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Choristoderes
Choristodera (from the Greek χωριστός ''chōristos'' + δέρη ''dérē'', 'separated neck') is an extinct order of semiaquatic diapsid reptiles that ranged from the Middle Jurassic, or possibly Triassic, to the late Miocene (168 to 11.6 million years ago). Choristoderes are morphologically diverse, with the best known members being the crocodile-like neochoristoderes such as ''Champsosaurus''. Other choristoderans had lizard-like or long necked morphologies. Choristoderes appear to have been confined to the Northern Hemisphere, having been found in North America, Asia, and Europe, and possibly also North Africa. Choristoderes are generally thought to be derived neodiapsids that are close relatives or members of Sauria. History of Discovery Choristodera was erected in 1876, originally as a suborder of Rhynchocephalia by Edward Drinker Cope to contain ''Champsosaurus,'' which was described from Late Cretaceous strata of Montana by Cope in the same paper. A year ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neochoristodera
Neochoristodera is a lineage of specialised crocodile-like fully aquatic choristodere reptiles. Noted for their long jaws and large size, these animals were predominant across the Northern Hemisphere, occurring in freshwater and coastal environments across the Cretaceous and early Cenozoic. Systematics Neochoristoderes form a monophyletic group, however there is no consensus about the relationships of the genera, which have been recovered as a polytomy in recent studies. Neochoristodera contains the named genera ''Champsosaurus'', '' Ikechosaurus'', ''Kosmodraco'', ''Liaoxisaurus'', '' Mengshanosaurus'', ''Simoedosaurus'' and ''Tchoiria''. Various taxa of uncertain affinities within this group are known, including a partial femur of a choristodere, possibly of a neochoristodere from the Cedar Mountain Formation of the United States and an indeterminate partial skeleton from the Kuwajima Formation of Japan. Evolution Neochoristoderes first appear in the Early Cretaceous of Asia, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coeruleodraco
''Coeruleodraco'' is an extinct genus of choristoderan known from the Late Jurassic ( Oxfordian) Tiaojishan Formation in China. ''Coeruleodraco'' is significant as the most complete Jurassic choristodere taxon, as the only other named Jurassic choristodere ''Cteniogenys'' is based on fragmentary remains. Although similar to ''Philydrosaurus'' in its proportions and postcranial characters, it is distinct in retaining several apparently plesiomorphic characters, including a short snout, paired external nares and an open lower temporal fenestra. Description The skeleton was small, about 20.3 cm (8.0 inches) in length, not including the tail. The tail is incomplete, but including its estimated length, the total length of the skeleton would have been closer to 40.0 cm (15.7 inches). ''Coeruleodraco'' had a generalized, lizard-like body type. This is similar to some early choristoderes (like ''Cteniogenys'', ''Philydrosaurus'', and ''Monjurosuchus''), but contrasts with other choris ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lazarussuchus
''Lazarussuchus'' (meaning " Lazarus's crocodile") is an extinct genus of amphibious reptile, known from the Cenozoic of Europe. It is the youngest known member of Choristodera, an extinct order of aquatic reptiles that first appeared in the Middle Jurassic. Fossils have been found in Late Paleocene, Late Oligocene, Early Miocene and Late Miocene deposits (~56-11.6 million years ago) in France, Germany, and the Czech Republic. Two species have been named: the type species ''L. inexpectatus'' ("unexpected") (Hecht, 1992) from the late Oligocene of France. and ''L. dvoraki'' from the early Miocene of the Czech Republic. It was not a large animal; the skull of ''L. inexpectatus'' was only about 4.53 centimeters long (1.78 in), with the total preserved body and tail length being just over 30 centimetres. A complete specimen of ''Lazarussuchus'' with preserved soft tissue was found from the Late Paleocene of France, but has not been assigned to a species. Discovery The firs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simoedosaurus
''Simoedosaurus'' is an extinct reptile known from the Paleocene of North America, Europe and western Asia, and a member of the Choristodera, a group of aquatic reptiles that lived in the Northern Hemisphere from the Jurassic to the early Cenozoic. Described other species, ''S. dakotensis'' later got its own genus, ''Kosmodraco''. Taxonomy French paleontologist Paul Gervais described ''Simoedosaurus'' in 1877. Though similar to and contemporaneous, ''Simoedosaurus'' is not closely related to the North American ''Champsosaurus'', instead it appears to be most closely related to ''Tchoiria'' and '' Ikechosaurus'' from the Early Cretaceous of Asia. It therefore may represent a species that immigrated into North America from Asia in the wake of the Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extinction event, though the absence of choristoderes in the Late Cretaceous of Asia makes this merely a paleogeographical speculation. Biology ''Simoedosaurus'' was an aquatic predator, specialised to a fully ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Champsosaurus
''Champsosaurus'' is an extinct genus of crocodile-like choristodere reptile, known from the Late Cretaceous and early Paleogene periods of North America and Europe (Campanian-Paleocene). The name ''Champsosaurus'' is thought to come from , () said in an Ancient Greek source to be an Egyptian word for "crocodiles", and , () Greek for "lizard". The morphology of ''Champsosaurus'' resembles that of gharials, with a long, elongated snout. It was native to freshwater environments where it likely preyed on fish, similar to living gharials. History of research ''Champsosaurus'' was the first member of the Choristodera to be described. ''Champsosaurus'' was named by Edward Drinker Cope in 1876, from isolated vertebrae found in Late Cretaceous strata of the Judith River Formation on the banks of the Judith River in Fergus County, Montana. Cope designated ''C. annectens'' as the type species rather than the first named ''C. profundus'' due to the larger number of vertebrae he attributed t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heishanosaurus
''Heishanosaurus'' is an extinct genus of choristodere reptile from the Early Cretaceous of China. The type and currently only known species is ''Heishanosaurus pygmaeus''. It is unusual as it is much more primitive than other known choristoderes from the Early Cretaceous of Asia, and retains many plesiomorphic characters. Discovery The type specimens are represented by the blocks IVPP V25322, 25323 and 25324, were discovered in September 2003 at the Badaohao locality, in Heishan County, Liaoning Province, China, in sediments belonging to the Shahai Formation. The Shahai Formation is generally thought to overlie the Jiufotang Formation and has an uncertain Aptian-Albian age, based on the radiometric dating of the Jiufotang Formation. The remains are disarticulated inside the blocks, and were scanned using microcomputed tomography. Description Remains include disarticulated skull bones, along with limited postcranial remains. Based on the size of the skull, the animal likely a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monjurosuchus
''Monjurosuchus'' is a genus of choristoderan reptile that lived in what is now China and Japan during the Early Cretaceous. It has large eyes, a rounded skull, robust legs with short claws, and a long, thin tail. Fossils have been found that preserve soft tissue, showing that it had soft skin and webbed feet. Description and history ''Monjurosuchus'' was first found in China as part of the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota. Named in 1940, the type species ''M. splendens'' was the first reptile described from the Yixian Formation. The holotype specimen was lost during World War II but was replaced in 2000 by a recently discovered neotype preserving soft tissue. In 2007, remains were described from the Okurodani Formation of the Tetori Group of Japan. The Japanese material represents a different species of ''Monjurosuchus'' that has not yet been named. ''Monjurosuchus'' was a small choristodere, reaching a length of 40 cm with a 5 cm skull. Unlike related choristoderes, ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philydrosaurus
''Philydrosaurus'' is an extinct genus of choristoderan which existed in China during the Early Cretaceous. The type species ''P. proseilus'' was named in 2005. ''Philydrosaurus'' was found from the Jiufotang Formation and is slightly younger than ''Monjurosuchus'', which was found from the Yixian Formation. Description Distinct ridges cover the prefrontal and postfrontal bones of the skull, distinguishing ''Philydrosaurus'' from related genera. The lower temporal fenestra, usually present as a hole in the back of the skull of choristoderes, is closed by bone in ''Philydrosaurus''. The eye sockets are large and spaced close together, similar to ''Monjurosuchus'' and ''Lazarussuchus''. ''Philydrosaurus'' is considered more basal than these choristoderes because its eyes are not as closely spaced and face laterally rather than dorsally. The skull is similar in shape to that of ''Cteniogenys'', the most basal choristodere. The shortness of the skull and the laterally facing eye soc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyphalosaurus
''Hyphalosaurus'' (meaning "submerged lizard") is a genus of freshwater aquatic reptiles, belonging to the extinct order Choristodera. They lived during the early Cretaceous period (Aptian age), about 122 million years ago. The genus contains two species, ''H. lingyuanensis'' and ''H. baitaigouensis'', both from the Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, China. They are among the best-known animals from the Jehol Biota, with thousands of fossil specimens representing all growth stages in scientific and private collections. Description and biology ''Hyphalosaurus'' fossils are relatively widespread in the Jehol beds, which represent a series of freshwater lakes. Several specimens of ''H. lingyuanensis'' and thousands of ''H. baitaigouensis'' specimens are known from the Yixian Formation, including entire growth series from embryos in eggs to fully grown adults. ''H. baitaigouensis'' was originally reported from the younger Jiufotang Formation, though subsequent study showed that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khurendukhosaurus
''Khurendukhosaurus'' is a genus of choristodere, a type of amphibious reptile. It is known from Lower Cretaceous rocks of Mongolia and Russia. Two species have been named. The type species, ''K. orlovi'', was named in 1984 by Sigogneau–Russell and Efimov for the fragmentary postcranial skeleton PIN 3386/3. This specimen was discovered in the Albian-age Lower Cretaceous Khuren Dukh Formation Formation at Hüren Dukh, central Mongolia. The lake deposits at this site also contain fossils of the choristoderes ''Irenosaurus'' and ''Tchoiria''. Other postcranial bones of ''K. orlovi'' have been found at this site as well. Second species ''K. bajkalensis'' was named by Efimov in 1996 for PIN 2234/201, consisting of a scapulocoracoid and a rib. These bones were found in the Lower Cretaceous Murtoi Formation at Lake Gusinoye, Buryatia, Russia. The first Russian choristodere, Efimov and Storrs (2000) found it difficult to distinguish from ''K. orlovi'' based on the smal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reptile
Reptiles, as most commonly defined are the animals in the class Reptilia ( ), a paraphyletic grouping comprising all sauropsids except birds. Living reptiles comprise turtles, crocodilians, squamates (lizards and snakes) and rhynchocephalians (tuatara). As of March 2022, the Reptile Database includes about 11,700 species. In the traditional Linnaean classification system, birds are considered a separate class to reptiles. However, crocodilians are more closely related to birds than they are to other living reptiles, and so modern cladistic classification systems include birds within Reptilia, redefining the term as a clade. Other cladistic definitions abandon the term reptile altogether in favor of the clade Sauropsida, which refers to all amniotes more closely related to modern reptiles than to mammals. The study of the traditional reptile orders, historically combined with that of modern amphibians, is called herpetology. The earliest known proto-reptiles originated around ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ikechosaurus
''Ikechosaurus'' is an extinct genus of choristodere reptile which existed in China and Mongolia during the Early Cretaceous. It contains the species ''Ikechosaurus sunailinae'' and ''Ikechosaurus gaoi''. It belongs to the crocodilian-like clade Neochoristodera and was initially assigned to the Champsosauridae Neochoristodera is a lineage of specialised crocodile-like fully aquatic choristodere reptiles. Noted for their long jaws and large size, these animals were predominant across the Northern Hemisphere, occurring in freshwater and coastal environme ... by Sigogneau-Russell (1981). Compared to other neochoristoderes, ''Ikechosaurus'' has a rather simple dentition, lacking the speciations seen in latter species. It also has parasphenoid palatal teeth, a feature not seen in any other choristodere. References Choristodera Cretaceous reptiles of Asia Cretaceous choristoderes Prehistoric reptile genera Fossil taxa described in 1981 {{Cretaceous-reptile-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
