginia * Middle Range, a former name of the Xueshan Range on Taiwan Island * Middle River (other) * Middle Rocks, two rocks at the eastern opening of the Straits of Singapore * Middle Sound, a bay in North Carolina * Middle Township (other) * Middle East Music *Middle (song), "Middle" (song), 2015 *The Middle (Jimmy Eat World song), "The Middle" (Jimmy Eat World song), 2001 *The Middle (Zedd, Maren Morris and Grey song), "The Middle" (Zedd, Maren Morris and Grey song), 2018 *"Middle", a song by Rocket from the Crypt from their 1995 album ''Scream, Dracula, Scream!'' *"The Middle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iguanodonts
Iguanodontia (the iguanodonts) is a clade of herbivorous dinosaurs that lived from the Middle Jurassic to Late Cretaceous. Some members include ''Camptosaurus'', ''Dryosaurus'', ''Iguanodon'', ''Tenontosaurus'', and the hadrosaurids or "duck-billed dinosaurs". Iguanodontians were one of the first groups of dinosaurs to be found. They are among the best known of the dinosaurs, and were among the most diverse and widespread herbivorous dinosaur groups of the Cretaceous period. Classification Iguanodontia is often listed as an infraorder within a suborder Ornithopoda, though Benton (2004) lists Ornithopoda as an infraorder and does not rank Iguanodontia. Traditionally, iguanodontians were grouped into the superfamily Iguanodontoidea and family Iguanodontidae. However, phylogenetic studies show that the traditional "iguanodontids" are a paraphyletic grade leading up to the hadrosaurs (duck-billed dinosaurs). Groups like Iguanodontoidea are sometimes still used as unranked clades in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
