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Brick Tax
The brick tax was a property tax introduced in Great Britain in 1784, during the reign of King George III, to help pay for the wars in the American Colonies. Bricks were initially taxed at 2 s 6 d per thousand. The brick tax was eventually abolished in 1850. Proposal The brick tax was first proposed by Lord George Lyttelton in 1756. The proposal was perceived as partial since parts of Britain used mainly stone for building and also as unfair since the tax would not apply to the rich as their houses were built almost exclusively from stone. Lyttelton failed to pass the brick tax proposal and consequently started to promote tax on publicans, which (at the rate of 1l per a business license) was calculated to generate considerably more revenue than the brick tax. The brick tax was proposed and rejected again in 1778. The brick tax finally passed in 1784 to cover costs of War of American Independence. The reason bricks were chosen to be the subject of the tax was that there had b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wilkes Gobs Oversize Bricks, Measham
Wilkes may refer to: Places * Wilkes, Portland, Oregon, a US neighborhood * Wilkes County, Georgia * Wilkes County, North Carolina * Wilkes Basin, George V Land, Antarctica * Wilkes Station, Antarctica, a research station * Battery Wilkes, a historic artillery battery in West Ashley, Charleston, South Carolina * Wilkes Power Plant, Jefferson, Texas, an electrical power station Schools in the United States * Wilkes University, Pennsylvania * Wilkes Community College, Wilkesboro, North Carolina * Wilkes Honors College, Florida People * Wilkes (surname), people with the surname * Wilkes Angel (1817–1889), New York lawyer and politician * Wilkes C. Robinson (1925–2015), judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims from 1987 to 1997 Other uses * , several US Navy vessels * Wilkes (horse) (born 1952), Australian thoroughbred See also * Wilk * Wilken * Wilkens * Wilkes Land, Antarctica ** Clarie Coast, called Wilkes Coast in Australia * Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leicestershire
Leicestershire ( ; postal abbreviation Leics.) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in the East Midlands, England. The county borders Nottinghamshire to the north, Lincolnshire to the north-east, Rutland to the east, Northamptonshire to the south-east, Warwickshire to the south-west, Staffordshire to the west, and Derbyshire to the north-west. The border with most of Warwickshire is Watling Street, the modern A5 road. Leicestershire takes its name from the city of Leicester located at its centre and administered separately from the rest of the county. The ceremonial county – the non-metropolitan county plus the city of Leicester – has a total population of just over 1 million (2016 estimate), more than half of which lives in the Leicester Urban Area. History Leicestershire was recorded in the Domesday Book in four wapentakes: Guthlaxton, Framland, Goscote, and Gartree. These later became hundreds, with the division of Goscote into West Goscote and Ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Taxation In The United Kingdom
The history of taxation in the United Kingdom includes the history of all collections by governments under law, in money or in kind, including collections by monarchs and lesser feudal lords, levied on persons or property subject to the government, with the primary purpose of raising revenue. Background Prior to the formation of the United Kingdom in 1707, taxation had been levied in the countries that joined to become the UK. For example, in England, King John introduced an export tax on wool in 1203 and King Edward I introduced taxes on wine in 1275. Also in England, a Poor Law tax was established in 1572 to help the deserving poor, and then changed from a local tax to a national tax in 1601. In June 1628, England's Parliament passed the Petition of Right which among other measures, prohibited the use of taxes without its agreement. This prevented the Crown from creating arbitrary taxes and imposing them upon subjects without consultation. One of the key taxes introduced by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wallpaper Tax
The wallpaper tax was a property tax introduced in Great Britain in 1712, during the reign of Queen Anne. Patterned, printed, or painted wallpaper was initially taxed at 1 d per square yard, rising to 1 s (equivalent to £ as of ), by 1809. The tax was bypassed by purchasing untaxed plain paper and having it hand stenciled. The tax was abolished in 1836. See also * Brick tax * Glass tax * Hearth tax * Window tax Window tax was a property tax based on the number of windows in a house. It was a significant social, cultural, and architectural force in England, France, and Ireland during the 18th and 19th centuries. To avoid the tax, some houses from the pe ... References ;Notes ;Bibliography * History of taxation in the United Kingdom History of taxation Property taxes Wallcoverings Abolished taxes {{tax-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Window Tax
Window tax was a property tax based on the number of windows in a house. It was a significant social, cultural, and architectural force in England, France, and Ireland during the 18th and 19th centuries. To avoid the tax, some houses from the period can be seen to have bricked-up window-spaces (ready to be glazed or reglazed at a later date). In England and Wales it was introduced in 1696 and was repealed 155 years later, in 1851. In France it was established in 1798 and was repealed in 1926. Scotland had window tax from 1748 until 1798. History The tax was introduced in England and Wales in 1696 under King William III and was designed to impose tax relative to the prosperity of the taxpayer, but without the controversy that then surrounded the idea of income tax. At that time, many people in Britain opposed income tax, on principle, because the disclosure of personal income represented an unacceptable governmental intrusion into private matters, and a potential threat to per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hearth Tax
A hearth tax was a property tax in certain countries during the medieval and early modern period, levied on each hearth, thus by proxy on wealth. It was calculated based on the number of hearths, or fireplaces, within a municipal area and is considered among the first types of progressive tax. Hearth tax was levied in the Byzantine Empire from the 9th century, France and England from the 14th century, and finally in Scotland and Ireland in the 17th century. History Byzantine Empire In the Byzantine Empire a tax on hearths, known as ''kapnikon'', was first explicitly mentioned for the reign of Nicephorus I (802–811), although its context implies that it was already then old and established and perhaps it should be taken back to the 7th century AD. Kapnikon was a tax levied on households without exceptions for the poor.Haldon, John F. (1997) ''Byzantium in the Seventh Century: the Transformation of a Culture''. Cambridge University Press. France In the 1340s especially, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glass Tax
The glass tax was introduced in Great Britain in 1746, during the reign of King George II. Originally, these acts taxed initially raw materials used for glass making. Glass was at that time sold by weight, and manufacturers responded by producing smaller, more highly decorated objects, often with hollow stems, known today as "Excise glasses". The impact of these taxes was that many glassworks had to move their businesses to bordering countries, most frequently to Ireland. In 1780, the government granted Ireland free trade in glass without taxation, resulting in the establishment of glassworks in Cork and Waterford. After the campaigns against those acts, glass tax was shifted in 1811 to all products made from glass, for examples green glass bottles, windows and flint glass. The heavy decorative glass objects and large windows became the symbol of wealth in this time period. This also meant that only the very wealthy could afford green houses and the fruit grown in them. In 1825 the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mathematical Tiles
Mathematical tiles are tiles which were used extensively as a building material in the southeastern counties of England—especially East Sussex and Kent—in the 18th and early 19th centuries. They were laid on the exterior of timber-framed buildings as an alternative to brickwork, which their appearance closely resembled. A distinctive black variety with a glazed surface was used on many buildings in Brighton (now part of the city of Brighton and Hove) from about 1760 onwards, and is considered a characteristic feature of the town's early architecture. Although the brick tax (1784–1850) was formerly thought to have encouraged use of mathematical tiles, in fact the tiles were subject to the same tax. Name The precise origin of the name "mathematical" is unknown. Local historian Norman Nail ascribes it to the "neat geometric pattern" produced by the tiles. John W. Cowan suggests it means "exactly regular", an older sense of "mathematical" which is now rare. Other attributi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Weatherboarding
Clapboard (), also called bevel siding, lap siding, and weatherboard, with regional variation in the definition of these terms, is wooden siding of a building in the form of horizontal boards, often overlapping. ''Clapboard'' in modern American usage is a word for long, thin boards used to cover walls and (formerly) roofs of buildings. Historically, it has also been called ''clawboard'' and ''cloboard''. In the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand, the term ''weatherboard'' is always used. An older meaning of "clapboard" is small split pieces of oak imported from Germany for use as barrel staves, and the name is a partial translation (from , "to fit") of Middle Dutch and related to German . Types Riven Clapboards were originally riven radially producing triangular or "feather-edged" sections, attached thin side up and overlapped thick over thin to shed water. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Measham
Measham is a large village in the North West Leicestershire district in Leicestershire, England, near the Derbyshire, Staffordshire and Warwickshire boundaries. It lies off the A42, 4½ miles (7.25 km) south of Ashby de la Zouch, in the National Forest. Historically it was in an exclave of Derbyshire absorbed into Leicestershire in 1897. The name is thought to mean "homestead on the River Mease". The village was once part of Derbyshire before being transferred to Leicestershire. History Early history The name ''Meas-Ham'' suggests it was founded in the Saxon period between 350 and 1000 CE. Just before the Norman Conquest of 1066, the village belonged to "Earl Algar". The Domesday Book of 1086 has it belonging directly to the King, as part of a royal estate centred at Repton. Its taxable value was assessed at a mere 2 geld units, containing land for three ploughs, 20 acres (8 ha) of meadow, and a square furlong (10 acres, 4 ha) of woodland. Middle Ages The manor passed fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Property Tax
A property tax or millage rate is an ad valorem tax on the value of a property.In the OECD classification scheme, tax on property includes "taxes on immovable property or net wealth, taxes on the change of ownership of property through inheritance or gift and taxes on financial and capital transactions" (see: ), but this article only covers taxes on realty. The tax is levied by the governing authority of the jurisdiction in which the property is located. This can be a national government, a federated state, a county or geographical region or a municipality. Multiple jurisdictions may tax the same property. Often a property tax is levied on real estate. It may be imposed annually or at the time of a real estate transaction, such as in real estate transfer tax. This tax can be contrasted to a rent tax, which is based on rental income or imputed rent, and a land value tax, which is a levy on the value of land, excluding the value of buildings and other improvements. Un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Wilkes
Joseph Wilkes (1733–1805) was an 18th-century English industrialist and agricultural improver born in the village of Overseal in Derbyshire but more commonly associated with the village of Measham in Leicestershire. From a farming family, Wilkes was one of the leading businessmen in the area during the early part of the Industrial Revolution in England. Career Joseph Wilkes' business enterprises were many and varied, and during his lifetime he transformed Measham from a tiny mining village to a model settlement of the Industrial Revolution. Purchasing the manor with his brothers from William Wollaston in 1777 for £56,000, he undertook the development and expansion of the village, opening a bank, an inn, building factories, a boat yard, a market house and a vicarage, and constructing affordable housing for his workers. Many signs of this development are still visible today. To commemorate Wilkes, a mosaic sundial displaying many of his enterprises, by the artist Steve F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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